D. V. Gorbatov, V. Konyshev, T. O. Lukinykh, O. Nanii, A. G. Novikov, V. Treshchikov, R. R. Ubaydullaev
A numerical model is constructed for calculating lightning-induced rapid changes in the polarisation state of a light signal at the output of a fibre-optic communication line with an optical ground wire. It is shown that taking into account anisotropy of real optical fibres has a noticeable effect on the shape of the polarisation rotation speed time profile. It is found that the maximum rate of change in the polarisation state and its temporal profile depend on the location of the lightning strike in the fibre span, the magnitude of fibre anisotropy and the direction of propagation of a light wave.
{"title":"Effect of anisotropy of a single-mode fibre on lightning-induced rotation of polarisation of a light signal in an optical ground wire","authors":"D. V. Gorbatov, V. Konyshev, T. O. Lukinykh, O. Nanii, A. G. Novikov, V. Treshchikov, R. R. Ubaydullaev","doi":"10.1070/QEL17970","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1070/QEL17970","url":null,"abstract":"A numerical model is constructed for calculating lightning-induced rapid changes in the polarisation state of a light signal at the output of a fibre-optic communication line with an optical ground wire. It is shown that taking into account anisotropy of real optical fibres has a noticeable effect on the shape of the polarisation rotation speed time profile. It is found that the maximum rate of change in the polarisation state and its temporal profile depend on the location of the lightning strike in the fibre span, the magnitude of fibre anisotropy and the direction of propagation of a light wave.","PeriodicalId":20775,"journal":{"name":"Quantum Electronics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79352946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Evstropiev, V. Demidov, D. Bulyga, R. Sadovnichii, G. Pchelkin, D. Shurupov, Yu.F. Podrukhin, A. Matrosova, N. Nikonorov, K. Dukelskii
We report the development of a group of luminescent fibre-optic temperature sensors that use Ce3+-, Dy3+-, and Yb3+- doped yttrium aluminium garnet (YAG) nanophosphors as thermosensitive materials. The nanophosphors have been prepared in the form of powders with a crystallite size from 19 to 27 nm by a polymer – salt method and exhibit bright luminescence at 550 (YAG : Ce3+), 400, 480 (YAG : Dy3+), and 1030 nm (YAG : Yb3+). The sensor design includes a silica capillary, partially filled with a nanophosphor, and two large-aperture multimode optical fibres located in the capillary, which deliver excitation light and receive and transmit the photoluminescence signal. The photoluminescence signal amplitude of all the sensors decreases exponentially with increasing temperature, pointing to characteristic thermal quenching of photoluminescence and adequate operation of the devices up to 500 °C. The highest temperature sensitivity among the fibre-optic sensors is offered by the YAG : Ce3+ nanophosphor-based devices.
{"title":"YAG : R3+ (R = Ce, Dy, Yb) nanophosphor-based luminescent fibre-optic sensors for temperature measurements in the range 20 – 500 °C","authors":"S. Evstropiev, V. Demidov, D. Bulyga, R. Sadovnichii, G. Pchelkin, D. Shurupov, Yu.F. Podrukhin, A. Matrosova, N. Nikonorov, K. Dukelskii","doi":"10.1070/qel17971","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1070/qel17971","url":null,"abstract":"We report the development of a group of luminescent fibre-optic temperature sensors that use Ce3+-, Dy3+-, and Yb3+- doped yttrium aluminium garnet (YAG) nanophosphors as thermosensitive materials. The nanophosphors have been prepared in the form of powders with a crystallite size from 19 to 27 nm by a polymer – salt method and exhibit bright luminescence at 550 (YAG : Ce3+), 400, 480 (YAG : Dy3+), and 1030 nm (YAG : Yb3+). The sensor design includes a silica capillary, partially filled with a nanophosphor, and two large-aperture multimode optical fibres located in the capillary, which deliver excitation light and receive and transmit the photoluminescence signal. The photoluminescence signal amplitude of all the sensors decreases exponentially with increasing temperature, pointing to characteristic thermal quenching of photoluminescence and adequate operation of the devices up to 500 °C. The highest temperature sensitivity among the fibre-optic sensors is offered by the YAG : Ce3+ nanophosphor-based devices.","PeriodicalId":20775,"journal":{"name":"Quantum Electronics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80261431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Khilov, V.A. Shishkova, E. Sergeeva, D. Kurakina, M. Kirillin
An approach to fabricating agar phantoms mimicking spectral optical properties of biological tissues with fluorescent inclusions is proposed, which allows one to imitate the problem of optical visualisation of superficial biological tissues after the administration of a chlorin-based photosensitiser. The different arrangement of a fluorescent layer within a phantom makes it possible to simulate biological tissue in the cases of both topical application and intravenous injection of a photosensitiser. It is shown that absorption and scattering spectra of phantoms are in good agreement with the spectra of real biological tissues in the wavelength range of 500-800 nm. Changes in spectra of absorption and scattering coefficients of phantoms, as well as in their fluorescent properties induced by the addition of a fluorescent marker (chlorinbased photosensitiser) are demonstrated.
{"title":"Agar phantoms of biological tissue for fluorescence monitoring of photodynamic therapy","authors":"A. Khilov, V.A. Shishkova, E. Sergeeva, D. Kurakina, M. Kirillin","doi":"10.1070/qel17967","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1070/qel17967","url":null,"abstract":"An approach to fabricating agar phantoms mimicking spectral optical properties of biological tissues with fluorescent inclusions is proposed, which allows one to imitate the problem of optical visualisation of superficial biological tissues after the administration of a chlorin-based photosensitiser. The different arrangement of a fluorescent layer within a phantom makes it possible to simulate biological tissue in the cases of both topical application and intravenous injection of a photosensitiser. It is shown that absorption and scattering spectra of phantoms are in good agreement with the spectra of real biological tissues in the wavelength range of 500-800 nm. Changes in spectra of absorption and scattering coefficients of phantoms, as well as in their fluorescent properties induced by the addition of a fluorescent marker (chlorinbased photosensitiser) are demonstrated.","PeriodicalId":20775,"journal":{"name":"Quantum Electronics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74759899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. Ermolinskiy, A. Lugovtsov, A. Semenov, A. Priezzhev
We consider the effect of a tightly focused laser beam with a wavelength of 1064 nm and a power from 10 to 160 mW on red blood cells during their optical trapping with optical tweezers. It is found that the shape of a red blood cell, which alters after optical trapping, ceases to change when the trapping duration is less than 5 min and the laser beam power is less than 60 mW. At a beam power above 80 mW, the red blood cell begins to fold at a trapping duration of about 1 min, and at powers above 100 – 150 mW, the red blood cell membrane ruptures in 1 – 3 min after optical trapping. It is also found that with repeated short-term capture of a red blood cell in an optical trap, the deformation properties of the membrane change: it becomes more rigid. The obtained results are important both for understanding the mechanisms of interaction of a laser beam with red blood cells and for optimising the technique of optical experiments, especially for measuring the deformation properties of a membrane using optical tweezers.
{"title":"Red blood cell in the field of a beam of optical tweezers","authors":"P. Ermolinskiy, A. Lugovtsov, A. Semenov, A. Priezzhev","doi":"10.1070/QEL17962","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1070/QEL17962","url":null,"abstract":"We consider the effect of a tightly focused laser beam with a wavelength of 1064 nm and a power from 10 to 160 mW on red blood cells during their optical trapping with optical tweezers. It is found that the shape of a red blood cell, which alters after optical trapping, ceases to change when the trapping duration is less than 5 min and the laser beam power is less than 60 mW. At a beam power above 80 mW, the red blood cell begins to fold at a trapping duration of about 1 min, and at powers above 100 – 150 mW, the red blood cell membrane ruptures in 1 – 3 min after optical trapping. It is also found that with repeated short-term capture of a red blood cell in an optical trap, the deformation properties of the membrane change: it becomes more rigid. The obtained results are important both for understanding the mechanisms of interaction of a laser beam with red blood cells and for optimising the technique of optical experiments, especially for measuring the deformation properties of a membrane using optical tweezers.","PeriodicalId":20775,"journal":{"name":"Quantum Electronics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86325344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. Shirshin, B. Yakimov, G. Budylin, K. E. Buyankin, A. G. Armaganov, V. V. Fadeev, A. Kamalov
Optical methods are widely used to perform fundamental studies of living systems and solve problems of biomedical diagnostics. Along with the classical spectroscopy, methods of nonlinear optics (e.g., multiphoton microscopy) are also applied in biophotonics. The potential of nonlinear optical methods for visualisation and analysis of the properties of endogenous chromophore molecules are considered in this minireview. Melanin – a pigment with specific spectral features of photophysical properties in the visible and near-IR ranges – is taken as an example. It is discussed what information about its localisation in tissues and structural organisation can be obtained by nonlinear optical methods: multiphoton fluorescence microscopy (including fluorescence lifetime imaging), third harmonic generation, pump – probe spectroscopy, and coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy.
{"title":"Melanin diagnostics with nonlinear optics: a mini-review","authors":"E. Shirshin, B. Yakimov, G. Budylin, K. E. Buyankin, A. G. Armaganov, V. V. Fadeev, A. Kamalov","doi":"10.1070/qel17963","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1070/qel17963","url":null,"abstract":"Optical methods are widely used to perform fundamental studies of living systems and solve problems of biomedical diagnostics. Along with the classical spectroscopy, methods of nonlinear optics (e.g., multiphoton microscopy) are also applied in biophotonics. The potential of nonlinear optical methods for visualisation and analysis of the properties of endogenous chromophore molecules are considered in this minireview. Melanin – a pigment with specific spectral features of photophysical properties in the visible and near-IR ranges – is taken as an example. It is discussed what information about its localisation in tissues and structural organisation can be obtained by nonlinear optical methods: multiphoton fluorescence microscopy (including fluorescence lifetime imaging), third harmonic generation, pump – probe spectroscopy, and coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy.","PeriodicalId":20775,"journal":{"name":"Quantum Electronics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91390789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lanfeng Huang, Yongjun Li, Shanghong Zhao, Tao Lin, Xuan Li, Guodong Wang, Zihang Zhu
A functional flexible photonics-assisted frequency measurement (PFM) is proposed. Owing to polarisation multiplexing, the electro-optic (O/E) conversion can be performed in a single optical path, which endows the system high stability and concise configuration. Moreover, using a specially designed functional coarse/accurate frequency measurement (C/AFM) module, a large covering range, moderate accuracy, and fast response frequency measurement results can be ensured in a radar warning receiver (RWR), whereas high accurate results can be used in an electronic countermeasures receiver (ECMR). The simulation results show that a strict monotonous amplitude comparison function (ACF) can be constructed based on the structure of a Mach – Zehnder interferometer (MZI) to map the signal frequency, with a measurement error of less than 0.2 GHz in the range of 1 – 31 GHz. This coarse measurement results can be used to perform radar warning. Based on this result, a highly accurate frequency measurement result is achieved through stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS). The results reveal that the accuracy is improved to better than 20 MHz. Noteworthy, the C/AFM module consists of purely passive devices, which makes this system meet the potential of integration.
{"title":"Functional flexible photonics-assisted frequency measurement based on combination of stimulated Brillouin scattering and a Mach – Zehnder interferometer","authors":"Lanfeng Huang, Yongjun Li, Shanghong Zhao, Tao Lin, Xuan Li, Guodong Wang, Zihang Zhu","doi":"10.1070/QEL17660","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1070/QEL17660","url":null,"abstract":"A functional flexible photonics-assisted frequency measurement (PFM) is proposed. Owing to polarisation multiplexing, the electro-optic (O/E) conversion can be performed in a single optical path, which endows the system high stability and concise configuration. Moreover, using a specially designed functional coarse/accurate frequency measurement (C/AFM) module, a large covering range, moderate accuracy, and fast response frequency measurement results can be ensured in a radar warning receiver (RWR), whereas high accurate results can be used in an electronic countermeasures receiver (ECMR). The simulation results show that a strict monotonous amplitude comparison function (ACF) can be constructed based on the structure of a Mach – Zehnder interferometer (MZI) to map the signal frequency, with a measurement error of less than 0.2 GHz in the range of 1 – 31 GHz. This coarse measurement results can be used to perform radar warning. Based on this result, a highly accurate frequency measurement result is achieved through stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS). The results reveal that the accuracy is improved to better than 20 MHz. Noteworthy, the C/AFM module consists of purely passive devices, which makes this system meet the potential of integration.","PeriodicalId":20775,"journal":{"name":"Quantum Electronics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79542591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We report the results of a study on the influence of the fibre cladding diameter on the accuracy and resolution of tilted fibre Bragg grating-assisted refractometers. Tilted fibre Bragg gratings are an essential element used to develop high-precision fibre sensors for environmental monitoring. Comparative research was performed using one of comprehensive processing algorithms employing spectral envelope analysis. It was shown that the sensor accuracy decreases with decreasign fibre cladding diameter. At the same time, an increase in the diameter deteriorates the spectral pattern contrast, thus impeding the development of high-efficiency sensor elements.
{"title":"Correlation between optical fibre diameter and characteristics of tilted fibre Bragg grating-assisted sensors","authors":"K. Tomyshev, E. I. Dolzhenko, O. Butov","doi":"10.1070/qel17663","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1070/qel17663","url":null,"abstract":"We report the results of a study on the influence of the fibre cladding diameter on the accuracy and resolution of tilted fibre Bragg grating-assisted refractometers. Tilted fibre Bragg gratings are an essential element used to develop high-precision fibre sensors for environmental monitoring. Comparative research was performed using one of comprehensive processing algorithms employing spectral envelope analysis. It was shown that the sensor accuracy decreases with decreasign fibre cladding diameter. At the same time, an increase in the diameter deteriorates the spectral pattern contrast, thus impeding the development of high-efficiency sensor elements.","PeriodicalId":20775,"journal":{"name":"Quantum Electronics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84820468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A scheme is proposed to compensate for nonlinear distortions in extended fibre-optic communication lines with polarisation division multiplexing, based on fully connected neural networks with complex-valued arithmetic. The activation function of the developed scheme makes it possible to take into account the nonlinear interaction of signals from different polarisation components. This scheme is compared with a linear one and a neural network that processes signals of different polarisations independently, and the superiority of the proposed neural network architecture is demonstrated.
{"title":"Application of complex fully connected neural networks to compensate for nonlinearity in fibre-optic communication lines with polarisation division multiplexing","authors":"S. Bogdanov, O. Sidelnikov, A. Redyuk","doi":"10.1070/qel17656","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1070/qel17656","url":null,"abstract":"A scheme is proposed to compensate for nonlinear distortions in extended fibre-optic communication lines with polarisation division multiplexing, based on fully connected neural networks with complex-valued arithmetic. The activation function of the developed scheme makes it possible to take into account the nonlinear interaction of signals from different polarisation components. This scheme is compared with a linear one and a neural network that processes signals of different polarisations independently, and the superiority of the proposed neural network architecture is demonstrated.","PeriodicalId":20775,"journal":{"name":"Quantum Electronics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90783688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. Soshenko, I. Cojocaru, S. Bolshedvorskii, O. Rubinas, A. Smolyaninov, V. Vorobyov, V. Sorokin, A. Akimov
A longitudinal relaxation time of a nitrogen-14 atom nuclear spin for a nitrogen-vacancy (NV) colour centre in diamond is measured by the modified double optical resonance method. The diamond sample was grown by the method of high temperature and pressure and comprised 1 ppm of NVcentres. The longitudinal relaxation time was 43(6) s, which was compared to the time calculated in the model of relaxation due to the electron spin of colour centre interaction with phonons and spin reservoir. The time measured well agrees with predictions of the model.
{"title":"Measurement of the longitudinal relaxation time for the nitrogen nuclear spin in a nitrogen-vacancy colour centre of diamond","authors":"V. Soshenko, I. Cojocaru, S. Bolshedvorskii, O. Rubinas, A. Smolyaninov, V. Vorobyov, V. Sorokin, A. Akimov","doi":"10.1070/qel17654","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1070/qel17654","url":null,"abstract":"A longitudinal relaxation time of a nitrogen-14 atom nuclear spin for a nitrogen-vacancy (NV) colour centre in diamond is measured by the modified double optical resonance method. The diamond sample was grown by the method of high temperature and pressure and comprised 1 ppm of NVcentres. The longitudinal relaxation time was 43(6) s, which was compared to the time calculated in the model of relaxation due to the electron spin of colour centre interaction with phonons and spin reservoir. The time measured well agrees with predictions of the model.","PeriodicalId":20775,"journal":{"name":"Quantum Electronics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75254244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N.I. Kalmykov, D. Kovalenko, I. Lobach, S. Kablukov
We report a study of the effect of spontaneous emission-induced noise in probe pulsed radiation on the reflectogram shape deformation in a distributed temperature sensor based on Raman scattering of light. Since the fraction of spontaneous emission in the used erbiumdoped amplifier can reach 50 % of the total power, this leads to deviations of reflectograms in the temperature sensor from the theoretical exponential dependence and, as a result, can yield a temperature measurement error of several degrees. Filtering the radiation with an amplitude modulator makes it possible to reduce these deviations. The influence of spontaneous emission on reflectograms is studied theoretically and experimentally.
{"title":"Reflectogram shape deformation in distributed fibre systems in the presence of spontaneous noise in the probe radiation","authors":"N.I. Kalmykov, D. Kovalenko, I. Lobach, S. Kablukov","doi":"10.1070/qel17661","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1070/qel17661","url":null,"abstract":"We report a study of the effect of spontaneous emission-induced noise in probe pulsed radiation on the reflectogram shape deformation in a distributed temperature sensor based on Raman scattering of light. Since the fraction of spontaneous emission in the used erbiumdoped amplifier can reach 50 % of the total power, this leads to deviations of reflectograms in the temperature sensor from the theoretical exponential dependence and, as a result, can yield a temperature measurement error of several degrees. Filtering the radiation with an amplitude modulator makes it possible to reduce these deviations. The influence of spontaneous emission on reflectograms is studied theoretically and experimentally.","PeriodicalId":20775,"journal":{"name":"Quantum Electronics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90885528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：