Pub Date : 2024-10-09DOI: 10.1017/S0033291724002216
Shannon D'Urso, Robyn E Wootton, Helga Ask, Caroline Brito Nunes, Ole A Andreassen, Liang-Dar Hwang, Gunn-Helen Moen, David M Evans, Alexandra Havdahl
Background: Previous observational epidemiological studies have suggested that coffee consumption during pregnancy may affect fetal neurodevelopment. However, results are inconsistent and may represent correlational rather than causal relationships. The present study investigated whether maternal coffee consumption was observationally associated and causally related to offspring childhood neurodevelopmental difficulties (NDs) in the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study.
Methods: The observational relationships between maternal/paternal coffee consumption (before and during pregnancy) and offspring NDs were assessed using linear regression analyses (N = 58694 mother-child duos; N = 22 576 father-child duos). To investigate potential causal relationships, individual-level (N = 46 245 mother-child duos) and two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses were conducted using genetic variants previously associated with coffee consumption as instrumental variables.
Results: We observed positive associations between maternal coffee consumption and offspring difficulties with social-communication/behavioral flexibility, and inattention/hyperactive-impulsive behavior (multiple testing corrected p < 0.005). Paternal coffee consumption (negative control) was not observationally associated with the outcomes. After adjusting for potential confounders (smoking, alcohol, education and income), the maternal associations attenuated to the null. MR analyses suggested that increased maternal coffee consumption was causally associated with social-communication difficulties (individual-level: beta = 0.128, se = 0.043, p = 0.003; two-sample: beta = 0.348, se = 0.141, p = 0.010). However, individual-level MR analyses that modelled potential pleiotropic pathways found the effect diminished (beta = 0.088, se = 0.049, p = 0.071). Individual-level MR analyses yielded similar estimates (heterogeneity p = 0.619) for the causal effect of coffee consumption on social communication difficulties in maternal coffee consumers (beta = 0.153, se = 0.071, p = 0.032) and non-consumers (beta = 0.107, se = 0.134, p = 0.424).
Conclusions: Together, our results provide little evidence for a causal effect of maternal coffee consumption on offspring NDs.
背景:以往的流行病学观察研究表明,孕期饮用咖啡可能会影响胎儿的神经发育。然而,研究结果并不一致,可能是相关关系而非因果关系。本研究调查了挪威母亲、父亲和儿童队列研究(Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study)中母亲饮用咖啡是否与后代儿童神经发育障碍(NDs)存在观察上的关联和因果关系:采用线性回归分析法评估了母亲/父亲咖啡饮用量(孕前和孕期)与后代NDs之间的观察关系(母子二人组:58694人;父子二人组:22576人)。为了研究潜在的因果关系,我们使用以前与咖啡消费相关的基因变异作为工具变量,进行了个体水平(N = 46 245对母子)和双样本孟德尔随机化(MR)分析:我们观察到,母亲饮用咖啡与后代的社会交往困难/行为灵活性以及注意力不集中/多动冲动行为之间存在正相关(多重检验校正后的 p < 0.005)。观察发现,父亲饮用咖啡(阴性对照)与结果无关。在对潜在的混杂因素(吸烟、饮酒、教育和收入)进行调整后,母亲的相关性减弱为零。磁共振分析表明,孕产妇饮用咖啡量的增加与社交沟通障碍有因果关系(个体水平:β=0.128,se=0.043,p=0.003;双样本:β=0.348,se=0.141,p=0.010)。然而,对潜在多效应途径建模的个体水平 MR 分析发现,这种效应有所减弱(β=0.088,se=0.049,p=0.071)。个体水平的MR分析得出了相似的估计值(异质性p=0.619),即饮用咖啡对产妇社会沟通困难的因果效应(β=0.153,se=0.071,p=0.032)与非饮用者(β=0.107,se=0.134,p=0.424):总之,我们的研究结果几乎没有证明母体饮用咖啡对后代玖玖彩票网正规吗有因果影响。
{"title":"Mendelian randomization analysis of maternal coffee consumption during pregnancy on offspring neurodevelopmental difficulties in the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study (MoBa).","authors":"Shannon D'Urso, Robyn E Wootton, Helga Ask, Caroline Brito Nunes, Ole A Andreassen, Liang-Dar Hwang, Gunn-Helen Moen, David M Evans, Alexandra Havdahl","doi":"10.1017/S0033291724002216","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S0033291724002216","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Previous observational epidemiological studies have suggested that coffee consumption during pregnancy may affect fetal neurodevelopment. However, results are inconsistent and may represent correlational rather than causal relationships. The present study investigated whether maternal coffee consumption was observationally associated and causally related to offspring childhood neurodevelopmental difficulties (NDs) in the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The observational relationships between maternal/paternal coffee consumption (before and during pregnancy) and offspring NDs were assessed using linear regression analyses (<i>N</i> = 58694 mother-child duos; <i>N</i> = 22 576 father-child duos). To investigate potential causal relationships, individual-level (<i>N</i> = 46 245 mother-child duos) and two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses were conducted using genetic variants previously associated with coffee consumption as instrumental variables.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We observed positive associations between maternal coffee consumption and offspring difficulties with social-communication/behavioral flexibility, and inattention/hyperactive-impulsive behavior (multiple testing corrected <i>p</i> < 0.005). Paternal coffee consumption (negative control) was not observationally associated with the outcomes. After adjusting for potential confounders (smoking, alcohol, education and income), the maternal associations attenuated to the null. MR analyses suggested that increased maternal coffee consumption was causally associated with social-communication difficulties (individual-level: beta = 0.128, se = 0.043, <i>p</i> = 0.003; two-sample: beta = 0.348, se = 0.141, <i>p</i> = 0.010). However, individual-level MR analyses that modelled potential pleiotropic pathways found the effect diminished (beta = 0.088, se = 0.049, <i>p</i> = 0.071). Individual-level MR analyses yielded similar estimates (heterogeneity <i>p</i> = 0.619) for the causal effect of coffee consumption on social communication difficulties in maternal coffee consumers (beta = 0.153, se = 0.071, <i>p</i> = 0.032) and non-consumers (beta = 0.107, se = 0.134, <i>p</i> = 0.424).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Together, our results provide little evidence for a causal effect of maternal coffee consumption on offspring NDs.</p>","PeriodicalId":20891,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"1-14"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11496242/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142392796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-07DOI: 10.1017/S0033291724001570
Laura K M Han, Moji Aghajani, Brenda W J H Penninx, William E Copeland, Karolina A Aberg, Edwin J C G van den Oord
Background: Cross-sectional studies have identified health risks associated with epigenetic aging. However, it is unclear whether these risks make epigenetic clocks 'tick faster' (i.e. accelerate biological aging). The current study examines concurrent and lagged within-person changes of a variety of health risks associated with epigenetic aging.
Methods: Individuals from the Great Smoky Mountains Study were followed from age 9 to 35 years. DNA methylation profiles were assessed from blood, at multiple timepoints (i.e. waves) for each individual. Health risks were psychiatric, lifestyle, and adversity factors. Concurrent (N = 539 individuals; 1029 assessments) and lagged (N = 380 individuals; 760 assessments) analyses were used to determine the link between health risks and epigenetic aging.
Results: Concurrent models showed that BMI (r = 0.15, PFDR < 0.01) was significantly correlated to epigenetic aging at the subject-level but not wave-level. Lagged models demonstrated that depressive symptoms (b = 1.67 months per symptom, PFDR = 0.02) in adolescence accelerated epigenetic aging in adulthood, also when models were fully adjusted for BMI, smoking, and cannabis and alcohol use.
Conclusions: Within-persons, changes in health risks were unaccompanied by concurrent changes in epigenetic aging, suggesting that it is unlikely for risks to immediately 'accelerate' epigenetic aging. However, time lagged analyses indicated that depressive symptoms in childhood/adolescence predicted epigenetic aging in adulthood. Together, findings suggest that age-related biological embedding of depressive symptoms is not instant but provides prognostic opportunities. Repeated measurements and longer follow-up times are needed to examine stable and dynamic contributions of childhood experiences to epigenetic aging across the lifespan.
{"title":"Lagged effects of childhood depressive symptoms on adult epigenetic aging.","authors":"Laura K M Han, Moji Aghajani, Brenda W J H Penninx, William E Copeland, Karolina A Aberg, Edwin J C G van den Oord","doi":"10.1017/S0033291724001570","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S0033291724001570","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cross-sectional studies have identified health risks associated with epigenetic aging. However, it is unclear whether these risks make epigenetic clocks 'tick faster' (i.e. accelerate biological aging). The current study examines concurrent and lagged within-person changes of a variety of health risks associated with epigenetic aging.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Individuals from the Great Smoky Mountains Study were followed from age 9 to 35 years. DNA methylation profiles were assessed from blood, at multiple timepoints (i.e. waves) for each individual. Health risks were psychiatric, lifestyle, and adversity factors. Concurrent (<i>N</i> = 539 individuals; 1029 assessments) and lagged (<i>N</i> = 380 individuals; 760 assessments) analyses were used to determine the link between health risks and epigenetic aging.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Concurrent models showed that BMI (<i>r</i> = 0.15, <i>P</i><sub>FDR</sub> < 0.01) was significantly correlated to epigenetic aging at the subject-level but not wave-level. Lagged models demonstrated that depressive symptoms (<i>b</i> = 1.67 months per symptom, <i>P</i><sub>FDR</sub> = 0.02) in adolescence accelerated epigenetic aging in adulthood, also when models were fully adjusted for BMI, smoking, and cannabis and alcohol use.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Within-persons, changes in health risks were unaccompanied by concurrent changes in epigenetic aging, suggesting that it is unlikely for risks to immediately 'accelerate' epigenetic aging. However, time lagged analyses indicated that depressive symptoms in childhood/adolescence predicted epigenetic aging in adulthood. Together, findings suggest that age-related biological embedding of depressive symptoms is not instant but provides prognostic opportunities. Repeated measurements and longer follow-up times are needed to examine stable and dynamic contributions of childhood experiences to epigenetic aging across the lifespan.</p>","PeriodicalId":20891,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11496221/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142381496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-07DOI: 10.1017/S0033291724002447
Sondre Aasen Nilsen, Kjell Morten Stormark, Lasse Bang, Geir Scott Brunborg, Marit Larsen, Kyrre Breivik
Background: Whether the recent rise in adolescent self-reported depressive symptoms is influenced by changing reporting behavior is much debated. Most studies use observed sum scores to document trends but fail to assess whether their measures are invariant across time, a prerequisite for meaningful inferences about change. We examined whether measurement noninvariance, indicative of changing perceptions and reporting of symptoms, may influence the assessment of time trends in adolescent depressive symptoms.
Methods: Data stem from the nationwide repeated cross-sectional Ungdata-surveys (2010-2019) of 560 712 responses from adolescents aged 13 to 19 years. Depressive symptoms were measured with the Kandel and Davies' six-item Depressive Mood Inventory. Using structural equation modeling, we examined measurement invariance across time, gender and age, and estimated the consequences of noninvariance on cross-cohort time trends.
Results: Across most conditions, the instrument was found measurement invariant across time. The few noninvariant parameters detected had negligible impact on trend estimates. From 2014, latent mean depressive symptom scores increased among girls. For boys, a U shaped pattern was detected, whereby an initial decrease in symptoms was followed by an increase from 2016. Larger issues of noninvariance were found across age in girls and between genders.
Conclusions: From a measurement perspective, the notion that changed reporting of symptoms has been an important driver of secular trends in depressive symptoms was not supported. Thus, other causes of these trends should be considered. However, noninvariance across age (in girls) and gender highlights that depressive symptoms are not necessarily perceived equivalently from early to late adolescence and across gender.
{"title":"Time trends in adolescent depressive symptoms from 2010 to 2019 in Norway: real increase or artifacts of measurements?","authors":"Sondre Aasen Nilsen, Kjell Morten Stormark, Lasse Bang, Geir Scott Brunborg, Marit Larsen, Kyrre Breivik","doi":"10.1017/S0033291724002447","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291724002447","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Whether the recent rise in adolescent self-reported depressive symptoms is influenced by changing reporting behavior is much debated. Most studies use observed sum scores to document trends but fail to assess whether their measures are invariant across time, a prerequisite for meaningful inferences about change. We examined whether measurement noninvariance, indicative of changing perceptions and reporting of symptoms, may influence the assessment of time trends in adolescent depressive symptoms.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data stem from the nationwide repeated cross-sectional Ungdata-surveys (2010-2019) of 560 712 responses from adolescents aged 13 to 19 years. Depressive symptoms were measured with the Kandel and Davies' six-item Depressive Mood Inventory. Using structural equation modeling, we examined measurement invariance across time, gender and age, and estimated the consequences of noninvariance on cross-cohort time trends.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Across most conditions, the instrument was found measurement invariant across time. The few noninvariant parameters detected had negligible impact on trend estimates. From 2014, latent mean depressive symptom scores increased among girls. For boys, a <i>U</i> shaped pattern was detected, whereby an initial decrease in symptoms was followed by an increase from 2016. Larger issues of <i>noninvariance</i> were found across age in girls and between genders.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>From a measurement perspective, the notion that changed reporting of symptoms has been an important driver of secular trends in depressive symptoms was not supported. Thus, other causes of these trends should be considered. However, noninvariance across age (in girls) and gender highlights that depressive symptoms are not necessarily perceived equivalently from early to late adolescence and across gender.</p>","PeriodicalId":20891,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142381498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-07DOI: 10.1017/S0033291724001648
Jessica Memarzia, Katie Lofthouse, Tim Dalgleish, Adrian Boyle, Anna McKinnon, Clare Dixon, Patrick Smith, Richard Meiser-Stedman
Background: This study examined the power of theory-derived models to account for the development of PTSD, Complex PTSD (CPTSD), depression, and anxiety in children and adolescents who had experienced a single-event trauma.
Methods: Children (n = 234, aged 8-17 years) recruited from local Emergency Departments were assessed at two and nine weeks post-trauma. Data obtained from self-report questionnaires completed by the child, telephone interviews with parents, and hospital data were used to develop four predictive models of risk factors for PTSD, CPTSD, depression, and Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD). ICD-11 proposed diagnostic criteria were used to generate measures for CPTSD and PTSD to assess for risk factors and identify the sample prevalence of these disorders.
Results: At nine weeks post-trauma, 64% did not meet criteria for any disorder, 23.5% met criteria for PTSD, and 5.2% met criteria for CPTSD. 23.9% and 10.7% had developed clinically significant symptoms of depression and GAD, respectively. A cognitive model was the most powerful predictive model, a psychosocial model was weak, and subjective markers of event severity were more powerful than objective measures.
Conclusions: Youth exposed to single-incident trauma may develop different forms of psychopathology, and PTSD and CPTSD are frequently experienced alongside other conditions. The cognitive model of PTSD shows utility in identifying predictors of PTSD, CPTSD, depression, and GAD, particularly the role of trauma-related negative appraisals. This supports the application of cognitive interventions which focus upon re-appraising trauma-related beliefs in youth.
{"title":"Predictive models of post-traumatic stress disorder, complex post-traumatic stress disorder, depression, and anxiety in children and adolescents following a single-event trauma.","authors":"Jessica Memarzia, Katie Lofthouse, Tim Dalgleish, Adrian Boyle, Anna McKinnon, Clare Dixon, Patrick Smith, Richard Meiser-Stedman","doi":"10.1017/S0033291724001648","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S0033291724001648","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study examined the power of theory-derived models to account for the development of PTSD, Complex PTSD (CPTSD), depression, and anxiety in children and adolescents who had experienced a single-event trauma.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Children (<i>n</i> = 234, aged 8-17 years) recruited from local Emergency Departments were assessed at two and nine weeks post-trauma. Data obtained from self-report questionnaires completed by the child, telephone interviews with parents, and hospital data were used to develop four predictive models of risk factors for PTSD, CPTSD, depression, and Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD). ICD-11 proposed diagnostic criteria were used to generate measures for CPTSD and PTSD to assess for risk factors and identify the sample prevalence of these disorders.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>At nine weeks post-trauma, 64% did not meet criteria for any disorder, 23.5% met criteria for PTSD, and 5.2% met criteria for CPTSD. 23.9% and 10.7% had developed clinically significant symptoms of depression and GAD, respectively. A cognitive model was the most powerful predictive model, a psychosocial model was weak, and subjective markers of event severity were more powerful than objective measures.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Youth exposed to single-incident trauma may develop different forms of psychopathology, and PTSD and CPTSD are frequently experienced alongside other conditions. The cognitive model of PTSD shows utility in identifying predictors of PTSD, CPTSD, depression, and GAD, particularly the role of trauma-related negative appraisals. This supports the application of cognitive interventions which focus upon re-appraising trauma-related beliefs in youth.</p>","PeriodicalId":20891,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11496237/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142381497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-04DOI: 10.1017/S0033291724002290
Moin Ahmed, Sarah Maguire, Kelly M Dann, Francisco Scheneuer, Marcellinus Kim, Jane Miskovic-Wheatley, Danielle Maloney, Natasha Nassar, Michelle Cunich
Background: Little is known about socioeconomic equity in access to healthcare among people with eating disorders in Australia. This study aims to measure the extent of inequity in eating disorder-related healthcare utilization, analyze trends, and explore the sources of inequalities using New South Wales (NSW) administrative linked health data for 2005 to 2020.
Methods: Socioeconomic inequities were measured using concentration index approach, and decomposition analysis was conducted to explain the factors accounting for inequality. Healthcare utilization included: public inpatient admissions, private inpatient admissions, visits to public mental health outpatient clinics and emergency department visits, with three different measures (probability of visit, total and conditional number of visits) for each outcome.
Results: Private hospital admissions due to eating disorders were concentrated among individuals from higher socioeconomic status (SES) from 2005 to 2020. There was no significant inequity in the probability of public hospital admissions for the same period. Public outpatient visits were utilized more by people from lower SES from 2008 to 2020. Emergency department visits were equitable, but more utilized by those from lower SES in 2020.
Conclusions: Public hospital and emergency department services were equitably used by people with eating disorders in NSW, but individuals from high SES were more likely to be admitted to private hospitals for eating disorder care. Use of public hospital outpatient services was higher for those from lower SES. These findings can assist policymakers in understanding the equity of the healthcare system and developing programs to improve fairness in eating disorder-related healthcare in NSW.
{"title":"Socioeconomic inequity in the utilization of healthcare among people with eating disorders in Australia.","authors":"Moin Ahmed, Sarah Maguire, Kelly M Dann, Francisco Scheneuer, Marcellinus Kim, Jane Miskovic-Wheatley, Danielle Maloney, Natasha Nassar, Michelle Cunich","doi":"10.1017/S0033291724002290","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291724002290","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Little is known about socioeconomic equity in access to healthcare among people with eating disorders in Australia. This study aims to measure the extent of inequity in eating disorder-related healthcare utilization, analyze trends, and explore the sources of inequalities using New South Wales (NSW) administrative linked health data for 2005 to 2020.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Socioeconomic inequities were measured using concentration index approach, and decomposition analysis was conducted to explain the factors accounting for inequality. Healthcare utilization included: public inpatient admissions, private inpatient admissions, visits to public mental health outpatient clinics and emergency department visits, with three different measures (probability of visit, total and conditional number of visits) for each outcome.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Private hospital admissions due to eating disorders were concentrated among individuals from higher socioeconomic status (SES) from 2005 to 2020. There was no significant inequity in the probability of public hospital admissions for the same period. Public outpatient visits were utilized more by people from lower SES from 2008 to 2020. Emergency department visits were equitable, but more utilized by those from lower SES in 2020.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Public hospital and emergency department services were equitably used by people with eating disorders in NSW, but individuals from high SES were more likely to be admitted to private hospitals for eating disorder care. Use of public hospital outpatient services was higher for those from lower SES. These findings can assist policymakers in understanding the equity of the healthcare system and developing programs to improve fairness in eating disorder-related healthcare in NSW.</p>","PeriodicalId":20891,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142372718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-04DOI: 10.1017/S0033291724002010
Sekine Ozturk, Scott Feltman, Daniel N Klein, Roman Kotov, Aprajita Mohanty
Background: Adolescence is marked by a sharp increase in the incidence of depression, especially in females. Identification of risk for depressive disorders (DD) in this key developmental stage can help prevention efforts, mitigating the clinical and public burden of DD. While frequently used in diagnosis, nonverbal behaviors are relatively understudied as risk markers for DD. Digital technology, such as facial recognition, may provide objective, fast, efficient, and cost-effective means of measuring nonverbal behavior.
Method: Here, we analyzed video-recorded clinical interviews of 359 never-depressed adolescents females via commercially available facial emotion recognition software.
Results: We found that average head and facial movements forecast future first onset of depression (AUC = 0.70) beyond the effects of other established self-report and physiological markers of DD risk.
Conclusions: Overall, these findings suggest that digital assessment of nonverbal behaviors may provide a promising risk marker for DD, which could aid in early identification and intervention efforts.
{"title":"Digital assessment of nonverbal behaviors forecasts first onset of depression.","authors":"Sekine Ozturk, Scott Feltman, Daniel N Klein, Roman Kotov, Aprajita Mohanty","doi":"10.1017/S0033291724002010","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S0033291724002010","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Adolescence is marked by a sharp increase in the incidence of depression, especially in females. Identification of risk for depressive disorders (DD) in this key developmental stage can help prevention efforts, mitigating the clinical and public burden of DD. While frequently used in diagnosis, nonverbal behaviors are relatively understudied as risk markers for DD. Digital technology, such as facial recognition, may provide objective, fast, efficient, and cost-effective means of measuring nonverbal behavior.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Here, we analyzed video-recorded clinical interviews of 359 never-depressed adolescents females via commercially available facial emotion recognition software.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We found that average head and facial movements forecast future first onset of depression (AUC = 0.70) beyond the effects of other established self-report and physiological markers of DD risk.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Overall, these findings suggest that digital assessment of nonverbal behaviors may provide a promising risk marker for DD, which could aid in early identification and intervention efforts.</p>","PeriodicalId":20891,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11496224/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142372706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-04DOI: 10.1017/S0033291724001764
Patricia Gooding, Kamelia Harris, Paula Duxbury, Daniel Pratt, Charlotte Huggett, Richard Emsley, Yvonne Awenat, Gillian Haddock
Background: The ways in which perceived harm due to substance use affects relationships between psychotic and suicidal experiences are poorly understood. The goal of the current study was to redress this gap by investigating the moderating effects of harm due to substance use on pathways involving positive psychotic symptoms, the perceived cognitive-emotional sequelae of those symptoms, and suicidal ideation.
Method: The design was cross-sectional. Mediation and moderated mediation pathways were tested. The predictor was severity of positive psychotic symptoms. Cognitive interpretative and emotional characteristics of both auditory hallucinations and delusions were mediators. Suicidal ideation was the outcome variable. General symptoms associated with severe mental health problems were statistically controlled for.
Results: There was evidence of an indirect pathway between positive psychotic symptom severity and suicidal ideation via cognitive interpretation and emotional characteristics of both auditory hallucinations and delusions. Harm due to drug use, but not alcohol use, moderated the indirect pathway involving delusions such that it was most prominent when harm due to drug use was at medium-to-high levels. The components of suicidal ideation that were most strongly affected by this moderated indirect pathway were active intent, passive desire, and lack of deterrents.
Conclusions: From both scientific and therapy development perspectives, it is important to understand the complex interplay between, not only the presence of auditory hallucinations and delusions, but the ensuing cognitive and emotional consequences of those experiences which, when combined with harm associated with substance use, in particular drug use, can escalate suicidal thoughts and acts.
{"title":"Influence of perceived harm due to substance use on the relationships between positive psychotic experiences and suicidal experiences in people with non-affective psychosis.","authors":"Patricia Gooding, Kamelia Harris, Paula Duxbury, Daniel Pratt, Charlotte Huggett, Richard Emsley, Yvonne Awenat, Gillian Haddock","doi":"10.1017/S0033291724001764","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S0033291724001764","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The ways in which perceived harm due to substance use affects relationships between psychotic and suicidal experiences are poorly understood. The goal of the current study was to redress this gap by investigating the moderating effects of harm due to substance use on pathways involving positive psychotic symptoms, the perceived cognitive-emotional sequelae of those symptoms, and suicidal ideation.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>The design was cross-sectional. Mediation and moderated mediation pathways were tested. The predictor was severity of positive psychotic symptoms. Cognitive interpretative and emotional characteristics of both auditory hallucinations and delusions were mediators. Suicidal ideation was the outcome variable. General symptoms associated with severe mental health problems were statistically controlled for.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There was evidence of an indirect pathway between positive psychotic symptom severity and suicidal ideation via cognitive interpretation and emotional characteristics of both auditory hallucinations and delusions. Harm due to drug use, but not alcohol use, moderated the indirect pathway involving delusions such that it was most prominent when harm due to drug use was at medium-to-high levels. The components of suicidal ideation that were most strongly affected by this moderated indirect pathway were active intent, passive desire, and lack of deterrents.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>From both scientific and therapy development perspectives, it is important to understand the complex interplay between, not only the presence of auditory hallucinations and delusions, but the ensuing cognitive and emotional consequences of those experiences which, when combined with harm associated with substance use, in particular drug use, can escalate suicidal thoughts and acts.</p>","PeriodicalId":20891,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11496240/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142372708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-04DOI: 10.1017/S0033291724001971
Oliver D Howes, George E Chapman
Meta-analyses traditionally compare the difference in means between groups for one or more outcomes of interest. However, they do not compare the spread of data (variability), which could mean that important effects and/or subgroups are missed. To address this, methods to compare variability meta-analytically have recently been developed, making it timely to review them and consider their strengths, weaknesses, and implementation. Using published data from trials in major depression, we demonstrate how the spread of data can impact both overall effect size and the frequency of extreme observations within studies, with potentially important implications for conclusions of meta-analyses, such as the clinical significance of findings. We then describe two methods for assessing group differences in variability meta-analytically: the variance ratio (VR) and coefficient of variation ratio (CVR). We consider the reporting and interpretation of these measures and how they differ from the assessment of heterogeneity between studies. We propose general benchmarks as a guideline for interpreting VR and CVR effects as small, medium, or large. Finally, we discuss some important limitations and practical considerations of VR and CVR and consider the value of integrating variability measures into meta-analyses.
{"title":"Understanding variability: the role of meta-analysis of variance.","authors":"Oliver D Howes, George E Chapman","doi":"10.1017/S0033291724001971","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S0033291724001971","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Meta-analyses traditionally compare the difference in means between groups for one or more outcomes of interest. However, they do not compare the spread of data (variability), which could mean that important effects and/or subgroups are missed. To address this, methods to compare variability meta-analytically have recently been developed, making it timely to review them and consider their strengths, weaknesses, and implementation. Using published data from trials in major depression, we demonstrate how the spread of data can impact both overall effect size and the frequency of extreme observations within studies, with potentially important implications for conclusions of meta-analyses, such as the clinical significance of findings. We then describe two methods for assessing group differences in variability meta-analytically: the variance ratio (VR) and coefficient of variation ratio (CVR). We consider the reporting and interpretation of these measures and how they differ from the assessment of heterogeneity between studies. We propose general benchmarks as a guideline for interpreting VR and CVR effects as small, medium, or large. Finally, we discuss some important limitations and practical considerations of VR and CVR and consider the value of integrating variability measures into meta-analyses.</p>","PeriodicalId":20891,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11496233/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142372720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-04DOI: 10.1017/S003329172400182X
Ayelet Meron Ruscio, Madeleine Rassaby, Murray B Stein, Dan J Stein, Sergio Aguilar-Gaxiola, Ali Al-Hamzawi, Jordi Alonso, Lukoye Atwoli, Guilherme Borges, Evelyn J Bromet, Ronny Bruffaerts, Brendan Bunting, Graça Cardoso, Stephanie Chardoul, Giovanni de Girolamo, Peter de Jonge, Oye Gureje, Josep Maria Haro, Elie G Karam, Aimee Karam, Andrzej Kiejna, Viviane Kovess-Masfety, Sue Lee, Fernando Navarro-Mateu, Daisuke Nishi, Marina Piazza, José Posada-Villa, Nancy A Sampson, Kate M Scott, Tim Slade, Juan Carlos Stagnaro, Yolanda Torres, Maria Carmen Viana, Cristian Vladescu, Zahari Zarkov, Ronald C Kessler
Background: Around the world, people living in objectively difficult circumstances who experience symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) do not qualify for a diagnosis because their worry is not 'excessive' relative to the context. We carried out the first large-scale, cross-national study to explore the implications of removing this excessiveness requirement.
Methods: Data come from the World Health Organization World Mental Health Survey Initiative. A total of 133 614 adults from 12 surveys in Low- or Middle-Income Countries (LMICs) and 16 surveys in High-Income Countries (HICs) were assessed with the Composite International Diagnostic Interview. Non-excessive worriers meeting all other DSM-5 criteria for GAD were compared to respondents meeting all criteria for GAD, and to respondents without GAD, on clinically-relevant correlates.
Results: Removing the excessiveness requirement increases the global lifetime prevalence of GAD from 2.6% to 4.0%, with larger increases in LMICs than HICs. Non-excessive and excessive GAD cases worry about many of the same things, although non-excessive cases worry more about health/welfare of loved ones, and less about personal or non-specific concerns, than excessive cases. Non-excessive cases closely resemble excessive cases in socio-demographic characteristics, family history of GAD, and risk of temporally secondary comorbidity and suicidality. Although non-excessive cases are less severe on average, they report impairment comparable to excessive cases and often seek treatment for GAD symptoms.
Conclusions: Individuals with non-excessive worry who meet all other DSM-5 criteria for GAD are clinically significant cases. Eliminating the excessiveness requirement would lead to a more defensible GAD diagnosis.
{"title":"The case for eliminating excessive worry as a requirement for generalized anxiety disorder: a cross-national investigation.","authors":"Ayelet Meron Ruscio, Madeleine Rassaby, Murray B Stein, Dan J Stein, Sergio Aguilar-Gaxiola, Ali Al-Hamzawi, Jordi Alonso, Lukoye Atwoli, Guilherme Borges, Evelyn J Bromet, Ronny Bruffaerts, Brendan Bunting, Graça Cardoso, Stephanie Chardoul, Giovanni de Girolamo, Peter de Jonge, Oye Gureje, Josep Maria Haro, Elie G Karam, Aimee Karam, Andrzej Kiejna, Viviane Kovess-Masfety, Sue Lee, Fernando Navarro-Mateu, Daisuke Nishi, Marina Piazza, José Posada-Villa, Nancy A Sampson, Kate M Scott, Tim Slade, Juan Carlos Stagnaro, Yolanda Torres, Maria Carmen Viana, Cristian Vladescu, Zahari Zarkov, Ronald C Kessler","doi":"10.1017/S003329172400182X","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S003329172400182X","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Around the world, people living in objectively difficult circumstances who experience symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) do not qualify for a diagnosis because their worry is not 'excessive' relative to the context. We carried out the first large-scale, cross-national study to explore the implications of removing this excessiveness requirement.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data come from the World Health Organization World Mental Health Survey Initiative. A total of 133 614 adults from 12 surveys in Low- or Middle-Income Countries (LMICs) and 16 surveys in High-Income Countries (HICs) were assessed with the Composite International Diagnostic Interview. Non-excessive worriers meeting all other <i>DSM-5</i> criteria for GAD were compared to respondents meeting all criteria for GAD, and to respondents without GAD, on clinically-relevant correlates.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Removing the excessiveness requirement increases the global lifetime prevalence of GAD from 2.6% to 4.0%, with larger increases in LMICs than HICs. Non-excessive and excessive GAD cases worry about many of the same things, although non-excessive cases worry more about health/welfare of loved ones, and less about personal or non-specific concerns, than excessive cases. Non-excessive cases closely resemble excessive cases in socio-demographic characteristics, family history of GAD, and risk of temporally secondary comorbidity and suicidality. Although non-excessive cases are less severe on average, they report impairment comparable to excessive cases and often seek treatment for GAD symptoms.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Individuals with non-excessive worry who meet all other <i>DSM-5</i> criteria for GAD are clinically significant cases. Eliminating the excessiveness requirement would lead to a more defensible GAD diagnosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":20891,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11496212/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142372719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-04DOI: 10.1017/S0033291724001909
Da Zhang, Changjun Teng, Yinhao Xu, Lei Tian, Ping Cao, Xiao Wang, Zonghong Li, Chengbin Guan, Xiao Hu
Background: Although numerous neuroimaging studies have depicted neural alterations in individuals with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), a psychiatric disorder characterized by intrusive cognitions and repetitive behaviors, the molecular mechanisms connecting brain structural changes and gene expression remain poorly understood.
Methods: This study combined the Allen Human Brain Atlas dataset with neuroimaging data from the Meta-Analysis (ENIGMA) consortium and independent cohorts. Later, partial least squares regression and enrichment analysis were performed to probe the correlation between transcription and cortical thickness variation among adults with OCD.
Results: The cortical map of case-control differences in cortical thickness was spatially correlated with cortical expression of a weighted combination of genes enriched for neurobiologically relevant ontology terms preferentially expressed across different cell types and cortical layers. These genes were specifically expressed in brain tissue, spanning all cortical developmental stages. Protein-protein interaction analysis revealed that these genes coded a network of proteins encompassing various highly interactive hubs.
Conclusions: The study findings bridge the gap between neural structure and transcriptome data in OCD, fostering an integrative understanding of the potential biological mechanisms.
{"title":"Genetic and molecular correlates of cortical thickness alterations in adults with obsessive-compulsive disorder: a transcription-neuroimaging association analysis.","authors":"Da Zhang, Changjun Teng, Yinhao Xu, Lei Tian, Ping Cao, Xiao Wang, Zonghong Li, Chengbin Guan, Xiao Hu","doi":"10.1017/S0033291724001909","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S0033291724001909","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Although numerous neuroimaging studies have depicted neural alterations in individuals with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), a psychiatric disorder characterized by intrusive cognitions and repetitive behaviors, the molecular mechanisms connecting brain structural changes and gene expression remain poorly understood.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study combined the Allen Human Brain Atlas dataset with neuroimaging data from the Meta-Analysis (ENIGMA) consortium and independent cohorts. Later, partial least squares regression and enrichment analysis were performed to probe the correlation between transcription and cortical thickness variation among adults with OCD.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The cortical map of case-control differences in cortical thickness was spatially correlated with cortical expression of a weighted combination of genes enriched for neurobiologically relevant ontology terms preferentially expressed across different cell types and cortical layers. These genes were specifically expressed in brain tissue, spanning all cortical developmental stages. Protein-protein interaction analysis revealed that these genes coded a network of proteins encompassing various highly interactive hubs.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The study findings bridge the gap between neural structure and transcriptome data in OCD, fostering an integrative understanding of the potential biological mechanisms.</p>","PeriodicalId":20891,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11496223/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142372707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}