Pub Date : 2023-01-24DOI: 10.14710/reaktor.22.3.86-91
Rahmat Efendi, Rahmandika Irfan Pradana, Luthfi Kurnia Dewi, C. Cahyani
Red cabbage and white cabbage contain several beneficial compounds, such as anthocyanins that can scavenge free radicals. The study aimed to determine the effect of drying on anthocyanin content and antioxidant activity in red cabbage and white cabbage. Each cabbage will be given two pretreatments, namely: (1) drying, and (2) without drying. Maceration extraction using a mixture of water and methanol 50:50 (v/v) acidified with 7% citric acid with a liquid to solid mass ratio of 1:4 (w/v) and with a controlled temperature of 60°C for a period of 1 h. Cabbage extract was examined for anthocyanin content by differential pH method and antioxidant activity was tested by DPPH method. The results showed anthocyanin content in crude fresh red cabbage extract 64.124 mg/L, crude dried red cabbage extract 210.74 mg/L, crude fresh white cabbage extract 0.445 mg/L, crude dried white cabbage extract 0.584 mg/L. The antioxidant activity (IC50) of crude fresh red cabbage extract, crude dried red cabbage extract, crude fresh white cabbage extract, and crude dried white cabbage extract were 54,317 ppm, 49,464 ppm, 131,878 ppm, and 107,069 ppm, respectively. The optimum results were crude dried red cabbage extract with a yield of 25.2%, anthocyanin content of 210.74 mg/L, IC50 value of 49.464 ppm.
{"title":"The Effect of Drying on Anthocyanin Content and Antioxidant Activity in Red Cabbage and White Cabbage","authors":"Rahmat Efendi, Rahmandika Irfan Pradana, Luthfi Kurnia Dewi, C. Cahyani","doi":"10.14710/reaktor.22.3.86-91","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14710/reaktor.22.3.86-91","url":null,"abstract":"Red cabbage and white cabbage contain several beneficial compounds, such as anthocyanins that can scavenge free radicals. The study aimed to determine the effect of drying on anthocyanin content and antioxidant activity in red cabbage and white cabbage. Each cabbage will be given two pretreatments, namely: (1) drying, and (2) without drying. Maceration extraction using a mixture of water and methanol 50:50 (v/v) acidified with 7% citric acid with a liquid to solid mass ratio of 1:4 (w/v) and with a controlled temperature of 60°C for a period of 1 h. Cabbage extract was examined for anthocyanin content by differential pH method and antioxidant activity was tested by DPPH method. The results showed anthocyanin content in crude fresh red cabbage extract 64.124 mg/L, crude dried red cabbage extract 210.74 mg/L, crude fresh white cabbage extract 0.445 mg/L, crude dried white cabbage extract 0.584 mg/L. The antioxidant activity (IC50) of crude fresh red cabbage extract, crude dried red cabbage extract, crude fresh white cabbage extract, and crude dried white cabbage extract were 54,317 ppm, 49,464 ppm, 131,878 ppm, and 107,069 ppm, respectively. The optimum results were crude dried red cabbage extract with a yield of 25.2%, anthocyanin content of 210.74 mg/L, IC50 value of 49.464 ppm. ","PeriodicalId":20874,"journal":{"name":"Reaktor","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75116167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-24DOI: 10.14710/reaktor.22.3.102-112
M. A. Karim, Netty Herawati, Henny Juniar
This research was conducted to study the efficiency of residual calcium carbide as an adsorbent using a batch process to remove iron (II) from textile industrial waste. In this study, the iron (II) content in textile industrial waste was synthetically made using . The effluent was characterized using a standard method (atomic absorption spectrometry), while the functional groups responsible for the Adsorption of iron to the surface of the calcium carbide residue were observed using SEM and Fourier Transform Infra-red (FTIR). The SEM findings revealed a highly porous morphology. FTIR revealed the presence of various functional groups (OH, CH, C=C, and C-C). Factors affecting Adsorption, eg, contact time, adsorbent dose, pH, and iron concentration, were also studied. The maximum iron (II) ion adsorption was observed to occur at pH 6. Kinetic studies showed a good correlation and best suited the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Langmuir and Freundlich's isotherm model was used to describe the Adsorption of iron (II) on calcium carbide residues. The data obtained from the adsorption process most closely matched the Langmuir model with a correlation value of R^2 = 0.9959 and q_e=1.697 mg/g. with a pseudo-second-order kinetic model with a correlation coefficient value (R2), which is 0.9962 for an adsorbent mass of 7.5 g. The Adsorption of iron ions from textile wastewater synthesis solution using calcium carbide residues shows a physisorption mechanism.
{"title":"KINETICS OF ADSORPTION OF HEAVY METALS (IRON) FROM TEXTILE INDUSTRY WASTE USING CALCIUM CARBIDE RESIDUE AS ADSORBENT","authors":"M. A. Karim, Netty Herawati, Henny Juniar","doi":"10.14710/reaktor.22.3.102-112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14710/reaktor.22.3.102-112","url":null,"abstract":"This research was conducted to study the efficiency of residual calcium carbide as an adsorbent using a batch process to remove iron (II) from textile industrial waste. In this study, the iron (II) content in textile industrial waste was synthetically made using . The effluent was characterized using a standard method (atomic absorption spectrometry), while the functional groups responsible for the Adsorption of iron to the surface of the calcium carbide residue were observed using SEM and Fourier Transform Infra-red (FTIR). The SEM findings revealed a highly porous morphology. FTIR revealed the presence of various functional groups (OH, CH, C=C, and C-C). Factors affecting Adsorption, eg, contact time, adsorbent dose, pH, and iron concentration, were also studied. The maximum iron (II) ion adsorption was observed to occur at pH 6. Kinetic studies showed a good correlation and best suited the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Langmuir and Freundlich's isotherm model was used to describe the Adsorption of iron (II) on calcium carbide residues. The data obtained from the adsorption process most closely matched the Langmuir model with a correlation value of R^2 = 0.9959 and q_e=1.697 mg/g. with a pseudo-second-order kinetic model with a correlation coefficient value (R2), which is 0.9962 for an adsorbent mass of 7.5 g. The Adsorption of iron ions from textile wastewater synthesis solution using calcium carbide residues shows a physisorption mechanism.","PeriodicalId":20874,"journal":{"name":"Reaktor","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80674785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-24DOI: 10.14710/reaktor.22.3.92-101
A. Abdullah, Yufrida Amalia
Semeru Banana peel is an organic waste that is exclusively utilized as animal feed and does not harm the environment. The primary component of banana peels is carbohydrates, which can be used as a substrate during the fermentation process to produce lactic acid. The fermentation of banana peel flour with Lactobacillus plantarum strain FNCC 0020 was the main focus of this investigation. Variations in the concentrations of the substrate and inoculum as well as the impact of the type of nitrogen on lactic acid concentration were investigated. According to research findings, the big banana peel contains 70.52% carbs, 5.68% soluble protein, 3.115% fat, 6.74% water, 2.395% ash, and 13.38% crude fiber. While the inoculum variable was 0.5% v/v and the best substrate concentration variable was 17.5% w/v, the best lactic acid concentrations were 5.401 g/L and 8.586 g/L, respectively, as determined by HPLC (High-Performance Liquid) analysis. Banana peel flour only includes a modest amount of nitrogen (0.8295%), sulfate (0.037 grams), phosphate (1.6105%), and vitamin B1 (0.2315%), so additional nitrogen sources must be added. The production of lactic acid is shown to increase with the addition of various forms of nitrogen, with ammonium sulfate and ammonium phosphate (2:1) producing the greatest yields of 9.781 g/L and 14.255 g/L, respectively, of lactic acid, which is lower than lactic acid from yeast extract.
{"title":"Lactic acid fermentation of banana peel using Lactobacillus plantarum : Effect of substrate concentration, inoculum concentration, and various nitrogen sources","authors":"A. Abdullah, Yufrida Amalia","doi":"10.14710/reaktor.22.3.92-101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14710/reaktor.22.3.92-101","url":null,"abstract":"Semeru Banana peel is an organic waste that is exclusively utilized as animal feed and does not harm the environment. The primary component of banana peels is carbohydrates, which can be used as a substrate during the fermentation process to produce lactic acid. The fermentation of banana peel flour with Lactobacillus plantarum strain FNCC 0020 was the main focus of this investigation. Variations in the concentrations of the substrate and inoculum as well as the impact of the type of nitrogen on lactic acid concentration were investigated. According to research findings, the big banana peel contains 70.52% carbs, 5.68% soluble protein, 3.115% fat, 6.74% water, 2.395% ash, and 13.38% crude fiber. While the inoculum variable was 0.5% v/v and the best substrate concentration variable was 17.5% w/v, the best lactic acid concentrations were 5.401 g/L and 8.586 g/L, respectively, as determined by HPLC (High-Performance Liquid) analysis. Banana peel flour only includes a modest amount of nitrogen (0.8295%), sulfate (0.037 grams), phosphate (1.6105%), and vitamin B1 (0.2315%), so additional nitrogen sources must be added. The production of lactic acid is shown to increase with the addition of various forms of nitrogen, with ammonium sulfate and ammonium phosphate (2:1) producing the greatest yields of 9.781 g/L and 14.255 g/L, respectively, of lactic acid, which is lower than lactic acid from yeast extract.","PeriodicalId":20874,"journal":{"name":"Reaktor","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86054764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-24DOI: 10.14710/reaktor.22.3.77-85
D. Hendriana, Mochamad Hamdan Aziz, Yohanes Acep Nanang Kardana, Muhamad Lutfi Rachmat, G. Baskoro, Henry Nasution
Vanadium redox flow battery (VRFB) has a potential for large energy storage system due to its independence of energy capacity and power generation. VRFB is known to have challenges of high price, corrosion problem and lower energy efficiency. In this work, VRFB prototype with all components from existing parts sold in the market has been assembled and tested. Estimated electrochemical reactions are discussed for initial charging process with Vanadium Pentoxide powder as initial state to obtain fully charged battery state with V2+ ion in anolyte and VO2 + ion in catholyte. Material corrosion testes were done by immersing the material in a Vanadium electrolyte and by using the material as a bipolar plate in the VRFB system. Immersion test showed that copper, steel, lead and zinc were corroded badly. In bipolar plate material test, stainless steel 316, aluminum and silver plates were corroded after some hours of electric charging process. Simple carbon plastic composites and 3-mm thickness graphite plates were tested in the bipolar plate material test and failed due to corrosion problem as well. In the VRFB prototype, corrosion problems occurred on brass nipples, polyurethane plastic pipes and porous silicone seals. Stronger plastic components and better quality of silicone seals are needed for VRFB. Significant finding of this study is possible spontaneous chemical reaction within anolyte tank as a potential of self-discharging reaction which other researchers have not identified. Also, another finding from this study is that good bipolar plate for VRFB is not easily available in the market.
{"title":"Self-Discharging and Corrosion Problems in Vanadium Redox Flow Battery","authors":"D. Hendriana, Mochamad Hamdan Aziz, Yohanes Acep Nanang Kardana, Muhamad Lutfi Rachmat, G. Baskoro, Henry Nasution","doi":"10.14710/reaktor.22.3.77-85","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14710/reaktor.22.3.77-85","url":null,"abstract":"Vanadium redox flow battery (VRFB) has a potential for large energy storage system due to its independence of energy capacity and power generation. VRFB is known to have challenges of high price, corrosion problem and lower energy efficiency. In this work, VRFB prototype with all components from existing parts sold in the market has been assembled and tested. Estimated electrochemical reactions are discussed for initial charging process with Vanadium Pentoxide powder as initial state to obtain fully charged battery state with V2+ ion in anolyte and VO2 + ion in catholyte. Material corrosion testes were done by immersing the material in a Vanadium electrolyte and by using the material as a bipolar plate in the VRFB system. Immersion test showed that copper, steel, lead and zinc were corroded badly. In bipolar plate material test, stainless steel 316, aluminum and silver plates were corroded after some hours of electric charging process. Simple carbon plastic composites and 3-mm thickness graphite plates were tested in the bipolar plate material test and failed due to corrosion problem as well. In the VRFB prototype, corrosion problems occurred on brass nipples, polyurethane plastic pipes and porous silicone seals. Stronger plastic components and better quality of silicone seals are needed for VRFB. Significant finding of this study is possible spontaneous chemical reaction within anolyte tank as a potential of self-discharging reaction which other researchers have not identified. Also, another finding from this study is that good bipolar plate for VRFB is not easily available in the market.","PeriodicalId":20874,"journal":{"name":"Reaktor","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90229821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-24DOI: 10.14710/reaktor.22.3.113-121
N. Handayani, Laurensia Belinda Soewito, Alfan Fatir F, Ignatia Novita T, T. S
Health and environmental problems related to plastic food packaging are general problems. Edible film as food packaging from organic and edible materials can be a solution by increasing its structure and content. Modification of edible film from the protein of Velvet bean (Mucuna pruriens) with gelatin and alginate to modify the structure of the film and the addition of green tea leaf extract as an antioxidant. Edible films are made by combining constituent materials with the addition of a crosslink method. The addition of green tea leaf antioxidant concentration on nutritional properties, chemical properties, and shelf life of edible films through the DPPH method and antimicrobial tests showed good changes. The addition of gelatin, alginate, and green tea leaves to the mechanical and morphological properties of the film showed good indications. The effect before and after the addition of green tea leaves on the chemical structure of the edible film (OH‑ group) using FTIR analysis shows indications through changes in spectra. Modified velvet bean film with gelatin, alginate, and green tea leaves can potentially be applied in the food industry as food packaging.
{"title":"Edible Film Modification Based-on Mucuna Pruriens with Crosslink Method Incorporated with Gelatin, Sodium Alginate, and Green Tea Extract","authors":"N. Handayani, Laurensia Belinda Soewito, Alfan Fatir F, Ignatia Novita T, T. S","doi":"10.14710/reaktor.22.3.113-121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14710/reaktor.22.3.113-121","url":null,"abstract":"Health and environmental problems related to plastic food packaging are general problems. Edible film as food packaging from organic and edible materials can be a solution by increasing its structure and content. Modification of edible film from the protein of Velvet bean (Mucuna pruriens) with gelatin and alginate to modify the structure of the film and the addition of green tea leaf extract as an antioxidant. Edible films are made by combining constituent materials with the addition of a crosslink method. The addition of green tea leaf antioxidant concentration on nutritional properties, chemical properties, and shelf life of edible films through the DPPH method and antimicrobial tests showed good changes. The addition of gelatin, alginate, and green tea leaves to the mechanical and morphological properties of the film showed good indications. The effect before and after the addition of green tea leaves on the chemical structure of the edible film (OH‑ group) using FTIR analysis shows indications through changes in spectra. Modified velvet bean film with gelatin, alginate, and green tea leaves can potentially be applied in the food industry as food packaging.","PeriodicalId":20874,"journal":{"name":"Reaktor","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86228607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-30DOI: 10.14710/reaktor.22.2.70-78
D. Ariyanti, A. Purbasari, Dina Lesdantina, E. Saputro, Wei Gao
TiO2 nanoparticles, a semiconductor photocatalyst is widely used in various applications especially for water treatment. The common problems for the application are separating the nanoparticles from the water body and recovering it to be reused. This research was conducted to investigate the aggregation and sedimentation properties of TiO2 nanoparticles via chemical addition. The experiment was carried out for 5 hours by varying the pH, ionic strength, and the addition of organic matter such as rhodamine B, methylene orange, and humic acid. The results indicate that pH and ionic strength greatly affect the TiO2 sedimentation process. Sedimentation can be formed properly when the solution is at pH 1 and 14, this happens because pH is close to the isoelectric point. Meanwhile, ionic strength with a concentration of 0.1 M gave the most optimal results in TiO2 sedimentation. In the presence of ionic strength with the appropriate concentration, the thickness of the electrical double layer particles can be reduced so the attractive force increases and sedimentation occur. Meanwhile, in the presence of organic matter, rhodamine B, methylene orange, and humic acid did not significantly affect the formation of TiO2 sedimentation.Keywords: titanium dioxide, sedimentation, ionic strength, isoelectric point, water treatment
{"title":"Sedimentation Process of TiO2 Nanoparticles in Aqueous Solution","authors":"D. Ariyanti, A. Purbasari, Dina Lesdantina, E. Saputro, Wei Gao","doi":"10.14710/reaktor.22.2.70-78","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14710/reaktor.22.2.70-78","url":null,"abstract":"TiO2 nanoparticles, a semiconductor photocatalyst is widely used in various applications especially for water treatment. The common problems for the application are separating the nanoparticles from the water body and recovering it to be reused. This research was conducted to investigate the aggregation and sedimentation properties of TiO2 nanoparticles via chemical addition. The experiment was carried out for 5 hours by varying the pH, ionic strength, and the addition of organic matter such as rhodamine B, methylene orange, and humic acid. The results indicate that pH and ionic strength greatly affect the TiO2 sedimentation process. Sedimentation can be formed properly when the solution is at pH 1 and 14, this happens because pH is close to the isoelectric point. Meanwhile, ionic strength with a concentration of 0.1 M gave the most optimal results in TiO2 sedimentation. In the presence of ionic strength with the appropriate concentration, the thickness of the electrical double layer particles can be reduced so the attractive force increases and sedimentation occur. Meanwhile, in the presence of organic matter, rhodamine B, methylene orange, and humic acid did not significantly affect the formation of TiO2 sedimentation.Keywords: titanium dioxide, sedimentation, ionic strength, isoelectric point, water treatment","PeriodicalId":20874,"journal":{"name":"Reaktor","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75190365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-30DOI: 10.14710/reaktor.22.2.59-69
T. Prakoso, H. Rustamaji, Daniel Yonathan, H. Devianto, P. Widiatmoko, J. Rizkiana, G. Guan
Seaweeds are large-scale multicellular marine algae categorized based on color as Chlorophyceae, Rhodophyceae, and Phaeophyceae. No information has been provided on the conditions affecting the production of mesoporous activated carbon from one member of the described aquatic plants, namely Sargassum sp. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the impact of the main factors and their interactions on Sargassum sp.-derived activated carbon manufactured (SAC) by hydrothermal carbonization and CO2 activation methods. A mathematical approach was employed using a multilevel factorial design with the main factors being the activator type (ZnCl2, CaCl2, & KOH), hydrothermal temperature (200, 225, & 250oC), and activator ratios (2 & 4). Meanwhile, the response variables were yield and BET surface area (SBET) of SAC. Morphological, functional, crystallographic, and porosity characterization was carried out on the samples. The SAC-Ca-200-2 sample had the highest yield, with the value being 26.5 percent of weight. The activators having the highest specific surface area (SBET) were SAC-Zn-250-4, SAC-Ca-225-2, and SAC-K-250-2, with 1552, 1368, and 1799 m2/g, respectively. The pore size distribution in SAC products ranged from 2.16 to 10 nm in diameter. The analysis conducted indicated the activator type and interaction with its ratio substantially impacted the SAC yield value; besides, only the activator type affects the formation of high surface area pores.
{"title":"The study of hydrothermal carbonization and activation factors' effect on mesoporous activated carbon production from Sargassum sp. using a multilevel factorial design","authors":"T. Prakoso, H. Rustamaji, Daniel Yonathan, H. Devianto, P. Widiatmoko, J. Rizkiana, G. Guan","doi":"10.14710/reaktor.22.2.59-69","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14710/reaktor.22.2.59-69","url":null,"abstract":"Seaweeds are large-scale multicellular marine algae categorized based on color as Chlorophyceae, Rhodophyceae, and Phaeophyceae. No information has been provided on the conditions affecting the production of mesoporous activated carbon from one member of the described aquatic plants, namely Sargassum sp. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the impact of the main factors and their interactions on Sargassum sp.-derived activated carbon manufactured (SAC) by hydrothermal carbonization and CO2 activation methods. A mathematical approach was employed using a multilevel factorial design with the main factors being the activator type (ZnCl2, CaCl2, & KOH), hydrothermal temperature (200, 225, & 250oC), and activator ratios (2 & 4). Meanwhile, the response variables were yield and BET surface area (SBET) of SAC. Morphological, functional, crystallographic, and porosity characterization was carried out on the samples. The SAC-Ca-200-2 sample had the highest yield, with the value being 26.5 percent of weight. The activators having the highest specific surface area (SBET) were SAC-Zn-250-4, SAC-Ca-225-2, and SAC-K-250-2, with 1552, 1368, and 1799 m2/g, respectively. The pore size distribution in SAC products ranged from 2.16 to 10 nm in diameter. The analysis conducted indicated the activator type and interaction with its ratio substantially impacted the SAC yield value; besides, only the activator type affects the formation of high surface area pores.","PeriodicalId":20874,"journal":{"name":"Reaktor","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88104376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-18DOI: 10.14710/reaktor.22.2.36-41
M. Christwardana, J. Joelianingsih, Linda Aliffia Yoshi
Several carbon substrates were tried, including glucose commercial, pro analysis glucose, commercial sugar, and yeast extract - peptone - d glucose (YPD) medium to improve the efficiency of the single chamber microbial fuel cell (MFC). The power production of various electron donors was investigated using baker yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Voltage and power density generation were used to establish the pattern of substrate use. In addition, electrochemical analysis of the anodic biofilm was performed. S. cervisiae was shown to successfully consume YPD medium by anode respiration with a higher power density of 18.40±1.98 mW/m2, followed by pro analysis glucose (9.41±1.15 mW/m2), commercial glucose (1.30±0.10 mW/m2), and commercial sugar (0.04±0.01 mW/m2). Furthermore, a clear relationship was established between power density generating rate and voltage output. Voltages produced were 0.16±0.02 V, 0.13±0.03 V, 0.03±0.01 V, 0.01±0.00 V for YPD medium, pro analysis glucose, commercial glucose, and commercial sugar, respectively in MFC. The weight of biofilm indicated that yeast attachment was significantly more common in YPD medium than in other MFC-operated media. This study discovered that the substrate type in the anodic compartment regulates the formation of anodic biofilm.
{"title":"The influence of various substrates on power generation in the operation of yeast microbial fuel cells","authors":"M. Christwardana, J. Joelianingsih, Linda Aliffia Yoshi","doi":"10.14710/reaktor.22.2.36-41","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14710/reaktor.22.2.36-41","url":null,"abstract":"Several carbon substrates were tried, including glucose commercial, pro analysis glucose, commercial sugar, and yeast extract - peptone - d glucose (YPD) medium to improve the efficiency of the single chamber microbial fuel cell (MFC). The power production of various electron donors was investigated using baker yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Voltage and power density generation were used to establish the pattern of substrate use. In addition, electrochemical analysis of the anodic biofilm was performed. S. cervisiae was shown to successfully consume YPD medium by anode respiration with a higher power density of 18.40±1.98 mW/m2, followed by pro analysis glucose (9.41±1.15 mW/m2), commercial glucose (1.30±0.10 mW/m2), and commercial sugar (0.04±0.01 mW/m2). Furthermore, a clear relationship was established between power density generating rate and voltage output. Voltages produced were 0.16±0.02 V, 0.13±0.03 V, 0.03±0.01 V, 0.01±0.00 V for YPD medium, pro analysis glucose, commercial glucose, and commercial sugar, respectively in MFC. The weight of biofilm indicated that yeast attachment was significantly more common in YPD medium than in other MFC-operated media. This study discovered that the substrate type in the anodic compartment regulates the formation of anodic biofilm.","PeriodicalId":20874,"journal":{"name":"Reaktor","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81361558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-18DOI: 10.14710/reaktor.22.2.49-58
P. Amanda, N. Masruchin, Anita Amelia
Cellulose nanofibers (CNF) have been applied in various applications due to the abundant raw materials and excellent mechanical and thermal properties. In this work, CNF from Cigarette butts (CNF-CB) was used as emulsion stabilized for oil in water emulsion. CNF was prepared from regenerated cellulose fibers that were produced by deacetylation of Cigarette butts waste using autoclave and then hydrolysis by chemical treatment using sulfuric acid. The FTIR spectra of CNF-CB showed chemically convert from Cigarette butts waste, indicating removal of the acetyl group. TEM micrographs showed nanocellulose with diameters of 8-32.30 nm. XRD analysis shows that the CNF-CB is a cellulose II allomorph with a crystallinity index of about 88.04%. Thermogravimetric analysis showed high char residue for the nanocellulose compared to raw fibers. The addition of CNF-CB with a concentration of 0.5% into the oil-in-water emulsion (O/W) showed better stability than commercial surfactant. In conclusion, this approach offers a promising strategy for upcycling cigarette butts waste to produce nanocellulose, which could be used in various applications.
{"title":"Cellulose Nanofibers from Regenerated Cellulose fibers of Cigarette Butts and Application in Pickering Emulsion","authors":"P. Amanda, N. Masruchin, Anita Amelia","doi":"10.14710/reaktor.22.2.49-58","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14710/reaktor.22.2.49-58","url":null,"abstract":"Cellulose nanofibers (CNF) have been applied in various applications due to the abundant raw materials and excellent mechanical and thermal properties. In this work, CNF from Cigarette butts (CNF-CB) was used as emulsion stabilized for oil in water emulsion. CNF was prepared from regenerated cellulose fibers that were produced by deacetylation of Cigarette butts waste using autoclave and then hydrolysis by chemical treatment using sulfuric acid. The FTIR spectra of CNF-CB showed chemically convert from Cigarette butts waste, indicating removal of the acetyl group. TEM micrographs showed nanocellulose with diameters of 8-32.30 nm. XRD analysis shows that the CNF-CB is a cellulose II allomorph with a crystallinity index of about 88.04%. Thermogravimetric analysis showed high char residue for the nanocellulose compared to raw fibers. The addition of CNF-CB with a concentration of 0.5% into the oil-in-water emulsion (O/W) showed better stability than commercial surfactant. In conclusion, this approach offers a promising strategy for upcycling cigarette butts waste to produce nanocellulose, which could be used in various applications.","PeriodicalId":20874,"journal":{"name":"Reaktor","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74914310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-18DOI: 10.14710/reaktor.22.2.42-48
E. Sofiyah, I. Septiariva, Q. Helmy., S. Notodarmojo, W. K. Suryawan
Batik is a unique ethnic and heritage textile from Indonesia with low biodegradability (BOD5/COD) and demanding biological wastewater treatment. However, in its application a high biodegradability value is needed. To increase biodegradability the ozonation process can be used as pre-treatment. The purpose of this study is to determine the effectiveness of ozone pre-treatment in color removal, COD removal, and changes in biodegradability. This study was divided into two types of the reactor with a volume of 2 L and 16 L with each dose of 4 mg/min and 40 mg/min. The results of color removal in the reactor with a volume of 2 L showed a value of 85% for color removal and 34.6% for COD removal. The reduction in efficiency occurred in the color removal to 65% in reactor 16 L. The removal of COD with a volume of 16 L was not evenly distributed at each altitude of 43; 35; and 33% (50; 100; 150 cm). Biodegradability increased from 0.143 to 0,49 (2L reactor) and 0.4-0.45 (16L reactor), this allows for the application of higher biological wastewater treatment. Which the NH3-N and total phenol removal efficiencies of 12.9%-31.4% and 3-21.2%, respectively.
{"title":"Comparison of Different Volume Reactor for Batik Wastewater Pre-Treatment with Ozonation to Improve Biodegradability","authors":"E. Sofiyah, I. Septiariva, Q. Helmy., S. Notodarmojo, W. K. Suryawan","doi":"10.14710/reaktor.22.2.42-48","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14710/reaktor.22.2.42-48","url":null,"abstract":"Batik is a unique ethnic and heritage textile from Indonesia with low biodegradability (BOD5/COD) and demanding biological wastewater treatment. However, in its application a high biodegradability value is needed. To increase biodegradability the ozonation process can be used as pre-treatment. The purpose of this study is to determine the effectiveness of ozone pre-treatment in color removal, COD removal, and changes in biodegradability. This study was divided into two types of the reactor with a volume of 2 L and 16 L with each dose of 4 mg/min and 40 mg/min. The results of color removal in the reactor with a volume of 2 L showed a value of 85% for color removal and 34.6% for COD removal. The reduction in efficiency occurred in the color removal to 65% in reactor 16 L. The removal of COD with a volume of 16 L was not evenly distributed at each altitude of 43; 35; and 33% (50; 100; 150 cm). Biodegradability increased from 0.143 to 0,49 (2L reactor) and 0.4-0.45 (16L reactor), this allows for the application of higher biological wastewater treatment. Which the NH3-N and total phenol removal efficiencies of 12.9%-31.4% and 3-21.2%, respectively.","PeriodicalId":20874,"journal":{"name":"Reaktor","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74967662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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