Pub Date : 2023-03-16eCollection Date: 2023-01-01DOI: 10.3897/BDJ.11.e96101
Edrielly C Carvalho, Maria Eduarda Maldaner, Vinicius Costa-Silva, Heivanice Sehn, Carol Franquini, Vinicius O Campos, Vinicius P Seba, Laís F Maia, Fernando Z Vaz-de-Mello, Filipe Machado França
Background: The Amazon Forest is one of the world's most biodiverse ecosystems and yet its protected areas are understudied concerning insects and other invertebrates. These organisms are essential for tropical forests due to their ecological processes, with some species being very sensitive to habitat disturbances. Dung beetles (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Scarabaeinae) have been used as bioindicators for more than 30 years and were surveyed to assess the insect biodiversity of two sustainable-use forest reserves in the Brazilian Amazon.
New information: We report inventories of dung beetles from two Amazonian forest reserves in Pará State, Brazil: the Tapajós National Forest and the Carajás National Forest. Surveys were carried out with baited-pitfall traps installed in 2010, 2016, 2017 and 2019. We collected a total of 3,772 individuals from 19 genera and 96 species. We highlight the importance of Amazonian protected areas as refugia for insect biodiversity, particularly dung beetles, which contribute to many key ecosystem processes.
{"title":"Dung beetles from two sustainable-use protected forests in the Brazilian Amazon.","authors":"Edrielly C Carvalho, Maria Eduarda Maldaner, Vinicius Costa-Silva, Heivanice Sehn, Carol Franquini, Vinicius O Campos, Vinicius P Seba, Laís F Maia, Fernando Z Vaz-de-Mello, Filipe Machado França","doi":"10.3897/BDJ.11.e96101","DOIUrl":"10.3897/BDJ.11.e96101","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The Amazon Forest is one of the world's most biodiverse ecosystems and yet its protected areas are understudied concerning insects and other invertebrates. These organisms are essential for tropical forests due to their ecological processes, with some species being very sensitive to habitat disturbances. Dung beetles (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Scarabaeinae) have been used as bioindicators for more than 30 years and were surveyed to assess the insect biodiversity of two sustainable-use forest reserves in the Brazilian Amazon.</p><p><strong>New information: </strong>We report inventories of dung beetles from two Amazonian forest reserves in Pará State, Brazil: the Tapajós National Forest and the Carajás National Forest. Surveys were carried out with baited-pitfall traps installed in 2010, 2016, 2017 and 2019. We collected a total of 3,772 individuals from 19 genera and 96 species. We highlight the importance of Amazonian protected areas as refugia for insect biodiversity, particularly dung beetles, which contribute to many key ecosystem processes.</p>","PeriodicalId":21049,"journal":{"name":"Review & Expositor","volume":"99 1","pages":"e96101"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10848333/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86846835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-02eCollection Date: 2023-02-01DOI: 10.1097/PG9.0000000000000269
Thomas Middleton, Ian Sugarman
Objectives and study: Patients with familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) have a propensity to form not only large bowel polyps but also upper gastrointestinal (GI) polyps with malignant potential. International guidance suggests that upper GI screening need not begin until patients are at least into their twenties. It is our experience that patients develop upper GI polyps long before this point which have the potential for malignant change.
Methods: A prospective record of all upper GI endoscopies in children (aged 9 to 17) with FAP was kept across a 12-year period by 1 surgeon in our center. For each scope performed, we recorded the location, histology, and treatment of upper GI polyps.
Results: Twent-eight patients aged 9 to 17 underwent a total of 48 esophagogastroduodenoscopies across a 12-year period. Thirty-eight esophagogastroduodenoscopies (79%) identified at least 1 gastric or duodenal polyp in 22 (79%) patients; 10 (36%) patients had gastric adenomas. Eight (29%) patients showed very high numbers of polyps. All 21 patients who had duodenal polyps had adenomas. None had yet developed malignancy, but 1 patient required extensive polyp excision and one is awaiting endoscopic mucosal resection.
Conclusion: Our results demonstrate that young people with FAP are at the risk of developing upper GI polyps long before current guidance suggests screening the upper GI tract. We advocate for screening of the upper GI tract to start along with colonoscopy and happen at the same sitting for pediatric and young adult patients with FAP.
{"title":"Upper Gastrointestinal Screening of Polyp Load in Children With Familial Adenomatous Polyposis: Is It Required?","authors":"Thomas Middleton, Ian Sugarman","doi":"10.1097/PG9.0000000000000269","DOIUrl":"10.1097/PG9.0000000000000269","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives and study: </strong>Patients with familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) have a propensity to form not only large bowel polyps but also upper gastrointestinal (GI) polyps with malignant potential. International guidance suggests that upper GI screening need not begin until patients are at least into their twenties. It is our experience that patients develop upper GI polyps long before this point which have the potential for malignant change.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A prospective record of all upper GI endoscopies in children (aged 9 to 17) with FAP was kept across a 12-year period by 1 surgeon in our center. For each scope performed, we recorded the location, histology, and treatment of upper GI polyps.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Twent-eight patients aged 9 to 17 underwent a total of 48 esophagogastroduodenoscopies across a 12-year period. Thirty-eight esophagogastroduodenoscopies (79%) identified at least 1 gastric or duodenal polyp in 22 (79%) patients; 10 (36%) patients had gastric adenomas. Eight (29%) patients showed very high numbers of polyps. All 21 patients who had duodenal polyps had adenomas. None had yet developed malignancy, but 1 patient required extensive polyp excision and one is awaiting endoscopic mucosal resection.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our results demonstrate that young people with FAP are at the risk of developing upper GI polyps long before current guidance suggests screening the upper GI tract. We advocate for screening of the upper GI tract to start along with colonoscopy and happen at the same sitting for pediatric and young adult patients with FAP.</p>","PeriodicalId":21049,"journal":{"name":"Review & Expositor","volume":"26 1","pages":"e269"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10754608/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87290937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-01DOI: 10.1177/00346373231171782b
David M. May
Scriptures in what he says and does, advocating obedience to the law. The eschatology in Matthew is in line with Jewish apocalyptic, in which the righteous are rewarded and the disobedient will be punished. Culpepper offers a synthesis in which he argues that Matthew’s Gospel was first heard in Antioch (“before the parting of the ways,” [p. 547]) within a specific context, one of Jewish Christians who are called to observe the law and to take this gospel to the nations. The commentary follows the standard format of the New Testament Library series. In each section of the text, Culpepper provides a translation of the Greek text, including footnotes explaining text-critical and linguistic/grammatical decisions, followed by an overview of the section in question. Finally, a detailed analysis of the sub-sections within the text is provided. Culpepper’s analysis of each section focuses on Matthew’s redaction of Mark and the literary connections found within the First Gospel. Culpepper also views the text of the Gospel through the lens of ancient, predominantly Jewish, sources, comparing Matthew to Josephus, the rabbis, the Dead Sea Scrolls, Ben Sira, 1 Enoch, and 4 Ezra. Non-Jewish Greco-Roman sources are less frequently noted. Finally, Culpepper sometimes offers a modern theological understanding of a particular section of text; for example, regarding 22:37, Jesus’s statement of the greatest commandment, Culpepper suggests, “The qualifier ‘as yourself’ requires us to ask how we love ourselves and how we can love others in this way” (p. 433). He goes on to cite Barth, arguing that loving one’s neighbor actually restricts love of self. Culpepper understands the author’s presentation of Jesus’s death to be “a moment of cosmic significance” (p. 567), a sacrifice in continuity with the law for the salvation of Israel, also serving as a new temple in view of the temple’s destruction in 70 C.E. Through Jesus’s crucifixion, death’s power is made ineffective. This commentary is highly recommended for anyone engaging the Gospel of Matthew, including those in academic as well as ecclesial settings. Culpepper sets the stage for the exegesis in the introduction and ably leads the reader to a plausible understanding of Matthew in its original, late-firstcentury context. Throughout the commentary, he emphasizes that the author is encouraging Jesus's followers in the author’s day to observe the law, but not in a legalistic sense. Humanity’s sins are forgiven through Jesus’s sacrificial death; observing the law is the disciple’s response to this event.
{"title":"Jeffrey D. Meyers, The Nonviolent Apocalypse: Revelation’s Nonviolent Resistance against Rome","authors":"David M. May","doi":"10.1177/00346373231171782b","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00346373231171782b","url":null,"abstract":"Scriptures in what he says and does, advocating obedience to the law. The eschatology in Matthew is in line with Jewish apocalyptic, in which the righteous are rewarded and the disobedient will be punished. Culpepper offers a synthesis in which he argues that Matthew’s Gospel was first heard in Antioch (“before the parting of the ways,” [p. 547]) within a specific context, one of Jewish Christians who are called to observe the law and to take this gospel to the nations. The commentary follows the standard format of the New Testament Library series. In each section of the text, Culpepper provides a translation of the Greek text, including footnotes explaining text-critical and linguistic/grammatical decisions, followed by an overview of the section in question. Finally, a detailed analysis of the sub-sections within the text is provided. Culpepper’s analysis of each section focuses on Matthew’s redaction of Mark and the literary connections found within the First Gospel. Culpepper also views the text of the Gospel through the lens of ancient, predominantly Jewish, sources, comparing Matthew to Josephus, the rabbis, the Dead Sea Scrolls, Ben Sira, 1 Enoch, and 4 Ezra. Non-Jewish Greco-Roman sources are less frequently noted. Finally, Culpepper sometimes offers a modern theological understanding of a particular section of text; for example, regarding 22:37, Jesus’s statement of the greatest commandment, Culpepper suggests, “The qualifier ‘as yourself’ requires us to ask how we love ourselves and how we can love others in this way” (p. 433). He goes on to cite Barth, arguing that loving one’s neighbor actually restricts love of self. Culpepper understands the author’s presentation of Jesus’s death to be “a moment of cosmic significance” (p. 567), a sacrifice in continuity with the law for the salvation of Israel, also serving as a new temple in view of the temple’s destruction in 70 C.E. Through Jesus’s crucifixion, death’s power is made ineffective. This commentary is highly recommended for anyone engaging the Gospel of Matthew, including those in academic as well as ecclesial settings. Culpepper sets the stage for the exegesis in the introduction and ably leads the reader to a plausible understanding of Matthew in its original, late-firstcentury context. Throughout the commentary, he emphasizes that the author is encouraging Jesus's followers in the author’s day to observe the law, but not in a legalistic sense. Humanity’s sins are forgiven through Jesus’s sacrificial death; observing the law is the disciple’s response to this event.","PeriodicalId":21049,"journal":{"name":"Review & Expositor","volume":"119 1","pages":"453 - 454"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48055532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-01DOI: 10.1177/00346373231171782h
Nathan Hays
(2019). There, McNall offers a full-length noncontrastive approach to the work of Christ which orders traditionally opposed models of atonement into the image of a working human body. Accessible in content yet challenging in purpose, Perhaps makes for a great reading option in undergraduate courses teaching critical thinking or theological method. The practice of “perhaps” must be adopted in a healthy form for many young Christians to thrive in a world which has never been so certain that nothing is certain.
{"title":"Justin L. Barrett with Pamela Ebstyne King, Thriving with Stone Age Minds: Evolutionary Psychology, Christian Faith, and the Quest for Human Flourishing","authors":"Nathan Hays","doi":"10.1177/00346373231171782h","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00346373231171782h","url":null,"abstract":"(2019). There, McNall offers a full-length noncontrastive approach to the work of Christ which orders traditionally opposed models of atonement into the image of a working human body. Accessible in content yet challenging in purpose, Perhaps makes for a great reading option in undergraduate courses teaching critical thinking or theological method. The practice of “perhaps” must be adopted in a healthy form for many young Christians to thrive in a world which has never been so certain that nothing is certain.","PeriodicalId":21049,"journal":{"name":"Review & Expositor","volume":"119 1","pages":"463 - 465"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48349150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-01DOI: 10.1177/00346373231175828
A. Aiken-Morgan
The Genesis 16 narrative is a story about power afforded to individuals based on social status and identity. As such, modern readings of Gen 16 (and Gen 21) unsurprisingly informed the genesis of womanist theology. In her seminal text, Sisters in the Wilderness: The Challenge of Womanist God-Talk, Delores Williams offers a theological perspective centering the social and historical experiences of Black women in biblical and theological interpretation by examining Hagar’s story. This article takes a fresh look at Gen 16:1–15 by examining the influence of social status and identity in a struggle for matriarchal power between Hagar and Sarai. It does this by understanding the sociocultural context of the ancient Near East, as well as English translation choices that serve as barriers to interpretation for a modern audience. Modern Bible readers draw parallels between this text and modern struggles against oppressive power systems and are reminded of God’s sovereignty and action in favor of the oppressed.
{"title":"The influence of social status and identity in a struggle for matriarchal power: Genesis 16:1–15","authors":"A. Aiken-Morgan","doi":"10.1177/00346373231175828","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00346373231175828","url":null,"abstract":"The Genesis 16 narrative is a story about power afforded to individuals based on social status and identity. As such, modern readings of Gen 16 (and Gen 21) unsurprisingly informed the genesis of womanist theology. In her seminal text, Sisters in the Wilderness: The Challenge of Womanist God-Talk, Delores Williams offers a theological perspective centering the social and historical experiences of Black women in biblical and theological interpretation by examining Hagar’s story. This article takes a fresh look at Gen 16:1–15 by examining the influence of social status and identity in a struggle for matriarchal power between Hagar and Sarai. It does this by understanding the sociocultural context of the ancient Near East, as well as English translation choices that serve as barriers to interpretation for a modern audience. Modern Bible readers draw parallels between this text and modern struggles against oppressive power systems and are reminded of God’s sovereignty and action in favor of the oppressed.","PeriodicalId":21049,"journal":{"name":"Review & Expositor","volume":"119 1","pages":"389 - 397"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"65144969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-01DOI: 10.1177/00346373231173718
Jillian Engelhardt
The story of John the Baptist’s execution in Mark 6:14–29 has intrigued artists and biblical interpreters alike. The daughter’s dance, Herodias’s grudge, and Herod’s impulsive oath have proven to be fertile ground to speculate on internal motivations and private conversations absent from the Markan account. The daughter has been blamed for John’s death because her erotic dancing tricked Herod into making his promise. Herodias gets blamed for orchestrating the events of the banquet that lead to John’s death. Herod gets blamed for losing control of himself and making an oath without considering the implications. This article reconsiders this scene with attention to the function of the dinner guests who legitimate Herod’s authority, thereby implicating them as much as anyone else in John’s death. Furthermore, John’s execution is compared with the commutation of Julius Jones’s death sentence in Oklahoma in 2021 to highlight the role of the public in determining the exertion of power.
{"title":"Performing power in the public court of reputation: Capital punishment, John the Baptist, and Julius Jones","authors":"Jillian Engelhardt","doi":"10.1177/00346373231173718","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00346373231173718","url":null,"abstract":"The story of John the Baptist’s execution in Mark 6:14–29 has intrigued artists and biblical interpreters alike. The daughter’s dance, Herodias’s grudge, and Herod’s impulsive oath have proven to be fertile ground to speculate on internal motivations and private conversations absent from the Markan account. The daughter has been blamed for John’s death because her erotic dancing tricked Herod into making his promise. Herodias gets blamed for orchestrating the events of the banquet that lead to John’s death. Herod gets blamed for losing control of himself and making an oath without considering the implications. This article reconsiders this scene with attention to the function of the dinner guests who legitimate Herod’s authority, thereby implicating them as much as anyone else in John’s death. Furthermore, John’s execution is compared with the commutation of Julius Jones’s death sentence in Oklahoma in 2021 to highlight the role of the public in determining the exertion of power.","PeriodicalId":21049,"journal":{"name":"Review & Expositor","volume":"119 1","pages":"303 - 314"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41806926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-01DOI: 10.1177/00346373231171782c
James R. McConnell
{"title":"Gabriele Boccaccini, Paul’s Three Paths to Salvation","authors":"James R. McConnell","doi":"10.1177/00346373231171782c","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00346373231171782c","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21049,"journal":{"name":"Review & Expositor","volume":"119 1","pages":"455 - 456"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46931756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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