PsyCh journal最新文献

Assessing adolescent body image is crucial for mental health interventions, yet traditional methods suffer from limited dimensional coverage, poor dynamic tracking, and weak ecological validity. To address these gaps, this study proposes a multidimensional evaluation using large language models (LLMs) and compares its criterion validity against a dictionary-based method and expert ratings. We defined four dimensions-perception, positive attitude, negative attitude, behavior-by reviewing the body-image literature and built a validated dictionary through expert ratings and iterative refinement. A four-step prompt-engineering process, incorporating role-playing and other optimization techniques, produced tailored prompts for LLM-based recognition. To validate these tools, we collected self-reported texts and scale scores from 194 university students, performed semantic analyses with Llama-3.1-70B, Qwen-Max, and DeepSeek-R1 using these prompts, and confirmed ecological validity on social media posts. Results indicate that our multidimensional dictionary correlated significantly with expert ratings across all four dimensions (r = 0.515-0.625), providing a solid benchmark. LLM-based assessments then outperformed both the dictionary and human ratings, with zero-shot LLMs achieving r = 0.664 in positive attitude (vs. expert r = 0.657) and DeepSeek-R1 reaching r = 0.722 in perception. Role-playing techniques significantly improved the validity in the perception dimension (Δr = +0.117). Consistency checks revealed that the DeepSeek model reduced error dispersion in extreme score ranges by 48.4% compared to human ratings, with the 95% consistency limits covering the fluctuations of human scores. Incremental validity analysis showed that LLMs could replace human evaluations in the perception dimension (ΔR ² = 0.220). In ecological validity checks, the Qwen model achieved a correlation of 0.651 in the social media behavior dimension-53.1% higher than the dictionary method. We found that LLMs demonstrated significant advantages in the multidimensional assessment of body image, offering a new intelligent approach to mental health measurement.

Humans use multiple frames of reference (FORs) to represent spatial information, for example, one egocentric FOR (anchored on the observer) and various intrinsic FORs (anchored on the objects in the environment). Previous studies have shown that the cognitive resource competition of FORs will lead to FOR-based conflicts (e.g., egocentric-intrinsic, intrinsic-intrinsic) and their interactions. However, it remains unclear whether these conflicts and their interactions occur during the cognitive process stage of stimulus-representation, response-selection, or both. In our study, on the basis of a modified two-cannon task, the spatial congruency and response congruency of two cannons (intrinsic FORs anchored) were manipulated to localize the two process stages of intrinsic-intrinsic conflict. The results revealed that intrinsic-intrinsic conflict was affected by both factors, indicating that response time (RT) in the spatially incongruent condition was longer than that in the spatially congruent condition and that RT in the response incongruent condition was longer than that in the response congruent condition. Furthermore, an interaction between egocentric-intrinsic and intrinsic-intrinsic conflicts was observed, showing that the egocentric-intrinsic conflict did not change between the spatially congruent and incongruent conditions but increased from the response congruent condition to the response incongruent condition. These findings suggest that intrinsic-intrinsic conflict occurs in both the stimulus-representation and response-selection stages, whereas egocentric-intrinsic conflict occurs only in the response-selection stage. The two conflicts share a common conflict processing mechanism in the response-selection stage.

The present research aimed to validate the Chinese version of the Scale of Perceived Overqualification (SPOQ), which assesses employees' perceptions of possessing more knowledge, skills, and abilities than their job requires. A preliminary meta-analytic review highlighted the need to evaluate the SPOQ's psychometric properties in different cultural contexts. In Study 1, exploratory factor analysis supported a single-factor structure of the SPOQ-Chinese version, and test-retest analysis confirmed its stability over a 2-week interval. In Study 2, confirmatory factor analysis demonstrated a good model fit, further verifying the scale's structural validity. Criterion-related validity was also supported, with significant correlations between perceived overqualification and relevant job-related and career-related variables. Overall, our findings suggest the SPOQ-Chinese version is an appropriate measure of perceived overqualification among Chinese employees.

Significant performance failures by athletes can have detrimental psychological effects, potentially leading to maladaptive coping mechanisms, performance anxiety, and psychological distress. The current study investigated if a brief writing intervention could combat the negative impact of recalled performance failures in a sample of competitive athletes. Initially, the athletes recalled an instance of a significant performance failure. Next, an Intervention group completed an expressive writing task based on the principles of cognitive restructuring and reframing, and a Control group completed a neutral writing task. The results indicated that both groups showed improvements in the outcome measures from pre-test to post-test. However, the magnitude of the reduced self-critical rumination behaviors, increased positive affect, and reduced negative affect was greater in the Intervention group than in the Control group. The current study highlights how an expressive writing task can combat negative rumination thoughts and affective reactions. Such brief interventions could be used by athletes during a break in a game or immediately following a game to address performance failures as they happen.

Subjective well-being is an essential construct in positive psychology and is linked with various physical and mental health outcomes in college students. This study examined the associations between different intensities of physical activity (PA) and multiple dimensions of subjective well-being at the beginning and end of a semester. A short-term longitudinal design was employed with a cohort of 743 undergraduate students (mean age = 19.63 years). Data on PA and subjective well-being indicators, including life satisfaction, positive affect, and negative affect, were collected during the third week of the semester and the week before final exams. The results revealed a significant decline in PA and life satisfaction, and a significant increase in negative affect from the beginning to the end of the semester. Vigorous-intensity PA at the semester's end showed a positive relationship with life satisfaction and positive affect, and a negative relationship with negative affect, while PA levels at the beginning of the semester did not predict subjective well-being at the semester's end. This study highlights the importance of vigorous-intensity PA in supporting subjective well-being during periods of academic stress. Universities should implement targeted programs to encourage vigorous-intensity PA to support student well-being.

Developmental researchers generally use a multi-informant approach to assess youth depressive symptoms to increase diagnostic accuracy and reliability, but informant discrepancies between youth and caregivers are common. Previous studies have predominantly used the sum score-level approach to examine informant discrepancies, which may obscure the heterogeneity of depression. This study adopted a symptom-level approach, network analysis, to examine informant discrepancies regarding depressive symptoms. The participant sample comprised 1043 community youth living in China (M _age = 13.68, 48.3% male) and their caregivers. Youth and caregivers completed the Children's Depression Inventory-Youth (CDI-Y) and the Children's Depression Inventory-Parents (CDI-P) separately. We employed R 4.3.0 and the Ising model to estimate two distinct networks. We then utilized the R-package Network Comparison Test to compare these two networks. Our findings revealed that irritability emerged as a symptom with high centrality in both networks, while crying demonstrated the most significant disparity in strength centrality, being stronger in the youth-report network. Youth-reported crying showed stronger connections with suicidal ideation (edge weight = 2.78), social withdrawal (edge weight = 1.72) and schoolwork difficulty (edge weight = 1.70), whereas caregivers-reported crying was more strongly associated with self-hatred (edge weight = 1.21). This study contributes to a better understanding of the structure of depressive symptoms from the perspectives of both youth and their caregivers.

Previous studies have implied that stress is a risk factor for depression, but relatively little is known about how healthy individuals' stress dynamically affects depression as a mood in daily life. Therefore, an ecological momentary assessment study was conducted among 141 college students to test the temporal dynamic effect of daily perceived stress on depression and the underlying mediating and moderating role of rumination. Perceived stress, state rumination, and depression were measured using self-compiled questionnaire three times a day over 12 days. Trait rumination was measured with the Nolen-Hoeksema Ruminative Response Scale. Hierarchical linear models with HLM 7.0 were adopted to examine the mediation and moderation effects. In the mediation model, the greater the daily perceived stress at time t, the higher the state rumination at time t + 1, and state rumination at t + 1 positively predicted college students' depression at t + 2. In the moderation model, trait rumination significantly facilitated perceived stress-induced depression. These results verified that daily perceived stress could affect college students' depression directly or indirectly through the critical mediating mechanism of state rumination, and this effect would be exacerbated with a higher level of trait rumination.

The Affect Regulation-based Resilience Scale (ARRS) was developed as an integrative tool to assess adults' psychological resilience. Utilizing a two-phase approach, the process consisted of item generation followed by rigorous psychometric evaluation. Initial interviews informed item selection, which subsequent analyses including confirmatory factor analysis and validity and reliability analysis using two adult samples (n = 424 and n = 425). Criterion-related validity was established by examination relationships between the ARRS, and key constructs: psychological resilience, stress-related growth, emotion regulation, coping, depression, anxiety, stress, and subjective well-being. The scale was developed through theoretical and empirical validation, identifying four dimensions (inner resources and goal orientation, positive stress mindset, self and life evaluation, and sensitivity) and comprising 34 validated items. Results indicated satisfactory item performance and good fit for the four-factor model. The ARRS demonstrated significant positive correlations with psychological resilience, stress-related growth, cognitive reappraisal, and subjective well-being, while showing negative correlation with depression, anxiety, expressive suppression and stressr. By integrating coping and emotion-regulation approaches, the ARRS represents a psychometrically robust measure for assessing adults' psychological resilience.

Emotion regulation choice (ERC) requires cognitive control resources. However, it remains unknown whether and how individuals' internal resource levels may influence their ERC. To address this question, 51 participants first performed a depletion or non-depletion cognitive task. Then, they were presented with negative pictures of high and low intensity and were required to choose distraction or reappraisal, to regulate their emotion, or watch (no regulation) the negative stimulus. The results indicated that individuals showed a greater usage preference for distraction in high-intensity emotional situations. Besides, individuals' choice of reappraisal was not affected by emotional intensity. More importantly, the depletion effects led to a significant increase in the choice of watch and reduced the choice of distraction (but not reappraisal). These results suggest that cognitive depletion weakens emotion regulation willingness and has different effects on distraction and reappraisal.

Originating from the self-determination theory, the authentic inner compass (AIC) enlightens people about their authentic values, interests, and life aspirations, functioning as an action-guiding schema. Previous studies have examined AIC among adolescents, but its significance for emerging adults is underexplored, especially in less autonomy-oriented cultures (e.g., Chinese cultures). Informed by the self-determination theory, the present study aimed to investigate the association between AIC and subjective well-being among Chinese emerging adults and examine further the mediating role of resilience and the moderating role of anxious attachment. A total of 155 Chinese emerging adults completed measures on AIC, resilience, anxious attachment, and subjective well-being. The results showed that AIC was positively associated with subjective well-being, and resilience fully mediated the association. Moreover, anxious attachment strengthened the positive link between AIC and resilience. The findings highlight the importance of AIC and resilience in boosting subjective well-being, emphasizing the significance of AIC for anxiously attached individuals. The moderated mediation model enriches the self-determination theory and resilience literature. Future practices aiming to promote the well-being of Chinese emerging adults may focus on fostering AIC and resilience and consider individual differences in attachment styles.