PsyCh journal最新文献

英文中文

The effect of psychotic proneness and psychopathy on theory of mind. 精神病倾向和精神变态对心理理论的影响。

IF 1.6 4区心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

PsyCh journal

Pub Date : 2024-02-01 Epub Date: 2023-10-20 DOI: 10.1002/pchj.689

Begüm Atakan, Elif Yildirim

This study aimed to investigate the interaction between positive psychotic experiences and psychopathic traits on the theory of mind in a non-clinical sample. The results showed that distinct constructs of psychopathy can lead to distinct theory of mind profiles when interacting with psychotic proneness.

本研究旨在调查非临床样本中积极的精神病经历与心理理论上的精神病特征之间的相互作用。结果表明，当与精神病倾向性相互作用时，不同的精神病结构可以导致不同的心理特征理论。

引用次数: 0

Predicting rock-paper-scissors choices based on single-trial EEG signals. 基于单次试验脑电图信号预测岩石剪刀的选择。

IF 1.6 4区心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

PsyCh journal

Pub Date : 2024-02-01 Epub Date: 2023-10-31 DOI: 10.1002/pchj.688

Zetong He, Lidan Cui, Shunmin Zhang, Guibing He

Decision prediction based on neurophysiological signals is of great application value in many real-life situations, especially in human-AI collaboration or counteraction. Single-trial analysis of electroencephalogram (EEG) signals is a very valuable step in the development of an online decision-prediction system. However, previous EEG-based decision-prediction methods focused mainly on averaged EEG signals of all decision-making trials to predict an individual's general decision tendency (e.g., risk seeking or aversion) over a period rather than on a specific decision response in a single trial. In the present study, we used a rock-paper-scissors game, which is a common multichoice decision-making task, to explore how to predict participants' single-trial choice with EEG signals. Forty participants, comprising 20 females and 20 males, played the game with a computer player for 330 trials. Considering that the decision-making process of this game involves multiple brain regions and neural networks, we proposed a new algorithm named common spatial pattern-attractor metagene (CSP-AM) to extract CSP features from different frequency bands of EEG signals that occurred during decision making. The results showed that a multilayer perceptron classifier achieved an accuracy significantly exceeding the chance level among 88.57% (31 of 35) of participants, verifying the classification ability of CSP features in multichoice decision-making prediction. We believe that the CSP-AM algorithm could be used in the development of proactive AI systems.

基于神经生理学信号的决策预测在许多现实生活中具有很大的应用价值，尤其是在人类人工智能协作或对抗中。脑电图（EEG）信号的单次试验分析是开发在线决策预测系统的一个非常有价值的步骤。然而，以前基于EEG的决策预测方法主要关注所有决策试验的平均EEG信号，以预测个体在一段时间内的总体决策倾向（例如，风险寻求或厌恶），而不是单个试验中的特定决策反应。在本研究中，我们使用石头剪刀游戏（一种常见的多选择决策任务）来探索如何利用脑电图信号预测参与者的单一试验选择。40名参与者，包括20名女性和20名男性，与一名电脑玩家进行了330次测试。考虑到该游戏的决策过程涉及多个大脑区域和神经网络，我们提出了一种新的算法，称为公共空间模式吸引子元基因（CSP-AM），以从决策过程中发生的脑电信号的不同频带中提取CSP特征。结果表明，多层感知器分类器在88.57%（35人中的31人）的参与者中获得了显著超过机会水平的准确率，验证了CSP特征在多选择决策预测中的分类能力。我们相信CSP-AM算法可以用于开发主动式人工智能系统。

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引用次数: 0

Social and non-social reward processing in subclinical depression. 亚临床抑郁症的社会和非社会奖励处理。

IF 1.6 4区心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

PsyCh journal

Pub Date : 2024-02-01 Epub Date: 2023-10-31 DOI: 10.1002/pchj.691

Yu Chen, Yi-Hang Huang, Ling-Ling Wang, Hui-Xin Hu, Min-Yi Chu, Simon S Y Lui, Raymond C K Chan

This study applied two incentive delay tasks involving social and non-social incentive types to 76 pairs of participants with high and low depressive symptoms. The results suggest that higher levels of depressive symptoms are correlated with abnormalities in social and non-social reward processing even in the healthy populations.

本研究将两种涉及社会和非社会激励类型的激励延迟任务应用于76对具有高抑郁症状和低抑郁症状的参与者。研究结果表明，即使在健康人群中，较高水平的抑郁症状也与社交和非社交奖励处理的异常有关。

引用次数: 0

Voice attractiveness and decision making in third-party punishment. 第三方处罚中的声音吸引力和决策。

IF 1.6 4区心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

PsyCh journal

Pub Date : 2024-02-01 Epub Date: 2023-10-31 DOI: 10.1002/pchj.690

Junchen Shang, Zhihui Liu, Chang Hong Liu

This study examined the impact of an attractive voice compared to an unattractive voice in an economic game. Results showed that proposers with an attractive voice were perceived as more reasonable in their monetary allocations and were less likely to receive punishment for unfair allocation.

这项研究考察了在经济游戏中，有吸引力的声音与没有吸引力的声音的影响。结果表明，声音有吸引力的提案人在货币分配方面被认为更合理，不太可能因分配不公平而受到惩罚。

引用次数: 0

Interpersonal distance perception during the normalization of an pandemic situation: Effects of mask-wearing and vaccination 大流行病常态化期间的人际距离感知：戴口罩和接种疫苗的影响

IF 1.6 4区心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

PsyCh journal

Pub Date : 2023-12-17 DOI: 10.1002/pchj.719

Xiaoqing Yu, Chun-Hsien Chen, Ziqing Xia, Congyi Wang, Wei Xiong

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of anti-pandemic measures, including wearing a face mask and receiving vaccinations, on interpersonal distance (IPD) during the normalization stage of the COVID-19 pandemic. Virtual reality (VR) technology was used to simulate the experimental environment and a confederate in different conditions. Thirty-one participants were asked to approach the virtual confederate, who could exhibit three vaccination states and two mask-wearing conditions, actively and passively in both indoor and outdoor environments. ANOVA results showed that the participants kept a smaller IPD from the confederate wearing a face mask (IPD = 125.6 cm) than from the one without a face mask (IPD = 154.2 cm). The effects of vaccination states were significant, with the largest distance for an unvaccinated confederate (IPD = 182.3 cm) and the smallest distance for the confederate who had received a booster vaccine (IPD = 111.5 cm). Significant effects of environment were also found, with the participants maintaining a larger IPD in an outdoor environment (IPD = 143.4 cm) than in an indoor room (IPD = 136.4 cm). Additionally, the IPD collected when the participants were passively approached (IPD = 149.6 cm) was significantly larger than that obtained when they actively approached the confederate (IPD = 130.3 cm). Moreover, when the participants faced a confederate who had received a booster vaccine and wore a mask, the IPD was not significantly different from that collected before the COVID-19 pandemic in both the active and passive patterns. These findings help us to better understand the nature of IPD and human behaviors during the normalization stage of the pandemic and provide scientific suggestions for policymakers to develop pandemic-prevention measures.

本研究旨在评估在 COVID-19 大流行的正常化阶段，戴口罩和接种疫苗等抗大流行措施对人际距离（IPD）的影响。研究人员利用虚拟现实（VR）技术模拟了不同条件下的实验环境和一名同伴。31 名参与者被要求在室内和室外环境中主动或被动地接近虚拟人，虚拟人可以表现出三种接种状态和两种戴口罩状态。方差分析结果表明，与戴口罩的虚拟人（IPD = 125.6 厘米）相比，参与者与不戴口罩的虚拟人（IPD = 154.2 厘米）保持的 IPD 更小。疫苗接种状态的影响非常明显，未接种疫苗的同伴的距离最大（IPD = 182.3 厘米），接种过加强疫苗的同伴的距离最小（IPD = 111.5 厘米）。环境也有显著影响，参与者在室外环境中的 IPD（IPD = 143.4 厘米）比在室内环境中的 IPD（IPD = 136.4 厘米）要大。此外，被动接近时收集到的 IPD（IPD = 149.6 厘米）明显大于主动接近知己时收集到的 IPD（IPD = 130.3 厘米）。此外，当参与者面对已接种加强型疫苗并佩戴口罩的对方时，无论是主动还是被动模式，其 IPD 与 COVID-19 大流行前收集到的 IPD 没有明显差异。这些发现有助于我们更好地理解大流行正常化阶段的IPD和人类行为的本质，并为决策者制定大流行预防措施提供科学建议。

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引用次数: 0

IF 1.6 4区心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

PsyCh journal

Pub Date : 2023-12-17 DOI: 10.1002/pchj.720

Bruno M. Salles, João V. Fadel, Daniel C. Mograbi

Empathic concern and personal distress are common vicarious emotional responses that arise when witnessing someone else's pain. However, the influence of perceived similarity on these responses remains unclear. In this study, we examined how perceived similarity with an injured target impacts vicarious emotional responses. A total of 87 participants watched a video of an athlete in pain preceded by a clip describing the athlete's trajectory, which indicated either high, moderate, or low similarity to the participants. Emotional self-reports, facial expressions, gaze behavior, and pupil diameter were measured as indicators of the participants' emotional responses. Participants in the moderate- and high-similarity groups exhibited greater empathic concern, as evidenced by their display of more sadness compared with those in the low-similarity group. Furthermore, those in the moderate-similarity group exhibited less avoidance by displaying reduced disgust, indicating lower personal distress compared with those in the low-similarity condition. Nevertheless, the high-similarity group displayed just as much disgust as the low-similarity group. These findings suggest that perceived similarity enhances empathic concern to others' suffering, but that high similarity can also lead to personal distress. Future studies on empathy should explore distinct vicarious states using multimodal measurements to further advance our understanding of these processes.

移情关注和个人痛苦是目睹他人痛苦时产生的常见替代性情绪反应。然而，感知到的相似性对这些反应的影响仍不清楚。在本研究中，我们研究了感知到的与受伤目标的相似性如何影响替代性情绪反应。共有 87 名参与者观看了一段运动员疼痛的视频，视频前还有一段描述运动员运动轨迹的片段，这些片段与参与者的相似度分别为高、中或低。情绪自我报告、面部表情、凝视行为和瞳孔直径被测量为参与者情绪反应的指标。与低相似度组的参与者相比，中度和高度相似度组的参与者表现出了更多的移情关怀，这体现在他们表现出了更多的悲伤情绪。此外，与低相似度组相比，中度相似度组的参与者表现出较少的回避，表现出较少的厌恶感，这表明他们的个人痛苦较低。然而，高相似度组与低相似度组一样表现出厌恶。这些发现表明，感知到的相似性会增强对他人痛苦的移情关注，但高相似性也会导致个人痛苦。未来有关移情的研究应使用多模态测量方法探索不同的替代状态，以进一步加深我们对这些过程的理解。

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引用次数: 0

Internet-based cognitive behaviour therapy for the prevention, treatment and relapse prevention of eating disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis 基于互联网的认知行为疗法用于饮食失调症的预防、治疗和复发预防：系统回顾和荟萃分析

IF 1.6 4区心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

PsyCh journal

Pub Date : 2023-12-17 DOI: 10.1002/pchj.715

Nilima Hamid

Eating disorders (EDs) are undertreated worldwide. In the UK the lag between recognition of symptoms and treatment ranges from about 15 months to in excess of 2 years. Internet-based cognitive behaviour therapy (ICBT) could be a viable alternative to face-to-face cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) that avoids the negative impacts of delayed interventions. Based on evidence from randomised controlled trials (RCTs), this systematic review investigated the efficacy of minimally guided self-help ICBT, without face-to-face therapy, for the prevention, treatment and relapse prevention of all types of EDs in adults. The electronic databases MEDLINE, PsychINFO, CENTRAL, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched between 1991 and 2021. Inclusion criteria specified RCTs with ICBT versus inactive comparison groups. The Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool-2 was used for quality assessments. Qualitative synthesis and meta-analyses were conducted. Findings typically showed medium significant beneficial effect sizes for prevention studies ranging from (−0.31 [95% CI: −0.57, −0.06] to −0.47 [95% CI: −0.82, −0.11]) and generally large effect sizes for the treatment studies ranging from (−0.30 [95% CI: −0.57, −0.03] to −1.11 [95% CI: −1.47, −0.75]). Relapse prevention studies yielded mainly small non-significant beneficial effects with significant effect sizes of (−0.29 [95% CI: −0.56, −0.03] and −0.43 [95% CI: −0.70, −0.16]). Only the treatment studies reached clinical significance and cognitive symptoms improved more than behavioural symptoms. ICBT appears to be efficacious for the prevention, treatment and relapse prevention of eating disorders with treatment interventions being the most beneficial. However, the evidence base is very small, particularly for treatment and relapse prevention, indicating the need for more high-quality RCTs.

全世界对饮食失调症（ED）的治疗都不充分。在英国，从发现症状到接受治疗的间隔时间从 15 个月到超过 2 年不等。基于互联网的认知行为疗法（ICBT）可以作为面对面认知行为疗法（CBT）的可行替代方案，避免延迟干预带来的负面影响。基于随机对照试验（RCTs）的证据，本系统性综述研究了在没有面对面治疗的情况下，以最少指导的自助式 ICBT 对预防、治疗和防止成人各种类型 ED 复发的疗效。研究人员检索了 1991 年至 2021 年间的 MEDLINE、PsychINFO、CENTRAL、Scopus 和 Web of Science 等电子数据库。纳入标准规定了 ICBT 与非活动对比组的 RCT。采用 Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool-2 进行质量评估。进行了定性综合和荟萃分析。研究结果通常显示，预防研究的有益效应大小为中等（-0.31 [95% CI：-0.57, -0.06]至-0.47 [95% CI：-0.82, -0.11]），治疗研究的效应大小一般较大（-0.30 [95% CI：-0.57, -0.03]至-1.11 [95% CI：-1.47, -0.75]）。复发预防研究主要产生了少量非显著的有益效应，显著效应大小为（-0.29 [95% CI：-0.56, -0.03]和-0.43 [95% CI：-0.70, -0.16]）。只有治疗研究达到了临床意义，认知症状的改善程度高于行为症状。ICBT似乎对饮食失调症的预防、治疗和复发有一定疗效，其中治疗干预最为有益。然而，证据基础非常小，尤其是在治疗和复发预防方面，这表明需要更多高质量的研究性试验。

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引用次数: 0

Self-truncated sampling produces more moderate covariation judgment and related decision than descriptive frequency information: The role of regressive frequency estimation 与描述性频率信息相比，自截断抽样产生的协变判断和相关决策更为温和：回归频率估计的作用

IF 1.6 4区心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

PsyCh journal

Pub Date : 2023-12-17 DOI: 10.1002/pchj.703

Xuhui Zhang, Junyi Dai

Covariation judgment underlies a diversity of psychological theories and influences various everyday decisions. Information about covariation can be learned from either a summary description of frequencies (i.e., contingency tables) or trial-by-trial experience (i.e., sampling individual instances). Two studies were conducted to investigate the impact of information learning mode (i.e., description vs. self-truncated sampling) on covariation judgment and related decision. In each trial under the description condition, participants were presented with a contingency table with explicit cell frequencies, whereas in each trial under the self-truncated sampling condition, participants were allowed to determine when to stop sampling instances and thus the actual sample size. To eliminate sampling error, an other-yoked (i.e., between-subject) design was used in this research so that cell frequencies shown in a trial under the description condition were matched with those experienced in a trial under the self-truncated sampling condition. Experiment 1 showed that the self-truncated sampling condition led to more moderate covariation judgments than the description condition (i.e., a description–experience gap). Experiment 2 demonstrated further that the same gap extended to covariation-related decisions in terms of relative contingent preference (RCP). Regressive frequency estimation under self-truncated sampling appeared to underlie the consistent gaps found in the two studies, whereas the impact of regressive diagnosticity (i.e., the same sample of instances was viewed as less diagnostic under description than under self-truncated sampling) or simultaneous overestimation and underweighting of rare instances under experience was not supported by the observed data. Future research might examine alternative accounts of the observed gaps, such as the impacts of belief updating and stopping rule under self-truncated sampling.

共变判断是各种心理学理论的基础，并影响着各种日常决策。有关协变的信息可以从频率的简要描述（即或然率表）或逐次试验经验（即对单个实例进行抽样）中获得。为了研究信息学习模式（即描述与自我截断取样）对协方差判断和相关决策的影响，我们进行了两项研究。在描述条件下的每次试验中，被试都会看到一个带有明确单元频率的或然率表；而在自我截断取样条件下的每次试验中，被试可以决定何时停止对实例的取样，从而决定实际的样本量。为了消除抽样误差，本研究采用了他者诱导（即主体间）设计，使描述条件下的试验中显示的单元频率与自我截断抽样条件下的试验中的单元频率相匹配。实验 1 表明，与描述条件相比，自我截断取样条件导致的共变判断更为温和（即描述-体验差距）。实验 2 进一步证明，在相对或然偏好（RCP）方面，同样的差距延伸到了与协变相关的决策。自截断抽样下的倒退频率估计似乎是这两项研究中发现的一致差距的基础，而倒退诊断性（即在描述条件下，同一实例样本被视为诊断性低于自截断抽样条件下）或经验条件下同时高估和低估罕见实例的影响并没有得到观察数据的支持。未来的研究可能会研究观察到的差距的其他解释，如自截断抽样下信念更新和停止规则的影响。

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引用次数: 0

Relationship between theta/beta ratio and mind wandering in schizotypy 精神分裂症患者的θ/β比率与思维游离之间的关系

IF 1.6 4区心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

PsyCh journal

Pub Date : 2023-12-17 DOI: 10.1002/pchj.711

Qin Zhang, Lu-xia Jia, Ji-fang Cui, Jun-yan Ye, Jia-li Liu, Wen-hao Lai, Hai-song Shi, Tian-xiao Yang, Ya Wang, Raymond C. K. Chan

Negative association was found between the frontal theta/beta ratio and mind wandering in participants with high schizotypal traits, while no such association was found in participants with low schizotypal traits. These findings provide insights into the neural mechanism of mind wandering in individuals with high schizotypal traits.

研究发现，在精神分裂症型特质较高的参与者中，额叶θ/β比率与思维游离之间存在负相关，而在精神分裂症型特质较低的参与者中则没有发现这种关联。这些发现有助于深入了解高度精神分裂症患者思维游离的神经机制。

引用次数: 0

The development of using function word “zài” to learn novel verbs in young Mandarin speakers 使用功能词 "zài "学习新颖动词对年轻普通话使用者的影响

IF 1.6 4区心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

PsyCh journal

Pub Date : 2023-12-17 DOI: 10.1002/pchj.710

Zhigang Li, Chenyue Liang, Jianing Zhong, Shuang Chen

The present research examined whether Mandarin-speaking children could use function words to learn novel verbs and recognize verbs in a new sentential context. In Experiment 1, 3- to 6-year-old children were taught two novel verbs supported by the verb marker “zài.” The 5- and 6-year-old children successfully used the function word “zài” to learn novel verbs, but the 3- and 4-year-olds failed to interpret the novel words as verbs. In Experiment 2 and 3, the children had to recognize the newly learned verbs in new sentences containing a different function word (a different verb-biased marker “le” or a non-verb-biased marker “shì”). Results showed that the 5-year-old children could recognize the newly learned verbs with another verb-biased marker “le,” but only the 6-year-old children could recognize the newly learned verbs with the non-verb-biased marker “shì.” The study verified that Mandarin-speaking children could use the function word “zài” to determine a novel word as a verb and revealed that such an ability appeared between the ages of 4 and 5 years. In addition, the ability to extend a newly learned verb across different morphosyntactic markers is developed in 5- to 6-year-olds.

本研究探讨了讲普通话的儿童能否利用功能词来学习新动词，并在新的句子语境中识别动词。在实验 1 中，3-6 岁儿童学习了两个由动词标记 "zài "支持的新动词。5 岁和 6 岁的儿童成功地使用功能词 "zài "学习了新动词，但 3 岁和 4 岁的儿童却未能将新词解释为动词。在实验 2 和 3 中，幼儿必须在含有不同功能词（不同的偏动词标记词 "le "或非偏动词标记词 "shì"）的新句子中识别新学的动词。结果表明，5 岁儿童能识别带有另一个动宾标记 "le "的新学动词，但只有 6 岁儿童能识别带有非动宾标记 "shì "的新学动词。该研究证实，讲普通话的儿童可以使用功能词 "zài "来判断一个新词是否为动词，并揭示了这种能力出现在 4 到 5 岁之间。此外，将新学动词扩展到不同形态句法标记的能力在 5 至 6 岁儿童中得到了发展。

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