Pub Date : 2024-07-03DOI: 10.1017/s0029665124004580
P. Moitra, A. Jhaveri, P. Tailor, P. Khedekar, J. Madan
Parallel to the escalating burden of obesity is the steadily increasing prevalence of metabolic dysfunction associated steatotic liver diseases (MASLD), a chronic condition that progresses from simple steatosis to advanced stages of steatohepatitis, fibrosis, and cirrhosis <jats:sup>(1-2).</jats:sup> MASLD, regarded as the hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome is known to be exacerbated by unhealthy lifestyle choices and the presence of comorbidities such as diabetes, dyslipidemia, and obesity <jats:sup>(3-4)</jats:sup>. Therefore, early identification of the general population at risk of MASLD and the development of multicomponent interventions that can prevent the progression of liver damage and mitigate associated adverse cardiometabolic health outcomes are important. Our study aimed to evaluate the effects of a lifestyle modification program on glucose levels, lipid profile, liver function, and body composition measures in community-living adults with elevated hepatic steatosis index in Mumbai, India.Adults (n= 231, mean age 46.1(13.7) years), 58.6% men) were screened for risk of MASLD using a non-invasive screening tool, Hepatic Steatosis Index (HSI) (calculated as (HSI)= 8 x (ALT/AST ratio) +BMI (+2, if female; +2, if diabetes mellitus) <jats:sup>(5).</jats:sup> Eligible participants with HSI >36 (predictive of the presence of MASLD) were randomized to receive either a multicomponent lifestyle intervention (experimental group, EG) comprising weekly sessions of individualized dietary counseling (Participants having BMI >23kg/m2 (n = 36) received hypocaloric diets with 40% carbohydrates, 40% fat and 30% proteins (WLD) and those having BMI <22.9kg/m2 (n= 22) received weight maintenance diet (WMD) plans including 55% carbohydrates, 15% protein and 30% fats) and fortnightly group sessions of structured exercise and nutrition education or a standard of care package (control group, CG, n= 43) including general healthy eating and activity guidelines for the 8- week study duration. Paired t test and independent sample t tests were used to determine within and between group changes in variables from baseline to endline.Trial Registration: This study is registered as CTRI/2022/05/042927.Overall, the prevalence of MASLD was 52.2%, 32.8% were hypertensive, and 26.7% and 15.4% had diabetes and hypertriglyceridemia respectively. The intervention (WLD) resulted in decreased weight (mean (M)= 3.4 kg, standard error (SE) = 1.88 k, p = 0.02), body fat percent (M = 2.2%, SE = 1.1%, p= 0.042), serum triglycerides (M=28.8mg/dL, SE 8.5mg/dL, p<0.001) and AST (M= 3.8 U/L, SE= 2.2U/L, p <0.05) values. The WMD group reported improvements in serum cholesterol levels, and ALT/ AST ratio as compared to CG (p <0.001). In WMD, HDL-C increased from 45.8 mg/dl to 47.2 mg/dl and the mean AST values reduced from 28.8 (10.6) U/L to 25.6 (9.9) U/L, but these changes were not statistically significant.Multicomponent lifestyle modification programs integr
{"title":"Effects of a multicomponent lifestyle modification intervention on liver function, lipid profile, and body composition in adults with elevated hepatic steatosis index","authors":"P. Moitra, A. Jhaveri, P. Tailor, P. Khedekar, J. Madan","doi":"10.1017/s0029665124004580","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0029665124004580","url":null,"abstract":"Parallel to the escalating burden of obesity is the steadily increasing prevalence of metabolic dysfunction associated steatotic liver diseases (MASLD), a chronic condition that progresses from simple steatosis to advanced stages of steatohepatitis, fibrosis, and cirrhosis <jats:sup>(1-2).</jats:sup> MASLD, regarded as the hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome is known to be exacerbated by unhealthy lifestyle choices and the presence of comorbidities such as diabetes, dyslipidemia, and obesity <jats:sup>(3-4)</jats:sup>. Therefore, early identification of the general population at risk of MASLD and the development of multicomponent interventions that can prevent the progression of liver damage and mitigate associated adverse cardiometabolic health outcomes are important. Our study aimed to evaluate the effects of a lifestyle modification program on glucose levels, lipid profile, liver function, and body composition measures in community-living adults with elevated hepatic steatosis index in Mumbai, India.Adults (n= 231, mean age 46.1(13.7) years), 58.6% men) were screened for risk of MASLD using a non-invasive screening tool, Hepatic Steatosis Index (HSI) (calculated as (HSI)= 8 x (ALT/AST ratio) +BMI (+2, if female; +2, if diabetes mellitus) <jats:sup>(5).</jats:sup> Eligible participants with HSI >36 (predictive of the presence of MASLD) were randomized to receive either a multicomponent lifestyle intervention (experimental group, EG) comprising weekly sessions of individualized dietary counseling (Participants having BMI >23kg/m2 (n = 36) received hypocaloric diets with 40% carbohydrates, 40% fat and 30% proteins (WLD) and those having BMI <22.9kg/m2 (n= 22) received weight maintenance diet (WMD) plans including 55% carbohydrates, 15% protein and 30% fats) and fortnightly group sessions of structured exercise and nutrition education or a standard of care package (control group, CG, n= 43) including general healthy eating and activity guidelines for the 8- week study duration. Paired t test and independent sample t tests were used to determine within and between group changes in variables from baseline to endline.Trial Registration: This study is registered as CTRI/2022/05/042927.Overall, the prevalence of MASLD was 52.2%, 32.8% were hypertensive, and 26.7% and 15.4% had diabetes and hypertriglyceridemia respectively. The intervention (WLD) resulted in decreased weight (mean (M)= 3.4 kg, standard error (SE) = 1.88 k, p = 0.02), body fat percent (M = 2.2%, SE = 1.1%, p= 0.042), serum triglycerides (M=28.8mg/dL, SE 8.5mg/dL, p<0.001) and AST (M= 3.8 U/L, SE= 2.2U/L, p <0.05) values. The WMD group reported improvements in serum cholesterol levels, and ALT/ AST ratio as compared to CG (p <0.001). In WMD, HDL-C increased from 45.8 mg/dl to 47.2 mg/dl and the mean AST values reduced from 28.8 (10.6) U/L to 25.6 (9.9) U/L, but these changes were not statistically significant.Multicomponent lifestyle modification programs integr","PeriodicalId":20751,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Nutrition Society","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141527461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-03DOI: 10.1017/s0029665124004439
M. Brandner, L. Zhang, A. MacGregor, M. Traka, A. Welch
Multiple-long term conditions (MLTCs), also known as multimorbidity, are commonly defined as the presence of two or more long-term medical conditions in one individual<jats:sup>(1)</jats:sup>. More than half of all adults over 60 years are affected by multimorbidity worldwide<jats:sup>(2)</jats:sup> and its increasing prevalence demands a shift in focus for research and healthcare towards multiple clusters of disease, rather than single conditions<jats:sup>(3)</jats:sup>.Current epidemiological evidence on diet as preventative lifestyle factor in relation to MLTCs is limited<jats:sup>(4)</jats:sup>. Therefore we reviewed the existing evidence to summarise methods of assessment of diet and multimorbidity measure to identify further research needs in a scoping review.Medline, Embase, CINAHL, Web of Science and Scopus were searched systematically following the methodological approach for scoping reviews by PRISMA. The protocol was published on Open Science Framework under DOI10.17605/OSF.IO/9FP5D. The search yielded a total of 10,937 results. After de-duplication, title and abstract screening and a final inclusion round of in-text screening by two reviewers, 53 articles met the inclusion criteria. Observational studies were included if they examined the relationship between any dietary factor and the prevalence/or development of MLTCs in community-dwelling adults.Publication dates of included research papers ranged from 2014 to 2023, with over half of studies published in the last three years. There was high variability between dietary assessment methods used: in the majority of studies (n=21, 39.6%) fruit and vegetable intake was the only diet-related variable reported. <jats:italic>A priori</jats:italic> diet quality scores were used in n=15 (28.3%) studies and n=6 (11.3%) studies used <jats:italic>a posteriori</jats:italic> approaches to identify dietary patterns, n=11 used other methods (20.8%). Only n=3 (5.7%) studies also focussed on micronutrients. MLTCs were generally defined as presence of ≥2 chronic conditions by most papers, however the number of qualifying conditions ranged from 2-60 conditions.Overall, 60.4% (n=32) of studies were cross-sectional with various dietary components and patterns showing either mixed results, (n=10, 31.3%), no association (n=5, 15.6%) or inverse associations (n=12, 37.5%), i.e. higher diet score/adherence/consumption of diet components was associated with lower MLTCs, to positive relationships e.g. individuals with MLTCs consumed higher intakes of fruit and vegetables (n=5, 15.6%). Varying results were also found in longitudinal studies (n= 21, 39.6%). Some studies found inverse associations (n=8, 38.1%) i.e. higher adherence/more healthy food consumption was associated with lower MLTCs. However, other studies showed either no significant association (n=4, 19%), mixed results (n=5, 23.8%) or positive associations (n=4, 19.1%).The evidence relating MLTCs to dietary intakes is relatively recent with most studie
{"title":"Associations between dietary intake and multiple long term conditions in adults: A scoping review","authors":"M. Brandner, L. Zhang, A. MacGregor, M. Traka, A. Welch","doi":"10.1017/s0029665124004439","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0029665124004439","url":null,"abstract":"Multiple-long term conditions (MLTCs), also known as multimorbidity, are commonly defined as the presence of two or more long-term medical conditions in one individual<jats:sup>(1)</jats:sup>. More than half of all adults over 60 years are affected by multimorbidity worldwide<jats:sup>(2)</jats:sup> and its increasing prevalence demands a shift in focus for research and healthcare towards multiple clusters of disease, rather than single conditions<jats:sup>(3)</jats:sup>.Current epidemiological evidence on diet as preventative lifestyle factor in relation to MLTCs is limited<jats:sup>(4)</jats:sup>. Therefore we reviewed the existing evidence to summarise methods of assessment of diet and multimorbidity measure to identify further research needs in a scoping review.Medline, Embase, CINAHL, Web of Science and Scopus were searched systematically following the methodological approach for scoping reviews by PRISMA. The protocol was published on Open Science Framework under DOI10.17605/OSF.IO/9FP5D. The search yielded a total of 10,937 results. After de-duplication, title and abstract screening and a final inclusion round of in-text screening by two reviewers, 53 articles met the inclusion criteria. Observational studies were included if they examined the relationship between any dietary factor and the prevalence/or development of MLTCs in community-dwelling adults.Publication dates of included research papers ranged from 2014 to 2023, with over half of studies published in the last three years. There was high variability between dietary assessment methods used: in the majority of studies (n=21, 39.6%) fruit and vegetable intake was the only diet-related variable reported. <jats:italic>A priori</jats:italic> diet quality scores were used in n=15 (28.3%) studies and n=6 (11.3%) studies used <jats:italic>a posteriori</jats:italic> approaches to identify dietary patterns, n=11 used other methods (20.8%). Only n=3 (5.7%) studies also focussed on micronutrients. MLTCs were generally defined as presence of ≥2 chronic conditions by most papers, however the number of qualifying conditions ranged from 2-60 conditions.Overall, 60.4% (n=32) of studies were cross-sectional with various dietary components and patterns showing either mixed results, (n=10, 31.3%), no association (n=5, 15.6%) or inverse associations (n=12, 37.5%), i.e. higher diet score/adherence/consumption of diet components was associated with lower MLTCs, to positive relationships e.g. individuals with MLTCs consumed higher intakes of fruit and vegetables (n=5, 15.6%). Varying results were also found in longitudinal studies (n= 21, 39.6%). Some studies found inverse associations (n=8, 38.1%) i.e. higher adherence/more healthy food consumption was associated with lower MLTCs. However, other studies showed either no significant association (n=4, 19%), mixed results (n=5, 23.8%) or positive associations (n=4, 19.1%).The evidence relating MLTCs to dietary intakes is relatively recent with most studie","PeriodicalId":20751,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Nutrition Society","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141527182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-03DOI: 10.1017/s0029665124004518
E. O’Bree, I. Soyiri, A. Johnstone
It is widely accepted that meeting recommended protein intake is protective of muscle mass<jats:sup>(1)</jats:sup>. Insufficient intake is related to accelerated sarcopenia and impaired physical function, contributing to increased mortality and morbidity. The recommended target set by the American dietary guidelines is 0.8 g of protein per kg of body weight, based on data collated by the National Academies published in 2005<jats:sup>(2)</jats:sup>. Currently approximately 50% of women and 30% of men do not meet these targets<jats:sup>(3)</jats:sup>. It is of public interest to analyse current patterns of intake to allow for improved strategy through awareness of factors that impact protein intake.To investigate the factors which determine an individual’s protein intake and how they can be used to predict daily intake.A secondary data analysis of longitudinal data collected in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) between 2011 and 2020 has been carried out<jats:sup>(4)</jats:sup>. Data was accessed from the public domain on the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) website. The study protocol received approval from the research ethics review board of the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) of the CDC. Average protein intake has been calculated and participant demographics reported. STATA software has been used to carry out a bivariate regression of factors associated with protein intake, an adjusted multivariate regression analysis and a parsimonious model.19601 participants (52.4% women) aged 20 and over had valid protein data. Adjusted regression analysis generated three model fits, with the parsimonious model excluding BMI categories and household income had a statistically insignificant impact on protein intake. Men consumed 23.99g more protein per day compared to women (p<0.001: 95% CI 23.09 to 24.89). Individuals over 65 consumed 13.92g less protein per day compared to those aged 20-35 years old (p<0.001: 95% CI − 15.25 to −12.59). Mexican American individuals consumed 7.47g more protein than Non-Hispanic White individuals (p<0.001: 95% CI 5.89 to 9.04) and Non-Hispanic White individuals consumed 2.95g more protein compared to non-Hispanic Black individuals (p<0.001: 95% CI 4.13 to 1.77). Those with the lowest educational attainment consumed 10.77g less protein compared to individuals with a college degree (p<0.001: 95% CI −12.79 to −8.74). From 2011 to 2020, there was a gradual decline in protein intake which is statistically significant when comparing 2011/12 with 2015/16 and 2017/2020.Protein intake can be predicted by an individual’s gender, age, ethnicity, level of education attainment and time period. This study informs policymakers that individuals aged 65 and above are at risk of insufficient protein intake and there has been a general decrease in protein consumption over time. This provides evidence to support initiatives focused on this age category to maximise change and r
人们普遍认为，达到推荐的蛋白质摄入量可保护肌肉质量(1)。蛋白质摄入不足会加速肌肉疏松症和损害身体机能，导致死亡率和发病率上升。根据美国国家科学院 2005 年发布的数据整理，美国膳食指南的建议目标是每公斤体重摄入 0.8 克蛋白质（2）。目前，约有 50% 的女性和 30% 的男性达不到这一目标(3)。对当前的摄入模式进行分析，以便通过了解影响蛋白质摄入量的因素来改进策略，这是一项关乎公众利益的工作。数据来自美国疾病控制和预防中心（CDC）网站的公共领域。研究方案获得了美国疾病预防控制中心国家卫生统计中心（NCHS）研究伦理审查委员会的批准。已计算出平均蛋白质摄入量，并报告了参与者的人口统计数据。研究人员使用 STATA 软件对蛋白质摄入量的相关因素进行了二元回归分析、调整后的多元回归分析和解析模型。调整回归分析产生了三个拟合模型，其中解析模型排除了体重指数（BMI）类别，家庭收入对蛋白质摄入量的影响在统计学上并不显著。与女性相比，男性每天多摄入 23.99 克蛋白质（p<0.001：95% CI 23.09 至 24.89）。与 20-35 岁的人相比，65 岁以上的人每天少摄入 13.92 克蛋白质（p<0.001：95% CI - 15.25 至 -12.59）。墨西哥裔美国人比非西班牙裔白人多摄入 7.47 克蛋白质（p<0.001：95% CI 5.89 至 9.04），非西班牙裔白人比非西班牙裔黑人多摄入 2.95 克蛋白质（p<0.001：95% CI 4.13 至 1.77）。教育程度最低的人与拥有大学学位的人相比，蛋白质摄入量要少 10.77 克（p<0.001：95% CI -12.79 至 -8.74）。从 2011 年到 2020 年，蛋白质摄入量逐渐下降，2011/12 年与 2015/16 年和 2017/2020 年相比，蛋白质摄入量下降具有统计学意义。这项研究告诉政策制定者，65 岁及以上人群面临蛋白质摄入不足的风险，而且随着时间的推移，蛋白质摄入量普遍下降。这为支持针对这一年龄段人群的措施提供了证据，以最大限度地改变和降低肌肉疏松症的发病率。
{"title":"Investigating predictors of protein intake in an adult population utilising the National Health and Nutrition Examination (NHANES) Survey in the United States","authors":"E. O’Bree, I. Soyiri, A. Johnstone","doi":"10.1017/s0029665124004518","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0029665124004518","url":null,"abstract":"It is widely accepted that meeting recommended protein intake is protective of muscle mass<jats:sup>(1)</jats:sup>. Insufficient intake is related to accelerated sarcopenia and impaired physical function, contributing to increased mortality and morbidity. The recommended target set by the American dietary guidelines is 0.8 g of protein per kg of body weight, based on data collated by the National Academies published in 2005<jats:sup>(2)</jats:sup>. Currently approximately 50% of women and 30% of men do not meet these targets<jats:sup>(3)</jats:sup>. It is of public interest to analyse current patterns of intake to allow for improved strategy through awareness of factors that impact protein intake.To investigate the factors which determine an individual’s protein intake and how they can be used to predict daily intake.A secondary data analysis of longitudinal data collected in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) between 2011 and 2020 has been carried out<jats:sup>(4)</jats:sup>. Data was accessed from the public domain on the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) website. The study protocol received approval from the research ethics review board of the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) of the CDC. Average protein intake has been calculated and participant demographics reported. STATA software has been used to carry out a bivariate regression of factors associated with protein intake, an adjusted multivariate regression analysis and a parsimonious model.19601 participants (52.4% women) aged 20 and over had valid protein data. Adjusted regression analysis generated three model fits, with the parsimonious model excluding BMI categories and household income had a statistically insignificant impact on protein intake. Men consumed 23.99g more protein per day compared to women (p<0.001: 95% CI 23.09 to 24.89). Individuals over 65 consumed 13.92g less protein per day compared to those aged 20-35 years old (p<0.001: 95% CI − 15.25 to −12.59). Mexican American individuals consumed 7.47g more protein than Non-Hispanic White individuals (p<0.001: 95% CI 5.89 to 9.04) and Non-Hispanic White individuals consumed 2.95g more protein compared to non-Hispanic Black individuals (p<0.001: 95% CI 4.13 to 1.77). Those with the lowest educational attainment consumed 10.77g less protein compared to individuals with a college degree (p<0.001: 95% CI −12.79 to −8.74). From 2011 to 2020, there was a gradual decline in protein intake which is statistically significant when comparing 2011/12 with 2015/16 and 2017/2020.Protein intake can be predicted by an individual’s gender, age, ethnicity, level of education attainment and time period. This study informs policymakers that individuals aged 65 and above are at risk of insufficient protein intake and there has been a general decrease in protein consumption over time. This provides evidence to support initiatives focused on this age category to maximise change and r","PeriodicalId":20751,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Nutrition Society","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141527216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-03DOI: 10.1017/s0029665124004555
L. Ellis, C. Bosch, L. Dye
Obesity can increase the risk of diseases such as type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease(1). Glucose control is critical to both preventing and managing diabetes and can be achieved by enhancing secretion of insulin, limiting absorption of glucose from the gut and by upregulating the use of glucose in the muscles(2). Abnormalities in glucose management(3) and blood pressure control(4) are known to impair cognitive function. Epidemiological studies report an inverse risk of type 2 diabetes with increased intake of polyphenols. These data are also supported by in vitro and animal studies reporting positive effects of polyphenols on insulin sensitivity, carbohydrate digestion and glucose regulation(5). Here we aimed to evaluate postprandial glucose metabolism, blood pressure and cognitive function following a high carbohydrate meal accompanied by different doses of anthocyanin containing blueberry drinks.A double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-response study was designed and received ethical approval and 22 participants were recruited. Each participant attended four study days in a crossover design, separated by a minimum of 5 days during which, they consumed a high carbohydrate meal consisting of two slices of toast and one of three doses of blueberry beverage or a control beverage. Memory performance was assessed using the visual verbal learning test (VVLT), measured at baseline and 90 minutes post consumption. Glucose was monitored every 15 minutes using a continuous glucose monitor which was worn across 10 days, and blood pressure was assessed every 30 minutes for a period of 4 hours in the laboratory. Glucose area under the curve (AUC) were analysed using linear mixed models. Blood pressure and VVLT data were analysed using repeated measures ANOVA.The analysis was performed blind to condition. In total, 22 participants completed all four study visits (mean age 28 ± 5.9, mean weight 61kg ± 10.4, mean height, 1.64m ± 0.9, mean BMI 22.7 ± 2.27, N=20 female, N=2 male). There was a significant effect of treatment on total words recalled in the VVLT with best performance following condition B compared to condition C, and condition D compared to condition C (p < 0.05). Condition B also resulted in significant systolic blood pressure lowering compared to condition C (-2.47mmHg, P <0.003). There was no effect of treatment on area under the curve for glucose over 3 hours postprandial (p > 0.05).Taken together these results suggest that condition B conferred greatest benefit for memory performance and that this was associated with anthocyanin related effects on systolic blood pressure.This study was funded by the Wild Blueberry Association of North America (WBANA).
肥胖会增加罹患 2 型糖尿病和心血管疾病等疾病的风险(1)。血糖控制对预防和控制糖尿病至关重要，可通过加强胰岛素分泌、限制肠道对葡萄糖的吸收以及提高肌肉对葡萄糖的利用来实现(2)。众所周知，葡萄糖管理(3) 和血压控制(4) 的异常会损害认知功能。流行病学研究报告显示，多酚摄入量的增加会降低 2 型糖尿病的风险。多酚对胰岛素敏感性、碳水化合物消化和葡萄糖调节的积极作用（5）也得到了体外和动物研究报告的支持。我们设计了一项双盲、安慰剂对照、剂量反应研究，并获得了伦理批准，招募了 22 名参与者。每位参与者以交叉设计的方式参加了四天的研究，至少间隔 5 天，在此期间，他们食用了由两片烤面包和三种剂量的蓝莓饮料或对照饮料中的一种组成的高碳水化合物膳食。使用视觉言语学习测试（VVLT）评估记忆表现，分别在基线和饮用后 90 分钟进行测量。使用连续血糖监测仪每 15 分钟监测一次血糖，连续佩戴 10 天；在实验室中每 30 分钟评估一次血压，持续 4 小时。使用线性混合模型对葡萄糖曲线下面积（AUC）进行分析。血压和 VVLT 数据采用重复测量方差分析。共有 22 名参与者完成了全部四次研究访问（平均年龄 28 ± 5.9，平均体重 61 kg ± 10.4，平均身高 1.64m ± 0.9，平均体重指数 22.7 ± 2.27，女性 20 人，男性 2 人）。治疗对 VVLT 的总词汇量有明显影响，与条件 C 相比，条件 B 的成绩最好；与条件 C 相比，条件 D 的成绩最好（p < 0.05）。与条件 C 相比，条件 B 还能显著降低收缩压（-2.47mmHg，P <0.003）。总之，这些结果表明，条件 B 对记忆表现的益处最大，这与花青素对收缩压的影响有关。
{"title":"A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial to assess dose-dependent effects of blueberries on blood pressure, glucose and cognition","authors":"L. Ellis, C. Bosch, L. Dye","doi":"10.1017/s0029665124004555","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0029665124004555","url":null,"abstract":"Obesity can increase the risk of diseases such as type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease<jats:sup>(1)</jats:sup>. Glucose control is critical to both preventing and managing diabetes and can be achieved by enhancing secretion of insulin, limiting absorption of glucose from the gut and by upregulating the use of glucose in the muscles<jats:sup>(2)</jats:sup>. Abnormalities in glucose management<jats:sup>(3)</jats:sup> and blood pressure control<jats:sup>(4)</jats:sup> are known to impair cognitive function. Epidemiological studies report an inverse risk of type 2 diabetes with increased intake of polyphenols. These data are also supported by <jats:italic>in vitro</jats:italic> and animal studies reporting positive effects of polyphenols on insulin sensitivity, carbohydrate digestion and glucose regulation<jats:sup>(5)</jats:sup>. Here we aimed to evaluate postprandial glucose metabolism, blood pressure and cognitive function following a high carbohydrate meal accompanied by different doses of anthocyanin containing blueberry drinks.A double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-response study was designed and received ethical approval and 22 participants were recruited. Each participant attended four study days in a crossover design, separated by a minimum of 5 days during which, they consumed a high carbohydrate meal consisting of two slices of toast and one of three doses of blueberry beverage or a control beverage. Memory performance was assessed using the visual verbal learning test (VVLT), measured at baseline and 90 minutes post consumption. Glucose was monitored every 15 minutes using a continuous glucose monitor which was worn across 10 days, and blood pressure was assessed every 30 minutes for a period of 4 hours in the laboratory. Glucose area under the curve (AUC) were analysed using linear mixed models. Blood pressure and VVLT data were analysed using repeated measures ANOVA.The analysis was performed blind to condition. In total, 22 participants completed all four study visits (mean age 28 ± 5.9, mean weight 61kg ± 10.4, mean height, 1.64m ± 0.9, mean BMI 22.7 ± 2.27, N=20 female, N=2 male). There was a significant effect of treatment on total words recalled in the VVLT with best performance following condition B compared to condition C, and condition D compared to condition C (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> < 0.05). Condition B also resulted in significant systolic blood pressure lowering compared to condition C (-2.47mmHg, P <0.003). There was no effect of treatment on area under the curve for glucose over 3 hours postprandial (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> > 0.05).Taken together these results suggest that condition B conferred greatest benefit for memory performance and that this was associated with anthocyanin related effects on systolic blood pressure.This study was funded by the Wild Blueberry Association of North America (WBANA).","PeriodicalId":20751,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Nutrition Society","volume":"60 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141527219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-03DOI: 10.1017/s002966512400421x
D.N Farsi, A. Nelson, G. Koutsidis, D.M Commane
The fungal cell wall facilitates an immune response and may be involved in intestinal immune training <jats:sup>(1,2)</jats:sup>. It is also fermentable by the gut microbiome, thus, consumption of fungi changes gut microbial ecology <jats:sup>(3)</jats:sup>. Yet, the specific effects of consuming fungal foods on the gut mycobiota (i.e., gut fungi) have not been well studied. An interesting case study is mycoprotein, a fungal based protein produced from Fusarium Venenatum <jats:sup>(4)</jats:sup>. We have previously reported that mycoprotein consumption attenuates faecal water genotoxicity, a surrogate marker of colorectal cancer risk, as well as modulates faecal metabolite excretion and gut bacterial composition <jats:sup>(5)</jats:sup>. Here, we aimed to evaluate the impact of consuming a diet high in mycoprotein on gut mycobial ecology, and to explore relationships between mycobial composition and faecal genotoxicity.Here we leverage stool samples from Mycomeat: a randomised crossover-controlled trial, recruiting 20 healthy male adults to adhere to 2-week diets comprising 240 g/day of mycoprotein based foods or red and processed meat, separated by a 4-week washout. Internal transcriber spacer (ITS) sequencing was performed to characterise the mycobiota. Alpha diversity before and after study phases was compared using Wilcoxon tests. Beta diversity was compared by permutational multivariate analysis of variance (PERMANOVA) based on Bay-Curtis dissimilarities. Differences in mycobial taxa within and between study phases were compared using Wilcoxon tests. Changes in mycobiota composition was then regressed against faecal excretion of metabolites using mixed- effects models to understand the impact of myco-ecology on the wider colonic environment. Finally, given the abundance of mycobial genotoxins in nature, we regressed mycobial taxa against faecal water genotoxicity.There were significant shifts in the abundance of several taxa following both diets. Notably, mycoprotein consumption was associated with an increase in the abundance of Malasseziales sp. (<jats:italic>P</jats:italic> = 0.02) and a reduction in Candida Albicans (<jats:italic>P</jats:italic> = 0.01). Meat consumption was associated with an increase in Phaeoacremonium Tuscanum (<jats:italic>P</jats:italic> = 0.01) and Rhodotorula Mucilaginosa (<jats:italic>P</jats:italic> = 0.008), and reduction in Penicillium Commune (<jats:italic>P</jats:italic> = 0.02). In addition, Aspergillus Caesiellus was associated with lower faecal genotoxicity (<jats:italic>P</jats:italic> = 0.04), whereas Penicillium Commune (<jats:italic>P</jats:italic> = 0.04) and Penicillium Olsonii (<jats:italic>P</jats:italic> = 0.03) were both associated with higher genotoxicity. Regressing mycobial taxa against faecal metabolites revealed a number of significant associations, including between Penicillium Commune and austdiol, a putative mycotoxin (<jats:italic>P</jats:italic> < 0.001) as well as 1-methyladenine,
{"title":"A high-fungi diet differentially attenuates the gut mycobiota relative to a high meat diet; consequences for chronic disease risk?","authors":"D.N Farsi, A. Nelson, G. Koutsidis, D.M Commane","doi":"10.1017/s002966512400421x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s002966512400421x","url":null,"abstract":"The fungal cell wall facilitates an immune response and may be involved in intestinal immune training <jats:sup>(1,2)</jats:sup>. It is also fermentable by the gut microbiome, thus, consumption of fungi changes gut microbial ecology <jats:sup>(3)</jats:sup>. Yet, the specific effects of consuming fungal foods on the gut mycobiota (i.e., gut fungi) have not been well studied. An interesting case study is mycoprotein, a fungal based protein produced from Fusarium Venenatum <jats:sup>(4)</jats:sup>. We have previously reported that mycoprotein consumption attenuates faecal water genotoxicity, a surrogate marker of colorectal cancer risk, as well as modulates faecal metabolite excretion and gut bacterial composition <jats:sup>(5)</jats:sup>. Here, we aimed to evaluate the impact of consuming a diet high in mycoprotein on gut mycobial ecology, and to explore relationships between mycobial composition and faecal genotoxicity.Here we leverage stool samples from Mycomeat: a randomised crossover-controlled trial, recruiting 20 healthy male adults to adhere to 2-week diets comprising 240 g/day of mycoprotein based foods or red and processed meat, separated by a 4-week washout. Internal transcriber spacer (ITS) sequencing was performed to characterise the mycobiota. Alpha diversity before and after study phases was compared using Wilcoxon tests. Beta diversity was compared by permutational multivariate analysis of variance (PERMANOVA) based on Bay-Curtis dissimilarities. Differences in mycobial taxa within and between study phases were compared using Wilcoxon tests. Changes in mycobiota composition was then regressed against faecal excretion of metabolites using mixed- effects models to understand the impact of myco-ecology on the wider colonic environment. Finally, given the abundance of mycobial genotoxins in nature, we regressed mycobial taxa against faecal water genotoxicity.There were significant shifts in the abundance of several taxa following both diets. Notably, mycoprotein consumption was associated with an increase in the abundance of Malasseziales sp. (<jats:italic>P</jats:italic> = 0.02) and a reduction in Candida Albicans (<jats:italic>P</jats:italic> = 0.01). Meat consumption was associated with an increase in Phaeoacremonium Tuscanum (<jats:italic>P</jats:italic> = 0.01) and Rhodotorula Mucilaginosa (<jats:italic>P</jats:italic> = 0.008), and reduction in Penicillium Commune (<jats:italic>P</jats:italic> = 0.02). In addition, Aspergillus Caesiellus was associated with lower faecal genotoxicity (<jats:italic>P</jats:italic> = 0.04), whereas Penicillium Commune (<jats:italic>P</jats:italic> = 0.04) and Penicillium Olsonii (<jats:italic>P</jats:italic> = 0.03) were both associated with higher genotoxicity. Regressing mycobial taxa against faecal metabolites revealed a number of significant associations, including between Penicillium Commune and austdiol, a putative mycotoxin (<jats:italic>P</jats:italic> < 0.001) as well as 1-methyladenine, ","PeriodicalId":20751,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Nutrition Society","volume":"102 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141527434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-03DOI: 10.1017/s0029665124004634
N.D Mohd Nor, M. Che Mustafa, J. Bacotang
A diet high in fruit and vegetables is beneficial to reduce the risk of many diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, certain cancers and hypertension(1,2). However, reports show that vegetable consumption among children is still low. Intervention must be made to encourage children to eat more vegetables as a dietary pattern in childhood will determine a dietary pattern in adulthood(3). This current study investigated the effects of an e-storybook on children’s vegetable acceptance.Sixty-five parents and their children aged 4 to 7 years participated in this study and they were divided into 2 groups. Parents in an experimental group read an e-storybook about a target vegetable (asparagus) with their child for 10 days, while the control group did not receive an e-book. Parents in both groups were asked to offer the target vegetable and a match control vegetable (peas) before and after the intervention and record their child’s vegetable intake (measured using a 6-point scale) and liking (measured using a 6-point scale).In the experimental group, liking of target vegetable increased from 2.5 ± 1.5 to 3.0 ± 1.4 (p = 0.01), but not for control vegetable. There was a tendency that intake of target vegetable increased following exposure to the e-storybook, from 1.6 ± 1.6 to 1.9 ± 1.7 (p=0.052), but there was no significant increase in intake for control vegetable. While in the control group, there were no significant increases in intake and liking for both vegetables post-intervention. When comparing means between groups, there were no significant differences in intake and liking at pre-intervention, however at post-intervention, there was a significant difference in intake (p=0.02), where the intervention group had a higher intake than the control group by 0.9 ± 1.9. There was also a significant difference in liking between these groups at post-intervention (p=0.001), where the intervention group had a higher liking than the control group by 1.1 ± 1.8.Results suggest that e-storybooks are an effective strategy for parents to use to increase vegetable acceptance in children.
{"title":"The effectiveness of e-storybook on children’s vegetable acceptance","authors":"N.D Mohd Nor, M. Che Mustafa, J. Bacotang","doi":"10.1017/s0029665124004634","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0029665124004634","url":null,"abstract":"A diet high in fruit and vegetables is beneficial to reduce the risk of many diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, certain cancers and hypertension<jats:sup>(1,2)</jats:sup>. However, reports show that vegetable consumption among children is still low. Intervention must be made to encourage children to eat more vegetables as a dietary pattern in childhood will determine a dietary pattern in adulthood<jats:sup>(3)</jats:sup>. This current study investigated the effects of an e-storybook on children’s vegetable acceptance.Sixty-five parents and their children aged 4 to 7 years participated in this study and they were divided into 2 groups. Parents in an experimental group read an e-storybook about a target vegetable (asparagus) with their child for 10 days, while the control group did not receive an e-book. Parents in both groups were asked to offer the target vegetable and a match control vegetable (peas) before and after the intervention and record their child’s vegetable intake (measured using a 6-point scale) and liking (measured using a 6-point scale).In the experimental group, liking of target vegetable increased from 2.5 ± 1.5 to 3.0 ± 1.4 (p = 0.01), but not for control vegetable. There was a tendency that intake of target vegetable increased following exposure to the e-storybook, from 1.6 ± 1.6 to 1.9 ± 1.7 (p=0.052), but there was no significant increase in intake for control vegetable. While in the control group, there were no significant increases in intake and liking for both vegetables post-intervention. When comparing means between groups, there were no significant differences in intake and liking at pre-intervention, however at post-intervention, there was a significant difference in intake (p=0.02), where the intervention group had a higher intake than the control group by 0.9 ± 1.9. There was also a significant difference in liking between these groups at post-intervention (p=0.001), where the intervention group had a higher liking than the control group by 1.1 ± 1.8.Results suggest that e-storybooks are an effective strategy for parents to use to increase vegetable acceptance in children.","PeriodicalId":20751,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Nutrition Society","volume":"43 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141527466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-03DOI: 10.1017/s0029665124004427
P. Moitra, A. Balot, K. Panchal, J. Madan
Gastrointestinal (GI) disorders are becoming increasingly common in young people in India and globally <jats:sup>(1)</jats:sup>. Diet (eating habits, nutrient intake, and dietary diversity) and mental health (stress and anxiety levels) factors can independently and synergistically regulate gut health through dietary modulation of gut microbiota composition and gut-brain axis-related mechanistic pathways <jats:sup>(2-3)</jats:sup>. However, few studies have investigated the associations between diet, mental health, and GI-related disturbances. Hence, this observational study was conducted to explore the possible effects of eating behaviors and stress and anxiety symptoms on self-reported measures of gastrointestinal health among 18-45-year-old adults in India.A purposive cluster sampling method guided the recruitment of participants (n=407). Two non- consecutive day 24-hour diet recalls were conducted to estimate nutrient intakes and calculate Individual Diet Diversity (IDD) and Food Variety Scores (FVS). Gastrointestinal health was assessed using a validated instrument comprising 35 items related to gastric, small intestine, and colon function, and GI inflammation. Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10 scores 0 to 40 with higher scores representing higher levels of stress), and Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7 scores >5 (mild), >10 (moderate), and >15 (severe)) were used to evaluate perceived stress and anxiety <jats:sup>(4-5)</jats:sup>. Socioeconomic status and eating habits were self-reported and the anthropometry measurements were recorded. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed using sociodemographic characteristics, anthropometry measurements, eating habits, and stress and anxiety levels as independent (predictor) variables, and composite gastrointestinal health risk scores as the dependent variables.Participants reported mild anxiety (mean (M) = 7.09, standard deviation (SD)= 3.25) and moderate stress (M=18.44; SD= 9.89) with preponderance among females, higher age groups (> 35 years), and lower socioeconomic status. Overall, 38.8% and 45.3% were at high-risk score categories for gastric function and GI inflammation respectively. Higher energy and fat consumption, frequent breakfast skipping, and lower IDDS and FVS scores were associated with higher scores for stress and anxiety. Moreover, participants having moderate to severe anxiety reported a higher frequency of GI symptoms such as indigestion (M= 3.23 SD= 2.1-4.6, p= 0.023), excessive belching (M= 2.36 SD =1.21, p=0.043), and post-meal lower abdominal discomfort and cramps (M= 3.07, SD = 2.22, p < 0.001) as compared to those having nominal/mild anxiety. Age-adjusted regression models showed higher waist circumference (OR= 4.69, 95% CI =1.33- 7.28, p= 0.034), and stress scores (OR= 1.66, 95% CI= 1.32-1.90, p = 0.042), lower IDDS (OR= 2.34, 95% CI=1.80- 2.91, p <0.001) and presence of > 2 co-morbid conditions (OR= 8.12, 95% CI = 5.34- 11.21, p &l
{"title":"Exploring associations between eating habits, gastrointestinal health and perceived stress and anxiety symptoms in adults","authors":"P. Moitra, A. Balot, K. Panchal, J. Madan","doi":"10.1017/s0029665124004427","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0029665124004427","url":null,"abstract":"Gastrointestinal (GI) disorders are becoming increasingly common in young people in India and globally <jats:sup>(1)</jats:sup>. Diet (eating habits, nutrient intake, and dietary diversity) and mental health (stress and anxiety levels) factors can independently and synergistically regulate gut health through dietary modulation of gut microbiota composition and gut-brain axis-related mechanistic pathways <jats:sup>(2-3)</jats:sup>. However, few studies have investigated the associations between diet, mental health, and GI-related disturbances. Hence, this observational study was conducted to explore the possible effects of eating behaviors and stress and anxiety symptoms on self-reported measures of gastrointestinal health among 18-45-year-old adults in India.A purposive cluster sampling method guided the recruitment of participants (n=407). Two non- consecutive day 24-hour diet recalls were conducted to estimate nutrient intakes and calculate Individual Diet Diversity (IDD) and Food Variety Scores (FVS). Gastrointestinal health was assessed using a validated instrument comprising 35 items related to gastric, small intestine, and colon function, and GI inflammation. Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10 scores 0 to 40 with higher scores representing higher levels of stress), and Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7 scores >5 (mild), >10 (moderate), and >15 (severe)) were used to evaluate perceived stress and anxiety <jats:sup>(4-5)</jats:sup>. Socioeconomic status and eating habits were self-reported and the anthropometry measurements were recorded. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed using sociodemographic characteristics, anthropometry measurements, eating habits, and stress and anxiety levels as independent (predictor) variables, and composite gastrointestinal health risk scores as the dependent variables.Participants reported mild anxiety (mean (M) = 7.09, standard deviation (SD)= 3.25) and moderate stress (M=18.44; SD= 9.89) with preponderance among females, higher age groups (> 35 years), and lower socioeconomic status. Overall, 38.8% and 45.3% were at high-risk score categories for gastric function and GI inflammation respectively. Higher energy and fat consumption, frequent breakfast skipping, and lower IDDS and FVS scores were associated with higher scores for stress and anxiety. Moreover, participants having moderate to severe anxiety reported a higher frequency of GI symptoms such as indigestion (M= 3.23 SD= 2.1-4.6, p= 0.023), excessive belching (M= 2.36 SD =1.21, p=0.043), and post-meal lower abdominal discomfort and cramps (M= 3.07, SD = 2.22, p < 0.001) as compared to those having nominal/mild anxiety. Age-adjusted regression models showed higher waist circumference (OR= 4.69, 95% CI =1.33- 7.28, p= 0.034), and stress scores (OR= 1.66, 95% CI= 1.32-1.90, p = 0.042), lower IDDS (OR= 2.34, 95% CI=1.80- 2.91, p <0.001) and presence of > 2 co-morbid conditions (OR= 8.12, 95% CI = 5.34- 11.21, p &l","PeriodicalId":20751,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Nutrition Society","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141527180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-03DOI: 10.1017/s0029665124004452
T. Almesbehi, M. Alblaji, C. Edwards, D. Malkova
Restriction of energy intake is an effective strategy for achieving body mass loss(1). However, it leads to gastrointestinal appetite hormonal changes, which are expected to enhance hunger, reduce satiety, and possibly impair the ability to comply with prescribed intervention(2). Exercise interventions, on the other hand, did not modify gastrointestinal appetite hormones(3) and there is some evidence that postprandial appetite hormone responses after a low carbohydrate-high fat meal (LCHF) are more favorable than after high carbohydrate-low fat meal (HCLF) meal (4). This study investigated how energy-restricted diets based on LCHF and HCLF meals and combined with exercise affect body weight, and gastrointestinal appetite hormones and explored the relationship between body mass changes and changes in gastrointestinal appetite hormones.Twenty-seven overweight and obese females (age: 35 ± 9.35 years, BMI: 31.64 ± 5.08 kg/m2) completed a randomized parallel design study and underwent a 4-week intervention consisting of brisk walking combined with either consumption of calorie-restricted HCLF or LCHF diet. Participants underwent a 5-hour experimental trial before and after the interventions, which included body weight measurements and fasting and postprandial blood sample collection for gastrointestinal appetite hormone measurements.Both interventions significantly reduced body mass (HCLF group, −2.1 ± 1.7 Kg: LCHF group, -1.7 ± 1.7 Kg, P < 0.05 for both groups), but changes between the groups were not significant (P>0.05). Body mass changes were individual and ranged from -0.4 kg to −5.3 kg and from +1 kg to −4.4 kg in the HCLF and LCHF groups, respectively. The interventions had no impact on mean values of time- averaged postprandial concentrations of ghrelin, PYY, and GLP-1 but there was large individual variability in changes of these hormones. Results combined from both groups revealed that changes in ghrelin ranged from +549.3 to -407.7 pg/ml, in PYY from −132.5 to + 96.4 pg/ml and in GLP-1 from −6.6 to +19.5 pg/ml. Correlation, investigated on the data from both groups combined, between changes in body mass and changes in ghrelin (r = −0.18, P= 0.41), PYY (r = −0.04, P =0.87), and GLP-1 (r = 0.11, P = 0.64) were not significant.In conclusion, the extent of body mass loss during interventions based on restricted energy intake diets combined with exercise is not related to the carbohydrate and fat content of the diet. Our findings also suggest that the success of body mass loss cannot be predicted by changes in postprandial concentrations of gastrointestinal appetite hormones.
{"title":"Role of gastrointestinal appetite hormones in the success of body mass loss during interventions based on exercise combined with restricted energy intake diets with different fat and carbohydrate content","authors":"T. Almesbehi, M. Alblaji, C. Edwards, D. Malkova","doi":"10.1017/s0029665124004452","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0029665124004452","url":null,"abstract":"Restriction of energy intake is an effective strategy for achieving body mass loss<jats:sup>(1).</jats:sup> However, it leads to gastrointestinal appetite hormonal changes, which are expected to enhance hunger, reduce satiety, and possibly impair the ability to comply with prescribed intervention<jats:sup>(2)</jats:sup>. Exercise interventions, on the other hand, did not modify gastrointestinal appetite hormones<jats:sup>(3)</jats:sup> and there is some evidence that postprandial appetite hormone responses after a low carbohydrate-high fat meal (LCHF) are more favorable than after high carbohydrate-low fat meal (HCLF) meal <jats:sup>(4).</jats:sup> This study investigated how energy-restricted diets based on LCHF and HCLF meals and combined with exercise affect body weight, and gastrointestinal appetite hormones and explored the relationship between body mass changes and changes in gastrointestinal appetite hormones.Twenty-seven overweight and obese females (age: 35 ± 9.35 years, BMI: 31.64 ± 5.08 kg/m<jats:sup>2</jats:sup>) completed a randomized parallel design study and underwent a 4-week intervention consisting of brisk walking combined with either consumption of calorie-restricted HCLF or LCHF diet. Participants underwent a 5-hour experimental trial before and after the interventions, which included body weight measurements and fasting and postprandial blood sample collection for gastrointestinal appetite hormone measurements.Both interventions significantly reduced body mass (HCLF group, −2.1 ± 1.7 Kg: LCHF group, -1.7 ± 1.7 Kg, P < 0.05 for both groups), but changes between the groups were not significant (P>0.05). Body mass changes were individual and ranged from -0.4 kg to −5.3 kg and from +1 kg to −4.4 kg in the HCLF and LCHF groups, respectively. The interventions had no impact on mean values of time- averaged postprandial concentrations of ghrelin, PYY, and GLP-1 but there was large individual variability in changes of these hormones. Results combined from both groups revealed that changes in ghrelin ranged from +549.3 to -407.7 pg/ml, in PYY from −132.5 to + 96.4 pg/ml and in GLP-1 from −6.6 to +19.5 pg/ml. Correlation, investigated on the data from both groups combined, between changes in body mass and changes in ghrelin (r = −0.18, P= 0.41), PYY (r = −0.04, P =0.87), and GLP-1 (r = 0.11, P = 0.64) were not significant.In conclusion, the extent of body mass loss during interventions based on restricted energy intake diets combined with exercise is not related to the carbohydrate and fat content of the diet. Our findings also suggest that the success of body mass loss cannot be predicted by changes in postprandial concentrations of gastrointestinal appetite hormones.","PeriodicalId":20751,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Nutrition Society","volume":"201 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141527183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-03DOI: 10.1017/s0029665124004233
J. Gonzalez, S. Carter, B. Spellanzon, L. Bradshaw, E. Johnson, F. Koumanov, J. A. Betts, D. Thompson, L. Hodson
Fructose-containing sugars can exaggerate postprandial lipaemia and stimulate hepatic de novo lipogenesis (DNL) when compared to glucose-based carbohydrates(1). Galactose has recently been shown to increase postprandial lipaemia compared to glucose(2), but mechanisms remain uncharacterised. The aim of this study was to assess the effect and mechanisms of lactose-induced lipaemia.Twenty-four non-obese adults (12 male and 12 female) completed three trials in a randomised, crossover design (28 ± 7-day washout). During trials, participants consumed test drinks containing 50 g fat with 100 g of carbohydrate. The control carbohydrate was a glucose polymer (maltodextrin), the experimental carbohydrate was galactose-containing carbohydrate (lactose) and the active comparator was fructose-containing carbohydrate (sucrose). Hepatic DNL was assessed by the 2H2O method and [U-13C]-palmitate was added to the test drink to trace the fate of the ingested fat. Blood and breath samples were taken to determine plasma metabolite and hormone concentrations, in addition to plasma and breath 2H and 13C enrichments. Data were converted into incremental under the curve (iAUC) and were checked for normality by visual inspection of residuals. Differences between trials were assessed by one-way ANOVA. Where a main effect of trial was detected, post- hoc t-tests were performed to determine which trials differed from lactose according to the principle of closed-loop testing.The plasma triacylglycerol iAUC (mean ± SD) in response to maltodextrin was 51 ± 68 mmol/L*360 min. Following lactose ingestion, plasma triacylglycerol iAUC increased to 98 ± 88 mmol/L*360 min (p<0.001 vs maltodextrin), which was comparable to sucrose [90 ± 95 mmol/L*360 min (p=0.41 vs lactose)]. Hepatic DNL in response to maltodextrin was 6.6 ± 3.0%. Following ingestion of lactose, hepatic DNL increased to 12.4 ± 6.9% (p=0.02 vs maltodextrin), which was comparable to sucrose [12.2 ± 6.9% (p=0.96 vs lactose)]. Exhaled 13CO2 in response to maltodextrin was 10.4 ± 4.1 mmol/kgFFM*360 min. Following ingestion of lactose, exhaled 13CO2 was 8.8 ± 4.9 mmol/kgFFM*360 min (p=0.09 vs maltodextrin), which was lower than sucrose [11.1 ± 3.9 mmol/kgFFM*360 min (p=0.01 vs lactose)].These data are consistent with the hypothesis that hepatic de novo lipogenesis contributes to both lactose and sucrose-induced lipaemia and provide a rationale to investigate the longer-term effects of lactose and sucrose on metabolism.
{"title":"Mechanisms contributing to lactose and sucrose-induced postprandial lipaemia","authors":"J. Gonzalez, S. Carter, B. Spellanzon, L. Bradshaw, E. Johnson, F. Koumanov, J. A. Betts, D. Thompson, L. Hodson","doi":"10.1017/s0029665124004233","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0029665124004233","url":null,"abstract":"Fructose-containing sugars can exaggerate postprandial lipaemia and stimulate hepatic de novo lipogenesis (DNL) when compared to glucose-based carbohydrates<jats:sup>(1)</jats:sup>. Galactose has recently been shown to increase postprandial lipaemia compared to glucose<jats:sup>(2)</jats:sup>, but mechanisms remain uncharacterised. The aim of this study was to assess the effect and mechanisms of lactose-induced lipaemia.Twenty-four non-obese adults (12 male and 12 female) completed three trials in a randomised, crossover design (28 ± 7-day washout). During trials, participants consumed test drinks containing 50 g fat with 100 g of carbohydrate. The control carbohydrate was a glucose polymer (maltodextrin), the experimental carbohydrate was galactose-containing carbohydrate (lactose) and the active comparator was fructose-containing carbohydrate (sucrose). Hepatic DNL was assessed by the <jats:sup>2</jats:sup>H<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>O method and [U-<jats:sup>13</jats:sup>C]-palmitate was added to the test drink to trace the fate of the ingested fat. Blood and breath samples were taken to determine plasma metabolite and hormone concentrations, in addition to plasma and breath <jats:sup>2</jats:sup>H and <jats:sup>13</jats:sup>C enrichments. Data were converted into incremental under the curve (iAUC) and were checked for normality by visual inspection of residuals. Differences between trials were assessed by one-way ANOVA. Where a main effect of trial was detected, post- hoc t-tests were performed to determine which trials differed from lactose according to the principle of closed-loop testing.The plasma triacylglycerol iAUC (mean ± SD) in response to maltodextrin was 51 ± 68 mmol/L*360 min. Following lactose ingestion, plasma triacylglycerol iAUC increased to 98 ± 88 mmol/L*360 min (p<0.001 vs maltodextrin), which was comparable to sucrose [90 ± 95 mmol/L*360 min (p=0.41 vs lactose)]. Hepatic DNL in response to maltodextrin was 6.6 ± 3.0%. Following ingestion of lactose, hepatic DNL increased to 12.4 ± 6.9% (p=0.02 vs maltodextrin), which was comparable to sucrose [12.2 ± 6.9% (p=0.96 vs lactose)]. Exhaled <jats:sup>13</jats:sup>CO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> in response to maltodextrin was 10.4 ± 4.1 mmol/kgFFM*360 min. Following ingestion of lactose, exhaled <jats:sup>13</jats:sup>CO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> was 8.8 ± 4.9 mmol/kgFFM*360 min (p=0.09 vs maltodextrin), which was lower than sucrose [11.1 ± 3.9 mmol/kgFFM*360 min (p=0.01 vs lactose)].These data are consistent with the hypothesis that hepatic <jats:italic>de novo</jats:italic> lipogenesis contributes to both lactose and sucrose-induced lipaemia and provide a rationale to investigate the longer-term effects of lactose and sucrose on metabolism.","PeriodicalId":20751,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Nutrition Society","volume":"357 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141527307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-03DOI: 10.1017/s0029665124004300
L. Schinnenburg, R. Gibson
Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are the predominant cause of death in the UK<jats:sup>(1)</jats:sup> and place an economic burden on societies<jats:sup>(2)</jats:sup>. An unhealthy diet is one of the four main behavioural risk factors for NCDs<jats:sup>(3)</jats:sup> and thus, interventions targeting dietary behaviour are of particular interest in the prevention of NCDs. The workplace may be a valuable setting for these interventions as employees represent a large proportion of the population in the UK<jats:sup>(4)</jats:sup>. In the male population, NCDs and several risk factors typically manifest at a younger age<jats:sup>(5)</jats:sup> and, additionally, males participate less in health-promoting activities<jats:sup>(6)</jats:sup>.The aim of this scoping review was to identify and characterise the evidence base to determine if a future full systematic review on nutrition interventions in the workplace to improve health and well- being in males is feasible.The review was conducted adhering to the PRISMA guideline for Scoping Reviews<jats:sup>(7)</jats:sup>. Three electronic databases (Ovid, PubMed, and The Cochrane Library) were systematically searched for relevant publications responding to the research question from inception. No restrictions were made in the search and all study types were eligible. Articles that were not available in English were excluded from the review. Eligible studies were reviewed using a pre-defined data extraction form and references hand-searched for relevant publications. Data synthesis was focused on describing application-oriented aspects and outcome analyses were reduced to anthropometric outcomes.Of the 1,224 publications from the initial database search, 46 were included in the review, with an additional 15 studies identified from hand-searching, resulting in 61 included reports on 57 interventions. Four main approaches to nutrition interventions at the workplace were identified; educational, environmental, individual counselling, and meal provision/replacement. Most interventions used multicomponent approaches. One of the 61 included reports followed a qualitative design. Anthropometric outcomes were reported in the majority (83.6%) of studies, followed by bioclinical outcomes (45.9%), other outcomes were food (34.4%) and nutrient intake (22.9%), smoking habits (14.8%) and, one study reported on Quality of Life. Of the studies reporting anthropometric outcomes 69% reported to be effective in improving body weight, 47.8% BMI and 54.5% waist circumference. No determinants of successful interventions such as type, duration, workplace participation were identified.This review suggests that nutrition interventions at the workplace are effective in improving several anthropometric outcomes. A future full systematic review is feasible but should consider narrowing the research question to account for limitations in the current evidence base as differences in reporting of design, population, intervention, and outcom
{"title":"A systematic scoping review characterising studies investigating workplace nutritional interventions in male employees","authors":"L. Schinnenburg, R. Gibson","doi":"10.1017/s0029665124004300","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0029665124004300","url":null,"abstract":"Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are the predominant cause of death in the UK<jats:sup>(1)</jats:sup> and place an economic burden on societies<jats:sup>(2)</jats:sup>. An unhealthy diet is one of the four main behavioural risk factors for NCDs<jats:sup>(3)</jats:sup> and thus, interventions targeting dietary behaviour are of particular interest in the prevention of NCDs. The workplace may be a valuable setting for these interventions as employees represent a large proportion of the population in the UK<jats:sup>(4)</jats:sup>. In the male population, NCDs and several risk factors typically manifest at a younger age<jats:sup>(5)</jats:sup> and, additionally, males participate less in health-promoting activities<jats:sup>(6)</jats:sup>.The aim of this scoping review was to identify and characterise the evidence base to determine if a future full systematic review on nutrition interventions in the workplace to improve health and well- being in males is feasible.The review was conducted adhering to the PRISMA guideline for Scoping Reviews<jats:sup>(7)</jats:sup>. Three electronic databases (Ovid, PubMed, and The Cochrane Library) were systematically searched for relevant publications responding to the research question from inception. No restrictions were made in the search and all study types were eligible. Articles that were not available in English were excluded from the review. Eligible studies were reviewed using a pre-defined data extraction form and references hand-searched for relevant publications. Data synthesis was focused on describing application-oriented aspects and outcome analyses were reduced to anthropometric outcomes.Of the 1,224 publications from the initial database search, 46 were included in the review, with an additional 15 studies identified from hand-searching, resulting in 61 included reports on 57 interventions. Four main approaches to nutrition interventions at the workplace were identified; educational, environmental, individual counselling, and meal provision/replacement. Most interventions used multicomponent approaches. One of the 61 included reports followed a qualitative design. Anthropometric outcomes were reported in the majority (83.6%) of studies, followed by bioclinical outcomes (45.9%), other outcomes were food (34.4%) and nutrient intake (22.9%), smoking habits (14.8%) and, one study reported on Quality of Life. Of the studies reporting anthropometric outcomes 69% reported to be effective in improving body weight, 47.8% BMI and 54.5% waist circumference. No determinants of successful interventions such as type, duration, workplace participation were identified.This review suggests that nutrition interventions at the workplace are effective in improving several anthropometric outcomes. A future full systematic review is feasible but should consider narrowing the research question to account for limitations in the current evidence base as differences in reporting of design, population, intervention, and outcom","PeriodicalId":20751,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Nutrition Society","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141527435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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