Psychology & Health最新文献

Background: Distraction is a classic anxiety management strategy in preoperative setting with children: distracting activities take children's attention away from threatening clues. What is less clear is the differential effectiveness of this technique depending on the task, and the degree of children engagement with the distracting task. The present work examined the role of flow (state of intense concentration and absorption in the distracting task) on children's preoperative anxiety.

Methods: Anxiety and flow in a distracting activity were measured in a sample of 100 children (3 to 10 years-old), at two critical moments of the preoperative period prior to ambulatory surgery under general anesthesia (phase 1: up to separation from the parents; phase 2: up to general anesthesia). Common negative postoperative outcomes were also measured.

Results: As expected, the analysis showed a negative association between the mean level of flow in the distracting activity during waiting periods and the preoperative anxiety of children at critical moments in the two phases (although there was no effect on postoperative recovery).

Conclusion: These findings demonstrate the importance of considering the degree of engagement in the distracting activity to understand the effectiveness of this strategy. The results may help provide guidance for better clinical application of this method.

Objective: To enable measurement of coping in the general Danish population the aims of this study are to 1) describe the translation and cultural adaption of the Danish Brief Approach/Avoidance Coping Questionnaire (BACQ) and 2) investigate the psychometric properties of the Danish BACQ.

Design: The BACQ was translated and adapted into Danish, and the psychometric properties tested in two samples of adult Danish citizens: Sample A = 167, used for exploratory factor analysis (EFA), and Sample B = 330 persons, used for confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Internal consistency was evaluated by Cronbach's Alpha, item-to-rest correlation, and scale-to-scale Pearson correlation.

Results: The EFA suggested reasonable fits for both a three-factor and four-factor model, confirmed by the CFA with acceptable goodness-of-fit indices for both models. Using the four-factor-model would require a re-evaluation of the scale. The three-factor model had admissible internal consistency with an overall Cronbach's alpha of 0.66. Individuals with low self-rated health, extreme concern about current health and poor physical fitness, respectively, had lower Approach and higher Diversion and Resignation scores.

Conclusion: The psychometric properties showed that the Danish BACQ could be used as a three-factor model. With some limitations, the Danish version had acceptable construct validity, internal consistency, and content validity.

Objective: Poor mental health represents a large proportion of disease burden faced by young Australians, which has been further exacerbated by the Covid-19 pandemic and the reluctance of this population to seek support. Surf therapy is a novel form of intervention targeting mental health. The objective of this study was to interrogate programme theory within surf therapy, as delivered by the Waves of Wellness Foundation (WOW) in Australia.

Methods and measures: The study utilised grounded theory to understand or develop theoretical mediators for WOW surf therapy based on interviews exploring the experiences of previous intervention participants (n = 16; mean age = 18.4 years, SD = 2.8, range 14-24). Data were analysed through constant comparative analysis.

Results: Five categories emerged from participant data as foundational to WOW programme theory: (a) Safe Space, (b) Social Support, (c) Sensory Grounding, (d) Mastery and (e) Respite. These categories have novel theoretical and practical implications for both surf therapy and wider clinical practice, especially around concepts such as delivering 'mental health by stealth' and fostering longer term 'mental health maintenance' for participants.

Conclusion: The study developed an initial WOW programme theory, highlighting the importance of foundational therapeutic structures beyond simply going surfing.

Objective: Patients starting with physical rehabilitation often hold unrealistically high expectations for their recovery. Because of a lower-than-expected rate of recovery, such unrealistic goals have been linked to adverse effects on mental health. Additionally, overtraining due to overly ambitious goals can lead to suboptimal recovery. We investigated the effectiveness of adjusting rehabilitation goals to a more realistic level as a strategy to select appropriate exercise intensity and achieve better recovery outcomes. Design: Patients with arm paralysis from recent stroke were recruited and went through 6-8 weeks of telerehabilitation and in-clinic rehabilitation programme conducted at 11 US sites (N = 124). Main Outcome Measures: Adjustment of recovery goal was assessed in two timepoints during the rehabilitation programme and arm motor function was assessed before and after the clinical trial. Results: Greater use of goal adjustment strategies predicted better recovery of arm motor function, independent from therapy compliance. This pattern was observed only when the choice of exercises is patient-regulated rather than directed by a physical therapist. Conclusion: Benefits from goal adjustment were more pronounced among patients who entered the programme with poorer motor functions, suggesting that goal adjustment is the most beneficial when goals of complete recovery are most unrealistic.

Objective: Infertile people undergoing assisted reproductive technology (ART) treatment in China may experience severe infertility-related stress and illness anxiety (IA). However, little relevant research has been conducted until now.

Design: This study investigated the IA of 340 infertile people undergoing ART treatment, including 43 males, 292 females and 5 who preferred not to answer, in 2 tertiary general public hospitals in Wen Zhou, China.

Main outcome measures: Blood samples for thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels were obtained from 107 women to explore the relationship between IA and TSH. The questionnaire contained the Mandarin version of the Fertility Problem Inventory, the Resilient Trait Scale for Chinese Adults and the Whiteley Index, measuring infertility stress, resilience and IA, respectively.

Results: An incidence rate of 44.1% of IA among infertile people undergoing ART treatment in China was determined, and 30.2% of men and 46.6% of women had severe IA (χ² = 4.05, p < 0.05). The risk of severe IA in women was around twice that in men (OR = 2.01, 95% CI: 1.01-4.01). Women's IA level was significantly associated with their TSH level (β = 0.27, p < 0.01). Resilience played a moderating role in the relationship between parenthood importance and illness anxiety.

Conclusion: This study highlighted the importance and urgency of providing holistic care for illness anxiety of infertile people undergoing ART treatment in China, especially women. The findings of this study indicated that mind-body therapies and resilience empowerment workshops could be conducive to infertile people's holistic health.

Objective: There is a distinct lack of research regarding the relationship with the body in women with endometriosis, despite the condition involving significant changes to appearance and impaired bodily functionality. The current study aimed to understand how women with endometriosis feel about their body.

Methods and measures: Participants completed an online survey with open-ended questions on how they feel about their body, physical appearance, and level of daily functioning.

Results: Responses from 315 women with endometriosis were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis, generating three themes: 1) 'It makes me feel broken and inadequate' (Sense of being defective); 2) 'I feel like I'm in a war with it' (Sense of conflict); and 3) 'I feel like my body isn't mine; it's out of control' (Sense of alienation).

Conclusion: The findings provide support for the notion that the relationship between the body and sense of self is particularly problematic for women with endometriosis and warrants therapeutic intervention. Future research should verify the efficacy of appreciation and self-compassion-based interventions for people with endometriosis.

Background: With the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, many exercise programs moved online. The purpose of this study was to examine the extent to which older adults' social identification with other exercise program members contributed to their psychological flourishing and exercise program adherence.

Methods: The study represented a secondary analysis of data derived from the Seniors COVID-19 Pandemic and Exercise (SCOPE) Trial, in which older adults were randomized to a waitlist control condition or one of two online (personal v group) exercise programs. Only data from participants in the trial intervention conditions (N = 162; M_age = 73.52 years; SD = 5.61) were utilized in this secondary analysis. We assessed psychological flourishing and social identification at baseline and every two weeks, as well as program adherence over each 2-week block, for 12 weeks.

Results: Based on stepwise multilevel modeling the results revealed that older adults' social identification with others in their respective exercise program had a direct effect on psychological flourishing (ΔR²_{Unique Marginal} = 0.063, p < .001) and program adherence (ΔR²_{Unique Marginal} = 0.014, p = .03).

Conclusions: The results highlight the value of bolstering older adults' social identification with others in an online exercise program to support adherence and well-being.

Objective: Receiving a diagnosis of premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) can be an emotional and distressing experience for women. The aim of this meta-synthesis was to examine women's experiences of POI both before and after diagnosis to provide new understandings of those experiences.

Design: A systematic review of ten studies examining women's experiences of POI.

Results: Using thematic synthesis, three analytical themes were identified, demonstrating the complexity of experiences of women diagnosed with POI: 'What is happening to me?', 'Who am I?' and 'Who can help me?'. Women experience profound changes and losses associated with their identity that they must adjust to. Women also experience an incongruence between their identity as a young woman and that of a menopausal woman. Difficulty was also experienced accessing support pre-and post-diagnosis of POI, which could hinder coping with and adjustment to the diagnosis.

Conclusion: Women require adequate access to support following diagnosis of POI. Further training should be provided to health care professionals not only on POI but including the importance of psychological support for women with POI and the resources available to provide the much needed emotional and social support.