Psychology & Health最新文献

Objective: To enhance Making Every Contact Count (MECC, an opportunistic approach to health promotion), training in the Third and Social Economy (TSE, all groups and organisations primarily working towards social justice, outside of the government or household) by examining the degree to which the behavioural content of MECC training tackled significant factors influencing MECC delivery.

Methods and measures: A strategic behavioural analysis design. Semi-structured interviews with service providers (n = 15) and users (n = 5) were coded for barriers and facilitators of MECC delivery using the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF). Existing MECC training was coded for behaviour change techniques (BCTs) and intervention functions (IFs). The degree to which BCTs and IFs addressed the key TDF domains of influences on MECC delivery in the TSE were examined using prespecified tools.

Results: Seven key TDF domains of influences in MECC delivery were identified. Overall, only 9/31 linked BCTs were utilised within MECC training, with percentage utilisation of relevant BCTs for each domain ranging from 0% to 66.7%. Training adequately addressed 2/7 key domains.

Conclusion: The TSE and healthcare share many common key TDF domains, although there are differences in how each are relevant. Limitations and recommendations for MECC training are discussed.

Objective: A person's marital satisfaction is a strong predictor of their own mental health outcomes. However, marital satisfaction results from both spouses' experiences, so a partner's marital satisfaction also affects his or her mental health outcomes. This study adopted the actor-partner interdependence model approach (APIM) to evaluate the relationship between marital satisfaction and sense of defeat in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF-ET) couples.

Methods and measures: In this cross-sectional study, 181 infertile couples undergoing IVF-ET treatment were recruited using the Marital Satisfaction Scale of the ENRICH Marital Quality Questionnaire and Defeat Scale. Through APIM and Pearson analysis, the path relationship between marital satisfaction and defeat was analyzed.

Results: The varying degrees of defeat in IVF-ET couples, are closely related to actors' and partners' marital satisfaction. In terms of actor effects, the Marital Satisfaction of both husbands (β = -0.71, p < 0.001) and wives (β = -0.46, p = 0.001) have a significant effect on individual Defeat. With regard to partner effects, husbands' Marital Satisfaction (β = -0.23, p = 0.038) has a significant impact on wives' Defeat and the wives' Marital Satisfaction (β = -0.45, p = -0.005) has a significant impact on husbands' Defeat.

Conclusion: IVF-ET couples must be looked at as a whole, and it is critical to include couples and not just men or women when studying infertility. The importance of their interaction is essential to improve the psychosocial adaptation of infertile couples in IVF-ET treatment.

Objective: Somatic symptoms - persistent medically unexplained physical complaints - present a challenge for the healthcare system, partly because patients often resist psychological explanations and treatments. To inform patient-practitioner interactions, we provide country-specific population-representative longitudinal data on the relative contributions of physiological and psychosocial factors - individually, as specific targets for treatment, and as 'physiological' and 'psychosocial' variable clusters representing broad targets for treatment.

Methods and measures: 8,261 women aged 22-27 from the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health reported on eight physiological predictors and nine psychosocial predictors in 2017. In linear regressions both with and without missing data imputation, we assessed the relative contributions of predictors to an average score across 11 somatic symptoms reported in 2019. Supplementary analyses accounted for baseline somatic symptoms.

Results: In the main analysis (with imputation, and without baseline symptoms), physiological predictors comprised two of the five strongest predictors but accounted for less variance than psychosocial predictors (11.6 vs. 29.6%). The two sets of predictors were correlated, as the total explained variance was 33.2%. Low income and stress were strong predictors across all analyses.

Conclusion: Practitioners could discuss the likely interplay of psychosocial and physiological processes and advise on affordable treatment options.

Objective: Health inequalities are partly due to social differences in health behaviours, but we know little about the underlying mechanisms. Health behaviour theories, summarised e.g. in the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF) may outline such mechanisms. Two pathways have been theorised: Behavioural determinants mediate social differences in behaviour, and social differences in the determinants-behaviour relationship (moderation). Here, we summarise the literature on both pathways.

Method: Systematic review of observational studies predicting health behaviour from TDF variables with either mediation of inequality indicators (based on PROGRESS-Plus) through TDF determinants or moderation of TDF determinants effects by PROGRESS-Plus facets. 86 reports with 109 studies were included. Studies were summarised in an evidence synthesis with harvest plots.

Results: The most frequently examined determinants were competence beliefs, consequence beliefs, and emotions. Evidence was found for both, mediated effects of inequality indicators via TDF domains and moderating effects of inequality indicators on TDF-behaviour associations, but the majority of studies found no significant effects for either.

Discussion: Effects of determinants on health behaviour may be moderated by inequality indicators, and determinant may serve as mediators in the relationship between indicators of inequality and health behaviour. However, heterogeneity in all findings suggest the need for more systematic research.

Objective: Planning can help bridge the physical activity intention behaviour gap, but creating plans has proven burdensome for individuals. Personalised plan recommendations can alleviate this burden and improve plan quality. This study aimed to identify clusters of physical activities and predict these clusters based on static and dynamic person variables to identify relevant variables for personalising recommendations.

Design: In a 14-day ecological momentary (EMA) assessment study, 52 participants completed surveys on static (e.g. gender, SES) and dynamic (e.g. mood) personal characteristics at baseline, each morning, and each time they were active for at least 5 min. Clusters of physical activities were identified based on activity (e.g. intensity) and context (e.g. location) characteristics. Clusters, activity domain, and location were predicted using both a conditional random forest algorithm approach and a multilevel multinomial regression approach.

Results: A five-cluster solution was identified, with clusters being 'active transport activities', 'work-related activities', 'household activities', 'organised sport activities', and 'in the city activities'. We predicted up to 65% of clusters, exceeding baseline comparison. Predictions were largely based on static characteristics, most notably sociodemographic information.

Conclusions: Our findings imply that personalised recommendations do not require daily assessment-though there is a risk of stereotyping. Future work should integrate passively collected data and evaluate different way of creating recommendations.

Objectives: Dispositional optimism and pessimism have been linked to physical activity (PA) in adulthood, but longitudinal associations and relationships with physical fitness (PF) remain underexplored. We investigated whether optimism and pessimism are a) longitudinally associated with self-reported leisure-time physical activity (LTPA), b) cross-sectionally associated with device-measured PA and c) cross-sectionally and longitudinally associated with clinically measured PF. Additionally, potential bidirectional associations were explored.

Methods: A 15-year follow-up data (from age 31 to 46) was analysed from the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 study (N = 7,146). Optimism and pessimism were assessed with the Life Orientation Test-Revised. Self-reported LTPA was measured with questionnaires at both time points. Device-measured PA was assessed with accelerometers at age 46. PF was measured clinically by cardiorespiratory fitness, hand-grip strength and trunk muscle endurance at both time points.

Results: Higher optimism and lower pessimism predicted higher volumes of LTPA over 15 years. Additionally, higher LTPA predicted lower pessimism. Optimism, but not pessimism, was cross-sectionally associated with device-measured PA at age 46. Regarding PF, cross-sectional associations were observed with handgrip strength and trunk muscle endurance.

Conclusion: Higher optimism and lower pessimism promote PA in adulthood, while PA may reduce pessimism. Cross-sectional associations with muscular fitness were detected.

Objective: Physical activity (PA) has emerged as an important element of supportive care for cancer patients, but few patients engage with exercise. Considering that autonomy support is associated with healthy lifestyles, it would be useful to know the specific autonomy-supportive techniques that can help to encourage PA in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. This study aims to qualitatively explore autonomy support perceptions through a self-determination-theory-based exercise program (FIT-CANCER) with CRC patients during chemotherapy treatment.

Methods and measures: A total of 27 participants were included, 16 CRC patients, six relatives, and five healthcare professionals. Qualitative data from semi-structured interviews and observational field notes were analyzed with thematic analysis.

Results: Three main themes were identified: Healthcare professionals encouraging enrollment in the exercise program, Relatives supporting attendance to the exercise sessions, Exercise instructor favoring adherence to the exercise program. The different subthemes showed autonomy-supportive techniques from these social agents to promote CRC patients' participation in the exercise program.

Conclusion: The present research showed the importance of autonomy support from healthcare professionals, relatives and the exercise instructor to promote the initiation and maintenance of CRC patients' PA behavior and improve their quality of life, health and well-being.

Objective: It has been known that individuals' regulatory focus differences (prevention orientation or promotion orientation) influence health-related behaviors. However, in the gamification literature, when classical and gamified applications are discussed, the gain frame is predominantly included, whereas the loss frame is not sufficiently considered. In this study, individuals' evaluations of gamified and non-gamified personal health record systems with different frames were examined.

Methods: A 2 (type of personal health record system application: gamified vs. non-gamified) X 2 (frame: gain vs. loss) between-subject design was implemented, and users' regulatory foci were tested in this study. We predicted that systems that are gamified and aligned with users' regulatory foci will be evaluated more favorably than systems that are not aligned with users' regulatory foci.

Results: Contrary to what the gamification literature suggests, we found that individuals do not always prefer gamified systems over non-gamified ones. Participants' regulatory focus might play a crucial role in their attitudes toward gamified platforms.

Conclusion: The findings might contribute to the design of personal health record systems by bearing the individual motivational differences of users in mind.

Objective: This systematic review and meta-ethnography aimed to examine how children, adults and families cope with Tourette's syndrome (TS).

Methods: A systematic search of four databases was completed in October 2022. Sixteen papers met the inclusion criteria and were synthesised using Noblit and Hare's (1988) meta-ethnographic approach.

Results: Three themes were constructed: redefining the self and social identity, controlling the visible presentation of Tourette's syndrome, and challenging the narrative.

Conclusion: Findings indicate that coping involves the need to integrate TS with identity, to exert control over tics and to challenge the misrepresentations of TS in wider society. A supportive environment provided by parents and friends enables individuals to feel proud that they can control their tics, and this allows for the positive integration of TS into identity. Raising awareness at a societal level through educational campaigns is important when aiming to improve coping with a stigmatised condition. Further research is recommended, for example, to understand how common co-occurring conditions, such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, impact coping.

Objective: There is continued interest in understanding what leads people to engage in CDC-recommended COVID-19 prevention behaviors. We tested whether fear and COVID-19 worry would replicate as the primary drivers of six CDC recommended prevention behaviors. Methods and Measures: We recruited 741 adult participants during the second major peak of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States (early 2021). Using very similar methods to the original study, participants completed a 10-day daily diary. Mixed effects models identified the strongest predictors of each individual prevention behavior as well as approach and avoidance behavior clusters. Results: At the between-person level, COVID-19 worry, COVID-19 perceived susceptibility, fear, and positive emotions all had positive zero-order associations with the prevention behaviors. However, with all predictors in the same model together, primarily COVID-19 worry remained significant for both the individual behaviors and behavior clusters. At the within-person level, only fear related to assessing oneself for COVID-19 and approach behaviors on the same day, but not the next day. Mediational analyses suggested COVID-19 worry, but not COVID-19 susceptibility, mediated the links between fear and approach/avoidance behaviors. Conclusion: Findings replicated worry about yourself or a loved one getting COVID-19 as the strongest predictor of prevention behaviors.