Pub Date : 2022-10-31DOI: 10.7844/kirr.2022.31.5.20
Tae Young Kim, H. Park, Y. Song, U. Lee
In this study, the applicability of microalgae was evaluated for eco-friendly decontamination of cesium-137 (Cs-137) and strontium-90 (Sr-90), which are radioactive nuclides contained in radioactive waste. The monolithic radioactive solution used in the experiment was manufactured at a concentration of 1.5 Bq/mL Cs-137 and 1.0 Bq/mL Sr-90 by diluting a standard radioactive solution and distilled water. This experiment used two types of microalgae, Chlorella Vulgaris was used for Sr-90 decontamination and Hematococcus pluvialis for Cs-137 decontamination. The experimental method is to put the microalgae cultured for 2 weeks into a bottle with a semi-permeable membrane, and then put the bottle in which the microalgae was put into the manufactured radioactive solution, so that the microalgae and the radioactive solution react through the semi-permeable membrane for 48 hours. For the radioactivity concentration analysis of each sample, a gamma-ray nuclide analyzer was used for Cs-137, a γ-ray isotope, and a Liquid Scintillation Count(LSC) was used for Sr-90, a β-ray isotope. As a result of the experiment, it was confirmed that about 88.0 % of Cs-137 and about 89.7 % of Sr-90 could be decontaminated, and about 98.6 % of Sr-90 was finally able to be decontaminated by the two-stage decontamination method.
{"title":"A Study on the Decontamination of Cs-137 and Sr-90 Contained in the Liquid Radioactive Waste Discharged from the Spent Fuel Storage Tank Using Microalgae","authors":"Tae Young Kim, H. Park, Y. Song, U. Lee","doi":"10.7844/kirr.2022.31.5.20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7844/kirr.2022.31.5.20","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, the applicability of microalgae was evaluated for eco-friendly decontamination of cesium-137 (Cs-137) and strontium-90 (Sr-90), which are radioactive nuclides contained in radioactive waste. The monolithic radioactive solution used in the experiment was manufactured at a concentration of 1.5 Bq/mL Cs-137 and 1.0 Bq/mL Sr-90 by diluting a standard radioactive solution and distilled water. This experiment used two types of microalgae, Chlorella Vulgaris was used for Sr-90 decontamination and Hematococcus pluvialis for Cs-137 decontamination. The experimental method is to put the microalgae cultured for 2 weeks into a bottle with a semi-permeable membrane, and then put the bottle in which the microalgae was put into the manufactured radioactive solution, so that the microalgae and the radioactive solution react through the semi-permeable membrane for 48 hours. For the radioactivity concentration analysis of each sample, a gamma-ray nuclide analyzer was used for Cs-137, a γ-ray isotope, and a Liquid Scintillation Count(LSC) was used for Sr-90, a β-ray isotope. As a result of the experiment, it was confirmed that about 88.0 % of Cs-137 and about 89.7 % of Sr-90 could be decontaminated, and about 98.6 % of Sr-90 was finally able to be decontaminated by the two-stage decontamination method.","PeriodicalId":20967,"journal":{"name":"Resources Recycling","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82480248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-31DOI: 10.7844/kirr.2022.31.5.26
Thi Nhan Hau Nguyen, Thi Thu Huong Nguyen, Man-Seung Lee
Molybdenum is widely used in many materials; thus, its recovery from ores and secondary resources has attracted considerable attention. In this study, the leaching of molybdenite ore using hydrochloric acid containing sodium chlorate as an oxidizing agent was studied. The effects of several variables, such as the concentrations of HCl and NaClO 3 , reaction temperature and time, and pulp density, on the leaching of the ore were investigated. Under strong acidic and oxidizing conditions, the sulfide in the ore was dissolved as a sulfate ion, which formed gypsum with Ca(II), leading to a decrease in the leaching percentage of Mo(VI) from the ore. The leaching percentage of molybdenum was greater than 90%, while those of iron, calcium, and silicon were 38, 29, and 67%, respectively, under the optimum conditions: 2.0 M HCl, 0.5 M NaClO 3 , pulp density of 5 g/L, temperature of 90 °C, and treatment time of 60 min.
钼广泛应用于许多材料中;因此，从矿石和二次资源中回收它已经引起了相当大的关注。研究了用含氯酸钠的盐酸作为氧化剂浸出辉钼矿的工艺。考察了盐酸、氯化钠浓度、反应温度、反应时间、矿浆密度等因素对矿石浸出率的影响。在强酸性和氧化条件下,矿石中的硫化硫酸离子溶解,形成石膏与Ca (II),导致减少浸出钼的百分比(VI)从矿石浸出钼的比例大于90%,而铁、钙和硅是38岁,29岁,和67%,分别在最优条件下:HCl 2.0米,0.5米NaClO 3,纸浆密度5 g / L, 90°C的温度,处理时间为60分钟。
{"title":"Leaching of Molybdenite by Hydrochloric Acid Solution Containing Sodium Chlorate","authors":"Thi Nhan Hau Nguyen, Thi Thu Huong Nguyen, Man-Seung Lee","doi":"10.7844/kirr.2022.31.5.26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7844/kirr.2022.31.5.26","url":null,"abstract":"Molybdenum is widely used in many materials; thus, its recovery from ores and secondary resources has attracted considerable attention. In this study, the leaching of molybdenite ore using hydrochloric acid containing sodium chlorate as an oxidizing agent was studied. The effects of several variables, such as the concentrations of HCl and NaClO 3 , reaction temperature and time, and pulp density, on the leaching of the ore were investigated. Under strong acidic and oxidizing conditions, the sulfide in the ore was dissolved as a sulfate ion, which formed gypsum with Ca(II), leading to a decrease in the leaching percentage of Mo(VI) from the ore. The leaching percentage of molybdenum was greater than 90%, while those of iron, calcium, and silicon were 38, 29, and 67%, respectively, under the optimum conditions: 2.0 M HCl, 0.5 M NaClO 3 , pulp density of 5 g/L, temperature of 90 °C, and treatment time of 60 min.","PeriodicalId":20967,"journal":{"name":"Resources Recycling","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78502431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-31DOI: 10.7844/kirr.2022.31.5.59
S. C. Park, Yong Hwan Kim, Man-Seung Lee, S. Son
To investigate the rate-determining step of nickel, cobalt and copper electrowinning, experiments were conducted by varying the electrolyte temperature and agitation speed using a rotating disc electrode. Analyzing the rate-determining step by calculating the activation energy in the electrowinning process, it was found that nickel electrowinning is controlled by a mixed mechanism (partly by chemical reaction and partly by mass transport), cobalt is controlled by chemical reaction, and copper is controlled by mass transfer. Electrowinning of nickel, cobalt and copper was performed by varying the electrolyte temperature and agitation speed, and the comparison of the current efficiencies was used the determine the rate-determining step.
{"title":"A Study on the Electrochemical Kinetics of Electrowinning Process of Valuable Metals Recovered from Lithium-ion Batteries","authors":"S. C. Park, Yong Hwan Kim, Man-Seung Lee, S. Son","doi":"10.7844/kirr.2022.31.5.59","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7844/kirr.2022.31.5.59","url":null,"abstract":"To investigate the rate-determining step of nickel, cobalt and copper electrowinning, experiments were conducted by varying the electrolyte temperature and agitation speed using a rotating disc electrode. Analyzing the rate-determining step by calculating the activation energy in the electrowinning process, it was found that nickel electrowinning is controlled by a mixed mechanism (partly by chemical reaction and partly by mass transport), cobalt is controlled by chemical reaction, and copper is controlled by mass transfer. Electrowinning of nickel, cobalt and copper was performed by varying the electrolyte temperature and agitation speed, and the comparison of the current efficiencies was used the determine the rate-determining step.","PeriodicalId":20967,"journal":{"name":"Resources Recycling","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78124448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Silicon carbide powder was prepared from carbon black and silicon recovered from waste solar panels. In the solar power generation market, the number of crystalline silicon modules exceeds 90%. As the expiration date of a photovoltaic module arrives, the development of technology for recovering and utilizing silicon is very important from an environmental and economic point of view. In this study, silicon was recovered as silicon carbide from waste solar panels: 99.99% silicon powder was recovered through purification from a 95.74% purity waste silicon wafer. To examine the synthesis characteristics of SiC powder, purified 99.99% silicon powder and carbon powder were mixed and heat-treated (1,300, 1,400 and 1,500 °C) in an Ar atmosphere. The characteristics of silicon and silicon carbide powders were analyzed using particle size distribution analyzer, XRD, SEM, ICP, FT-IR, and Raman analysis.
{"title":"Synthesis of Silicon Carbide Powder Using Recovered Silicon from Solar Waste Silicon Wafer","authors":"Yoonjoo Lee, Oh-Kyu Kwon, Ju-Hyeong Sun, Geun-Yong Jang, Joon-Chul Choi, W. Kwon","doi":"10.7844/kirr.2022.31.5.52","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7844/kirr.2022.31.5.52","url":null,"abstract":"Silicon carbide powder was prepared from carbon black and silicon recovered from waste solar panels. In the solar power generation market, the number of crystalline silicon modules exceeds 90%. As the expiration date of a photovoltaic module arrives, the development of technology for recovering and utilizing silicon is very important from an environmental and economic point of view. In this study, silicon was recovered as silicon carbide from waste solar panels: 99.99% silicon powder was recovered through purification from a 95.74% purity waste silicon wafer. To examine the synthesis characteristics of SiC powder, purified 99.99% silicon powder and carbon powder were mixed and heat-treated (1,300, 1,400 and 1,500 °C) in an Ar atmosphere. The characteristics of silicon and silicon carbide powders were analyzed using particle size distribution analyzer, XRD, SEM, ICP, FT-IR, and Raman analysis.","PeriodicalId":20967,"journal":{"name":"Resources Recycling","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87345077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-31DOI: 10.7844/kirr.2022.31.5.42
Yongjae Kim, Jong-Hoe Kim, D. Moon
Aggregate resources in Korea are expected to run out owing to an increase in development demand and construction investment. Recycled concrete aggregates (RCA), extracted from waste concrete, have a lower quality than natural aggregates. However, RCA can produce concrete similar in quality to the normal concrete by aggregate pretreatment, use of admixtures, and quality control. RCA are most suitable for use in precast concrete products such as sidewalk blocks and revetment blocks. Herein, the feasibility of producing revetment blocks using recycled aggregate concrete (RAC), similar in quality to normal concrete, was analyzed. The amount of RCA was varied, and moderate high early strength cement and steam curing were used to produce the concrete test blocks. In the block test, the load resistance characteristics of the blocks were evaluated to determine optimal RAC and glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) rebar compositions. Thus, the variable that reduced the cement content was determined at the same level as that of natural aggregate concrete by the control of steam curing. In the concrete block test, although this depends on the reinforcement ratio, the RAC block exhibited the same or better performance than a normal concrete block. Therefore, the low quality of RCA in RAC is no longer a problem when concrete mixing and curing are controlled and appropriate reinforcement is used.
{"title":"A Fundamental Study on the Load Resistance Characteristics of Revetment Concrete Block with Recycled Concrete Aggregate and GFRP Rebar","authors":"Yongjae Kim, Jong-Hoe Kim, D. Moon","doi":"10.7844/kirr.2022.31.5.42","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7844/kirr.2022.31.5.42","url":null,"abstract":"Aggregate resources in Korea are expected to run out owing to an increase in development demand and construction investment. Recycled concrete aggregates (RCA), extracted from waste concrete, have a lower quality than natural aggregates. However, RCA can produce concrete similar in quality to the normal concrete by aggregate pretreatment, use of admixtures, and quality control. RCA are most suitable for use in precast concrete products such as sidewalk blocks and revetment blocks. Herein, the feasibility of producing revetment blocks using recycled aggregate concrete (RAC), similar in quality to normal concrete, was analyzed. The amount of RCA was varied, and moderate high early strength cement and steam curing were used to produce the concrete test blocks. In the block test, the load resistance characteristics of the blocks were evaluated to determine optimal RAC and glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) rebar compositions. Thus, the variable that reduced the cement content was determined at the same level as that of natural aggregate concrete by the control of steam curing. In the concrete block test, although this depends on the reinforcement ratio, the RAC block exhibited the same or better performance than a normal concrete block. Therefore, the low quality of RCA in RAC is no longer a problem when concrete mixing and curing are controlled and appropriate reinforcement is used.","PeriodicalId":20967,"journal":{"name":"Resources Recycling","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80354114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-31DOI: 10.7844/kirr.2022.31.5.67
Jong-Hyo Lee, Hong-Yoon Kang, Y. Hwang, H. Hwang
The furniture industry has a high possibility to create value-added and a high potential to create new occupations due to the characteristics of the industry, which mainly consists of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). However, the used furniture, which has sufficient reuse value, is also crushed and used as solid refuse fuel (SRF) recently. Besides, the number of 104 million won which is 3.11 times more than the average income of a single-worker household in Korea and its B/C ratio was estimated about 30 which means high business feasibility. Revenue through furniture remanufacturing also showed 320 times higher than that of SRF production from the perspective of weight. In addition, it is shown that the GHGs reduction from the furniture remanufacturing is 2.2 ton CO 2 -eq. per year, which is similar to the amount of GHGs absorption effect of 937 pine trees or 622 Korean oak trees annually. Thus the results of this study demonstrate that it is important to adopt an appropriate recycling method considering the economic and environmental effects at the end-of-life stage.
{"title":"Analysis of Economic and Environmental Effects of Remanufactured Furniture Through Case Studies","authors":"Jong-Hyo Lee, Hong-Yoon Kang, Y. Hwang, H. Hwang","doi":"10.7844/kirr.2022.31.5.67","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7844/kirr.2022.31.5.67","url":null,"abstract":"The furniture industry has a high possibility to create value-added and a high potential to create new occupations due to the characteristics of the industry, which mainly consists of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). However, the used furniture, which has sufficient reuse value, is also crushed and used as solid refuse fuel (SRF) recently. Besides, the number of 104 million won which is 3.11 times more than the average income of a single-worker household in Korea and its B/C ratio was estimated about 30 which means high business feasibility. Revenue through furniture remanufacturing also showed 320 times higher than that of SRF production from the perspective of weight. In addition, it is shown that the GHGs reduction from the furniture remanufacturing is 2.2 ton CO 2 -eq. per year, which is similar to the amount of GHGs absorption effect of 937 pine trees or 622 Korean oak trees annually. Thus the results of this study demonstrate that it is important to adopt an appropriate recycling method considering the economic and environmental effects at the end-of-life stage.","PeriodicalId":20967,"journal":{"name":"Resources Recycling","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83260063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-31DOI: 10.7844/kirr.2022.31.5.34
Thi Thu Huong Nguyen, Man-Seung Lee
Smelting reduction of spent lithium-ion batteries results in metallic alloys, slag, and dust containing Li(I). Precipitation of Li 2 CO 3 was performed using the synthetic leachate of the dust. Herein, the effects of the precipitant and addition of non-aqueous solvents on the precipitation of Li(I) were investigated. Na 2 CO 3 was a more effective precipitating agent than (NH 4 ) 2 CO 3 owing to the hydrolysis reaction of dissolved ammonium and carbonate. The addition of acetone or ethanol improved the Li(I) precipitation percentage for both the precipitants. When using (NH 4 ) 2 CO 3 , the Li(I) precipitation percentage increased at a solution pH of 12. Under the same conditions, the Li(I) precipitation percentage using Na 2 CO 3 was much higher than that using (NH 4 ) 2 CO 3 .
废锂离子电池的熔炼还原产生含Li(I)的金属合金、炉渣和粉尘。利用粉尘的合成渗滤液对Li 2 CO 3进行了沉淀。本文研究了沉淀剂和非水溶剂的加入对Li(I)沉淀的影响。na2co3是一种比(nh4) 2co3更有效的沉淀剂，因为溶解的铵与碳酸盐发生了水解反应。丙酮或乙醇的加入提高了两种沉淀剂的Li(I)析出率。当使用(nh4) 2co3时，溶液pH为12时，Li(I)的析出率增加。在相同条件下，na2co3的Li(I)析出率远高于(nh4) 2co3。
{"title":"Comparison of Li(I) Precipitation from the Leaching Solution of the Dust from Spent Lithium-ion Batteries Treatment between Sodium Carbonate and Ammonium Carbonate","authors":"Thi Thu Huong Nguyen, Man-Seung Lee","doi":"10.7844/kirr.2022.31.5.34","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7844/kirr.2022.31.5.34","url":null,"abstract":"Smelting reduction of spent lithium-ion batteries results in metallic alloys, slag, and dust containing Li(I). Precipitation of Li 2 CO 3 was performed using the synthetic leachate of the dust. Herein, the effects of the precipitant and addition of non-aqueous solvents on the precipitation of Li(I) were investigated. Na 2 CO 3 was a more effective precipitating agent than (NH 4 ) 2 CO 3 owing to the hydrolysis reaction of dissolved ammonium and carbonate. The addition of acetone or ethanol improved the Li(I) precipitation percentage for both the precipitants. When using (NH 4 ) 2 CO 3 , the Li(I) precipitation percentage increased at a solution pH of 12. Under the same conditions, the Li(I) precipitation percentage using Na 2 CO 3 was much higher than that using (NH 4 ) 2 CO 3 .","PeriodicalId":20967,"journal":{"name":"Resources Recycling","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87730658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-31DOI: 10.7844/kirr.2022.31.5.3
Yeon-Chul Cho, Ki-Hun Kim, Jae-Woo Ahn
Electro-membrane technology is a process for separating and purifying substances in aqueous solution by electric energy using an ion exchange membrane with selective permeability, such as electrodialysis (ED) and bipolar electrodialysis (BMED). Electro-membrane technology is attracting attention as an environmental friendly technology because it does not generate by-products during the process and the recovered base or acid can be reused during the process. In this paper, we investigate the principles of ED and BMED technologies and various characteristics and problems according to the cell configuration. In particular, by investigating and analyzing research cases related to the treatment of waste sodium sulfate (Na 2 SO 4 ), which is generated in large amounts during the metal recovery process.
{"title":"Application of Electro-membrane for Regeneration of NaOH and H2SO4 from the Spent Na2SO4 Solutions in Metal Recovery Process","authors":"Yeon-Chul Cho, Ki-Hun Kim, Jae-Woo Ahn","doi":"10.7844/kirr.2022.31.5.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7844/kirr.2022.31.5.3","url":null,"abstract":"Electro-membrane technology is a process for separating and purifying substances in aqueous solution by electric energy using an ion exchange membrane with selective permeability, such as electrodialysis (ED) and bipolar electrodialysis (BMED). Electro-membrane technology is attracting attention as an environmental friendly technology because it does not generate by-products during the process and the recovered base or acid can be reused during the process. In this paper, we investigate the principles of ED and BMED technologies and various characteristics and problems according to the cell configuration. In particular, by investigating and analyzing research cases related to the treatment of waste sodium sulfate (Na 2 SO 4 ), which is generated in large amounts during the metal recovery process.","PeriodicalId":20967,"journal":{"name":"Resources Recycling","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76809167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-31DOI: 10.7844/kirr.2022.31.4.40
Hee-Seon Kim, Dae-Weon Kim, Dae-Hwan Jang, Boram Kim, Yun Jin, B. Chae, Sangwook Lee
In waste lithium iron phosphate (LFP) batteries, the cathode material contains approximately 4% lithium. Recycling the constituent elements of batteries is important for resource circulation and for mitigating the environmental pollution. Li contained in the waste LFP cathode powder was selectively leached using persulfate-based oxidizing agents, such as sodium persulfate, potassium persulfate, and ammonium persulfate. Leaching efficiency and waste LFP powder properties were compared and analyzed. Pulp density was used as a variable during leaching, which was performed for 3 h under each condition. The leaching efficiency was calculated using the inductively coupled plasma (ICP) analysis of the leachate. All types of persulfate-based oxidizing agents used in this study showed a Li leaching efficiency over 92%. In particular, when leaching was performed using (NH 4 ) 2 S 2 O 8 , the highest Li leaching percentage of 93.3% was observed, under the conditions of 50 g/L pulp density and an oxidizing agent concentration of 1.1 molar ratio.
{"title":"A Study on the Leaching Effect and Selective Recovery of Lithium Element by Persulfate-based Oxidizing Agents from Waste LiFePO4 Cathode","authors":"Hee-Seon Kim, Dae-Weon Kim, Dae-Hwan Jang, Boram Kim, Yun Jin, B. Chae, Sangwook Lee","doi":"10.7844/kirr.2022.31.4.40","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7844/kirr.2022.31.4.40","url":null,"abstract":"In waste lithium iron phosphate (LFP) batteries, the cathode material contains approximately 4% lithium. Recycling the constituent elements of batteries is important for resource circulation and for mitigating the environmental pollution. Li contained in the waste LFP cathode powder was selectively leached using persulfate-based oxidizing agents, such as sodium persulfate, potassium persulfate, and ammonium persulfate. Leaching efficiency and waste LFP powder properties were compared and analyzed. Pulp density was used as a variable during leaching, which was performed for 3 h under each condition. The leaching efficiency was calculated using the inductively coupled plasma (ICP) analysis of the leachate. All types of persulfate-based oxidizing agents used in this study showed a Li leaching efficiency over 92%. In particular, when leaching was performed using (NH 4 ) 2 S 2 O 8 , the highest Li leaching percentage of 93.3% was observed, under the conditions of 50 g/L pulp density and an oxidizing agent concentration of 1.1 molar ratio.","PeriodicalId":20967,"journal":{"name":"Resources Recycling","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75378309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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