Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics最新文献

英文中文

Analysis method of explosive electromagnetic radiation energy 爆炸电磁辐射能量分析方法

IF 1.8 4区工程技术 Q3 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED

Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics

Pub Date : 2024-03-27 DOI: 10.1002/prep.202300276

Yuanbo Cui, Jian Jiang

The energy of electromagnetic radiation from explosions is coupled to electronic equipment circuits, disrupting the initiation sequence or causing failure in an increasing number of cases, which seriously affects the stability of weapon systems. There is a significant difference between the characteristics of the explosive electromagnetic radiation signals and modulated electromagnetic signals. The electric field intensity and signal power cannot directly represent the magnitude of the explosive electromagnetic radiation energy, and traditional electromagnetic signal analysis methods are unsuitable for explosion electromagnetic signal analysis. To solve this problem, the mechanism of explosive electromagnetic radiation was first analyzed. Through verification experiments of the explosion electromagnetic intensity and temperature, it was concluded that there is a strong correlation between the explosion plasma temperature and electromagnetic intensity. The temperature of the explosive plasma is derived based on the measured surface temperature of the explosive fireball, a functional relationship is established between the energy of the explosive plasma and the temperature of the plasma, and plasma energy is introduced as a parameter for electric field intensity correction. The interference signal analysis method based on eye diagram is used to calibrate the electromagnetic radiation damage ability, achieving quantitative analysis of the interference degree of electromagnetic radiation energy on the signal, and providing a new approach for the analysis of explosive electromagnetic radiation energy.

爆炸产生的电磁辐射能量与电子设备电路耦合，破坏启动顺序或导致故障的情况越来越多，严重影响武器系统的稳定性。爆炸电磁辐射信号的特性与调制电磁信号有很大区别。电场强度和信号功率不能直接代表爆炸电磁辐射能量的大小，传统的电磁信号分析方法不适合爆炸电磁信号分析。为解决这一问题，首先分析了爆炸电磁辐射的机理。通过对爆炸电磁强度和温度的验证实验，得出爆炸等离子体温度与电磁强度之间存在很强的相关性。根据测得的爆炸火球表面温度推导出爆炸等离子体的温度，建立了爆炸等离子体能量与等离子体温度之间的函数关系，并引入等离子体能量作为电场强度修正的参数。利用基于眼图的干扰信号分析方法对电磁辐射损伤能力进行标定，实现了电磁辐射能量对信号干扰程度的定量分析，为爆炸电磁辐射能量分析提供了一种新方法。

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引用次数: 0

Future Articles: Prop., Explos., Pyrotech. {{IID:next}}/{{CRYR.YEAR:ifnext}} 未来文章：Prop.{{IID:next}}/{{CRYR.YEAR:ifnext}}。

IF 1.8 4区工程技术 Q3 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED

Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics

Pub Date : 2024-03-19 DOI: 10.1002/prep.202480399

引用次数: 0

Cover Picture: (Prop., Explos., Pyrotech. 3/2024) 封面图片：（Prop.）

IF 1.8 4区工程技术 Q3 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED

Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics

Pub Date : 2024-03-19 DOI: 10.1002/prep.202480301

引用次数: 0

Contents: Prop., Explos., Pyrotech. 3/2024 内容：Prop.3/2024

IF 1.8 4区工程技术 Q3 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED

Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics

Pub Date : 2024-03-19 DOI: 10.1002/prep.202480311

引用次数: 0

Forthcoming Meetings: Prop., Explos., Pyrotech. 3/2024 即将召开的会议：Prop.3/2024

IF 1.8 4区工程技术 Q3 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED

Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics

Pub Date : 2024-03-19 DOI: 10.1002/prep.202480398

引用次数: 0

In Memoriam James Callaway 1968 to 2024 悼念詹姆斯-卡拉韦 1968 年至 2024 年

IF 1.8 4区工程技术 Q3 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED

Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics

Pub Date : 2024-03-18 DOI: 10.1002/prep.202400047

James (Jim) Callaway was a pyrotechnician who passed away in January 2024. Most of his career was with the United Kingdom's Ministry of Defence (MOD) where his research focused on countermeasures, and on pyrotechnic formulation, lifetime and defect investigations. Jim was well known in the pyrotechnics community publishing at International Pyrotechnic Society seminars (IPS) on a wide range of topics and often acted as organiser and session chair. In 2005, Jim was a member of the team that received a prestigious TTCP (The Technical Cooperation Programme) award for work on Red Phosphorus, its characterisation and possible replacement. The work was subsequently published 1.

During his career Jim registered several patents on infra-red emitting decoy flares. He later worked for Adam Cumming as the pyrotechnic focus for advice and assessment for MOD. This included devising and assessing United Kingdom research programmes as well leading several international collaborations in this area across the world. Jim had an insatiable curiosity about his subject and also the work of others. This also extended to culture and food!

Jim's later career in central MOD developed this interest in ensuring that up-to-date knowledge was available to support strategy and work programmes.

His interest in developing people and research meant he played an active part in the IPS where in 2004 Jim became a trustee of the Frank Carver Bursary. This fund, which was established following the 1989 IPS Conference in Jersey, has supported more than thirty early-career scientists enabling them to attend IPS meetings. It was and remains a critical support to the technology.

While that support will continue building on what he achieved, Jim will be missed by all that knew him.

Adam Cumming

Formerly Dstl and now Hon Professor University of Edinburgh

Trevor Griffiths

Formerly QinetiQ

詹姆斯-卡拉威（James (Jim) Callaway）是一名烟火学家，于 2024 年 1 月去世。他职业生涯的大部分时间都在英国国防部（MOD）工作，他的研究重点是反制措施以及烟火剂配方、寿命和缺陷调查。吉姆在烟火学界享有盛誉，曾在国际烟火学会（IPS）的研讨会上就广泛的主题发表文章，并经常担任组织者和会议主席。2005 年，吉姆所在的团队因研究红磷、红磷的特性和可能的替代品而获得了著名的 TTCP（技术合作计划）奖。在他的职业生涯中，吉姆注册了多项关于红外发射诱饵照明弹的专利。后来，他在亚当-卡明公司（Adam Cumming）工作，负责为国防部提供烟火方面的建议和评估。这包括设计和评估英国的研究计划，以及领导该领域在全球范围内的多项国际合作。吉姆对自己的研究课题和他人的工作有着永不满足的好奇心。他对人才培养和研究的兴趣意味着他在国际公共政策协会中发挥着积极的作用，2004 年，吉姆成为弗兰克-卡弗助学金的受托人。该基金是 1989 年在泽西岛举行的国际行星协会会议之后设立的，已经资助了三十多位早期职业科学家，使他们能够参加国际行星协会的会议。虽然这种支持将在吉姆取得的成就基础上继续下去，但所有认识吉姆的人都会怀念他。亚当-卡明（Adam Cumming）前 Dstl，现任爱丁堡大学荣誉教授特雷弗-格里菲思（Trevor Griffiths）前 QinetiQ

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引用次数: 0

Thermal chemistry and decomposition behaviors of energetic materials with trimerizing furoxan skeleton 具有三聚呋喃骨架的高能材料的热化学和分解行为

IF 1.8 4区工程技术 Q3 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED

Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics

Pub Date : 2024-03-15 DOI: 10.1002/prep.202300267

Jing Zhou, Meng Huang, Junlin Zhang, Lianjie Zhai, Yilin Cao, Xiaocong Wang, Lili Qiu, Bozhou Wang, Zihui Meng

Trimerizing furoxans are ideal molecular skeletons for the construction of high energetic substances due to their compact structures and high enthalpy of formations. To explore and compare the thermal behaviors of energetic materials with tandem trimerizing furoxan molecular skeleton, we reported the first systematic research on the thermochemical behaviors and decomposition mechanism of 3,4‐bis(3‐fluorodinitromethylfuroxan‐4‐yl)furoxan (BFTF), 3,4‐bis(3‐cyanofurazan)furazan oxide (BCTFO) and benzotrifuroxan (BTF). According to the research results of the DSC‐TG experiments, both the substituted furoxan based energetic compounds (BCTFO and BFTF) exhibited low melting points and complicated thermal decomposition behaviors around 240 °C, while the melting point of unsubstituted furoxan (BTF) was much higher. Their detailed decomposition mechanisms were proposed based on the experimental results through tandem techniques including in‐situ FTIR spectroscopy method and DSC‐TG‐FTIR‐MS quadruple technology, which indicated that the cleavage of substituent would trigger the decompositions of BFTF and the decomposition of trimerizing furoxan skeletons almost synchronous occurrence with substituents in BCTFO. The self‐oxidation‐reduction of the linear and annular trimerizing furoxans lead to similar decomposition fragmented small molecule products.

三聚呋喃具有结构紧凑、形成焓高的特点，是构建高能物质的理想分子骨架。为了探索和比较具有串联三聚呋喃分子骨架的高能材料的热行为，我们首次系统研究了3,4-双（3-氟二硝基甲基呋喃-4-基）呋喃（BFTF）、3,4-双（3-氰基呋喃）氧化呋喃（BCTFO）和苯并三呋喃（BTF）的热化学行为和分解机理。根据 DSC-TG 实验的研究结果，两种取代的呋喃类高能化合物（BCTFO 和 BFTF）在 240 ℃ 左右都表现出较低的熔点和复杂的热分解行为，而未取代的呋喃类化合物（BTF）的熔点要高得多。根据原位傅立叶变换红外光谱法和 DSC-TG-FTIR-MS 四重技术等串联技术的实验结果，提出了它们的详细分解机理，表明取代基的裂解会引发 BFTF 的分解，而三聚呋喃骨架的分解几乎与 BCTFO 中取代基的裂解同步发生。线性和环状三聚呋喃的自氧化还原反应会产生类似的分解碎片小分子产物。

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引用次数: 0

Risk assessment of war wrecks – a comprehensive approach investigating four wrecks containing munitions in the German Bight/North Sea 战争沉船的风险评估--对德国湾/北海四艘载有弹药的沉船进行综合调查的方法

IF 1.8 4区工程技术 Q3 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED

Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics

Pub Date : 2024-03-15 DOI: 10.1002/prep.202300322

Sven Bergmann, Matthias Brenner, Jennifer Susanne Strehse, Tobias Hartwig Bünning, Edmund Maser, Philipp Grassel, David Heuskin, David Brandt, Marco Berger, Simon van der Wulp, Mathew Skellhorn, Polly Hill, Sven Van Haelst, Maarten De Rijcke, Uwe Wichert

Shipwrecks and dumped munition continue to be a major hazard, both in the North Sea but also on a global scale. Research within the EU Interreg project North Sea Wrecks (NSW), in cooperation with the German Aerospace Centre, Institute for the Protection of Maritime Infrastructures (DLR), is generating new insights into the status of wrecks, the potential leakage of pollutants from remaining munitions loads and the effects of contamination on exposed marine organisms in the North Sea environment. Further, historical documents are generated from archives to describe ship's history and sinking scenario. These historical findings were compared to models and images of the visual inspections of the wrecks. Further, samples of water, sediment and organisms are being analysed for traces of explosives. Combining the results of these different fields of research allows for a better understanding of the environmental risks deriving from these wrecks. This process is shown below by focusing on the wreck of the German light cruiser SMS MAINZ, which sank in 1914. Data were compared to three additional wrecks situated also within the southern German Bight. Available data about the wrecks were preliminary assessed using a wreck risk model. Finally, wrecks were ranked according to their potential environmental risk.

无论是在北海还是在全球范围内，沉船和倾弃弹药仍然是一个重大危险。欧盟区域间项目 "北海沉船"（NSW）与德国航空航天中心海洋基础设施保护研究所（DLR）合作开展研究，对沉船状况、残留弹药可能造成的污染物泄漏以及污染对暴露在北海环境中的海洋生物的影响有了新的认识。此外，还从档案中生成历史文件，以描述船舶的历史和沉没情况。这些历史发现与沉船目视检查的模型和图像进行了比较。此外，还对水、沉积物和生物样本进行分析，以寻找爆炸物的踪迹。结合这些不同领域的研究成果，可以更好地了解这些沉船带来的环境风险。下面以 1914 年沉没的德国轻巡洋舰 SMS MAINZ 号残骸为重点，展示了这一过程。数据与同样位于德国南部海湾的另外三艘沉船进行了比较。使用沉船风险模型对沉船的现有数据进行了初步评估。最后，根据沉船的潜在环境风险对其进行了排序。

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引用次数: 0

Deterioration study of sea‐dumped munitions in the eastern Scheldt 东斯海尔德河海弃弹药劣化研究

IF 1.8 4区工程技术 Q3 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED

Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics

Pub Date : 2024-03-15 DOI: 10.1002/prep.202300302

J. H. den Otter, M. C. Olde, W. van de Steeg, A. W. F. Volker, A. E. D. M. van der Heijden

Vast amounts of surplus ammunition were dumped in surface waters around the world. After degradation and corrosion of shells, both metal compounds and the energetic contents of the ammunition end up in the environment. These compounds or their metabolites are toxic to the environment and human health. Also in the Netherlands, ammunition was dumped over a period of several decades after World War II at several marine sites. One of these dumpsites is the Eastern Scheldt near Zierikzee. During the monitoring campaign of the ammunition dumpsite in the Eastern Scheldt in 2020, ammunition items were surfaced. The corrosion and presence of leak pathways of sea‐dumped munition were studied for a selection of munition items after being more than 50 years on the seabed in the Eastern Scheldt. For some of the items an estimated uniform corrosion rate of 0.01–0.03 mm/year was determined. Furthermore, a non‐destructive inspection technique based on an ultrasonic method was applied to measure the casing thickness profile. The obtained results corresponded well with the manually determined thickness profiles. The ultrasound method opens the possibility to measure the casing thickness of even intact munition items, thus avoiding the dissection of the munition item and removal of the explosive fill.

大量过剩弹药被倾倒在世界各地的地表水中。在炮弹降解和腐蚀后，弹药中的金属化合物和高能物质最终会进入环境。这些化合物或其代谢物对环境和人类健康有毒。同样在荷兰，第二次世界大战后的几十年间，弹药被倾倒在几个海洋垃圾场。其中一个倾倒地点是 Zierikzee 附近的东斯海尔德河。在 2020 年对东斯海尔德河弹药倾弃场进行监测期间，发现了弹药物品。在东斯海尔德河海底放置 50 多年后，对部分弹药的腐蚀情况和海上倾弃弹药的泄漏途径进行了研究。对其中一些弹药的均匀腐蚀率估计为 0.01-0.03 毫米/年。此外，还采用了基于超声波方法的无损检测技术来测量套管的厚度轮廓。所得结果与人工测定的厚度轮廓非常吻合。超声波方法甚至可以测量完整弹药的外壳厚度，从而避免了拆卸弹药和去除爆炸填充物。

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引用次数: 0

Numerical simulation of the effect of multiple factors on the ignition process of a solid rocket motor 多因素对固体火箭发动机点火过程影响的数值模拟

IF 1.8 4区工程技术 Q3 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED

Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics

Pub Date : 2024-03-15 DOI: 10.1002/prep.202300198

Zexu Li, Jianzhong Liu, Wenke Zhang, Zhenwei Ye, Bin Yang

With the continuous development of manned space technology, higher requirements have been proposed for solid rocket motors. The ignition process of solid rocket motors affects the reliability, stability and safety of their operation. The ignition powder, cover opening pressure and grain length‐diameter ratio are the main factors affecting the ignition process. Therefore, the influence of different factors on the ignition process of solid rocket motors is studied with numerical simulations. Based on the finite volume method, the ignition process of a solid rocket motor is modelled and experimentally verified. Then, the pressure and temperature distribution characteristics during the ignition delay, flame propagation and gas filling times are analysed. Finally, the effects of different ignition powders, cover opening pressures and length‐diameter ratios on the ignition process are compared and analysed. The results show that the model has high prediction accuracy. When the ignition powder is 6 g, the maximum combustion temperature of solid rocket motor increases from 2590 K to 2620 K between 0.1 ms and 0.44 ms. Between 0.44 ms and 3.18 ms, intermittent flame propagation and pressure oscillations occur. In the gas filling time, the flow field gradually stabilizes. Increasing the ignition powder mass is beneficial to the ignition process, but the disadvantages of pressure oscillations should be considered. Increasing the cover opening pressure enhances the ignition process, while increasing the length‐diameter ratio increases the ignition pressure building time. The study results provide technical support for the structural design of solid rocket motors.

随着载人航天技术的不断发展，对固体火箭发动机提出了更高的要求。固体火箭发动机的点火过程影响着其运行的可靠性、稳定性和安全性。点火粉、盖板开口压力和颗粒长径比是影响点火过程的主要因素。因此，通过数值模拟研究了不同因素对固体火箭发动机点火过程的影响。基于有限体积法，对固体火箭发动机的点火过程进行了建模和实验验证。然后，分析了点火延迟、火焰传播和气体填充时间内的压力和温度分布特征。最后，比较和分析了不同点火粉、盖板开口压力和长径比对点火过程的影响。结果表明，该模型具有很高的预测精度。当点火粉为 6 g 时，固体火箭发动机的最高燃烧温度在 0.1 ms 至 0.44 ms 之间从 2590 K 升至 2620 K。在 0.44 毫秒到 3.18 毫秒之间，会出现间歇性火焰传播和压力振荡。在气体填充时间内，流场逐渐趋于稳定。增加点火粉质量对点火过程有利，但应考虑压力振荡的缺点。提高盖板开启压力可增强点火过程，而提高长径比则可增加点火压力形成时间。研究结果为固体火箭发动机的结构设计提供了技术支持。

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