Pub Date : 2018-10-05DOI: 10.24321/2454.8642.201810
K. Patiri
Introduction: The term pancytopenia refers to a reduction in all three formed elements of blood-erythrocytes, leucocytes and platelets. It is not a disease entity, but rather a triad of findings that may result from a number of disease processes. The causes of pancytopenia vary depending on multiple factors. This prospective study was conducted to find out various causes of pancytopenia and their relative frequencies in a tertiary care hospital in northern India. Methods: In the present study, 60 cases were taken up for a period of 2 years at a tertiary care hospital in Northern India. The study was composed of a brief work up of history, general and systemic examination and complete hematological work up. All the data was compiled and a final diagnosis was made. Results: The age of the patients varied from 6 months to 70 years consisting of 34 males (57%) and 26 females (43%). Megaloblastic anemia was the most common cause (66.7%) followed by aplastic anemia (19%) and malignancies (6.7%). Infections and parasitic infestations accounted for the rest. Conclusion: In our study, more than 50% of the cases are due to megaloblastic anemia prevalent due to dietary deficiency & malnutrition. Also, infections and infestations (Tuberculosis, malaria, kalaazar and typhoid) should be kept in mind as a differential diagnosis of pancytopenia.
{"title":"Clinicopathological Spectrum of Pancytopenia in Tertiary Care Centre in Northern India","authors":"K. Patiri","doi":"10.24321/2454.8642.201810","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24321/2454.8642.201810","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The term pancytopenia refers to a reduction in all three formed elements of blood-erythrocytes, leucocytes and platelets. It is not a disease entity, but rather a triad of findings that may result from a number of disease processes. The causes of pancytopenia vary depending on multiple factors. This prospective study was conducted to find out various causes of pancytopenia and their relative frequencies in a tertiary care hospital in northern India. Methods: In the present study, 60 cases were taken up for a period of 2 years at a tertiary care hospital in Northern India. The study was composed of a brief work up of history, general and systemic examination and complete hematological work up. All the data was compiled and a final diagnosis was made. Results: The age of the patients varied from 6 months to 70 years consisting of 34 males (57%) and 26 females (43%). Megaloblastic anemia was the most common cause (66.7%) followed by aplastic anemia (19%) and malignancies (6.7%). Infections and parasitic infestations accounted for the rest. Conclusion: In our study, more than 50% of the cases are due to megaloblastic anemia prevalent due to dietary deficiency & malnutrition. Also, infections and infestations (Tuberculosis, malaria, kalaazar and typhoid) should be kept in mind as a differential diagnosis of pancytopenia.","PeriodicalId":20962,"journal":{"name":"Recent Advances in Pathology & Laboratory Medicine","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86972835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-10-05DOI: 10.24321/2454.8642.201811
Stefania Erra
Osteoma Cutis is a rarely seen benign disease. Osteoma cutis (OC) is an abnormal development of bone within tegumentary tissue. OC is a benign and asymptomatic lesion, characterized by presence of ectopic osseous lamellae with osteoblastic cells in dermis and hypodermis. The case described in this report regards a healthy 57-years-old man with a neoformation on left abdominal wall, without pathologic anamnestic history.
{"title":"Osteoma Cutis: Report of a Case and Literature Review","authors":"Stefania Erra","doi":"10.24321/2454.8642.201811","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24321/2454.8642.201811","url":null,"abstract":"Osteoma Cutis is a rarely seen benign disease. Osteoma cutis (OC) is an abnormal development of bone within tegumentary tissue. OC is a benign and asymptomatic lesion, characterized by presence of ectopic osseous lamellae with osteoblastic cells in dermis and hypodermis. The case described in this report regards a healthy 57-years-old man with a neoformation on left abdominal wall, without pathologic anamnestic history.","PeriodicalId":20962,"journal":{"name":"Recent Advances in Pathology & Laboratory Medicine","volume":"35 14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83790931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-08-06DOI: 10.24321/2454.8642.201805
Annu Nanda
Results: Out of 4092 biopsies received during a three year period, 158 biopsies were from the head and neck area. The age range was 4-86 years. Maximum number of cases were seen in the age group of 4160 years. The male female ratio was 2.5:1.89 cases were benign, 6 were borderline, 4 inconclusive and 59 were malignant. Commonest malignancy was squamous cell carcinoma of oral cavity and commonest benign lesion was epidermoid cyst.
{"title":"Histomorphological Spectrum of Head and Neck Lesions: A Three Year Retrospective Analysis","authors":"Annu Nanda","doi":"10.24321/2454.8642.201805","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24321/2454.8642.201805","url":null,"abstract":"Results: Out of 4092 biopsies received during a three year period, 158 biopsies were from the head and neck area. The age range was 4-86 years. Maximum number of cases were seen in the age group of 4160 years. The male female ratio was 2.5:1.89 cases were benign, 6 were borderline, 4 inconclusive and 59 were malignant. Commonest malignancy was squamous cell carcinoma of oral cavity and commonest benign lesion was epidermoid cyst.","PeriodicalId":20962,"journal":{"name":"Recent Advances in Pathology & Laboratory Medicine","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81021063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-08-06DOI: 10.24321/2454.8642.201807
Arti Khatri
Majority gall bladder carcinomas are conventional adenocarcinomas of pancreatobiliary type. Mucinous carcinomas in gall bladder constitutes 2.5% of all gallbladder carcinomas. Pure mucinous (colloid carcinomas) are even rarer. Its rarity deserves this case being highlighted. Less than twenty-five cases of mucinous carcinomas of the gallbladder have been reported so far. A 46-year-old female presented with recurrent right upper quadrant pain along with nausea and vomiting for last one year. Liver function tests & kidney function tests were within range. USG Abdomen revealed an enlarged gallbladder measuring 8x5 cm with no stones. No other abnormalities were found on USG. A simple cholecystectomy was performed for chronic cholecystitis. Gross examination of specimen showed glistening, globular, soft and cystic gall bladder filled with mucoid tenacious yellowish material. There was no discernible mass lesion. Microscopic examination revealed pools of extracellular mucinous material dissecting muscular wall containing few signet ring cells. A diagnosis of colloid or pure mucinous adenocarcinoma of the gallbladder was made. Pure mucinous carcinomas as seen in exocrine glands like breast, pancreas and skin are very uncommon in gall bladder. Mucinous variant (>50% stromal mucin) are most of the time admixed with conventional type. Mucinous carcinomas most of the time are large and advanced at the time of diagnosis and are aggressive in nature than conventional type. This case is presented owing to its extreme rarity.
{"title":"Colloid Carcinoma of Gallbladder - Incidental Finding of a Rare Entity","authors":"Arti Khatri","doi":"10.24321/2454.8642.201807","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24321/2454.8642.201807","url":null,"abstract":"Majority gall bladder carcinomas are conventional adenocarcinomas of pancreatobiliary type. Mucinous carcinomas in gall bladder constitutes 2.5% of all gallbladder carcinomas. Pure mucinous (colloid carcinomas) are even rarer. Its rarity deserves this case being highlighted. Less than twenty-five cases of mucinous carcinomas of the gallbladder have been reported so far. A 46-year-old female presented with recurrent right upper quadrant pain along with nausea and vomiting for last one year. Liver function tests & kidney function tests were within range. USG Abdomen revealed an enlarged gallbladder measuring 8x5 cm with no stones. No other abnormalities were found on USG. A simple cholecystectomy was performed for chronic cholecystitis. Gross examination of specimen showed glistening, globular, soft and cystic gall bladder filled with mucoid tenacious yellowish material. There was no discernible mass lesion. Microscopic examination revealed pools of extracellular mucinous material dissecting muscular wall containing few signet ring cells. A diagnosis of colloid or pure mucinous adenocarcinoma of the gallbladder was made. Pure mucinous carcinomas as seen in exocrine glands like breast, pancreas and skin are very uncommon in gall bladder. Mucinous variant (>50% stromal mucin) are most of the time admixed with conventional type. Mucinous carcinomas most of the time are large and advanced at the time of diagnosis and are aggressive in nature than conventional type. This case is presented owing to its extreme rarity.","PeriodicalId":20962,"journal":{"name":"Recent Advances in Pathology & Laboratory Medicine","volume":"6 2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76888287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-08-06DOI: 10.24321/2454.8642.201806
R. Ahirwar
Background: In India, cervical cancer is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality which is preventable and can be diagnosed at the pre-malignant stage. Cervical Papanicolaou smear examination is an effective procedure to detect premalignant, malignant and various benign lesions of cervix. Materials and Methods: This study was done to find out the pattern of cervical lesions diagnosed in Pap smear in tertiary care center. Retrospective data of 967 cases were collected from pathology department for the duration of 12 months, from March 2016 to March 2017 and filled in a pre-designed proforma. Results and Conclusion: The maximum 473 (48.91%) cases were diagnosed as negative for Intraepithelial Lesion or Malignancy (NILM), 185 (19.13%) as bacterial vaginosis, 24 (2.48%) cases as Trichomoniasis, 14 (1.45%) as Candida infection, 6 (0.62%) cases were diagnosed as Low-Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion (LSIL) and 3 (0.31%) cases were diagnosed as High-Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion (HSIL). This study reiterates the importance of Pap smear as screening tool and incidence of various lesions as categorized by Bethesda System (TBS).
{"title":"Spectrum of Cervical Pap Smear in a Tertiary Care Center","authors":"R. Ahirwar","doi":"10.24321/2454.8642.201806","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24321/2454.8642.201806","url":null,"abstract":"Background: In India, cervical cancer is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality which is preventable and can be diagnosed at the pre-malignant stage. Cervical Papanicolaou smear examination is an effective procedure to detect premalignant, malignant and various benign lesions of cervix. Materials and Methods: This study was done to find out the pattern of cervical lesions diagnosed in Pap smear in tertiary care center. Retrospective data of 967 cases were collected from pathology department for the duration of 12 months, from March 2016 to March 2017 and filled in a pre-designed proforma. Results and Conclusion: The maximum 473 (48.91%) cases were diagnosed as negative for Intraepithelial Lesion or Malignancy (NILM), 185 (19.13%) as bacterial vaginosis, 24 (2.48%) cases as Trichomoniasis, 14 (1.45%) as Candida infection, 6 (0.62%) cases were diagnosed as Low-Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion (LSIL) and 3 (0.31%) cases were diagnosed as High-Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion (HSIL). This study reiterates the importance of Pap smear as screening tool and incidence of various lesions as categorized by Bethesda System (TBS).","PeriodicalId":20962,"journal":{"name":"Recent Advances in Pathology & Laboratory Medicine","volume":"94 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76326721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-08-06DOI: 10.24321/2454.8642.201808
Arti Khatri
Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a rare monoclonal disorder of dendritic cells originating from bone marrow. We are reporting two cases of isolated involvement of ocular region both of which clinically appeared as soft tissue tumour. A young girl of two and half years presented with swelling of left eyelid. Microscopic examination of biopsy showed collections of round cells which were large having abundant cytoplasm and centrally placed nuclei. Plenty of eosinophils were seen in the background. The final diagnosis of LCH involving eyelid was given after histopathological examination. Second case report is of three-year-old girl presented to ophthalmology outpatient department with the complaints of painless progressive swelling of lateral aspect of left orbital wall for four months which were rapidly increasing in size for the past two months. Fine-needle aspiration (FNA) of both swellings was done and finding was suggestive of LCH. The final diagnosis of LCH was given on histopathological examination of biopsy tissue from both the swellings. Ocular region involvement by Langerhans cell histiocytosis is a very rare presentation.
{"title":"Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis of Ocular Region: A Report of Two Cases","authors":"Arti Khatri","doi":"10.24321/2454.8642.201808","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24321/2454.8642.201808","url":null,"abstract":"Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a rare monoclonal disorder of dendritic cells originating from bone marrow. We are reporting two cases of isolated involvement of ocular region both of which clinically appeared as soft tissue tumour. A young girl of two and half years presented with swelling of left eyelid. Microscopic examination of biopsy showed collections of round cells which were large having abundant cytoplasm and centrally placed nuclei. Plenty of eosinophils were seen in the background. The final diagnosis of LCH involving eyelid was given after histopathological examination. Second case report is of three-year-old girl presented to ophthalmology outpatient department with the complaints of painless progressive swelling of lateral aspect of left orbital wall for four months which were rapidly increasing in size for the past two months. Fine-needle aspiration (FNA) of both swellings was done and finding was suggestive of LCH. The final diagnosis of LCH was given on histopathological examination of biopsy tissue from both the swellings. Ocular region involvement by Langerhans cell histiocytosis is a very rare presentation.","PeriodicalId":20962,"journal":{"name":"Recent Advances in Pathology & Laboratory Medicine","volume":"91 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77497024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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