Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.5455/rmj20221126063638
Zahraa Alzuhairi, T. Fadhel, Intisar Hasan
Objective: To determine the association between endometriosis and clotting abnormalities in relation to histopathological and ultrasound diagnosis. Methodology: This cross-sectional study included 125 females with endometriosis seen at Baqubah teaching hospital from April 2021 and June 2022. The women's ages varied from 21 to 43 years. Seventy-five had ultrasound-detected ovarian cysts, 48 had MRI-confirmed ovarian endometriosis, and 50 normal women served as controls. All women had thrombin time, prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, D-dimer, plasma fibrinogen, and INR tested. Results: The study had 125 females with mean age of 29±6 years. Histologically, 20.8% had endometrial gland and stroma and 11.2% had endometrial stroma. Endometriosis reduced PT, PTT, TT, and INR, but increased fibrinogen and D. dimer. There was significant association between ultrasound diagnosis and histopathological diagnosis of endometriosis. Conclusion: PT, PTT, INR, Fibrinogen, and D. dimer levels differ between histology and ultrasonography endometriosis diagnoses in women. Endometriosis patients showed greater fibrinogen and D. dimer levels and reduced PT, PTT, TT, and INR (INR).
{"title":"Coagulability state in histopathologicaly and radiologicaly approved ovarian endomertiosis","authors":"Zahraa Alzuhairi, T. Fadhel, Intisar Hasan","doi":"10.5455/rmj20221126063638","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/rmj20221126063638","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To determine the association between endometriosis and clotting abnormalities in relation to histopathological and ultrasound diagnosis. Methodology: This cross-sectional study included 125 females with endometriosis seen at Baqubah teaching hospital from April 2021 and June 2022. The women's ages varied from 21 to 43 years. Seventy-five had ultrasound-detected ovarian cysts, 48 had MRI-confirmed ovarian endometriosis, and 50 normal women served as controls. All women had thrombin time, prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, D-dimer, plasma fibrinogen, and INR tested. Results: The study had 125 females with mean age of 29±6 years. Histologically, 20.8% had endometrial gland and stroma and 11.2% had endometrial stroma. Endometriosis reduced PT, PTT, TT, and INR, but increased fibrinogen and D. dimer. There was significant association between ultrasound diagnosis and histopathological diagnosis of endometriosis. Conclusion: PT, PTT, INR, Fibrinogen, and D. dimer levels differ between histology and ultrasonography endometriosis diagnoses in women. Endometriosis patients showed greater fibrinogen and D. dimer levels and reduced PT, PTT, TT, and INR (INR).","PeriodicalId":20844,"journal":{"name":"Rawal Medical Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70840822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.5455/rmj.20230525070004
Yong Kim
Ameloblastoma is a slowly growing, locally invasive tumor that primarily originates from enamel tissue and odontogenic epithelium. On the brain magnetic resonance imaging of a 34-year-old female patient, a 3cm-sized cystic mass was gound in the right maxillary sinus. A computed tomography of the paranasal sinuses with contrast enhancement showed irregular internal contrast enhancement occupying the space in the right maxillary sinus. A right endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) showed a cystic mass and extensive tissue sampling was conducted. Histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of ameloblastoma. Concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRTx) was administered by oncology and radiation oncology departments. Three years follow up showed no recurrence.
{"title":"A case of unicystic ameloblastoma of maxillary sinus: A rare case report","authors":"Yong Kim","doi":"10.5455/rmj.20230525070004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/rmj.20230525070004","url":null,"abstract":"Ameloblastoma is a slowly growing, locally invasive tumor that primarily originates from enamel tissue and odontogenic epithelium. On the brain magnetic resonance imaging of a 34-year-old female patient, a 3cm-sized cystic mass was gound in the right maxillary sinus. A computed tomography of the paranasal sinuses with contrast enhancement showed irregular internal contrast enhancement occupying the space in the right maxillary sinus. A right endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) showed a cystic mass and extensive tissue sampling was conducted. Histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of ameloblastoma. Concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRTx) was administered by oncology and radiation oncology departments. Three years follow up showed no recurrence.","PeriodicalId":20844,"journal":{"name":"Rawal Medical Journal","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135357646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.5455/rmj.20230118083738
Sahar Razzaq, Sahar fartosy, Rana Abdulkadeer
Objective: To evaluate whether or not acetic acid-moistened intravaginal misoprostol is more effective than dry intravaginal misoprostol for inducing abortion at fewer than 24 weeks of gestation. Methodology: This cross-sectional study was performed at Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Al-Imamein Al-Kadhimain Medical City (IKMC), Baghdad from January to May 2022. Fifty outpatients with fetal death before 24 weeks were hospitalized for termination of pregnancy were included in the study. They were aged 15–42 years and had parity 0-6. The gestational age in weeks ranged from 13 to 24 weeks’ gestation. Participants were divided in 2 groups; first group on misoprostol and acetic acid and second group on misoprostol only. Results: There is significant difference mean of no. of doses and time of abortion between the 2 groups. Females who received misoprostol and acetic acid had less doses and less abortion time than those who received misoprostol only. Conclusion: Females who received misoprostol and acetic acid had less doses and less abortion time than females who received misoprostol only.
{"title":"Efficacy of vaginal misoprostol soaked in acetic acid in the termination of missed miscarriages","authors":"Sahar Razzaq, Sahar fartosy, Rana Abdulkadeer","doi":"10.5455/rmj.20230118083738","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/rmj.20230118083738","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To evaluate whether or not acetic acid-moistened intravaginal misoprostol is more effective than dry intravaginal misoprostol for inducing abortion at fewer than 24 weeks of gestation. Methodology: This cross-sectional study was performed at Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Al-Imamein Al-Kadhimain Medical City (IKMC), Baghdad from January to May 2022. Fifty outpatients with fetal death before 24 weeks were hospitalized for termination of pregnancy were included in the study. They were aged 15–42 years and had parity 0-6. The gestational age in weeks ranged from 13 to 24 weeks’ gestation. Participants were divided in 2 groups; first group on misoprostol and acetic acid and second group on misoprostol only. Results: There is significant difference mean of no. of doses and time of abortion between the 2 groups. Females who received misoprostol and acetic acid had less doses and less abortion time than those who received misoprostol only. Conclusion: Females who received misoprostol and acetic acid had less doses and less abortion time than females who received misoprostol only.","PeriodicalId":20844,"journal":{"name":"Rawal Medical Journal","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135358684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.5455/rmj.20230409074238
Murtadha Hamza, Rabea Ali
Objective: To evaluate nurses' practices regarding assessment of neonatal neurological status after an interventional program. Material: Pre-experimental study design was utilized, with a pre-, post-test 1 and post-test 2 methods. It was carried out from 9th January to 7th September, 2022. An instrument was developed for the purpose of the study. A non-probability, purposive sample of 30 nurses was recruited from nurses working at Neonatal Intensive Care Unit in Karbala Paediatric teaching hospital in the holy of Karbala City. The instrument had 47 items. Results: The overall evaluation of practice among nurses was poor level during the pre-test time (M±SD=8.77±3.29) among 96.7% nurses. The nurses’ practice improved after post-test 1(M±SD=37.43±8.83) among 73.3% of them and post-test 2 (M±SD=35.57±10.54) among 63.3% of them to good level after implementation the interventional program. Conclusion: Most nurses’ practices was poor but they scored at good level after application the interventional program, during the period of post-test 1 and 2.
{"title":"Effectiveness of intervention program on nurses’ practices about assessment of neonatal neurological status in neonatal intensive care unit","authors":"Murtadha Hamza, Rabea Ali","doi":"10.5455/rmj.20230409074238","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/rmj.20230409074238","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To evaluate nurses' practices regarding assessment of neonatal neurological status after an interventional program. Material: Pre-experimental study design was utilized, with a pre-, post-test 1 and post-test 2 methods. It was carried out from 9th January to 7th September, 2022. An instrument was developed for the purpose of the study. A non-probability, purposive sample of 30 nurses was recruited from nurses working at Neonatal Intensive Care Unit in Karbala Paediatric teaching hospital in the holy of Karbala City. The instrument had 47 items. Results: The overall evaluation of practice among nurses was poor level during the pre-test time (M±SD=8.77±3.29) among 96.7% nurses. The nurses’ practice improved after post-test 1(M±SD=37.43±8.83) among 73.3% of them and post-test 2 (M±SD=35.57±10.54) among 63.3% of them to good level after implementation the interventional program. Conclusion: Most nurses’ practices was poor but they scored at good level after application the interventional program, during the period of post-test 1 and 2.","PeriodicalId":20844,"journal":{"name":"Rawal Medical Journal","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135358685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.5455/rmj.20230427113738
Fahad Taqi, Tabarek Noori, Ehab Shaker
Objective: To determine the level of knowledge of medical students regarding Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever in Mosul city, Iraq. Materials: This cross-sectional study included 204 medical technical undergraduate students in Al- Mosul 1st & 2nd stage. We used convenient sampling. Google form ws used online and via email. Results: The study had 204 participants with mean age 19±1.09 years; the percentage of male & female and first & second stage were almost the same, 81% of them live in urban area. We found that 72% students had good knowledge about Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever. Conclusion: Highest proportion of the study sample had good knowledge regarding Crimea-Congo hemorrhagic fever.
{"title":"Knowledge level about Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever among a sample of medical students in Mosul City, Iraq","authors":"Fahad Taqi, Tabarek Noori, Ehab Shaker","doi":"10.5455/rmj.20230427113738","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/rmj.20230427113738","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To determine the level of knowledge of medical students regarding Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever in Mosul city, Iraq. Materials: This cross-sectional study included 204 medical technical undergraduate students in Al- Mosul 1st & 2nd stage. We used convenient sampling. Google form ws used online and via email. Results: The study had 204 participants with mean age 19±1.09 years; the percentage of male & female and first & second stage were almost the same, 81% of them live in urban area. We found that 72% students had good knowledge about Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever. Conclusion: Highest proportion of the study sample had good knowledge regarding Crimea-Congo hemorrhagic fever.","PeriodicalId":20844,"journal":{"name":"Rawal Medical Journal","volume":"71 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135358940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.5455/rmj.20230405065210
Batool Mahdi, Wafaa Salih
Objective: To assess role of obesity in Covid-19 patients on antibodies production, diabetes development, and treatment of this disease. Methodology: This observational study included 200 Covid-19 patients in privet centers from January 1, 2021 to January 1, 2022. All patients had fasting blood sugars and anti-Covid-19 antibodies. Anthropometric parameters were measured in all participants. Results: The patients were divided into two groups according to body weight; normal body weight (50) and excess body weight (150). There was a significant difference between them regarding age. Diabetes mellitus developed in 20% of normal weight patients while 80% of excess weight patients had diabetes (p=0.0001). Antibodies production (IgM and IgG) occurred in normal weight patients (90% and 98%, respectively). Only 4% patients with normal weight needed oxygen therapy while 93.33% of obese patients required oxygen therapy. Conclusions: Obesity increased the development of diabetes, decrease antibodies production and increase requirement for oxygen therapy in Covid-19 patients..
{"title":"Obesity in COVID-19 patients is a complex interaction","authors":"Batool Mahdi, Wafaa Salih","doi":"10.5455/rmj.20230405065210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/rmj.20230405065210","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To assess role of obesity in Covid-19 patients on antibodies production, diabetes development, and treatment of this disease. Methodology: This observational study included 200 Covid-19 patients in privet centers from January 1, 2021 to January 1, 2022. All patients had fasting blood sugars and anti-Covid-19 antibodies. Anthropometric parameters were measured in all participants. Results: The patients were divided into two groups according to body weight; normal body weight (50) and excess body weight (150). There was a significant difference between them regarding age. Diabetes mellitus developed in 20% of normal weight patients while 80% of excess weight patients had diabetes (p=0.0001). Antibodies production (IgM and IgG) occurred in normal weight patients (90% and 98%, respectively). Only 4% patients with normal weight needed oxygen therapy while 93.33% of obese patients required oxygen therapy. Conclusions: Obesity increased the development of diabetes, decrease antibodies production and increase requirement for oxygen therapy in Covid-19 patients..","PeriodicalId":20844,"journal":{"name":"Rawal Medical Journal","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135358946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.5455/rmj.20230602053431
Zahraa Jassem, Ibrahim Ashour
Objective: To examine the correlation between health literacy and level of education in hemodialysis (HD) patients. Methodology: This descriptive correlation study included 171 middle age patients in al-Najaf al-Ashraf city of patients with end -stage renal disease undergoing hemodialysis. Most patients were diagnosed with ESRD over two years ago. Face to face interview was used. Data were analyzed by using of descriptive analysis and Pearson's correlation coefficient. Results: Hemodialysis patient had inadequate health literacy at mean of score of 20.98. Lowest mean index at health promotion was 18.560 with high percentage in difficulty of responses (66.7%). Out of 171 patients, 104 (60.8%) has inadequate HL. There was a highly significant correlation between health literacy and level of education at (p=0.000). Conclusion: Health literacy was found to be highly significantly correlated with level of education among HD patients. These findings highlight the importance of addressing low health literacy among HD patients, particularly those with lower education levels.
{"title":"Correlation between health literacy and level of education in hemodialysis patients: A cross-sectional study","authors":"Zahraa Jassem, Ibrahim Ashour","doi":"10.5455/rmj.20230602053431","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/rmj.20230602053431","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To examine the correlation between health literacy and level of education in hemodialysis (HD) patients. Methodology: This descriptive correlation study included 171 middle age patients in al-Najaf al-Ashraf city of patients with end -stage renal disease undergoing hemodialysis. Most patients were diagnosed with ESRD over two years ago. Face to face interview was used. Data were analyzed by using of descriptive analysis and Pearson's correlation coefficient. Results: Hemodialysis patient had inadequate health literacy at mean of score of 20.98. Lowest mean index at health promotion was 18.560 with high percentage in difficulty of responses (66.7%). Out of 171 patients, 104 (60.8%) has inadequate HL. There was a highly significant correlation between health literacy and level of education at (p=0.000). Conclusion: Health literacy was found to be highly significantly correlated with level of education among HD patients. These findings highlight the importance of addressing low health literacy among HD patients, particularly those with lower education levels.","PeriodicalId":20844,"journal":{"name":"Rawal Medical Journal","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135709361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.5455/rmj.20230801092826
Martiningsih Martiningsih, Enie Novieastari, Dewi Gayatri, Astuti Nursasi
Objective: To analyze the effectiveness and characteristics of self-care interventions affect blood pressure control in hypertensive patients. Methodology: This systematic review was done through Scopus, EBSCOhost, Embase, ScienceDirect, PubMed, and Sage in March 2023. The eligibility criteria for study selection were true experimental research with a randomized controlled trial (RCT) design and self-care or self-management interventions in patients with hypertension. Inclusion criteria were self-care or self-management intervention, blood pressure control outcomes, English articles, all open access journals, free articles, and original research. We excluded pregnant and terminal hypertensive patients. The process and selection of articles used the Prisma flow chart. The review method used Cochrane 2.0 risk of bias (ROB 2.0) for RCTs followed by using Robvis application. Results: Self-care interventions were significant for blood pressure control in hypertensive patients in two studies. All studies showed that self-care interventions were effective in reducing mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Conclusion: Educational and counseling materials to improve decision-making skills, individual reflection, and hypertension case management with face-to-face methods followed by telephone or home visits are characteristics of effective self-care interventions.
{"title":"Effectiveness of self-care intervention in hypertension patients: A systematic review","authors":"Martiningsih Martiningsih, Enie Novieastari, Dewi Gayatri, Astuti Nursasi","doi":"10.5455/rmj.20230801092826","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/rmj.20230801092826","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To analyze the effectiveness and characteristics of self-care interventions affect blood pressure control in hypertensive patients. Methodology: This systematic review was done through Scopus, EBSCOhost, Embase, ScienceDirect, PubMed, and Sage in March 2023. The eligibility criteria for study selection were true experimental research with a randomized controlled trial (RCT) design and self-care or self-management interventions in patients with hypertension. Inclusion criteria were self-care or self-management intervention, blood pressure control outcomes, English articles, all open access journals, free articles, and original research. We excluded pregnant and terminal hypertensive patients. The process and selection of articles used the Prisma flow chart. The review method used Cochrane 2.0 risk of bias (ROB 2.0) for RCTs followed by using Robvis application. Results: Self-care interventions were significant for blood pressure control in hypertensive patients in two studies. All studies showed that self-care interventions were effective in reducing mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Conclusion: Educational and counseling materials to improve decision-making skills, individual reflection, and hypertension case management with face-to-face methods followed by telephone or home visits are characteristics of effective self-care interventions.","PeriodicalId":20844,"journal":{"name":"Rawal Medical Journal","volume":"70 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135709812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.5455/rmj.20230414025137
Mohammed sharaa, Mohammed Aledanni
Objective: To study the effect of epidural spinal injection over one year in case of spinal stenosis. Methodology: This prospective study included 566 patients with spinal stenosis seen at Al-Kindy Teaching and Al-Sader, Hospitals who were treated by local epidural steroid injection. They were followed up for at least five subsequent visits after seven days, one month, three months, six months, and one year to assess efficacy. Result: Mean age of patients was 49.5 years, with a predominance of females (65%). L4/L5 was the most involved level in the spinal stenosis (70%). Grade II stenosis accounted for (45.4%) of cases. The pairwise comparison revealed that there was significant decrease in proportions of patients with pain in day 3 compared to two weeks (p<0.001). After one year, there was significant increase in patient’s number in comparison to day 3 (p<0.0001). There was a relationship between time and steroid injection that was statistically significant (p<0.05). Conclusion: The patients of spinal stenosis get benefit from epidural steroids injections in early follow-up but the effect decreases over the year.
{"title":"Efficacy of lumbar interlaminar epidural steroid injections for lumbar spinal stenosis: A prospective study","authors":"Mohammed sharaa, Mohammed Aledanni","doi":"10.5455/rmj.20230414025137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/rmj.20230414025137","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To study the effect of epidural spinal injection over one year in case of spinal stenosis. Methodology: This prospective study included 566 patients with spinal stenosis seen at Al-Kindy Teaching and Al-Sader, Hospitals who were treated by local epidural steroid injection. They were followed up for at least five subsequent visits after seven days, one month, three months, six months, and one year to assess efficacy. Result: Mean age of patients was 49.5 years, with a predominance of females (65%). L4/L5 was the most involved level in the spinal stenosis (70%). Grade II stenosis accounted for (45.4%) of cases. The pairwise comparison revealed that there was significant decrease in proportions of patients with pain in day 3 compared to two weeks (p<0.001). After one year, there was significant increase in patient’s number in comparison to day 3 (p<0.0001). There was a relationship between time and steroid injection that was statistically significant (p<0.05). Conclusion: The patients of spinal stenosis get benefit from epidural steroids injections in early follow-up but the effect decreases over the year.","PeriodicalId":20844,"journal":{"name":"Rawal Medical Journal","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135709815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.5455/rmj.20230305073651
Laith Falah Mohammed Hassan, Humam Ibrahim
{"title":"Prevalence of refractive errors among primary school students in Mosul City, Iraq","authors":"Laith Falah Mohammed Hassan, Humam Ibrahim","doi":"10.5455/rmj.20230305073651","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/rmj.20230305073651","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:p />","PeriodicalId":20844,"journal":{"name":"Rawal Medical Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70840320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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