Pub Date : 2025-08-01DOI: 10.1016/j.pnsc.2025.05.005
Changbo Zhang , Rongke You , Hongyang Cheng, Yongfang Jiang, Xue-Qing Zhan, Ning Ma, Fang-Chang Tsai
In this study, a network compound (HP-DP) was produced by polymerization of phosphonitrilic chloride trimer (HCCP) and p-phenylenediamine (PPD), and microencapsulated ammonium polyphosphate (APP) to create flame-retardant APP@HP-DP, which was then incorporated into polyvinyl chloride (PVC) to prepare PVC composites. Adding APP@HP-DP flame retardant to PVC composites enhanced carbon yield, thermal stability and increased LOI of the composites from 23.1 % to 28.6 %. With 9.5 wt% APP@HP-DP, the peak heat release rate (PHRR) and peak smoke production rate (PSPR) dropped by 47.2 % and 23.2 %, respectively, compared to the original PVC composite. Mechanical property tests showed no change in tensile strength or elongation at the break for PVC composites with APP@HP-DP addition. Therefore, the addition of APP@HP-DP to PVC composites has significantly improved its flame retardancy and smoke suppression without affecting its mechanical properties, which can effectively reduce the potential danger of fire.
{"title":"Flame retardant and smoke inhibition properties of microencapsulated ammonium polyphosphate on polyvinyl chloride","authors":"Changbo Zhang , Rongke You , Hongyang Cheng, Yongfang Jiang, Xue-Qing Zhan, Ning Ma, Fang-Chang Tsai","doi":"10.1016/j.pnsc.2025.05.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pnsc.2025.05.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><span><span>In this study, a network compound (HP-DP) was produced by polymerization of phosphonitrilic chloride trimer (HCCP) and p-phenylenediamine (PPD), and microencapsulated ammonium polyphosphate (APP) to create flame-retardant APP@HP-DP, which was then incorporated into </span>polyvinyl chloride<span><span> (PVC) to prepare PVC composites. Adding APP@HP-DP flame retardant to PVC composites enhanced carbon yield, thermal stability and increased </span>LOI<span> of the composites from 23.1 % to 28.6 %. With 9.5 wt% APP@HP-DP, the peak heat release rate (PHRR) and peak smoke production rate (PSPR) dropped by 47.2 % and 23.2 %, respectively, compared to the original PVC composite. Mechanical property tests showed no change in </span></span></span>tensile strength or elongation at the break for PVC composites with APP@HP-DP addition. Therefore, the addition of APP@HP-DP to PVC composites has significantly improved its flame retardancy and smoke suppression without affecting its mechanical properties, which can effectively reduce the potential danger of fire.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20742,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Natural Science: Materials International","volume":"35 4","pages":"Pages 780-789"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144896611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-01DOI: 10.1016/j.pnsc.2025.04.003
Jincan Li , YiJing Zhang , Huiyu Duan , Quanzhan Chen , Cheng Zhang , Changyun Chen , Kuaibing Wang
This paper offers a comprehensive insight into metastable nanomaterials, detailing their design principles, chemical compositions, and microstructure. It begins by summarizing the fundamental concepts and properties of metastable nanomaterials, emphasizing their distinctive importance and potential applications across various fields. The design principles of metastable nanomaterials are then analyzed in detail, including the selection of chemical compositions and the classification of microstructures. The effects of these factors on the properties of metastable nanomaterials are thoroughly discussed. The paper also delves into specific types of metastable materials, such as metastable metals, metal oxides, and metal sulfides, covering their heterostructures, metastable stacksand single atoms or clusters. Additionally, the application prospects of metastable nanomaterials in multiple fields are described, and the current challenges in research are critically analyzed. Finally, the future research directions are proposed to provide theoretical and practical guidance for the design, preparation, and application of metastable nanomaterials.
{"title":"Design principles of metastable nanomaterials: A comprehensive review","authors":"Jincan Li , YiJing Zhang , Huiyu Duan , Quanzhan Chen , Cheng Zhang , Changyun Chen , Kuaibing Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.pnsc.2025.04.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pnsc.2025.04.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper offers a comprehensive insight into metastable nanomaterials, detailing their design principles, chemical compositions, and microstructure. It begins by summarizing the fundamental concepts and properties of metastable nanomaterials, emphasizing their distinctive importance and potential applications across various fields. The design principles of metastable nanomaterials are then analyzed in detail, including the selection of chemical compositions and the classification of microstructures. The effects of these factors on the properties of metastable nanomaterials are thoroughly discussed. The paper also delves into specific types of metastable materials, such as metastable metals, metal oxides, and metal sulfides, covering their heterostructures, metastable stacksand single atoms or clusters. Additionally, the application prospects of metastable nanomaterials in multiple fields are described, and the current challenges in research are critically analyzed. Finally, the future research directions are proposed to provide theoretical and practical guidance for the design, preparation, and application of metastable nanomaterials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20742,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Natural Science: Materials International","volume":"35 4","pages":"Pages 639-665"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144896533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-01DOI: 10.1016/j.pnsc.2025.05.007
Tinging Cui, Min Yang, Xin Wang, Fan Yang, Xinbing Zhang, Min Guo, Haijun Su, Lin Liu
Nickel-based single-crystal superalloys exhibit outstanding mechanical properties at high temperatures, and the addition of rhenium (Re) can significantly improve the alloy's temperature limit. To explore how the Re affects the dendrite morphology transition and micro-segregation in these alloys, we conducted directional solidification simulations of Ni-9 wt.%Al-x wt.%Re alloys (x = 3, 4, 5, 6). These simulations utilized a phase field model incorporating a fundamental thermodynamics database. By employing PANDAT thermodynamic software, the functional relationships between phase equilibrium composition, element concentrations, and temperature have been established and then integrated into the phase field model for accurate simulations. The simulation results show that the microstructure undergoes a planer-cell-dendrite morphology transition in the initial stage of directional solidification and ultimately maintains the dendrite morphology in the later stage. The Re content influences the speed of morphology transition; as the Re content increases, the solidification parameters, such as dimensionless undercooling (U) and dimensionless supersaturation (Ω), decrease, resulting in a delayed time that reaches the critical point of the morphology transition. During directional solidification, the distribution coefficients of Al and Re fluctuate initially but quickly stabilize, and the stabilized distribution coefficients of both Al and Re decrease with Re content. In addition, Al exhibits distinct enrichment in inter-dendrite regions and Re in dendrite cores. As Re content increases, the segregation degree of Al and Re is respectively intensified and reduced, which is the result of the combined effect of solute distribution coefficient and liquidus-solidus temperature range.
{"title":"Effect of Re on Dendrite evolution and segregation of nickel-based superalloys studied by phase field method","authors":"Tinging Cui, Min Yang, Xin Wang, Fan Yang, Xinbing Zhang, Min Guo, Haijun Su, Lin Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.pnsc.2025.05.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pnsc.2025.05.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><span><span><span>Nickel-based single-crystal superalloys exhibit outstanding mechanical properties at high temperatures, and the addition of </span>rhenium (Re) can significantly improve the alloy's temperature limit. To explore how the Re affects the dendrite morphology transition and micro-segregation in these alloys, we conducted </span>directional solidification simulations of Ni-9 wt.%Al-</span><em>x</em> wt.%Re alloys (<em>x</em><span> = 3, 4, 5, 6). These simulations utilized a phase field model<span> incorporating a fundamental thermodynamics database. By employing PANDAT thermodynamic software, the functional relationships between phase equilibrium composition<span>, element concentrations, and temperature have been established and then integrated into the phase field model for accurate simulations. The simulation results show that the microstructure undergoes a planer-cell-dendrite morphology transition in the initial stage of directional solidification and ultimately maintains the dendrite morphology in the later stage. The Re content influences the speed of morphology transition; as the Re content increases, the solidification parameters, such as dimensionless undercooling (</span></span></span><em>U</em><span>) and dimensionless supersaturation (</span><em>Ω</em><span>), decrease, resulting in a delayed time that reaches the critical point of the morphology transition. During directional solidification, the distribution coefficients of Al and Re fluctuate initially but quickly stabilize, and the stabilized distribution coefficients of both Al and Re decrease with Re content. In addition, Al exhibits distinct enrichment in inter-dendrite regions and Re in dendrite cores. As Re content increases, the segregation degree of Al and Re is respectively intensified and reduced, which is the result of the combined effect of solute distribution coefficient and liquidus-solidus temperature range.</span></div></div>","PeriodicalId":20742,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Natural Science: Materials International","volume":"35 4","pages":"Pages 799-806"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144896610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-01DOI: 10.1016/j.pnsc.2025.06.010
Yi Nian , Chaojie Zhang , Xinyu Tang , Youcheng Zong , Jiale Li , Liqiang Zhang , Yingxue Wang
The continuous casting reduction process can effectively improve defects such as central segregation and porosity in the billets, making it a key process for enhancing billets quality. This study aims to investigate the required external force during the solidification reduction process and the equivalent stress-strain distribution at various positions inside the billets, and to construct predictive models for equivalent stress-strain and external force based on the reduction amount. Through conducting laboratory ingot solidification process reduction tests and finite element numerical simulations, the corresponding parameters including external force, reduction amount, equivalent stress, and equivalent strain were obtained. Data augmentation and random noise processing were applied to the parameter features, and predictive models for external force using the XGBoost algorithm and for equivalent stress-strain using a convolutional neural networks were constructed. The results indicate that as the reduction amount increases, the required external force increases, and the equivalent stress-strain inside the billet is much higher than at the surface. Furthermore, in the external force prediction model, the MAPE value of the XGBoost algorithm is 8.15 %, while in the equivalent stress-strain model, the R2 value of the convolutional neural networks training set is 0.92. These results demonstrate that both the external force prediction model and the equivalent stress-strain prediction model exhibit high accuracy, and robustness in predictive tasks.
{"title":"XGBoost and CNN-based prediction of external forces and stress-strain during solidification reduction in casting","authors":"Yi Nian , Chaojie Zhang , Xinyu Tang , Youcheng Zong , Jiale Li , Liqiang Zhang , Yingxue Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.pnsc.2025.06.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pnsc.2025.06.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><span>The continuous casting<span><span><span> reduction process can effectively improve defects such as central segregation and porosity in the billets, making it a key process for enhancing billets quality. This study aims to investigate the required external force during the solidification reduction process and the equivalent stress-strain distribution at various positions inside the billets, and to construct predictive models for equivalent stress-strain and external force based on the reduction amount. Through conducting laboratory ingot solidification process reduction tests and </span>finite element numerical simulations, the corresponding parameters including external force, reduction amount, equivalent stress, and equivalent strain were obtained. Data augmentation and random </span>noise processing<span> were applied to the parameter features, and predictive models for external force using the XGBoost algorithm and for equivalent stress-strain using a convolutional neural networks were constructed. The results indicate that as the reduction amount increases, the required external force increases, and the equivalent stress-strain inside the billet is much higher than at the surface. Furthermore, in the external force prediction model, the MAPE value of the XGBoost algorithm is 8.15 %, while in the equivalent stress-strain model, the R</span></span></span><sup>2</sup><span> value of the convolutional neural networks training set is 0.92. These results demonstrate that both the external force prediction model and the equivalent stress-strain prediction model exhibit high accuracy, and robustness in predictive tasks.</span></div></div>","PeriodicalId":20742,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Natural Science: Materials International","volume":"35 4","pages":"Pages 846-858"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144896531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-01DOI: 10.1016/j.pnsc.2025.04.002
Yongcheng Zhu , Zhaoxin Du , Tianhao Gong , Zhiyong Yue , Shuzhi Zhang , Jun Cheng , Xudong Kang , Qiang Zeng , Jingshun Liu
The exploration of the relationship between microstructure and properties is essential in materials research. However, traditional methods are often costly and time-consuming, and manual quantitative analysis is subject to high levels of subjectivity, which hinders accurate reflection of microstructural features. In this study, based on a multimodal database of the Solution-Treatment-Aging (STA) process for titanium alloys, we developed a deep learning model for microstructure-property relationships in T55511 alloy by employing a Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Model (DDPM) with a conditional U-Net as the denoising network. The model generates high-fidelity microstructure images through progressive denoising and adaptively predicts the complex relationships between microstructure and properties based on processing conditions. Results demonstrate that the model produces images with high clarity and strong resemblance to real microstructures. Quantitative information obtained via semantic segmentation shows that the model achieves a mean absolute error (MAE) of ≤30 nm for primary phase (αp) and ≤20 nm for secondary phase (αs), closely matching real-world data. This study validates the reliability of the DDPM model in generating alloy microstructures and highlights its potential for broad applications, including other alloy systems, process optimization, and materials design.
{"title":"Accurate reconstruction and prediction of T55511 titanium alloy microstructure using DDPM model and quantitative evaluation","authors":"Yongcheng Zhu , Zhaoxin Du , Tianhao Gong , Zhiyong Yue , Shuzhi Zhang , Jun Cheng , Xudong Kang , Qiang Zeng , Jingshun Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.pnsc.2025.04.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pnsc.2025.04.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><span><span>The exploration of the relationship between microstructure and properties is essential in materials research. However, traditional methods are often costly and time-consuming, and manual quantitative analysis is subject to high levels of subjectivity, which hinders accurate reflection of microstructural features. In this study, based on a multimodal database of the Solution-Treatment-Aging (STA) process for </span>titanium alloys, we developed a </span>deep learning<span><span><span> model for microstructure-property relationships in T55511 alloy by employing a Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Model (DDPM) with a conditional U-Net as the denoising network. The model generates high-fidelity microstructure images through progressive denoising and adaptively predicts the complex relationships between microstructure and properties based on processing conditions. Results demonstrate that the model produces images with high clarity and strong resemblance to real microstructures. Quantitative information obtained via semantic segmentation shows that the model achieves a </span>mean absolute error (MAE) of ≤30 nm for </span>primary phase<span> (αp) and ≤20 nm for secondary phase (αs), closely matching real-world data. This study validates the reliability of the DDPM model in generating alloy microstructures and highlights its potential for broad applications, including other alloy systems, process optimization, and materials design.</span></span></div></div>","PeriodicalId":20742,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Natural Science: Materials International","volume":"35 4","pages":"Pages 712-723"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144896557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-01DOI: 10.1016/j.pnsc.2025.04.006
Yang Zheng , Yao Lu , He Tong , Jia Lu , Donglei He , Ziyue Zhang , Yan Li
A series of hydrophilic-to-hydrophobic convertible coatings, consisting of copolymers made from poly (N-isopropyl acrylamide) (PNIPAAm) and chitosan (CHI) with various CHI/PNIPAAm ratios, were prepared on Mg-4Zn-1Mn alloy surface pretreated by micro-arc oxidation (MAO) to improve its corrosion behaviour. Microstructural analysis demonstrated successful deposition of the PNIPAAm-g-CHI coatings and their thickness increased with increasing CHI/PNIPAAm ratio. The bonding strength of the coatings became worse as the CHI/PNIPAAm ratio increased and the strongest bonding was obtained at CHI/PNIPAAm ratios of 0:10 and 1:9. The electrochemical corrosion tests indicated that the corrosion behaviour of the coatings deteriorated as the CHI/PNIPAAm ratio increased. The coating with a CHI/PNIPAAm ratio of 0:10 exhibited the optimal corrosion resistance, demonstrating an impedance of 9455.2 Ω cm2 and a corrosion current density of 0.179 μA/cm2, which was about respectively 2 times higher and 10 times lower than those of the MAO-treated sample. The surface wettability measurements revealed that the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) progressively became higher when the CHI/PNIPAAm ratio increased, resulting in a continuous decrease in the water contact angle. The coatings presented hydrophobic properties above the LCST, whereas they displayed hydrophilic below the LCST.
{"title":"A novel hydrophilic-to-hydrophobic convertible coating on biodegradable Mg-4Zn-1Mn alloy: Preparation, microstructure and corrosion behaviour","authors":"Yang Zheng , Yao Lu , He Tong , Jia Lu , Donglei He , Ziyue Zhang , Yan Li","doi":"10.1016/j.pnsc.2025.04.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pnsc.2025.04.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><span><span>A series of hydrophilic-to-hydrophobic convertible coatings, consisting of copolymers<span><span><span> made from poly (N-isopropyl acrylamide) (PNIPAAm) and chitosan (CHI) with various CHI/PNIPAAm ratios, were prepared on Mg-4Zn-1Mn alloy surface pretreated by micro-arc oxidation<span> (MAO) to improve its corrosion behaviour. </span></span>Microstructural analysis demonstrated successful deposition of the PNIPAAm-g-CHI coatings and their thickness increased with increasing CHI/PNIPAAm ratio. The bonding </span>strength<span> of the coatings became worse as the CHI/PNIPAAm ratio increased and the strongest bonding was obtained at CHI/PNIPAAm ratios of 0:10 and 1:9. The electrochemical corrosion tests indicated that the corrosion behaviour of the coatings deteriorated as the CHI/PNIPAAm ratio increased. The coating with a CHI/PNIPAAm ratio of 0:10 exhibited the optimal </span></span></span>corrosion resistance, demonstrating an impedance of 9455.2 Ω cm</span><sup>2</sup> and a corrosion current density of 0.179 μA/cm<sup>2</sup><span><span><span>, which was about respectively 2 times higher and 10 times lower than those of the MAO-treated sample. The surface wettability measurements revealed that the </span>lower critical solution temperature (LCST) progressively became higher when the CHI/PNIPAAm ratio increased, resulting in a continuous decrease in the </span>water contact angle<span>. The coatings presented hydrophobic properties above the LCST, whereas they displayed hydrophilic below the LCST.</span></span></div></div>","PeriodicalId":20742,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Natural Science: Materials International","volume":"35 4","pages":"Pages 752-763"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144896560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-01DOI: 10.1016/j.pnsc.2025.06.001
Congqi Chen , Wen Du , Yunfei Xu , Shilong Li , Kun Wang
The ambiguous physicochemical properties of nickel-cobalt-manganese ternary composite oxides (NCMO) hinder proper control of calcination process and impede accurate techno-economic analysis. In particularly, a critical step of the oxide precursor route through the flame synthesis approach for manufacturing ternary cathode materials is the production of NCMO. Current burners for synthesizing the NCMO are based primarily on co-flow burner with nonuniform temperature profiles, resulting in few controls of boundary conditions for manufacturing materials. To address the above issues, the present study proposes to design a new flame synthesis platform based on a Hencken flat-flame burner, to achieve stable flame with uniform temperature field. By integrating with ultrasonic atomization and quenching system, the proposed flame synthesis platform enables efficient production of NCMO precursors. Examination of the key experimental parameters reveals that an equivalence ratio of 0.6 and a precursor solution concentration of 1.0 mol/L yields proper NCMO precursors with 1–2 μm spherical diameters. The key physicochemical properties of the produced NCMO precursors are characterized, and in particularly, the oxidation states of several typical precursors were determined. The present study shows that the flame synthesis platform based on the flat-flame Hencken burner has great potential in the preparation of functional nanoparticles with multi-metal elements in an efficient and controllable manner.
{"title":"Design a Hencken burner with uniform temperature distribution for characterizing oxide precursors of ternary cathode materials","authors":"Congqi Chen , Wen Du , Yunfei Xu , Shilong Li , Kun Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.pnsc.2025.06.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pnsc.2025.06.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><span><span>The ambiguous physicochemical properties of nickel-cobalt-manganese ternary composite </span>oxides (NCMO) hinder proper control of </span>calcination<span><span> process and impede accurate techno-economic analysis. In particularly, a critical step of the oxide precursor route through the flame synthesis approach for manufacturing ternary cathode materials<span> is the production of NCMO. Current burners for synthesizing the NCMO are based primarily on co-flow burner with nonuniform temperature profiles, resulting in few controls of boundary conditions for manufacturing materials. To address the above issues, the present study proposes to design a new flame synthesis platform based on a Hencken flat-flame burner, to achieve stable flame with uniform temperature field. By integrating with ultrasonic </span></span>atomization<span> and quenching system, the proposed flame synthesis platform enables efficient production of NCMO precursors. Examination of the key experimental parameters reveals that an equivalence ratio of 0.6 and a precursor solution<span><span> concentration of 1.0 mol/L yields proper NCMO precursors with 1–2 μm spherical diameters. The key physicochemical properties of the produced NCMO precursors are characterized, and in particularly, the oxidation states of several typical precursors were determined. The present study shows that the flame synthesis platform based on the flat-flame Hencken burner has great potential in the preparation of functional </span>nanoparticles with multi-metal elements in an efficient and controllable manner.</span></span></span></div></div>","PeriodicalId":20742,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Natural Science: Materials International","volume":"35 4","pages":"Pages 814-821"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144896565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-01DOI: 10.1016/j.pnsc.2025.06.002
Chenyu Zhang , Wenqiang Zhao , Jinhua Dai , Yin Tao , Kexin Xi , Fengtian Yu , Chuan Liu , Bin Tang
Focusing on a new silicon-rich α+β Ti alloy with widmanstatten microstructure, the precipitation behavior of silicides and the dynamic recrystallization (DRX) mechanism during hot deformation were systematically investigated by thermal simulation compression tests. The Arrhenius constitutive model for the high-temperature deformation of the Ti-5Al-7.5V-0.5Mo-0.5Zr-0.5Si alloy was established, indicating that the DRX is the main softening mechanism. Combined with microstructure characterization, it was found that there is a certain competitive relationship between silicides precipitation and DRX, resulting in a non-monotonic change in the silicides precipitation. With the increasing temperature, the size of silicides increases, while the volume fraction first increases and then decreases. As the strain rate decreases, the size of silicides first decreases and then increases, while the volume fraction continues to decrease. The DRX fraction increases significantly at 890 °C/0.001 s−1. Additionally, the fragmentation and spheroidization of the α phase are achieved through the continuous dynamic recrystallization (CDRX). Furthermore, by integrating the dynamic material model and the relevant parameters the DRX & silicide precipitation, a novel multi-dimensional hot working map was constructed. The optimal hot processing parameters were determined as 870–884 °C/0.004–0.015 s−1, where the high-power dissipation factor η, the appropriate DRX volume fraction, and the great strengthening effect of silicides can be readily obtained, which contributed effectively to the effectively balance between the strength and plasticity of this silicon-rich Ti alloy. The investigation provides an important theoretical basis for optimizing the hot working process of silicon-rich Ti alloys and promoting the industrial application.
{"title":"Silicide precipitation behavior and dynamic recrystallization mechanism of a novel titanium alloy with widmanstatten microstructure","authors":"Chenyu Zhang , Wenqiang Zhao , Jinhua Dai , Yin Tao , Kexin Xi , Fengtian Yu , Chuan Liu , Bin Tang","doi":"10.1016/j.pnsc.2025.06.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pnsc.2025.06.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><span><span>Focusing on a new silicon-rich α+β Ti alloy with widmanstatten microstructure, the precipitation behavior<span> of silicides and the </span></span>dynamic recrystallization<span><span><span> (DRX) mechanism during hot deformation were systematically investigated by thermal simulation compression tests. The </span>Arrhenius constitutive model for the high-temperature deformation of the Ti-5Al-7.5V-0.5Mo-0.5Zr-0.5Si alloy was established, indicating that the DRX is the main softening mechanism. Combined with </span>microstructure characterization<span>, it was found that there is a certain competitive relationship between silicides precipitation and DRX, resulting in a non-monotonic change in the silicides precipitation. With the increasing temperature, the size of silicides increases, while the volume fraction first increases and then decreases. As the strain rate decreases, the size of silicides first decreases and then increases, while the volume fraction continues to decrease. The DRX fraction increases significantly at 890 °C/0.001 s</span></span></span><sup>−1</sup><span>. Additionally, the fragmentation and spheroidization of the α phase are achieved through the continuous dynamic recrystallization (CDRX). Furthermore, by integrating the dynamic material model and the relevant parameters the DRX & silicide precipitation, a novel multi-dimensional hot working map was constructed. The optimal hot processing parameters were determined as 870–884 °C/0.004–0.015 s</span><sup>−1</sup><span><span>, where the high-power dissipation factor η, the appropriate DRX volume fraction, and the great </span>strengthening effect<span> of silicides can be readily obtained, which contributed effectively to the effectively balance between the strength and plasticity of this silicon-rich Ti alloy. The investigation provides an important theoretical basis for optimizing the hot working process of silicon-rich Ti alloys and promoting the industrial application.</span></span></div></div>","PeriodicalId":20742,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Natural Science: Materials International","volume":"35 4","pages":"Pages 822-833"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144896566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-01DOI: 10.1016/j.pnsc.2025.05.006
Wenjing Bi , Zhihan Tong , Jinsong Sun , Jiayin Wang , Yuan Liu , Xue Yang , Xiaoyang Lv , Zhiyi Hou , Qinqin Xia
Cellulose-based gels with flexibility, structural tunability and biocompatibility are applied in advanced fields. However, most of cellulose-based gels are still limited in insufficient mechanical strength and tedious preparation process. We have developed a tough and flexible cellulose/polyacrylic acid (cellulose/PAA) gel through a simple process involving in-situ esterification and photopolymerization within a polymerizable deep eutectic solvent (PDES: ZnCl2/acrylic acid/H2O). In this process, cellulose undergoes highly efficient dissolution (>7 wt% within 30 min) while simultaneously capturing acrylic acid (AA) in PDES by in situ esterification, endowing cellulose/PAA gel with a double-network structure through synergistic ester covalent crosslinking and dense hydrogen bond interaction. The hydrogen donor-acceptor capability of PDES, coupled with ester bond formation, induce a delocalization effect in AA, enabling spontaneous radical generation for photopolymerization without requiring external initiator and crosslinker. The resulting cellulose/PAA gel exhibit exceptional tensile strength (12.6 MPa) and toughness (4.24 MJ/m3), which is about 17.67 times than that of the pure cellulose gel. Furthermore, the synergistic presence of carboxyl groups and Zn2+ ions within cellulose/PAA gel impart high electric conductivity (4.7 mS/cm), enabling real-time detection of diverse physiological motions. The simple and effective method we present provides a pathway for the preparation of high-performance conductive gel from renewable biopolymer for flexible sensors applications.
{"title":"Strong, tough, conductive cellulose/PAA gel enabled by in-situ esterification and noncovalent crosslinking for adaptive sensor","authors":"Wenjing Bi , Zhihan Tong , Jinsong Sun , Jiayin Wang , Yuan Liu , Xue Yang , Xiaoyang Lv , Zhiyi Hou , Qinqin Xia","doi":"10.1016/j.pnsc.2025.05.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pnsc.2025.05.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><span><span>Cellulose-based gels with flexibility, structural tunability and biocompatibility are applied in advanced fields. However, most of cellulose-based gels are still limited in insufficient mechanical strength and tedious preparation process. We have developed a tough and flexible cellulose/polyacrylic acid (cellulose/PAA) gel through a simple process involving in-situ esterification and </span>photopolymerization<span> within a polymerizable deep eutectic solvent (PDES: ZnCl</span></span><sub>2</sub>/acrylic acid/H<sub>2</sub><span><span>O). In this process, cellulose undergoes highly efficient dissolution (>7 wt% within 30 min) while simultaneously capturing acrylic acid (AA) in PDES by in situ esterification, endowing cellulose/PAA gel with a double-network structure through synergistic ester covalent crosslinking and dense hydrogen bond<span> interaction. The hydrogen donor-acceptor capability of PDES, coupled with ester bond formation, induce a delocalization effect in AA, enabling spontaneous radical generation for photopolymerization without requiring external initiator and crosslinker. The resulting cellulose/PAA gel exhibit exceptional </span></span>tensile strength (12.6 MPa) and toughness (4.24 MJ/m</span><sup>3</sup>), which is about 17.67 times than that of the pure cellulose gel. Furthermore, the synergistic presence of carboxyl groups and Zn<sup>2+</sup><span><span> ions within cellulose/PAA gel impart high electric conductivity (4.7 mS/cm), enabling real-time detection of diverse physiological motions. The simple and effective method we present provides a pathway for the preparation of high-performance conductive gel from renewable </span>biopolymer for flexible sensors applications.</span></div></div>","PeriodicalId":20742,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Natural Science: Materials International","volume":"35 4","pages":"Pages 790-798"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144896609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-01DOI: 10.1016/j.pnsc.2025.04.005
Jianhong Wang , Qianyu Lu , Na Sun , Huihui Su , Peng Chen , Jizhou Wu , Yongming Fu , Jie Ma
Piezo–photocatalysis has emerged as a promising strategy for addressing energy and environmental challenges by synergistically harnessing light and mechanical energy. In this study, colloidal g-C3N4 quantum dots (QD) are synthesized via a high-power ultrasonic exfoliation method and have demonstrated significantly enhanced piezo–photocatalytic performance. Key factors for performance enhancement include reduced size, enhanced surface effects, and the introduction of oxygen doping and nitrogen vacancy, which improve the separation efficiency and lifetime of photogenerated charge carriers. These enhancements enable exceptional photocatalytic and piezo–photocatalytic degradation efficiencies, achieving 99.9 % degradation of methylene blue within 20 min under 365 nm light irradiation combined with ultrasonic assistance. Furthermore, in-situ electron spin resonance measurements reveal the abundant generation of ·CH2OH radicals in melamine-derived g-C3N4 QD, highlighting its potential for applications in photocatalytic organic synthesis. The colloidal QD exhibit remarkable long-term stability and reusability, with minimal performance decline over multiple cycles. This work elucidates the mechanisms underlying the performance enhancements of g-C3N4 QD and underscores their potential for practical applications in environmental remediation and sustainable energy conversion.
{"title":"Giant improvement in piezo-photocatalytic capability of colloidal g-C3N4 quantum dots","authors":"Jianhong Wang , Qianyu Lu , Na Sun , Huihui Su , Peng Chen , Jizhou Wu , Yongming Fu , Jie Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.pnsc.2025.04.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pnsc.2025.04.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Piezo–photocatalysis has emerged as a promising strategy for addressing energy and environmental challenges by synergistically harnessing light and mechanical energy. In this study, colloidal g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub><span><span><span> quantum dots<span> (QD) are synthesized via a high-power ultrasonic exfoliation method and have demonstrated significantly enhanced piezo–photocatalytic performance. Key factors for performance enhancement include reduced size, enhanced surface effects, and the introduction of oxygen doping and nitrogen vacancy, which improve the separation efficiency and lifetime of photogenerated charge carriers. These enhancements enable exceptional </span></span>photocatalytic<span> and piezo–photocatalytic degradation efficiencies, achieving 99.9 % degradation of methylene blue<span> within 20 min under 365 nm light irradiation combined with ultrasonic assistance. Furthermore, in-situ </span></span></span>electron spin resonance measurements reveal the abundant generation of ·CH</span><sub>2</sub>OH radicals in melamine-derived g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> QD, highlighting its potential for applications in photocatalytic organic synthesis. The colloidal QD exhibit remarkable long-term stability and reusability, with minimal performance decline over multiple cycles. This work elucidates the mechanisms underlying the performance enhancements of g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub><span> QD and underscores their potential for practical applications in environmental remediation and sustainable energy conversion.</span></div></div>","PeriodicalId":20742,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Natural Science: Materials International","volume":"35 4","pages":"Pages 737-751"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144896559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：
京公网安备 11010802042870号