A. Babin, M. Volkov, S. Garanin, S. A. Kovaldov, A. V. Kopalkin, F. Starikov, A. Strakhov, V. Feoktistov
Laser oscillation is obtained in caesium and rubidium atoms with wavelengths in the range of 2 – 5.5 μm under pumping to high-lying energy levels. Longitudinal resonant pumping is implemented using the second harmonic of radiation from an optical parametric oscillator. The pump wavelength is tuned over discrete levels from 8P to 10P in caesium atoms and from 6P to 8P in rubidium atoms. The width of the pump radiation spectrum is 12 cm−1. When caesium atoms are pumped, the pump pulse energy is no more than 10 mJ; when rubidium atoms are pumped, it does not exceed 3 mJ. The pulse repetition rate is 10 Hz. The maximum output energy of IR laser radiation upon pumping the 9P3/2 level of caesium atoms is about 100 μJ at a cell temperature of ∼170°C, while the efficiency of pump conversion into radiation energy with a wavelength λ ∼ 3.1 μm turns out to be ∼1 %. For rubidium atoms, an estimate of the output energy of IR radiation gives a value of ∼80 μJ at a cell temperature of 180 °C, which corresponds to an energy efficiency of ∼2.7 %.
{"title":"IR laser oscillation on caesium and rubidium atomic transitions upon pumping to high-lying energy levels","authors":"A. Babin, M. Volkov, S. Garanin, S. A. Kovaldov, A. V. Kopalkin, F. Starikov, A. Strakhov, V. Feoktistov","doi":"10.1070/qel18021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1070/qel18021","url":null,"abstract":"Laser oscillation is obtained in caesium and rubidium atoms with wavelengths in the range of 2 – 5.5 μm under pumping to high-lying energy levels. Longitudinal resonant pumping is implemented using the second harmonic of radiation from an optical parametric oscillator. The pump wavelength is tuned over discrete levels from 8P to 10P in caesium atoms and from 6P to 8P in rubidium atoms. The width of the pump radiation spectrum is 12 cm−1. When caesium atoms are pumped, the pump pulse energy is no more than 10 mJ; when rubidium atoms are pumped, it does not exceed 3 mJ. The pulse repetition rate is 10 Hz. The maximum output energy of IR laser radiation upon pumping the 9P3/2 level of caesium atoms is about 100 μJ at a cell temperature of ∼170°C, while the efficiency of pump conversion into radiation energy with a wavelength λ ∼ 3.1 μm turns out to be ∼1 %. For rubidium atoms, an estimate of the output energy of IR radiation gives a value of ∼80 μJ at a cell temperature of 180 °C, which corresponds to an energy efficiency of ∼2.7 %.","PeriodicalId":20775,"journal":{"name":"Quantum Electronics","volume":"45 1","pages":"351 - 358"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87848321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Ignatovich, M. Skvortsov, I. Mesenzova, N. L. Kvashnin, V. Vishnyakov, D. Brazhnikov, S. Bagayev
Experimental parameters of the resonance of coherent population trapping (CTP) on D1 line in 87Rb and light shifts are compared under modulation of the laser pump current at frequencies of 3.4 and 6.8 GHz. Reproducibility of the parameters of a laser with a vertical cavity needed for long-term stability of an atomic clock is considered. The instabilities of atomic CPT-clock obtained for 1 s are 1.2 × 10−11 and 3 × 10−12 for frequencies of 3.4 GHz and 6.8 GHz, respectively.
{"title":"Comparison of field shifts in an atomic clock based on the effect of coherent population trapping in 87Rb atoms under modulation of laser pump current at frequencies of 3.4 and 6.8 GHz","authors":"S. Ignatovich, M. Skvortsov, I. Mesenzova, N. L. Kvashnin, V. Vishnyakov, D. Brazhnikov, S. Bagayev","doi":"10.1070/qel18023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1070/qel18023","url":null,"abstract":"Experimental parameters of the resonance of coherent population trapping (CTP) on D1 line in 87Rb and light shifts are compared under modulation of the laser pump current at frequencies of 3.4 and 6.8 GHz. Reproducibility of the parameters of a laser with a vertical cavity needed for long-term stability of an atomic clock is considered. The instabilities of atomic CPT-clock obtained for 1 s are 1.2 × 10−11 and 3 × 10−12 for frequencies of 3.4 GHz and 6.8 GHz, respectively.","PeriodicalId":20775,"journal":{"name":"Quantum Electronics","volume":"26 1","pages":"386 - 390"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75636468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A model of the interference of fields from backscattering point sources in a ring optical resonator is presented. Examples of calculations of complex coupling coefficients in ring resonators of laser gyroscopes are given. Comparison of the calculation results with the results of model experiments demonstrates good agreement and makes it possible to determine dissipative and conservative backscattering components of individual resonator mirrors. The possibilities of reducing the dissipative and conservative backscattering components in the process of ring resonator alignment are discussed.
{"title":"A model for the formation of complex coupling coefficients in a ring resonator of a laser gyroscope","authors":"E. A. Petrukhin, A. S. Bessonov","doi":"10.1070/QEL18019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1070/QEL18019","url":null,"abstract":"A model of the interference of fields from backscattering point sources in a ring optical resonator is presented. Examples of calculations of complex coupling coefficients in ring resonators of laser gyroscopes are given. Comparison of the calculation results with the results of model experiments demonstrates good agreement and makes it possible to determine dissipative and conservative backscattering components of individual resonator mirrors. The possibilities of reducing the dissipative and conservative backscattering components in the process of ring resonator alignment are discussed.","PeriodicalId":20775,"journal":{"name":"Quantum Electronics","volume":"72 1","pages":"391 - 401"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80889558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. B. D’yachkov, A. A. Gorkunov, A. V. Labozin, S. Mironov, V. A. Firsov, G. O. Tsvetkov, V. Panchenko
The splitting of the first and second transitions in the lutetium photoionisation scheme is studied in a wide range of laser radiation intensities, and the Rabi frequencies as functions of the radiation intensity are determined. Based on the results, we have obtained the decay branching coefficients of 0.54 and 0.41 for the first and second transitions, respectively.
{"title":"The Autler – Townes effect, the Rabi frequency, and determination of characteristics of the decay of excited states in the photoionisation scheme of lutetium","authors":"A. B. D’yachkov, A. A. Gorkunov, A. V. Labozin, S. Mironov, V. A. Firsov, G. O. Tsvetkov, V. Panchenko","doi":"10.1070/qel18029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1070/qel18029","url":null,"abstract":"The splitting of the first and second transitions in the lutetium photoionisation scheme is studied in a wide range of laser radiation intensities, and the Rabi frequencies as functions of the radiation intensity are determined. Based on the results, we have obtained the decay branching coefficients of 0.54 and 0.41 for the first and second transitions, respectively.","PeriodicalId":20775,"journal":{"name":"Quantum Electronics","volume":"99 1","pages":"367 - 370"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78546871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We propose and describe the use of a system with PT-symmetry properties in resonator optical gyroscopes. It is shown that this makes it possible to increase the limiting sensitivity and does not introduce disadvantages typical of PT-symmetric laser gyroscopes. In the example considered in the paper, the inclusion of a system with PT-symmetry properties in the composition of a resonator optical gyroscope allows one to increase the limiting sensitivity by a factor of 750.
{"title":"Application of PT-symmetry properties to increase the limiting sensitivity of resonator optical gyroscopes","authors":"E. Shalymov, T. M. Akhmadiev, V. B. Davydov","doi":"10.1070/qel18020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1070/qel18020","url":null,"abstract":"We propose and describe the use of a system with PT-symmetry properties in resonator optical gyroscopes. It is shown that this makes it possible to increase the limiting sensitivity and does not introduce disadvantages typical of PT-symmetric laser gyroscopes. In the example considered in the paper, the inclusion of a system with PT-symmetry properties in the composition of a resonator optical gyroscope allows one to increase the limiting sensitivity by a factor of 750.","PeriodicalId":20775,"journal":{"name":"Quantum Electronics","volume":"40 1","pages":"402 - 406"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82207980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We analyse the electric field transverse distributions in light beams with a tripled frequency and with a frequency of 2ω 1 – ω 2, which arise in the bulk of an isotropic cubic-nonlinear medium upon the propagation of nonuniformly polarised beams of fundamental radiation with a multimode transverse structure described by a superposition of Laguerre – Gaussian modes. A relation is found between the total topological indices of the circular polarisation singularity points in the transverse sections of the generated signal beams and the corresponding total indices in the beams of fundamental radiation.
{"title":"Transformation of polarisation singularities in nonlinear mixing of light beams with frequency conversion in a medium with cubic nonlinearity","authors":"K. Grigoriev, V. Makarov","doi":"10.1070/QEL17998","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1070/QEL17998","url":null,"abstract":"We analyse the electric field transverse distributions in light beams with a tripled frequency and with a frequency of 2ω 1 – ω 2, which arise in the bulk of an isotropic cubic-nonlinear medium upon the propagation of nonuniformly polarised beams of fundamental radiation with a multimode transverse structure described by a superposition of Laguerre – Gaussian modes. A relation is found between the total topological indices of the circular polarisation singularity points in the transverse sections of the generated signal beams and the corresponding total indices in the beams of fundamental radiation.","PeriodicalId":20775,"journal":{"name":"Quantum Electronics","volume":"48 190 1","pages":"247 - 253"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83281448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Krylov, A. Gladyshev, A. Senatorov, A. Kolyadin, A. Kosolapov, M. Khudyakov, M. Likhachev, I. Bufetov
Single-cascade 1.56-to-2.84 μm SRS conversion is demonstrated in a hollow-core revolver fibre filled with methane at a pressure of 25 atm under pumping by positively chirped pulses of a high-power erbium-doped all-fibre laser. At a maximum pump pulse energy of 34 μJ (average power 3.74 W) and a pump pulse duration of about 260 ps, ultrashort pulses (USPs) with a duration of 110 ps and an energy of 1.33 μJ (average power 133 mW) are achieved at the centre wavelength of 2.84 μm. The gas fibre Raman lasers based on hollow-core fibres with pumping by high-power fibre sources are promising for producing all-fibre systems emitting USPs in the mid-IR range.
{"title":"1.56-to-2.84 μm SRS conversion of chirped pulses of a high-power erbium fibre laser in a methane-filled hollow-core revolver fibre","authors":"A. Krylov, A. Gladyshev, A. Senatorov, A. Kolyadin, A. Kosolapov, M. Khudyakov, M. Likhachev, I. Bufetov","doi":"10.1070/qel18003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1070/qel18003","url":null,"abstract":"Single-cascade 1.56-to-2.84 μm SRS conversion is demonstrated in a hollow-core revolver fibre filled with methane at a pressure of 25 atm under pumping by positively chirped pulses of a high-power erbium-doped all-fibre laser. At a maximum pump pulse energy of 34 μJ (average power 3.74 W) and a pump pulse duration of about 260 ps, ultrashort pulses (USPs) with a duration of 110 ps and an energy of 1.33 μJ (average power 133 mW) are achieved at the centre wavelength of 2.84 μm. The gas fibre Raman lasers based on hollow-core fibres with pumping by high-power fibre sources are promising for producing all-fibre systems emitting USPs in the mid-IR range.","PeriodicalId":20775,"journal":{"name":"Quantum Electronics","volume":"85 1","pages":"274 - 277"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89697629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I. Grishchenko, A.K. Vorob’ev, A. Ostapiv, Y. Stirmanov, A. V. Konyashkin, O. Ryabushkin
We present the results of measurements of low optical absorption and scattering coefficients in lithium triborate crystals using the method of piezoelectric resonance laser calorimetry under the action of polarised single-mode laser radiation at wavelengths of 1070 and 532 nm in the power ranges of 50 – 300 and 5 – 50 W, respectively. It is shown that when radiation propagates along the crystal axis a, these coefficients remain constant in the specified power ranges and do not depend on the direction of laser radiation polarisation. The measured optical scattering coefficients are compared with the results obtained by the method of integrating spheres.
{"title":"Measurements of small optical absorption and scattering coefficients of high-power polarised laser radiation in lithium triborate crystals","authors":"I. Grishchenko, A.K. Vorob’ev, A. Ostapiv, Y. Stirmanov, A. V. Konyashkin, O. Ryabushkin","doi":"10.1070/qel17999","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1070/qel17999","url":null,"abstract":"We present the results of measurements of low optical absorption and scattering coefficients in lithium triborate crystals using the method of piezoelectric resonance laser calorimetry under the action of polarised single-mode laser radiation at wavelengths of 1070 and 532 nm in the power ranges of 50 – 300 and 5 – 50 W, respectively. It is shown that when radiation propagates along the crystal axis a, these coefficients remain constant in the specified power ranges and do not depend on the direction of laser radiation polarisation. The measured optical scattering coefficients are compared with the results obtained by the method of integrating spheres.","PeriodicalId":20775,"journal":{"name":"Quantum Electronics","volume":"1 1","pages":"301 - 305"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88178615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
O. Antipov, D. Kolker, A. Dobrynin, Yu.A. Getmanovskii, V. V. Sharkov, M. Chuvakova, A. Akhmatkhanov, V. Shur, I. Shestakova, S. Larin
The nonlinear optical frequency conversions of repetitively pulsed output of a 1941-nm Tm3+ : YAP laser pumped by a cw 1670-nm fibre laser are studied experimentally. Both mid-IR optical parametric oscillation (OPO) and second harmonic generation (SHG) are obtained in the same periodically poled MgO : LiNbO3 crystal with a fan-out domain design by tuning the grating period and temperature. The energy conversion efficiency of the degenerate OPO at 3820 – 3970 nm exceeds 43 % at a 0.5 kHz repetition rate, while the energy conversion efficiency of SHG at 970.5 nm reaches 34 %.
{"title":"Mid-IR optical parametric oscillation and second harmonic generation of repetitively pulsed output of a fibre-laser pumped Tm3+ :YAP laser in a fan-out periodically poled MgO:LiNbO3 crystal","authors":"O. Antipov, D. Kolker, A. Dobrynin, Yu.A. Getmanovskii, V. V. Sharkov, M. Chuvakova, A. Akhmatkhanov, V. Shur, I. Shestakova, S. Larin","doi":"10.1070/qel18006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1070/qel18006","url":null,"abstract":"The nonlinear optical frequency conversions of repetitively pulsed output of a 1941-nm Tm3+ : YAP laser pumped by a cw 1670-nm fibre laser are studied experimentally. Both mid-IR optical parametric oscillation (OPO) and second harmonic generation (SHG) are obtained in the same periodically poled MgO : LiNbO3 crystal with a fan-out domain design by tuning the grating period and temperature. The energy conversion efficiency of the degenerate OPO at 3820 – 3970 nm exceeds 43 % at a 0.5 kHz repetition rate, while the energy conversion efficiency of SHG at 970.5 nm reaches 34 %.","PeriodicalId":20775,"journal":{"name":"Quantum Electronics","volume":"18 1","pages":"254 - 261"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86592748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. A. Stepanov, A.N. Zhdanov, I. V. Savitskii, P. Glek, A. A. Lanin, A. Fedotov, A. Zheltikov
A novel, 2.6-to-10-μm wavelength-tunable laser source of sub-70-fs pulses is combined with mid-IR heterodyne detection to provide a versatile laser platform for broadband two-dimensional Fourier-transform infrared spectrochronography. The mid-infrared laser output serves as both a short-pulse driver and a broadband probe for time-resolved studies of ultrafast molecular coherence, population dynamics, and multimodal energy transfer in a vast class of complex molecular systems.
{"title":"Broadband two-dimensional spectrochronography with ultrashort pulses in the mid-infrared","authors":"E. A. Stepanov, A.N. Zhdanov, I. V. Savitskii, P. Glek, A. A. Lanin, A. Fedotov, A. Zheltikov","doi":"10.1070/qel18004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1070/qel18004","url":null,"abstract":"A novel, 2.6-to-10-μm wavelength-tunable laser source of sub-70-fs pulses is combined with mid-IR heterodyne detection to provide a versatile laser platform for broadband two-dimensional Fourier-transform infrared spectrochronography. The mid-infrared laser output serves as both a short-pulse driver and a broadband probe for time-resolved studies of ultrafast molecular coherence, population dynamics, and multimodal energy transfer in a vast class of complex molecular systems.","PeriodicalId":20775,"journal":{"name":"Quantum Electronics","volume":"93 1","pages":"227 - 232"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80479055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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