Pub Date : 2019-10-24DOI: 10.31031/rdms.2019.12.000781
L. Alves
In civil construction, new materials have emerged as alternatives to reduce the impact of the activity on the environment, one of them is the geopolymer. This material, which can be characterized as a stable and synthesized composite of aluminosilicate materials, has emerged as a potential substitute for Portland cement because it presents similar characteristics of initial strength and good mechanical performance, but without the high emission of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) to obtaining it. This work brings an overview on geopolymer chemical composition and general properties. It is intended to disseminate knowledge as of the state of the art on geopolymer as cement substitute. However, geopolymer cement still needs to be potentially exploited. This requires, among other things, that there be a dissemination of knowledge about the material in the field of civil construction, so that it becomes a known alternative not only in some niches. It is also necessary to develop technological options so that their failures of resistance and mechanical behavior, similar to Portland cement, are overcome.
{"title":"A Quick Overview on Geopolymer Chemistry and General Properties","authors":"L. Alves","doi":"10.31031/rdms.2019.12.000781","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31031/rdms.2019.12.000781","url":null,"abstract":"In civil construction, new materials have emerged as alternatives to reduce the impact of the activity on the environment, one of them is the geopolymer. This material, which can be characterized as a stable and synthesized composite of aluminosilicate materials, has emerged as a potential substitute for Portland cement because it presents similar characteristics of initial strength and good mechanical performance, but without the high emission of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) to obtaining it. This work brings an overview on geopolymer chemical composition and general properties. It is intended to disseminate knowledge as of the state of the art on geopolymer as cement substitute. However, geopolymer cement still needs to be potentially exploited. This requires, among other things, that there be a dissemination of knowledge about the material in the field of civil construction, so that it becomes a known alternative not only in some niches. It is also necessary to develop technological options so that their failures of resistance and mechanical behavior, similar to Portland cement, are overcome.","PeriodicalId":20943,"journal":{"name":"Research & Development in Material Science","volume":"63 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81419102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-21DOI: 10.31031/rdms.2019.12.000780
I. Shuvo
Advanced composite materials (ACM) made with technical textile fibres are of significant interest in aerospace, military weapon, marine, automotive, civil construction and different areas of engineering application due to their distinctive and superior strength to weight ratio over traditional materials (such as metals or ceramics) [1-4]. The aerospace industry is one of the largest consumers of ACM because the industry has reduced the weight of the aircraft panels by more than 40% by replacing aluminum materials with ACM [3]. Besides the lower density (light-weight) of the ACM, the aircraft segment can also be benefitted from the high stiffness, high strength, high axial or longitudinal specific strength [4]. According to the comparative cost principle, the financial advantages possessed by any company engaged in aircraft manufacturing will grow even higher if it can produce a given aircraft panel at lower resource input cost than its competitors, which is possible by replacing aluminum panels with composite panels; because a reduction of 1kg in weight can save fuel cost worth up to $50$500 USD depending on the types of aircrafts (Figure 1) and global fuel price matrix [3]. T-300 built aircraft payload bay doors can be a real-life example of this comparative cost principle, which is made by carbon fibre-epoxy composite part and demonstrated 400kg of weight saving [4]. Further to the comparative cost and light-weight advantages, Lockheed Martin was also able to simplify their manufacturing assembly by eliminating 95% of the fasteners through the duct because of the use of ACM in the air inlet duct of F35 military fighter jet [5]. A separate study displayed that the total number of components in helicopter manufacturing was dropped by a factor of 7 (from 11,000 to 1500 parts) with a corresponding reduction of 90% in the number of fasteners [4].
{"title":"Aerospace Composite Structure: Routing a Thermoset Composite Fabrication Model by Prepeg Lay-up Medium to Manufacture Sandwich Panels for Aircraft","authors":"I. Shuvo","doi":"10.31031/rdms.2019.12.000780","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31031/rdms.2019.12.000780","url":null,"abstract":"Advanced composite materials (ACM) made with technical textile fibres are of significant interest in aerospace, military weapon, marine, automotive, civil construction and different areas of engineering application due to their distinctive and superior strength to weight ratio over traditional materials (such as metals or ceramics) [1-4]. The aerospace industry is one of the largest consumers of ACM because the industry has reduced the weight of the aircraft panels by more than 40% by replacing aluminum materials with ACM [3]. Besides the lower density (light-weight) of the ACM, the aircraft segment can also be benefitted from the high stiffness, high strength, high axial or longitudinal specific strength [4]. According to the comparative cost principle, the financial advantages possessed by any company engaged in aircraft manufacturing will grow even higher if it can produce a given aircraft panel at lower resource input cost than its competitors, which is possible by replacing aluminum panels with composite panels; because a reduction of 1kg in weight can save fuel cost worth up to $50$500 USD depending on the types of aircrafts (Figure 1) and global fuel price matrix [3]. T-300 built aircraft payload bay doors can be a real-life example of this comparative cost principle, which is made by carbon fibre-epoxy composite part and demonstrated 400kg of weight saving [4]. Further to the comparative cost and light-weight advantages, Lockheed Martin was also able to simplify their manufacturing assembly by eliminating 95% of the fasteners through the duct because of the use of ACM in the air inlet duct of F35 military fighter jet [5]. A separate study displayed that the total number of components in helicopter manufacturing was dropped by a factor of 7 (from 11,000 to 1500 parts) with a corresponding reduction of 90% in the number of fasteners [4].","PeriodicalId":20943,"journal":{"name":"Research & Development in Material Science","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79432221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-15DOI: 10.31031/rdms.2019.12.000778
S. P. Preez, D. Bessarabov
The use of lightweight metals as hydrolyzing materials for hydrogen (H2) generation has attracted much attention in recent years. This is clearly evident when one considers the continuous stream of publications being made available in the public peer-reviewed domain on the subject. Metal-based hydrolyzing materials are combined with water, under certain conditions, to allow the hydrolysis reaction, yielding high-purity H2 on demand. Of the lightweight metals investigated, aluminum (Al) has shown significant potential as it is lightweight, relatively inexpensive, and abundant.
{"title":"Material Aspects Pertaining to Hydrogen Production from Aluminum: Opinion","authors":"S. P. Preez, D. Bessarabov","doi":"10.31031/rdms.2019.12.000778","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31031/rdms.2019.12.000778","url":null,"abstract":"The use of lightweight metals as hydrolyzing materials for hydrogen (H2) generation has attracted much attention in recent years. This is clearly evident when one considers the continuous stream of publications being made available in the public peer-reviewed domain on the subject. Metal-based hydrolyzing materials are combined with water, under certain conditions, to allow the hydrolysis reaction, yielding high-purity H2 on demand. Of the lightweight metals investigated, aluminum (Al) has shown significant potential as it is lightweight, relatively inexpensive, and abundant.","PeriodicalId":20943,"journal":{"name":"Research & Development in Material Science","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75469807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-15DOI: 10.31031/rdms.2019.12.000779
Ganlin Chen, W. Cao
{"title":"Preparation of GaSe Nanorods Sensor by Liquid Phase Exfoliation","authors":"Ganlin Chen, W. Cao","doi":"10.31031/rdms.2019.12.000779","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31031/rdms.2019.12.000779","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20943,"journal":{"name":"Research & Development in Material Science","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86892284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-15DOI: 10.31031/rdms.2019.12.000777
J. Veuger
The inevitable convergence of the blockchain, AI and IoT will form an impactful combination of security, interconnectivity and autonomy to bring about a revolution in the way processes run. A combination of Blockchain, AI and IERT technologies that affect the potential of how businesses, industries and even economies function will redefine them more than they do today. Some applications and concepts have already seen an overlap between these technologies with promising results1 . An example of this is the combination of AI and Blockchain to manage Unmanned Aerial/Air/Airborne Vehicle (UAV) air traffic, making mass autonomous flying safer. This application alone will redefine the business of aviation and logistics
{"title":"Convergence Blockchain, AI en IoT","authors":"J. Veuger","doi":"10.31031/rdms.2019.12.000777","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31031/rdms.2019.12.000777","url":null,"abstract":"The inevitable convergence of the blockchain, AI and IoT will form an impactful combination of security, interconnectivity and autonomy to bring about a revolution in the way processes run. A combination of Blockchain, AI and IERT technologies that affect the potential of how businesses, industries and even economies function will redefine them more than they do today. Some applications and concepts have already seen an overlap between these technologies with promising results1 . An example of this is the combination of AI and Blockchain to manage Unmanned Aerial/Air/Airborne Vehicle (UAV) air traffic, making mass autonomous flying safer. This application alone will redefine the business of aviation and logistics","PeriodicalId":20943,"journal":{"name":"Research & Development in Material Science","volume":"429 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76637776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-11DOI: 10.31031/rdms.2019.12.000776
S. Ak, S. Das, Patnaik Ak
{"title":"Spectroscopic and Ultrasonic Exploration on Molecular Interaction of Ciprofloxacin with L-Glutamic Acid in Aqueous Medium","authors":"S. Ak, S. Das, Patnaik Ak","doi":"10.31031/rdms.2019.12.000776","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31031/rdms.2019.12.000776","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20943,"journal":{"name":"Research & Development in Material Science","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91114055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-30DOI: 10.31031/rdms.2019.11.000775
Md. Farhad Hasan
Landfill is an essential part of the waste management system. Wastes which cannot be reused or recycled, are generally stored in landfills. A typical landfill consists of geomembrane, clay liner, and overlays the prevailing hydrogeological setting, depending on the landfill type and geographic location [1,2]. Solid wastes contain different types of contaminants, such as inorganics, anions, organics, and pesticides. Through the percolation of water and the in-situ generations from waste decomposition contaminants can partition to the aqueous phase (leachate) [1,3]. This leachate is able to percolate through the waste and presents a potential risk of emission through the base of the landfill if not appropriately managed. In landfills, geomembranes and clays materials are often employed as barriers which aim to retard the migration of contaminants [4-6]. Understanding contaminant migration if important to establishing a safe environmental legacy.
{"title":"Role of Distribution and Diffusion Coefficients of Compacted Clay Liner and Geomembrane in Landfills","authors":"Md. Farhad Hasan","doi":"10.31031/rdms.2019.11.000775","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31031/rdms.2019.11.000775","url":null,"abstract":"Landfill is an essential part of the waste management system. Wastes which cannot be reused or recycled, are generally stored in landfills. A typical landfill consists of geomembrane, clay liner, and overlays the prevailing hydrogeological setting, depending on the landfill type and geographic location [1,2]. Solid wastes contain different types of contaminants, such as inorganics, anions, organics, and pesticides. Through the percolation of water and the in-situ generations from waste decomposition contaminants can partition to the aqueous phase (leachate) [1,3]. This leachate is able to percolate through the waste and presents a potential risk of emission through the base of the landfill if not appropriately managed. In landfills, geomembranes and clays materials are often employed as barriers which aim to retard the migration of contaminants [4-6]. Understanding contaminant migration if important to establishing a safe environmental legacy.","PeriodicalId":20943,"journal":{"name":"Research & Development in Material Science","volume":"455 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79754361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-25DOI: 10.31031/rdms.2019.11.000774
Sammer-Ul Hassan, Xunli Zhang, X. Niu
Microfluidics has been a critical technology for over two decades to study and manipulate fluids in microstructures. It has the potential to provide smart microdevices, which can change how modern biology, chemical synthesis, and point-of-care diagnostics are performed [1]. Microfluidics offers many advantages, including minute quantities of samples and reagents, compact ability, low cost, rapid, high resolution and sensitive analyses. Continuous microfluidics typically involves single-phase flow in microchannels, although traditionally liquids with macromolecules, microparticles or cells are also categorized in continuous microfluidics. Due to the small Reynolds number (0.01-100), Re= ULρ/μ, the flow is laminar in microfluidic devices, where U, L, ρ and μ stand for the velocity of the flow, the diameter of the capillary, density and viscosity of fluid flow respectively [2]. Continuous microfluidics suffers from less efficient and slow mixing in microchannels, molecular contamination of loss on the surface of the channels and Taylor dispersion of molecules alongside the microchannels. The Taylor dispersion leads the parabolic velocity movement of liquid inside microchannels, which involves two velocity regimes, i.e. at the walls and in the middle of the microchannel [2,3].
{"title":"Droplet-Based Microfluidics: Formation, Detection and Analytical Characterization","authors":"Sammer-Ul Hassan, Xunli Zhang, X. Niu","doi":"10.31031/rdms.2019.11.000774","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31031/rdms.2019.11.000774","url":null,"abstract":"Microfluidics has been a critical technology for over two decades to study and manipulate fluids in microstructures. It has the potential to provide smart microdevices, which can change how modern biology, chemical synthesis, and point-of-care diagnostics are performed [1]. Microfluidics offers many advantages, including minute quantities of samples and reagents, compact ability, low cost, rapid, high resolution and sensitive analyses. Continuous microfluidics typically involves single-phase flow in microchannels, although traditionally liquids with macromolecules, microparticles or cells are also categorized in continuous microfluidics. Due to the small Reynolds number (0.01-100), Re= ULρ/μ, the flow is laminar in microfluidic devices, where U, L, ρ and μ stand for the velocity of the flow, the diameter of the capillary, density and viscosity of fluid flow respectively [2]. Continuous microfluidics suffers from less efficient and slow mixing in microchannels, molecular contamination of loss on the surface of the channels and Taylor dispersion of molecules alongside the microchannels. The Taylor dispersion leads the parabolic velocity movement of liquid inside microchannels, which involves two velocity regimes, i.e. at the walls and in the middle of the microchannel [2,3].","PeriodicalId":20943,"journal":{"name":"Research & Development in Material Science","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84058123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-19DOI: 10.31031/rdms.2019.11.000772
A. Dimara, C. Timplalexis, S. Krinidis, D. Tzovaras
Global warming and energy demand are two of the most significant factors that affect the standard of living. The temperature deviations affect energy consumed for heating or cooling a place and the emissions produced by the means used to heat and cool a building affect the climate change. This bidirectional relationship between energy and temperature needs to be examined as the demand for energy is increasing and as a result there will be a supply shortage [1]. In addition, the effects from the temperature increase are getting worse by the year [2]. The visibility provided to the consumers by the information delivered from daily consumption metering can help them to save energy and money. Consumption information can be provided by smart meters as they are easy to install, they send real time energy consumption both to the energy supplier and the consumers [3].
{"title":"Indoor and Outdoor Temperature Impact on Residential Consumption - A Study in Greece","authors":"A. Dimara, C. Timplalexis, S. Krinidis, D. Tzovaras","doi":"10.31031/rdms.2019.11.000772","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31031/rdms.2019.11.000772","url":null,"abstract":"Global warming and energy demand are two of the most significant factors that affect the standard of living. The temperature deviations affect energy consumed for heating or cooling a place and the emissions produced by the means used to heat and cool a building affect the climate change. This bidirectional relationship between energy and temperature needs to be examined as the demand for energy is increasing and as a result there will be a supply shortage [1]. In addition, the effects from the temperature increase are getting worse by the year [2]. The visibility provided to the consumers by the information delivered from daily consumption metering can help them to save energy and money. Consumption information can be provided by smart meters as they are easy to install, they send real time energy consumption both to the energy supplier and the consumers [3].","PeriodicalId":20943,"journal":{"name":"Research & Development in Material Science","volume":"176 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91540018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-16DOI: 10.31031/RDMS.2019.11.000771
C. Timplalexis
Indoor comfort can be described as a situation where building occupants are at a state of physical ease and well-being. Comfort is determined from the occupants’ perception of the environmental conditions according to their needs and objective senses. For indoor environments it is mainly defined by two factors, thermal and visual comfort. The proper regulation of thermal and visual conditions results in the elimination of any negative impact on the occupants’ execution of physical and cognitive activities [1]. The aim of the current study is the personalized estimation of the thermal and visual comfort for household occupants with the minimum level of intrusiveness as only a temperature/humidity and a luminance sensor are utilized. Both thermal and visual comfort are measured on the Ashrae 7-point range [2] (Table 1).
{"title":"Thermal Comfort and Visual Comfort Inference for Residential Users","authors":"C. Timplalexis","doi":"10.31031/RDMS.2019.11.000771","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31031/RDMS.2019.11.000771","url":null,"abstract":"Indoor comfort can be described as a situation where building occupants are at a state of physical ease and well-being. Comfort is determined from the occupants’ perception of the environmental conditions according to their needs and objective senses. For indoor environments it is mainly defined by two factors, thermal and visual comfort. The proper regulation of thermal and visual conditions results in the elimination of any negative impact on the occupants’ execution of physical and cognitive activities [1]. The aim of the current study is the personalized estimation of the thermal and visual comfort for household occupants with the minimum level of intrusiveness as only a temperature/humidity and a luminance sensor are utilized. Both thermal and visual comfort are measured on the Ashrae 7-point range [2] (Table 1).","PeriodicalId":20943,"journal":{"name":"Research & Development in Material Science","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73404035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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