Pub Date : 2024-07-01Epub Date: 2023-12-29DOI: 10.1177/00333549231215850
Ashley A Meehan, Caroline J Waddell, Grace E Marx, Kristie E N Clarke, Anna Bratcher, Martha P Montgomery, Ruthanne Marcus, Victoria Ramirez, Emily Mosites
{"title":"Considerations for Defining Homelessness in Public Health Data Collection.","authors":"Ashley A Meehan, Caroline J Waddell, Grace E Marx, Kristie E N Clarke, Anna Bratcher, Martha P Montgomery, Ruthanne Marcus, Victoria Ramirez, Emily Mosites","doi":"10.1177/00333549231215850","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00333549231215850","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20793,"journal":{"name":"Public Health Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11284968/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139074937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-01Epub Date: 2024-01-24DOI: 10.1177/00333549231223707
Frank Spesia, Nancy Swigonski, Cassy White, Mark D Fox, Brett Enneking
Childhood psychosocial experiences can have a lifelong effect on health. These experiences can be measured together as positive and adverse childhood experiences or individually as positive childhood experiences (PCEs) or adverse childhood experiences. Most research on PCEs has focused on how PCEs promote health outcomes. However, limited research has been conducted on the prevalence of PCEs among adolescents in local areas served by public health departments. The St. Joseph County Department of Health developed a study to test the feasibility of surveillance of PCEs through local public health departments and to establish a prevalence for PCE exposure among a population of urban public-school students in Indiana. We conducted a survey in spring 2022 that collected demographic information on students at 2 high schools and 1 middle school and assessed exposure to PCEs. We assessed prevalence of PCEs on a 5-point Likert scale (0 = never, 1 = rarely, 2 = sometimes, 3 = usually, 4 = always). PCE scores were grouped into low (0-2), medium (3-5), and high (6 or 7). The prevalence of individual PCE items ranged from 35.6% to 86.8%. Among 798 respondents, 189 (23.7%) reported low PCE scores, 396 (49.6%) reported medium scores, and 213 (26.7%) reported high scores. This research demonstrates the feasibility of school-based PCE surveillance and establishes a baseline prevalence of PCE exposure among a population of middle and high school students. These methods are applicable to different contexts and can provide both local health departments and school systems with a new tool to address adverse childhood experiences.
{"title":"Leveraging Public Health and Public School Partnerships for Local Surveillance of Positive Childhood Experiences.","authors":"Frank Spesia, Nancy Swigonski, Cassy White, Mark D Fox, Brett Enneking","doi":"10.1177/00333549231223707","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00333549231223707","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Childhood psychosocial experiences can have a lifelong effect on health. These experiences can be measured together as positive and adverse childhood experiences or individually as positive childhood experiences (PCEs) or adverse childhood experiences. Most research on PCEs has focused on how PCEs promote health outcomes. However, limited research has been conducted on the prevalence of PCEs among adolescents in local areas served by public health departments. The St. Joseph County Department of Health developed a study to test the feasibility of surveillance of PCEs through local public health departments and to establish a prevalence for PCE exposure among a population of urban public-school students in Indiana. We conducted a survey in spring 2022 that collected demographic information on students at 2 high schools and 1 middle school and assessed exposure to PCEs. We assessed prevalence of PCEs on a 5-point Likert scale (0 = never, 1 = rarely, 2 = sometimes, 3 = usually, 4 = always). PCE scores were grouped into low (0-2), medium (3-5), and high (6 or 7). The prevalence of individual PCE items ranged from 35.6% to 86.8%. Among 798 respondents, 189 (23.7%) reported low PCE scores, 396 (49.6%) reported medium scores, and 213 (26.7%) reported high scores. This research demonstrates the feasibility of school-based PCE surveillance and establishes a baseline prevalence of PCE exposure among a population of middle and high school students. These methods are applicable to different contexts and can provide both local health departments and school systems with a new tool to address adverse childhood experiences.</p>","PeriodicalId":20793,"journal":{"name":"Public Health Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11284967/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139543048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-01Epub Date: 2023-11-13DOI: 10.1177/00333549231204043
Saira Nawaz, Kyle J Moon, Francis Anagbonu, Anne Trinh, Lizette Escobedo, Gloria Itzel Montiel
Objectives: The 12-month vaccination campaign ¡Ándale! ¿Qué Esperas? was launched to increase COVID-19 vaccination rates in Latinx populations in California by expanding community outreach. The objectives of this evaluation were to (1) determine predictors of vaccination rates and (2) identify barriers to vaccination and potential solutions.
Methods: Five community partners in California serving Latinx populations with high social vulnerability participated in the ¡Ándale! ¿Qué Esperas? campaign. Community health workers were hired to deliver outreach (virtual, one-on-one, group based, and information dissemination), vaccinations, and supportive services. We collected data on outreach strategy used (method and location), number of vaccinations provided and reasons for delay, and number of times that supportive services were provided. We used regression models to assess significant predictors of vaccinations and supportive services.
Results: Community health workers (N = 146) hired from June 1, 2021, through May 31, 2022, performed outreach engagements (n = 6297) and supportive services (n = 313 796), resulting in 130 413 vaccinations and 28 660 vaccine appointments. The number of vaccinations administered was significantly higher at events in which supportive services were provided versus not provided (coefficient = 34.02; 95% CI, 3.34-64.68; P = .03). The odds ratio of supportive services was 3.67 (95% CI, 1.76-7.55) during virtual outreach and 2.95 (95% CI, 2.37-3.69) during one-on-one outreach (P < .001 for both) as compared with information dissemination encounters. Vaccination concerns were reported among 55.0% of vaccinated survey respondents (67.7%, vaccine confidence; 51.7%, access).
Conclusions: Supportive services facilitate vaccinations, ease transportation and time barriers, and instill confidence among working-class racial and ethnic minority populations.
{"title":"Evaluation of the COVID-19 Vaccination Campaign <i>¡Ándale! ¿Qué Esperas?</i> in Latinx Communities in California, June 2021-May 2022.","authors":"Saira Nawaz, Kyle J Moon, Francis Anagbonu, Anne Trinh, Lizette Escobedo, Gloria Itzel Montiel","doi":"10.1177/00333549231204043","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00333549231204043","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The 12-month vaccination campaign <i>¡Ándale! ¿Qué Esperas?</i> was launched to increase COVID-19 vaccination rates in Latinx populations in California by expanding community outreach. The objectives of this evaluation were to (1) determine predictors of vaccination rates and (2) identify barriers to vaccination and potential solutions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Five community partners in California serving Latinx populations with high social vulnerability participated in the <i>¡Ándale! ¿Qué Esperas?</i> campaign. Community health workers were hired to deliver outreach (virtual, one-on-one, group based, and information dissemination), vaccinations, and supportive services. We collected data on outreach strategy used (method and location), number of vaccinations provided and reasons for delay, and number of times that supportive services were provided. We used regression models to assess significant predictors of vaccinations and supportive services.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Community health workers (N = 146) hired from June 1, 2021, through May 31, 2022, performed outreach engagements (n = 6297) and supportive services (n = 313 796), resulting in 130 413 vaccinations and 28 660 vaccine appointments. The number of vaccinations administered was significantly higher at events in which supportive services were provided versus not provided (coefficient = 34.02; 95% CI, 3.34-64.68; <i>P</i> = .03). The odds ratio of supportive services was 3.67 (95% CI, 1.76-7.55) during virtual outreach and 2.95 (95% CI, 2.37-3.69) during one-on-one outreach (<i>P</i> < .001 for both) as compared with information dissemination encounters. Vaccination concerns were reported among 55.0% of vaccinated survey respondents (67.7%, vaccine confidence; 51.7%, access).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Supportive services facilitate vaccinations, ease transportation and time barriers, and instill confidence among working-class racial and ethnic minority populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":20793,"journal":{"name":"Public Health Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11339681/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"92156269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-01Epub Date: 2023-10-21DOI: 10.1177/00333549231199477
Kristine L Rhodes, Abigail Echo-Hawk, Jordan P Lewis, Vanesscia L Cresci, Delight E Satter, Denise A Dillard
{"title":"Centering Data Sovereignty, Tribal Values, and Practices for Equity in American Indian and Alaska Native Public Health Systems.","authors":"Kristine L Rhodes, Abigail Echo-Hawk, Jordan P Lewis, Vanesscia L Cresci, Delight E Satter, Denise A Dillard","doi":"10.1177/00333549231199477","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00333549231199477","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20793,"journal":{"name":"Public Health Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11332637/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49681548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-01Epub Date: 2024-05-27DOI: 10.1177/00333549241255260
Olivia A Harmon, Tricia S Howe, Jacqualine D Schaeffer, Ramot Adeboyejo, Laura P Eichelberger
Objectives: More than 3300 rural Alaska Native homes lack piped water, impeding hand hygiene. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the Alaska Native Tribal Health Consortium and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention partnered with 10 Tribal communities and regional Tribal health organizations to install a low-cost, intermediate-technology water and sanitation system, the Miniature Portable Alternative Sanitation System (Mini-PASS). We assessed the impact of the Mini-PASS handwashing station on handwashing, other water-related uses, and problems encountered over time.
Methods: In this pre-postintervention study, we conducted semi-structured interviews by telephone seasonally with representatives of 71 households with the Mini-PASS from February 2021 through November 2022 to assess the impact of the units on water use and health.
Results: Before Mini-PASS installation, all participating households primarily used washbasins for handwashing. Postintervention, more than 70% of households reported using the Mini-PASS as their primary handwashing method in all 3 follow-up intervals (3, 6-9, and 12 months postintervention). The proportion of households using the handwashing station for other household tasks increased during 12 months, from 51.4% (19 of 37) at 3 months postintervention to 77.8% (21 of 27) at 12 months postintervention. Although approximately 20% to 40% of households reported problems with their handwashing station during the 12 months postintervention, a large proportion of interviewees (47% to 60%) said they were able to conduct repairs themselves.
Conclusions: Households in rural Alaska quickly adopted the Mini-PASS for hand hygiene and other needs and were largely able to troubleshoot problems themselves. Further research evaluating the impact of improved handwashing behaviors facilitated by the Mini-PASS should be conducted.
{"title":"Impact of In-Home Handwashing Stations on Hand Hygiene During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Unpiped Rural Alaska Native Homes.","authors":"Olivia A Harmon, Tricia S Howe, Jacqualine D Schaeffer, Ramot Adeboyejo, Laura P Eichelberger","doi":"10.1177/00333549241255260","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00333549241255260","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>More than 3300 rural Alaska Native homes lack piped water, impeding hand hygiene. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the Alaska Native Tribal Health Consortium and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention partnered with 10 Tribal communities and regional Tribal health organizations to install a low-cost, intermediate-technology water and sanitation system, the Miniature Portable Alternative Sanitation System (Mini-PASS). We assessed the impact of the Mini-PASS handwashing station on handwashing, other water-related uses, and problems encountered over time.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this pre-postintervention study, we conducted semi-structured interviews by telephone seasonally with representatives of 71 households with the Mini-PASS from February 2021 through November 2022 to assess the impact of the units on water use and health.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Before Mini-PASS installation, all participating households primarily used washbasins for handwashing. Postintervention, more than 70% of households reported using the Mini-PASS as their primary handwashing method in all 3 follow-up intervals (3, 6-9, and 12 months postintervention). The proportion of households using the handwashing station for other household tasks increased during 12 months, from 51.4% (19 of 37) at 3 months postintervention to 77.8% (21 of 27) at 12 months postintervention. Although approximately 20% to 40% of households reported problems with their handwashing station during the 12 months postintervention, a large proportion of interviewees (47% to 60%) said they were able to conduct repairs themselves.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Households in rural Alaska quickly adopted the Mini-PASS for hand hygiene and other needs and were largely able to troubleshoot problems themselves. Further research evaluating the impact of improved handwashing behaviors facilitated by the Mini-PASS should be conducted.</p>","PeriodicalId":20793,"journal":{"name":"Public Health Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11339680/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141154716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-01Epub Date: 2024-03-22DOI: 10.1177/00333549241239905
Tiffany R Winston, Minda Reed, Marissa Roberts, Aashna Panjwani, Jennifer Farfalla, Victoria Pless, Ayana Miles, Cherie Rooks-Peck, Natasha L Underwood
Objectives: State, local, and federal agencies have expanded efforts to address the root causes of overdoses, including health inequity and related social determinants of health. As an Overdose Data to Action (OD2A) technical assistance provider, the Association of State and Territorial Health Officials (ASTHO) conducted the first national needs assessment to understand capacity and technical assistance needs of OD2A jurisdictions in advancing health equity.
Methods: ASTHO designed and disseminated the OD2A Recipient Health Equity Needs Assessment (RHENA) to 66 OD2A-funded jurisdictions from February to March 2022. OD2A principal investigators and staff were contacted via email and asked to complete the needs assessment within 6 weeks. One coder manually coded open-ended responses, conducted a thematic analysis on the qualitative data, and performed a simple frequency analysis on the quantitative data.
Results: Fifty-two jurisdictions (78.8%) responded, including 36 states, 12 cities/counties, and 2 territories. Most jurisdictions (n = 46; 88.5%) reported having a formal or informal health equity lead in place. Common barriers included a lack of access to data sources (n = 37; 71.2%), lack of partnerships (n = 20; 38.5%), and lack of funding (n = 14; 26.9%). Respondents reported needing more information sharing among jurisdictions and partner organizations, coaching on best practices, and routine discussions such as peer-to-peer learning sessions.
Conclusion: Findings suggest that gaps remain in programmatic policies and principles to address inequities in overdose prevention. Results are being used to identify additional technical assistance opportunities, jurisdictional capacity, and approaches to advance health equity.
{"title":"Implementing a Needs Assessment to Advance Health Equity in Overdose Prevention and Surveillance Initiatives.","authors":"Tiffany R Winston, Minda Reed, Marissa Roberts, Aashna Panjwani, Jennifer Farfalla, Victoria Pless, Ayana Miles, Cherie Rooks-Peck, Natasha L Underwood","doi":"10.1177/00333549241239905","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00333549241239905","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>State, local, and federal agencies have expanded efforts to address the root causes of overdoses, including health inequity and related social determinants of health. As an Overdose Data to Action (OD2A) technical assistance provider, the Association of State and Territorial Health Officials (ASTHO) conducted the first national needs assessment to understand capacity and technical assistance needs of OD2A jurisdictions in advancing health equity.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>ASTHO designed and disseminated the OD2A Recipient Health Equity Needs Assessment (RHENA) to 66 OD2A-funded jurisdictions from February to March 2022. OD2A principal investigators and staff were contacted via email and asked to complete the needs assessment within 6 weeks. One coder manually coded open-ended responses, conducted a thematic analysis on the qualitative data, and performed a simple frequency analysis on the quantitative data.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Fifty-two jurisdictions (78.8%) responded, including 36 states, 12 cities/counties, and 2 territories. Most jurisdictions (n = 46; 88.5%) reported having a formal or informal health equity lead in place. Common barriers included a lack of access to data sources (n = 37; 71.2%), lack of partnerships (n = 20; 38.5%), and lack of funding (n = 14; 26.9%). Respondents reported needing more information sharing among jurisdictions and partner organizations, coaching on best practices, and routine discussions such as peer-to-peer learning sessions.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Findings suggest that gaps remain in programmatic policies and principles to address inequities in overdose prevention. Results are being used to identify additional technical assistance opportunities, jurisdictional capacity, and approaches to advance health equity.</p>","PeriodicalId":20793,"journal":{"name":"Public Health Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11339672/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140194447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-01Epub Date: 2023-11-04DOI: 10.1177/00333549231205338
Casey P Balio, Stephanie M Mathis, Margaret M Francisco, Michael Meit, Kate E Beatty
Objectives: Block grant funding provides federal financial support to states, with increased flexibility as to how those funds can be allocated at the community level. At the state level, block grant amounts and distributions are often based on outdated formulas that consider population measures and funding environments at the time of their creation. We describe variation in state-level funding allocations for 5 federal block grant programs and the extent to which funding aligns with the current needs of state populations.
Methods: We conducted an analysis in 2022 of state block grant allocations as a function of state-level characteristics for 2015-2019 for all 50 states. We provide descriptive statistics of state block grant allocations and multivariate regression models for each program. Models include base characteristics relevant across programs plus supplemental characteristics based on program-specific goals and state population needs.
Results: Mean state block grant allocations per 1000 population by program ranged from $618 to $21 528 during 2015-2019. Characteristics associated with state allocations varied across block grants. For example, for every 1-percentage-point increase in the percentage of the population living in nonmetropolitan areas, Preventive Health and Health Services Block Grant funding was approximately $7 per 1000 population higher and Community Services Block Grant funding was approximately $40 per 1000 population higher. Few supplemental characteristics were associated with allocations.
Conclusions: Current block grant funding does not align with state characteristics and needs. Future research should consider how funds are used at the state level or allocated to local agencies or organizations and compare state block grant allocations with other types of funding mechanisms, such as categorical funding.
{"title":"State Priorities and Needs: The Role of Block Grants.","authors":"Casey P Balio, Stephanie M Mathis, Margaret M Francisco, Michael Meit, Kate E Beatty","doi":"10.1177/00333549231205338","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00333549231205338","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Block grant funding provides federal financial support to states, with increased flexibility as to how those funds can be allocated at the community level. At the state level, block grant amounts and distributions are often based on outdated formulas that consider population measures and funding environments at the time of their creation. We describe variation in state-level funding allocations for 5 federal block grant programs and the extent to which funding aligns with the current needs of state populations.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted an analysis in 2022 of state block grant allocations as a function of state-level characteristics for 2015-2019 for all 50 states. We provide descriptive statistics of state block grant allocations and multivariate regression models for each program. Models include base characteristics relevant across programs plus supplemental characteristics based on program-specific goals and state population needs.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Mean state block grant allocations per 1000 population by program ranged from $618 to $21 528 during 2015-2019. Characteristics associated with state allocations varied across block grants. For example, for every 1-percentage-point increase in the percentage of the population living in nonmetropolitan areas, Preventive Health and Health Services Block Grant funding was approximately $7 per 1000 population higher and Community Services Block Grant funding was approximately $40 per 1000 population higher. Few supplemental characteristics were associated with allocations.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Current block grant funding does not align with state characteristics and needs. Future research should consider how funds are used at the state level or allocated to local agencies or organizations and compare state block grant allocations with other types of funding mechanisms, such as categorical funding.</p>","PeriodicalId":20793,"journal":{"name":"Public Health Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11284966/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71485274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-01Epub Date: 2024-01-29DOI: 10.1177/00333549231223712
Margaret Tait, Emily Burke, Tim Leshan, Adriane Casalotti, Heather Krasna, Jonathon P Leider
Objectives: A need persists for graduates with public health training in government public health roles; however, earnings for these positions tend to be lower when compared with earnings for people with undergraduate or graduate training who are working in other sectors, such as private health care or pharmaceuticals. This study assessed federal student loan debt associated with education for public health, with an aim to quantify the need that may be met through the federal Public Health Workforce Loan Repayment Program (PHWLRP), which is one tool that policy makers have proposed to incentivize people with public health training to pursue employment in government public health.
Methods: We analyzed federal student loan data provided by the National Center for Education Statistics College Scorecard for the 2018-2019 academic year. We merged these data with the Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System to estimate the number of degrees awarded. We used Spearman rank correlation to compare associations between debt and annual earnings by award level (bachelor's, master's, and doctoral degrees).
Results: Across all award levels, the median level of federal student loan debt associated with education for public health was $33 366. The median annual earnings 1 year after graduation were $80 687 for graduates with doctoral degrees and $33 279 for graduates with bachelor's degrees.
Conclusions: As policy makers attempt to strengthen the public health workforce with a focus on funding and implementing the PHWLRP, the existing levels of student debt should be considered to ensure that programs such as the PHWLRP are funded and reflect the needs of graduates and government public health employers.
目标:受过公共卫生培训的毕业生在政府公共卫生岗位上的需求持续存在;然而,与在其他部门(如私人医疗保健或制药)工作的受过本科或研究生培训的人员相比,这些岗位的收入往往较低。本研究评估了与公共卫生教育相关的联邦学生贷款债务,旨在量化通过联邦公共卫生劳动力贷款偿还计划(PHWLRP)可以满足的需求,该计划是政策制定者提出的激励接受过公共卫生培训的人员在政府公共卫生领域就业的工具之一:我们分析了美国国家教育统计中心(National Center for Education Statistics College Scorecard)提供的 2018-2019 学年联邦学生贷款数据。我们将这些数据与中学后教育综合数据系统(Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System)合并,以估算所授予学位的数量。我们使用斯皮尔曼秩相关法比较了不同授予水平(学士、硕士和博士学位)的债务与年收入之间的关系:在所有学位授予水平中,与公共卫生教育相关的联邦学生贷款债务中位数为 33 366 美元。毕业 1 年后,博士学位毕业生的年收入中位数为 80687 美元,学士学位毕业生的年收入中位数为 33279 美元:在政策制定者试图加强公共卫生人才队伍建设,重点资助和实施 PHWLRP 的过程中,应考虑现有的学生债务水平,以确保 PHWLRP 等项目得到资助,并反映毕业生和政府公共卫生雇主的需求。
{"title":"Federal Student Loan Debt in Public Health and the Opportunities for Loan Repayment Programs.","authors":"Margaret Tait, Emily Burke, Tim Leshan, Adriane Casalotti, Heather Krasna, Jonathon P Leider","doi":"10.1177/00333549231223712","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00333549231223712","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>A need persists for graduates with public health training in government public health roles; however, earnings for these positions tend to be lower when compared with earnings for people with undergraduate or graduate training who are working in other sectors, such as private health care or pharmaceuticals. This study assessed federal student loan debt associated with education for public health, with an aim to quantify the need that may be met through the federal Public Health Workforce Loan Repayment Program (PHWLRP), which is one tool that policy makers have proposed to incentivize people with public health training to pursue employment in government public health.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analyzed federal student loan data provided by the National Center for Education Statistics College Scorecard for the 2018-2019 academic year. We merged these data with the Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System to estimate the number of degrees awarded. We used Spearman rank correlation to compare associations between debt and annual earnings by award level (bachelor's, master's, and doctoral degrees).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Across all award levels, the median level of federal student loan debt associated with education for public health was $33 366. The median annual earnings 1 year after graduation were $80 687 for graduates with doctoral degrees and $33 279 for graduates with bachelor's degrees.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>As policy makers attempt to strengthen the public health workforce with a focus on funding and implementing the PHWLRP, the existing levels of student debt should be considered to ensure that programs such as the PHWLRP are funded and reflect the needs of graduates and government public health employers.</p>","PeriodicalId":20793,"journal":{"name":"Public Health Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11284978/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139571198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-01Epub Date: 2024-02-27DOI: 10.1177/00333549241227160
Kimberly Knicely, John W Loonsk, Janet J Hamilton, Annie Fine, Laura A Conn
Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the need for a nationwide health information technology solution that could improve upon manual case reporting and decrease the clinical and administrative burden on the US health care system. We describe the development, implementation, and nationwide expansion of electronic case reporting (eCR), including its effect on public health surveillance and pandemic readiness.
Methods: Multidisciplinary teams developed and implemented a standards-based, shared, scalable, and interoperable eCR infrastructure during 2014-2020. From January 27, 2020, to January 7, 2023, the team conducted a nationwide scale-up effort and determined the number of eCR-capable electronic health record (EHR) products, the number of reportable conditions available within the infrastructure, and technical connections of health care organizations (HCOs) and jurisdictional public health agencies (PHAs) to the eCR infrastructure. The team also conducted data quality studies to determine whether HCOs were discontinuing manual case reporting and early results of eCR timeliness.
Results: During the study period, the number of eCR-capable EHR products developed or in development increased 11-fold (from 3 to 33), the number of reportable conditions available increased 28-fold (from 6 to 173), the number of HCOs connected to the eCR infrastructure increased 143-fold (from 153 to 22 000), and the number of jurisdictional PHAs connected to the eCR infrastructure increased 2.75-fold (from 24 to 66). Data quality reviews with PHAs resulted in select HCOs discontinuing manual case reporting and using eCR-exclusive case reporting in 13 PHA jurisdictions. The timeliness of eCR was <1 minute.
Practice implications: The growth of eCR can revolutionize public health case surveillance by producing data that are more timely and complete than manual case reporting while reducing reporting burden.
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Pub Date : 2024-07-01Epub Date: 2023-12-18DOI: 10.1177/00333549231208642
Samrawit G Ashenafi, Gisela Medina Martinez, Tara C Jatlaoui, Ram Koppaka, Moria Byrne-Zaaloff, Adolph P Falcón, Alexa Frank, Sheree H Keitt, Katherine Matus, Synovia Moss, Charmaine Ruddock, Tracy Sun, Mary B Waterman, Tsu-Yin Wu
Vaccination disparities are part of a larger system of health inequities among racial and ethnic groups in the United States. To increase vaccine equity of racial and ethnic populations, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) designed the Partnering for Vaccine Equity program in January 2021, which funded and supported national, state, local, and community organizations in 50 states-which include Indian Health Service Tribal Areas; Washington, DC; and Puerto Rico-to implement culturally tailored activities to improve access to, availability of, and confidence in COVID-19 and influenza vaccines. To increase vaccine uptake at the local level, CDC partnered with national organizations such as the National Urban League and Asian & Pacific Islander American Health Forum to engage community-based organizations to take action. Lessons learned from the program include the importance of directly supporting and engaging with the community, providing tailored messages and access to vaccines to reach communities where they are, training messengers who are trusted by those in the community, and providing support to funded partners through trainings on program design and implementation that can be institutionalized and sustained beyond the COVID-19 pandemic. Building on these lessons will ensure CDC and other public health partners can continue to advance vaccine equity, increase vaccine uptake, improve health outcomes, and build trust with communities as part of a comprehensive adult immunization infrastructure.
{"title":"Design and Implementation of a Federal Program to Engage Community Partners to Reduce Disparities in Adult COVID-19 Immunization Uptake, United States, 2021-2022.","authors":"Samrawit G Ashenafi, Gisela Medina Martinez, Tara C Jatlaoui, Ram Koppaka, Moria Byrne-Zaaloff, Adolph P Falcón, Alexa Frank, Sheree H Keitt, Katherine Matus, Synovia Moss, Charmaine Ruddock, Tracy Sun, Mary B Waterman, Tsu-Yin Wu","doi":"10.1177/00333549231208642","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00333549231208642","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Vaccination disparities are part of a larger system of health inequities among racial and ethnic groups in the United States. To increase vaccine equity of racial and ethnic populations, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) designed the Partnering for Vaccine Equity program in January 2021, which funded and supported national, state, local, and community organizations in 50 states-which include Indian Health Service Tribal Areas; Washington, DC; and Puerto Rico-to implement culturally tailored activities to improve access to, availability of, and confidence in COVID-19 and influenza vaccines. To increase vaccine uptake at the local level, CDC partnered with national organizations such as the National Urban League and Asian & Pacific Islander American Health Forum to engage community-based organizations to take action. Lessons learned from the program include the importance of directly supporting and engaging with the community, providing tailored messages and access to vaccines to reach communities where they are, training messengers who are trusted by those in the community, and providing support to funded partners through trainings on program design and implementation that can be institutionalized and sustained beyond the COVID-19 pandemic. Building on these lessons will ensure CDC and other public health partners can continue to advance vaccine equity, increase vaccine uptake, improve health outcomes, and build trust with communities as part of a comprehensive adult immunization infrastructure.</p>","PeriodicalId":20793,"journal":{"name":"Public Health Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11339670/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138807230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}