Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology最新文献_第3页

The activity of suprahyoid muscles during sevoflurane-induced gasping in mice 七氟醚诱导小鼠喘息时耳上肌的活动。

IF 1.9 4区医学 Q3 PHYSIOLOGY

Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology

Pub Date : 2024-10-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2024.104355

Saki Taiji, Takashi Nishino, Hisayo Jin, Mayumi Hashida, Shiroh Isono

Sevoflurane-induced gasping in mice involves an enormous increase in inspiratory effort, mandibular movement, and a marked decrease in respiratory frequency (fR). We examined differences in breathing patterns and electromyogram activity (EMG_SH) of the suprahyoid muscles (SHMs) during eupnea under 3.2 % (1 MAC: minimum alveolar concentration) sevoflurane inhalation and sevoflurane-induced gasping under 6.5 % (2 MAC) sevoflurane inhalation in eight spontaneously breathing, tracheally intubated, adult mice. We found that the phasic EMG_SH is obtained only during inspiration in eupnea and gasping and that integrated EMG_SH increases more, as a percent of baseline (% baseline) than tidal volume (V_T) during gasping (median [interquartile range]; integrated EMG_SH: 720 [425–1965] vs. V_T: 300 [238–373], P < 0.05). We also found that the onset of EMG_SH precedes the start of airflow while maintaining a bell-shaped EMG_SH contour, which characterizes the EMG of upper airway dilator (UAD) muscles during eupnea and gasping. Vigorous respiratory-related mandibular movements were never observed during eupnea but were observed in seven of 8 mice during sevoflurane-induced gasping. Our observations indicate that SHMs act as a preferentially activating UAD muscle, contributing to the development of mandibular respiratory movements.

七氟醚诱导的小鼠喘气会导致吸气强度和下颌骨运动的大幅增加，以及呼吸频率（fR）的明显降低。我们研究了 8 只自主呼吸、气管插管的成年小鼠在 3.2%（1 MAC：最小肺泡浓度）七氟烷吸入条件下出现呼吸暂停和 6.5%（2 MAC）七氟烷吸入条件下出现七氟烷诱导的喘息时的呼吸模式和舌骨上肌（SHM）肌电图活动（EMGSH）的差异。我们发现，相位 EMGSH 仅在呼吸暂停和喘气时的吸气过程中获得，在喘气过程中，综合 EMGSH 在基线百分比（% 基线）上的增加幅度大于潮气量（VT）（中位数[四分位数间距]；综合 EMGSH：720 [425-1965] vs. VT：300 [238-38] ）。VT：300 [238-373]，PSH 在气流开始之前，同时保持钟形的 EMGSH 轮廓，这是呼吸暂停和喘息时上气道扩张肌 (UAD) 肌电图的特征。在呼吸暂停过程中从未观察到与呼吸相关的下颌骨剧烈运动，但在七氟醚诱导的喘息过程中，8 只小鼠中有 7 只观察到了下颌骨剧烈运动。我们的观察结果表明，SHMs 是一种优先激活的 UAD 肌肉，有助于下颌呼吸运动的发展。

{"title":"The activity of suprahyoid muscles during sevoflurane-induced gasping in mice","authors":"Saki Taiji, Takashi Nishino, Hisayo Jin, Mayumi Hashida, Shiroh Isono","doi":"10.1016/j.resp.2024.104355","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.resp.2024.104355","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sevoflurane-induced gasping in mice involves an enormous increase in inspiratory effort, mandibular movement, and a marked decrease in respiratory frequency (fR). We examined differences in breathing patterns and electromyogram activity (EMG<sub>SH</sub>) of the suprahyoid muscles (SHMs) during eupnea under 3.2 % (1 MAC: minimum alveolar concentration) sevoflurane inhalation and sevoflurane-induced gasping under 6.5 % (2 MAC) sevoflurane inhalation in eight spontaneously breathing, tracheally intubated, adult mice. We found that the phasic EMG<sub>SH</sub> is obtained only during inspiration in eupnea and gasping and that integrated EMG<sub>SH</sub> increases more, as a percent of baseline (% baseline) than tidal volume (V<sub>T</sub>) during gasping (median [interquartile range]; integrated EMG<sub>SH</sub>: 720 [425–1965] vs. V<sub>T</sub>: 300 [238–373], P < 0.05). We also found that the onset of EMG<sub>SH</sub> precedes the start of airflow while maintaining a bell-shaped EMG<sub>SH</sub> contour, which characterizes the EMG of upper airway dilator (UAD) muscles during eupnea and gasping. Vigorous respiratory-related mandibular movements were never observed during eupnea but were observed in seven of 8 mice during sevoflurane-induced gasping. Our observations indicate that SHMs act as a preferentially activating UAD muscle, contributing to the development of mandibular respiratory movements.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20961,"journal":{"name":"Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology","volume":"331 ","pages":"Article 104355"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142381515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Breathing pattern alteration from weanling to old age in male Sprague-Dawley rats 雄性 Sprague-Dawley 大鼠从断奶到老年呼吸模式的改变

IF 1.9 4区医学 Q3 PHYSIOLOGY

Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology

Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2024.104357

Mehdi Eslami-Behroozi, Payam Shahsavar, Reyhaneh Vali, Mohammad Reza Raoufy

Respiratory patterns were investigated in male Sprague-Dawley rats throughout their lifespan, from weanling (1 month) to old age (24 months), under natural conditions. Both inter-breath interval (IBI) and respiratory volume (RV) were examined. Sample entropy suggested increasing irregularity in IBI but decreasing irregularity in RV until 12 months. According to detrended fluctuation analysis, alpha exponent of the IBI showed a bimodal pattern around the value 0.7. From 1–15 months, the alpha exponent for RV generally decreased to the value 0.5, but it increased again as the animals neared the end of their lifespan. Cross-sample entropy revealed increasing synchronization between IBI and RV until 12 months, then plateauing. Many measures demonstrated a transition around 12 months, potentially reflecting maturation of respiratory control mechanisms. The findings characterize complex dynamics of respiratory patterns across the rat lifespan, providing a normative foundation to identify deviations indicative of dysfunction or disease.

在自然条件下，对雄性 Sprague-Dawley 大鼠从断奶（1 个月）到老年（24 个月）的整个生命周期的呼吸模式进行了研究。对呼吸间歇（IBI）和呼吸量（RV）进行了研究。样本熵表明，在 12 个月之前，IBI 的不规则性不断增加，而 RV 的不规则性则不断减少。根据去趋势波动分析，IBI 的α指数在 0.7 值附近呈现双峰模式。从1个月到15个月，RV的α指数普遍下降到0.5，但随着动物寿命接近尾声，α指数又再次上升。跨样本熵显示，在12个月之前，IBI和RV之间的同步性不断提高，然后趋于平稳。许多测量指标在 12 个月左右出现转变，这可能反映了呼吸控制机制的成熟。这些发现描述了大鼠整个生命周期呼吸模式的复杂动态，为识别表明功能障碍或疾病的偏差提供了规范基础。

引用次数: 0

Safety and effectiveness of acute intermittent hypoxia during a single treatment at different hypoxic severities 不同缺氧严重程度下单次急性间歇性缺氧治疗的安全性和有效性

IF 1.9 4区医学 Q3 PHYSIOLOGY

Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology

Pub Date : 2024-09-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2024.104358

Cory M. Smith, Owen F. Salmon

Purpose

Examine the cardiovascular, muscular function, cognitive, and neural plastic responses to determine the safety and effectiveness of acute Intermittent hypoxia (AIH) at a low, high, and control fractional inspired oxygen (FiO₂) dosage

Methods

Thirteen human participants performed 30-min of AIH in 60-s intervals at FiO2’s of 0.21 (AIH₂₁), 0.15 (AIH₁₅), and 0.09 (AIH₉). Heart rate variability (root mean squared of successive differences; RMSSD), heart rate, oxygen saturation (SpO2), blood pressure, muscular strength, neuromuscular activation, cerebral hemodynamic responses, cognition, symptomology, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) responses were measured before (Pre-AIH), after (post-AIH), and at 20-min of recovery (Recovery-AIH)

Results

There were no differences between AIH protocols for heart rate, RMSSD, blood pressure, or SpO2. Muscular strength improved Post-AIH for AIH₁₅ (10 %) and AIH₉ (14 %) and remained elevated (6 %) at Recovery-AIH. Neuromuscular activation increased Pre-AIH to Post-AIH for AIH15 (10 %) and AIH₉ (11 %). Cerebral hemodynamic responses were not impacted between conditions. Both AIH₁₅ and AIH9 increased BDNF Post-AIH (62 %) and Recovery-AIH (63 %)

Conclusion

Acute intermittent hypoxia is generally safe and effective at producing neural plastic responses, but further examination of co-occurring cardiovascular diseases is needed. This study provides safety focused findings which will widen the adoption and refinement of AIH protocols

目的：检查心血管、肌肉功能、认知和神经可塑性反应，以确定在低、高和控制分数吸入氧（FiO2）剂量下进行急性间歇性缺氧（AIH）的安全性和有效性方法：13 名人类参与者在 FiO2 为 0.21（AIH21）、0.15（AIH15）和 0.09（AIH9）的条件下，以 60 秒为间隔进行了 30 分钟的 AIH。测量了心率变异性（连续差值的均方根；RMSSD）、心率、血氧饱和度（SpO2）、血压、肌肉力量、神经肌肉活化、脑血流动力学反应、认知、症状和脑源性神经营养因子（BDNF）反应，分别在治疗前（Pre-AIH）、治疗后（post-AIH）和恢复 20 分钟后（Recovery-AIH）进行结果：不同的 AIH 方案在心率、RMSSD、血压或 SpO2 方面没有差异。AIH15（10%）和 AIH9（14%）在恢复-AIH 后的肌肉强度有所提高，但在恢复-AIH 时仍保持较高水平（6%）。AIH15（10%）和 AIH9（11%）的神经肌肉激活从恢复前增加到恢复后。不同条件下的脑血流动力学反应没有受到影响。AIH15和AIH9都能在AIH后（62%）和恢复期AIH（63%）增加BDNF 结论：急性间歇性缺氧在产生神经可塑性反应方面通常是安全有效的，但还需要进一步检查并发的心血管疾病。本研究提供了以安全性为重点的研究结果，这将扩大急性间歇缺氧方案的采用范围并使其更加完善。

{"title":"Safety and effectiveness of acute intermittent hypoxia during a single treatment at different hypoxic severities","authors":"Cory M. Smith, Owen F. Salmon","doi":"10.1016/j.resp.2024.104358","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.resp.2024.104358","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>Examine the cardiovascular, muscular function, cognitive, and neural plastic responses to determine the safety and effectiveness of acute Intermittent hypoxia (AIH) at a low, high, and control fractional inspired oxygen (FiO<sub>2</sub>) dosage</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Thirteen human participants performed 30-min of AIH in 60-s intervals at FiO2’s of 0.21 (AIH<sub>21</sub>), 0.15 (AIH<sub>15</sub>), and 0.09 (AIH<sub>9</sub>). Heart rate variability (root mean squared of successive differences; RMSSD), heart rate, oxygen saturation (SpO2), blood pressure, muscular strength, neuromuscular activation, cerebral hemodynamic responses, cognition, symptomology, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) responses were measured before (Pre-AIH), after (post-AIH), and at 20-min of recovery (Recovery-AIH)</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>There were no differences between AIH protocols for heart rate, RMSSD, blood pressure, or SpO2. Muscular strength improved Post-AIH for AIH<sub>15</sub> (10 %) and AIH<sub>9</sub> (14 %) and remained elevated (6 %) at Recovery-AIH. Neuromuscular activation increased Pre-AIH to Post-AIH for AIH15 (10 %) and AIH<sub>9</sub> (11 %). Cerebral hemodynamic responses were not impacted between conditions. Both AIH<sub>15</sub> and AIH9 increased BDNF Post-AIH (62 %) and Recovery-AIH (63 %)</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Acute intermittent hypoxia is generally safe and effective at producing neural plastic responses, but further examination of co-occurring cardiovascular diseases is needed. This study provides safety focused findings which will widen the adoption and refinement of AIH protocols</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20961,"journal":{"name":"Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology","volume":"331 ","pages":"Article 104358"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142352852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Ratings of perceived effort during expiratory pressure tasks in healthy adults 健康成年人在完成呼气压力任务时对感知努力程度的评分。

IF 1.9 4区医学 Q3 PHYSIOLOGY

Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology

Pub Date : 2024-09-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2024.104356

Avery E. Dakin , Michelle S. Troche

Purpose

Expiratory muscle strength training (EMST) is a resistance exercise used to improve maximal expiratory pressure and airway protective functions (cough and swallow) in clinical populations. Although ratings of perceived exertion/effort (RPE) are commonly used in exercise prescription and monitoring, they have been underutilized in EMST and require investigation. Our study aims were to: (1) examine how healthy adults rate their effort using the EMST-150 device and MicroRPM respiratory manometer; (2) assess variability in RPE; and (3) compare RPE and relative expiratory pressures obtained from the two devices.

Method

Healthy adults completed thirty randomized expiratory maneuvers into a respiratory manometer and an EMST-150 device. RPE was measured using the Borg Category Ratio Scale. Linear mixed multilevel models were used for Aim 1 and 3, and coefficient of variation was used for Aim 2.

Results

Twenty healthy adults (Median age: 24.5 years) participated. Results demonstrated a strong positive relationship between resistive load and perceived effort when using both devices. Intra-individual variability in perceived effort decreased as resistive load increased. Participants produced an average of 18.2 % lower expiratory pressure when blowing into the manometer (relative to their maximum) than when blowing into the EMST device.

Discussion

Our results support the utilization of RPE in EMST research and clinical practice. The addition of RPE as a measure of intensity during respiratory exercise prescription may be used in future research to help refine EMST protocols and improve rehabilitation outcomes.

目的：呼气肌力训练（EMST）是一种阻力运动，用于改善临床人群的最大呼气压力和气道保护功能（咳嗽和吞咽）。虽然在运动处方和监测中通常使用体力/努力值（RPE），但在呼气肌力训练中却未得到充分利用，因此需要对其进行研究。我们的研究目的是(1) 研究健康成年人如何使用 EMST-150 设备和 MicroRPM 呼吸压力计评价自己的努力程度；(2) 评估 RPE 的可变性；(3) 比较两种设备获得的 RPE 和相对呼气压力：方法：健康成年人使用呼吸压力计和 EMST-150 设备完成 30 次随机呼气操作。使用博格分类比率量表测量相对呼气压力。目标 1 和 3 采用线性混合多层次模型，目标 2 采用变异系数：20 名健康成年人（中位年龄：24.5 岁）参加了研究。结果表明，在使用两种设备时，阻力负荷与感知努力之间存在很强的正相关关系。随着阻力负荷的增加，感知用力的个体内变异性降低。参与者向压力计吹气时（相对于最大值）产生的呼气压力比向 EMST 设备吹气时平均低 18.2%：我们的研究结果支持在 EMST 研究和临床实践中使用 RPE。在呼吸运动处方中增加 RPE 作为强度测量方法可用于未来的研究，以帮助完善 EMST 方案并改善康复效果。

{"title":"Ratings of perceived effort during expiratory pressure tasks in healthy adults","authors":"Avery E. Dakin , Michelle S. Troche","doi":"10.1016/j.resp.2024.104356","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.resp.2024.104356","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>Expiratory muscle strength training (EMST) is a resistance exercise used to improve maximal expiratory pressure and airway protective functions (cough and swallow) in clinical populations. Although ratings of perceived exertion/effort (RPE) are commonly used in exercise prescription and monitoring, they have been underutilized in EMST and require investigation. Our study aims were to: (1) examine how healthy adults rate their effort using the EMST-150 device and MicroRPM respiratory manometer; (2) assess variability in RPE; and (3) compare RPE and relative expiratory pressures obtained from the two devices.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>Healthy adults completed thirty randomized expiratory maneuvers into a respiratory manometer and an EMST-150 device. RPE was measured using the Borg Category Ratio Scale. Linear mixed multilevel models were used for Aim 1 and 3, and coefficient of variation was used for Aim 2.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Twenty healthy adults (Median age: 24.5 years) participated. Results demonstrated a strong positive relationship between resistive load and perceived effort when using both devices. Intra-individual variability in perceived effort decreased as resistive load increased. Participants produced an average of 18.2 % lower expiratory pressure when blowing into the manometer (relative to their maximum) than when blowing into the EMST device.</div></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><div>Our results support the utilization of RPE in EMST research and clinical practice. The addition of RPE as a measure of intensity during respiratory exercise prescription may be used in future research to help refine EMST protocols and improve rehabilitation outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20961,"journal":{"name":"Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology","volume":"331 ","pages":"Article 104356"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142352853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Endomorphin-2 (Endo2) and substance P (SubP) co-application attenuates SubP-induced excitation and alters frequency plasticity in neonatal rat in vitro preparations 在新生大鼠体外制备中，内啡肽-2（Endo2）和P物质（SubP）联合应用可减轻SubP诱导的兴奋并改变频率可塑性。

IF 1.9 4区医学 Q3 PHYSIOLOGY

Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology

Pub Date : 2024-09-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2024.104351

Stephen M. Johnson, Sarah M. Johnson, Jyoti J. Watters, Tracy L. Baker

Substance P (SubP) and endomorphin-2 (Endo2) are co-localized presynaptically in vesicles of neurons adjacent to inspiratory rhythm-generating pre-Botzinger Complex (preBotC) neurons but the effects of co-released SubP and Endo2 on respiratory motor control are not known. To address this question, SubP alone or a combination of SubP and Endo2 (SubP/Endo2) were bath-applied in a sustained (15-min) or intermittent (5-min application, 5-min washout, x3) pattern at 10–100 nM to neonatal rat brainstem-spinal cord preparations. During neuropeptide application, SubP/Endo2 co-applications generally attenuated SubP-induced increases in burst frequency and decreases in burst amplitude. With respect to frequency plasticity (long-lasting increase in burst frequency 60 min post-neuropeptide application), SubP-induced frequency plasticity was increased with sustained SubP/Endo2 co-applications at 20 and 100 nM. Intermittent SubP/Endo2 co-applications tended to decrease the level of frequency plasticity induced by intermittent SubP alone applications. SubP/Endo2 co-applications revealed potentially new functions for neurokinin-1 (NK1R) and mu-opioid (MOR) receptors on respiratory rhythm-generating medullary neurons.

物质 P（SubP）和内吗啡肽-2（Endo2）共同定位在邻近吸气节律产生前博钦格复合体（preBotC）神经元的突触前囊泡中，但共同释放的 SubP 和 Endo2 对呼吸运动控制的影响尚不清楚。为了解决这个问题，我们在新生大鼠脑干脊髓制备物中以 10-100 nM 的剂量持续（15 分钟）或间歇（5 分钟施用，5 分钟冲洗，x3）沐浴施用 SubP 或 SubP 和 Endo2 的组合（SubP/Endo2）。在应用神经肽的过程中，SubP/Endo2 联合应用通常会减弱 SubP 引起的爆发频率增加和爆发振幅减小。关于频率可塑性（应用神经肽后 60 分钟爆发频率的持久增加），SubP/Endo2 在 20 和 100 nM 的浓度下持续联合应用会增加 SubP 诱导的频率可塑性。间歇施用 SubP/Endo2 有降低间歇单独施用 SubP 诱导的频率可塑性水平的趋势。SubP/Endo2联合应用揭示了神经激肽-1（NK1R）和μ-阿片（MOR）受体在呼吸节律生成延髓神经元上的潜在新功能。

{"title":"Endomorphin-2 (Endo2) and substance P (SubP) co-application attenuates SubP-induced excitation and alters frequency plasticity in neonatal rat in vitro preparations","authors":"Stephen M. Johnson, Sarah M. Johnson, Jyoti J. Watters, Tracy L. Baker","doi":"10.1016/j.resp.2024.104351","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.resp.2024.104351","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Substance P (SubP) and endomorphin-2 (Endo2) are co-localized presynaptically in vesicles of neurons adjacent to inspiratory rhythm-generating pre-Botzinger Complex (preBotC) neurons but the effects of co-released SubP and Endo2 on respiratory motor control are not known. To address this question, SubP alone or a combination of SubP and Endo2 (SubP/Endo2) were bath-applied in a sustained (15-min) or intermittent (5-min application, 5-min washout, x3) pattern at 10–100 nM to neonatal rat brainstem-spinal cord preparations. During neuropeptide application, SubP/Endo2 co-applications generally attenuated SubP-induced increases in burst frequency and decreases in burst amplitude. With respect to frequency plasticity (long-lasting increase in burst frequency 60 min post-neuropeptide application), SubP-induced frequency plasticity was increased with sustained SubP/Endo2 co-applications at 20 and 100 nM. Intermittent SubP/Endo2 co-applications tended to decrease the level of frequency plasticity induced by intermittent SubP alone applications. SubP/Endo2 co-applications revealed potentially new functions for neurokinin-1 (NK1R) and mu-opioid (MOR) receptors on respiratory rhythm-generating medullary neurons.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20961,"journal":{"name":"Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology","volume":"331 ","pages":"Article 104351"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142294047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The acute effect of respiratory muscle training on cortisol, testosterone, and testosterone-to-cortisol ratio in well-trained triathletes - exploratory study 呼吸肌训练对训练有素的铁人三项运动员的皮质醇、睾酮和睾酮-皮质醇比率的急性影响--探索性研究。

IF 1.9 4区医学 Q3 PHYSIOLOGY

Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology

Pub Date : 2024-09-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2024.104353

Tomasz Kowalski , Zbigniew Obmiński , Wojciech Waleriańczyk , Andrzej Klusiewicz

The study investigated acute changes in cortisol (C) and testosterone (T) associated with a popular RMT method, voluntary isocapnic hyperpnoea (VIH), in well-trained triathletes. 19 athletes (7 females, 12 males) performed a VIH training session with pre- and post- serum C and T measurements. Repeated measures ANOVA was employed to analyze hormone changes during VIH, with additional time-sex interaction. Pearson correlation coefficient has been computed to identify the relationship between hormonal changes and age, anthropometric indices, respiratory muscle strength, and training experience. There was a statistically significant effect for C changes (F = 13.101, p = 0.002, η_p² = 0.421, ω² = 0.08). The C concentration was significantly lower after VIH (Mean Difference = −32.49 ± 39.13 nmol*L⁻¹). No significant effects for T, T/C ratio, and time-sex interactions were observed (p > 0.05). Amongst many, significant correlations between the percentage of body fat and changes in C (r=-0.464, p=0.045), body mass and changes in T (r=0.516, p=0.024), height and changes in T (r=0.509, p=0.026) were found. VIH significantly lowered C concentration. No significant effects for T, T/C ratio, and no between-sex differences were observed. Noteworthy individual variability was observed in all the monitored indices. Significant correlations were found between acute hormone changes associated with VIH and selected anthropometric indices. The study provides initial insight into VIH’s role in athletes’ hormonal balance to possibly guide exercise prescription, autoregulation, arousal state management, and recovery practices in athletes.

该研究调查了皮质醇（C）和睾酮（T）的急性变化，这些变化与一种流行的 RMT 方法--自愿等压高呼吸（VIH）--有关，该方法适用于训练有素的铁人三项运动员。19 名运动员（7 名女性，12 名男性）进行了一次 VIH 训练，并在训练前后测量了血清 C 和 T。采用重复测量方差分析来分析 VIH 期间的激素变化，并增加了时间-性别交互作用。计算了皮尔逊相关系数，以确定激素变化与年龄、人体测量指数、呼吸肌力量和训练经验之间的关系。在统计学上，C 的变化有显著影响（F = 13.101，p = 0.002，ηp2 = 0.421，ω2 = 0.08）。VIH 后，C 浓度明显降低（平均差异 = -32.49 ± 39.13 nmol*L-1）。没有观察到 T、T/C 比和时间-性别交互作用的明显影响（p > 0.05）。在许多因素中，体脂百分比与 C 变化（r=-0.464，p=0.045）、体重与 T 变化（r=0.516，p=0.024）、身高与 T 变化（r=0.509，p=0.026）之间存在明显的相关性。VIH 明显降低了 C 浓度。对 T、T/C 比值没有明显影响，也没有观察到性别差异。在所有监测指标中都观察到了值得注意的个体差异。研究发现，与 VIH 相关的急性激素变化与选定的人体测量指标之间存在明显的相关性。这项研究初步揭示了 VIH 在运动员荷尔蒙平衡中的作用，从而为运动员的运动处方、自动调节、唤醒状态管理和恢复实践提供指导。

{"title":"The acute effect of respiratory muscle training on cortisol, testosterone, and testosterone-to-cortisol ratio in well-trained triathletes - exploratory study","authors":"Tomasz Kowalski , Zbigniew Obmiński , Wojciech Waleriańczyk , Andrzej Klusiewicz","doi":"10.1016/j.resp.2024.104353","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.resp.2024.104353","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The study investigated acute changes in cortisol (C) and testosterone (T) associated with a popular RMT method, voluntary isocapnic hyperpnoea (VIH), in well-trained triathletes. 19 athletes (7 females, 12 males) performed a VIH training session with pre- and post- serum C and T measurements. Repeated measures ANOVA was employed to analyze hormone changes during VIH, with additional time-sex interaction. Pearson correlation coefficient has been computed to identify the relationship between hormonal changes and age, anthropometric indices, respiratory muscle strength, and training experience. There was a statistically significant effect for C changes (F = 13.101, p = 0.002, η<sub>p</sub><sup>2</sup> = 0.421, ω<sup>2</sup> = 0.08). The C concentration was significantly lower after VIH (Mean Difference = −32.49 <em>± 39.13</em> nmol*L<sup>−1</sup>). No significant effects for T, T/C ratio, and time-sex interactions were observed (p > 0.05). Amongst many, significant correlations between the percentage of body fat and changes in C (r=-0.464, p=0.045), body mass and changes in T (r=0.516, p=0.024), height and changes in T (r=0.509, p=0.026) were found. VIH significantly lowered C concentration. No significant effects for T, T/C ratio, and no between-sex differences were observed. Noteworthy individual variability was observed in all the monitored indices. Significant correlations were found between acute hormone changes associated with VIH and selected anthropometric indices. The study provides initial insight into VIH’s role in athletes’ hormonal balance to possibly guide exercise prescription, autoregulation, arousal state management, and recovery practices in athletes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20961,"journal":{"name":"Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology","volume":"331 ","pages":"Article 104353"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1569904824001460/pdfft?md5=95f9e5352d854d42eb2f88ba588c5cf9&pid=1-s2.0-S1569904824001460-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142294049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Lateral hypothalamic astrocytes contribute to the hypercapnic chemoreflex in a light-dark cycle-dependent manner in unanesthetized rats 在未麻醉的大鼠体内，下丘脑外侧星形胶质细胞以光暗周期依赖的方式促进高碳酸血症化学反射。

IF 1.9 4区医学 Q3 PHYSIOLOGY

Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology

Pub Date : 2024-09-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2024.104352

Marcelo Rafanelli Rosatti , Luciane H. Gargaglioni , Mirela B. Dias

Brainstem astrocytes are important for CO₂^/H⁺ chemoreception. Lateral Hypothalamus/Perifornicial Area (LH/PFA) neurons have an excitatory effect on the ventilatory response to CO₂, however the role of the astrocytes is unknown. We hypothesized that LH/PFA astrocytes play an excitatory role in the hypercapnic ventilatory response in a sleep-wake and light-dark cycles-dependent manner. We manipulated the activity of astrocytes in the LH/PFA of male Wistar rats through microinjection of Fluorocitrate (Fct), which selectively affects astrocytes, inducing the exocytosis of gliotransmitters. We investigated the effects of intra-LH/PFA Fct microinjection on resting breathing and ventilatory responses to hypercapnia and hypoxia during wakefulness and NREM sleep, in the light and dark phases. Fct increased ventilation during hypercapnia but not during room air or hypoxia. The hypercapnic chemoreflex was increased exclusively during the dark-active phase during both, wakefulness and NREM sleep, indicating that LH/PFA astrocytes play an excitatory role in hypercapnic ventilatory response in a light-dark cycle-dependent manner.

脑干星形胶质细胞对 CO2/H+ 化学感受非常重要。下丘脑外侧/外周区（LH/PFA）神经元对二氧化碳通气反应有兴奋作用，但星形胶质细胞的作用尚不清楚。我们假设 LH/PFA 星形胶质细胞以睡眠-觉醒和光-暗周期依赖的方式在高碳酸血症通气反应中发挥兴奋作用。我们通过向雄性 Wistar 大鼠的 LH/PFA 显微注射氟柠檬酸盐（Fct）来操纵星形胶质细胞的活性。我们研究了 LH/PFA 内 Fct 显微注射对静息呼吸的影响，以及在清醒和 NREM 睡眠的明暗阶段对高碳酸血症和低氧血症的通气反应。Fct 能增加高碳酸血症时的通气量，但不能增加室内空气或低氧时的通气量。在清醒和 NREM 睡眠期间，高碳酸血症化学反射只在黑暗活跃期增加，这表明 LH/PFA 星形胶质细胞在高碳酸血症通气反应中以光暗周期依赖的方式发挥兴奋作用。

{"title":"Lateral hypothalamic astrocytes contribute to the hypercapnic chemoreflex in a light-dark cycle-dependent manner in unanesthetized rats","authors":"Marcelo Rafanelli Rosatti , Luciane H. Gargaglioni , Mirela B. Dias","doi":"10.1016/j.resp.2024.104352","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.resp.2024.104352","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Brainstem astrocytes are important for CO<sub>2</sub><sup>/</sup>H<sup>+</sup> chemoreception. Lateral Hypothalamus/Perifornicial Area (LH/PFA) neurons have an excitatory effect on the ventilatory response to CO<sub>2</sub>, however the role of the astrocytes is unknown. We hypothesized that LH/PFA astrocytes play an excitatory role in the hypercapnic ventilatory response in a sleep-wake and light-dark cycles-dependent manner. We manipulated the activity of astrocytes in the LH/PFA of male Wistar rats through microinjection of Fluorocitrate (Fct), which selectively affects astrocytes, inducing the exocytosis of gliotransmitters. We investigated the effects of intra-LH/PFA Fct microinjection on resting breathing and ventilatory responses to hypercapnia and hypoxia during wakefulness and NREM sleep, in the light and dark phases. Fct increased ventilation during hypercapnia but not during room air or hypoxia. The hypercapnic chemoreflex was increased exclusively during the dark-active phase during both, wakefulness and NREM sleep, indicating that LH/PFA astrocytes play an excitatory role in hypercapnic ventilatory response in a light-dark cycle-dependent manner.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20961,"journal":{"name":"Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology","volume":"331 ","pages":"Article 104352"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142294048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

IF 1.9 4区医学 Q3 PHYSIOLOGY

Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology

Pub Date : 2024-09-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2024.104349

Enver Ahmet Demir, Okan Gonder

Ticagrelor, a P2Y₁₂ receptor antagonist, has been demonstrated to induce dyspnea, which is not associated with cardiac or pulmonary alterations, or metabolic disturbances. The attribution of ticagrelor-related dyspnea to excess adenosine has been widely proposed, yet is not supported by experimental data. In this paper, we put forth a novel hypothesis that the hyperactivity of the retrotrapezoid nucleus, a group of ventral medullary neurons involved in respiratory modulation, is the underlying cause of ticagrelor-related dyspnea. This hypothesis offers a theoretical resolution to the discrepancies and controversies present in previous theories.

P2Y12 受体拮抗剂替卡格雷已被证实可诱发呼吸困难，但与心肺功能改变或代谢紊乱无关。人们普遍认为，与替卡格雷相关的呼吸困难是由于过量腺苷引起的，但这一观点并未得到实验数据的支持。在本文中，我们提出了一个新的假设，即参与呼吸调节的腹侧延髓神经元组--后蛛网膜核的过度活跃是导致替卡格雷相关性呼吸困难的根本原因。这一假说从理论上解决了以往理论中存在的差异和争议。

引用次数: 0

4-Hydroxychalcone attenuates ovalbumin-induced allergic airway inflammation and oxidative stress by activating Nrf2/GPx4 pathway 4-羟基查尔酮通过激活Nrf2/GPx4通路减轻卵清蛋白诱导的过敏性气道炎症和氧化应激反应

IF 1.9 4区医学 Q3 PHYSIOLOGY

Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology

Pub Date : 2024-09-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2024.104348

Islam Ahmed Abdelmawgood , Mohamed A. Kotb , Hassan Samy Hassan , Abeer Mahmoud Badr , Noha A. Mahana , Ayman Saber Mohamed , Marina Lotfy Khalaf , Nouran Khalid Mostafa , Basant Ehab Diab , Nada Nasser Ahmed , Zeinab Abdeltawab Alamudddin , Laila Alhoussin Soliman , Mariam Khaled Fahim , Asmaa Elsayed Abdelkader

Asthma is a lung condition characterized by impaired respiratory function and an apparent infiltration of inflammatory cells. Chalcones are substances that have attracted considerable interest in the disciplines of pharmaceutical chemistry and drug discovery due to their diverse biochemical processes, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antibacterial, and others, but whether they can be used in asthma treatment has yet to be investigated. This study aimed to investigate the immunomodulatory effect of 4 hydroxychalcone (4-HC) against allergic asthma in mice. In this research, we investigated how 4-HC affected asthmatic behavior, leukocyte infiltration, histopathological alterations, oxidative stress, immunoglobulin E (IgE) production, and airway inflammation. Moreover, ELISA and immunohistochemistry (IHC) were used to measure the expression of Nrf2 and GPx4. 4-HC treatment significantly decreased lung oxidative stress, inflammatory cell infiltration, and IgE levels. According to our findings, we imply that 4-HC may be utilized as an anti-asthmatic agent through the upregulation of Nrf2/GPx4 signaling pathway.

哮喘是一种以呼吸功能受损和炎症细胞明显浸润为特征的肺部疾病。查耳酮是一种物质，因其具有抗氧化、抗炎、抗癌、抗菌等多种生化作用，在药物化学和药物发现领域引起了广泛关注，但其能否用于哮喘治疗还有待研究。本研究旨在探讨 4-羟基查尔酮（4-HC）对小鼠过敏性哮喘的免疫调节作用。在这项研究中，我们调查了 4-HC 如何影响小鼠的哮喘行为、白细胞浸润、组织病理学改变、氧化应激、免疫球蛋白 E（IgE）产生和气道炎症。此外，研究人员还使用酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）和免疫组织化学（IHC）方法测量了Nrf2和GPx4的表达。4-HC治疗可明显降低肺氧化应激、炎症细胞浸润和IgE水平。根据我们的研究结果，我们认为4-HC可通过上调Nrf2/GPx4信号通路作为一种抗哮喘药物。

{"title":"4-Hydroxychalcone attenuates ovalbumin-induced allergic airway inflammation and oxidative stress by activating Nrf2/GPx4 pathway","authors":"Islam Ahmed Abdelmawgood , Mohamed A. Kotb , Hassan Samy Hassan , Abeer Mahmoud Badr , Noha A. Mahana , Ayman Saber Mohamed , Marina Lotfy Khalaf , Nouran Khalid Mostafa , Basant Ehab Diab , Nada Nasser Ahmed , Zeinab Abdeltawab Alamudddin , Laila Alhoussin Soliman , Mariam Khaled Fahim , Asmaa Elsayed Abdelkader","doi":"10.1016/j.resp.2024.104348","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.resp.2024.104348","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Asthma is a lung condition characterized by impaired respiratory function and an apparent infiltration of inflammatory cells. Chalcones are substances that have attracted considerable interest in the disciplines of pharmaceutical chemistry and drug discovery due to their diverse biochemical processes, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antibacterial, and others, but whether they can be used in asthma treatment has yet to be investigated. This study aimed to investigate the immunomodulatory effect of 4 hydroxychalcone (4-HC) against allergic asthma in mice. In this research, we investigated how 4-HC affected asthmatic behavior, leukocyte infiltration, histopathological alterations, oxidative stress, immunoglobulin E (IgE) production, and airway inflammation. Moreover, ELISA and immunohistochemistry (IHC) were used to measure the expression of Nrf2 and GPx4. 4-HC treatment significantly decreased lung oxidative stress, inflammatory cell infiltration, and IgE levels. According to our findings, we imply that 4-HC may be utilized as an anti-asthmatic agent through the upregulation of Nrf2/GPx4 signaling pathway.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20961,"journal":{"name":"Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology","volume":"331 ","pages":"Article 104348"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142228804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Experimental and numerical investigation of pressure distribution in human upper airway passage before and after maxillary sinus surgery 上颌窦手术前后人体上气道压力分布的实验和数值研究

IF 1.9 4区医学 Q3 PHYSIOLOGY

Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology

Pub Date : 2024-09-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2024.104347

Mehrab Abbasi , Hossein Amjadimanesh , Sasan Sadrizadeh , Omid Abouali

Sinusitis, a common disease of the maxillary sinus, is initially managed with saline solution and medication, resulting in the resolution of symptoms within a few days in most cases. However, Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgeries are recommended if pharmacological treatments prove ineffective. This research aims to investigate the effects of maxillary sinus surgery on the airflow field, pressure distribution within the nasal cavity, and overall ventilation. This study utilized a three-dimensional realistic nasal cavity model constructed from CT images of a healthy adult. Virtual surgery including uncinectomy with Middle Meatal Antrostomy, two standard procedures performed during such surgeries, was performed on the model under the supervision of a clinical specialist. Two replicas representing pre- and post-operative cases were created using 3D printing for experimental purposes. Various breathing rates ranging from 3.8 to 42.6 L/min were examined through experimental and numerical simulations. To ensure the accuracy of the numerical simulations, the results were compared to measured pressure data, showing a reasonable agreement between the two. The findings demonstrate that uncinectomy and Middle Meatal Antrostomy significantly enhance the ventilation of the maxillary sinuses. Furthermore, increasing inspiratory rates leads to further improvements in ventilation. The static pressure distribution within the maxillary sinuses remains relatively uniform, except in regions close to the sinus ostium, even after surgical intervention.

鼻窦炎是上颌窦的一种常见疾病，最初可采用生理盐水和药物治疗，大多数病例可在几天内缓解症状。然而，如果药物治疗无效，则建议进行功能性内窥镜鼻窦手术。本研究旨在探讨上颌窦手术对气流场、鼻腔内压力分布和整体通气的影响。这项研究利用健康成年人的 CT 图像构建了一个三维真实鼻腔模型。在临床专家的指导下，在该模型上进行了虚拟手术，包括蝶窦切除术和中鼻孔造口术，这是在此类手术中进行的两个标准程序。出于实验目的，使用 3D 打印技术制作了代表术前和术后病例的两个复制品。通过实验和数值模拟研究了 3.8 至 42.6 升/分钟的各种呼吸频率。为确保数值模拟的准确性，将结果与测量的压力数据进行了比较，结果显示两者之间存在合理的一致性。研究结果表明，开颅骨切除术和中颌前突切除术可显著增强上颌窦的通气功能。此外，增加吸气率还能进一步改善通气状况。上颌窦内的静压分布相对均匀，但靠近窦骨的区域除外，即使在手术干预后也是如此。

{"title":"Experimental and numerical investigation of pressure distribution in human upper airway passage before and after maxillary sinus surgery","authors":"Mehrab Abbasi , Hossein Amjadimanesh , Sasan Sadrizadeh , Omid Abouali","doi":"10.1016/j.resp.2024.104347","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.resp.2024.104347","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Sinusitis, a common disease of the maxillary sinus, is initially managed with saline solution and medication, resulting in the resolution of symptoms within a few days in most cases. However, Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgeries are recommended if pharmacological treatments prove ineffective. This research aims to investigate the effects of maxillary sinus surgery on the airflow field, pressure distribution within the nasal cavity, and overall ventilation. This study utilized a three-dimensional realistic nasal cavity model constructed from CT images of a healthy adult. Virtual surgery including uncinectomy with Middle Meatal Antrostomy, two standard procedures performed during such surgeries, was performed on the model under the supervision of a clinical specialist. Two replicas representing pre- and post-operative cases were created using 3D printing for experimental purposes. Various breathing rates ranging from 3.8 to 42.6 L/min were examined through experimental and numerical simulations. To ensure the accuracy of the numerical simulations, the results were compared to measured pressure data, showing a reasonable agreement between the two. The findings demonstrate that uncinectomy and Middle Meatal Antrostomy significantly enhance the ventilation of the maxillary sinuses. Furthermore, increasing inspiratory rates leads to further improvements in ventilation. The static pressure distribution within the maxillary sinuses remains relatively uniform, except in regions close to the sinus ostium, even after surgical intervention.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20961,"journal":{"name":"Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology","volume":"331 ","pages":"Article 104347"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142238364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0