Pub Date : 2022-05-01DOI: 10.1177/00346373221136219
Hannah Giunta-Stibb, Joshua Stibb
The COVID-19 pandemic created unprecedented challenges for children and families. While most of the public debate surrounding the pandemic naturally focused on mainstream concerns, vulnerable groups, including children, with unique concerns were pushed to the periphery. The fact that COVID-19 continues to impact these vulnerable groups gives Christians an opportunity to right past wrongs. In this article, we first describe the biblical priority Jesus gives to children as members of God’s kingdom by exploring Mark 10:13–16. We then highlight specific ways in which the consequences of public responses to COVID-19 disproportionately burdened children. Finally, we present two case studies through which we reimagine how Christians can respond to the collateral impacts of COVID-19 on children in a more biblically faithful manner.
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Pub Date : 2022-05-01DOI: 10.1177/00346373221133718
F. J. White
As the COVID-19 pandemic initially unfolded in early 2020, medical systems were rapidly overwhelmed with critically ill patients. Intensive care resources were strained and, in some cases, insufficient. Concepts of triage and allocation of life-saving resources, once only hypothetical, were called into action. Vulnerable elderly, chronically ill, and disabled patients found themselves subject to protocols and guidelines that singled them out for disparate access to treatments. In this article, I overview the historical background of the early COVID-19 crisis, frontline triage guidelines in Italy and New York City, the conceptual nature of triage, the problematic practice of reallocation, the ethical principles that were challenged, how Judeo-Christian teachings inform these issues, and conflicts of physician duties with attendant moral distress. I close with a set of normative guideline statements that could help define a path through the extreme scarcities of a catastrophic pandemic crisis surge.
{"title":"Unto the least of these: Caring for the vulnerable in the time of COVID","authors":"F. J. White","doi":"10.1177/00346373221133718","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00346373221133718","url":null,"abstract":"As the COVID-19 pandemic initially unfolded in early 2020, medical systems were rapidly overwhelmed with critically ill patients. Intensive care resources were strained and, in some cases, insufficient. Concepts of triage and allocation of life-saving resources, once only hypothetical, were called into action. Vulnerable elderly, chronically ill, and disabled patients found themselves subject to protocols and guidelines that singled them out for disparate access to treatments. In this article, I overview the historical background of the early COVID-19 crisis, frontline triage guidelines in Italy and New York City, the conceptual nature of triage, the problematic practice of reallocation, the ethical principles that were challenged, how Judeo-Christian teachings inform these issues, and conflicts of physician duties with attendant moral distress. I close with a set of normative guideline statements that could help define a path through the extreme scarcities of a catastrophic pandemic crisis surge.","PeriodicalId":21049,"journal":{"name":"Review & Expositor","volume":"119 1","pages":"50 - 63"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48672478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-01DOI: 10.1177/00346373221129172
Jacquelyn Harootunian-Cutts, Samuel Deters
The COVID-19 pandemic has led to burdensome moral distress for health care professionals in the United States. Despite being initially hailed as “heroes” by the American public, health care professionals have encountered unique barriers to healing in the context of the devastating pandemic. Unfortunately, the health care system was ill-equipped to deal with the dramatic surge in moral distress caused by the pandemic. The church, and faith-based health care systems, can play a crucial role for hearing the lament of morally distressed health care professionals and attending to them as a community toward moral reintegration. We suggest that the Psalms offer an entry point both for those who need to express their lament of moral distress and those who accompany health care professionals in seeking structural changes, advocating for needed resources for patient care, and attaining the important goal of spiritual healing.
{"title":"Psalm body help us: Hearing the lament of health care professionals","authors":"Jacquelyn Harootunian-Cutts, Samuel Deters","doi":"10.1177/00346373221129172","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00346373221129172","url":null,"abstract":"The COVID-19 pandemic has led to burdensome moral distress for health care professionals in the United States. Despite being initially hailed as “heroes” by the American public, health care professionals have encountered unique barriers to healing in the context of the devastating pandemic. Unfortunately, the health care system was ill-equipped to deal with the dramatic surge in moral distress caused by the pandemic. The church, and faith-based health care systems, can play a crucial role for hearing the lament of morally distressed health care professionals and attending to them as a community toward moral reintegration. We suggest that the Psalms offer an entry point both for those who need to express their lament of moral distress and those who accompany health care professionals in seeking structural changes, advocating for needed resources for patient care, and attaining the important goal of spiritual healing.","PeriodicalId":21049,"journal":{"name":"Review & Expositor","volume":"119 1","pages":"125 - 131"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45585937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-01DOI: 10.1177/00346373221139793
Tobias L. Winright
Mark Medley, a member of the editorial board of Review & Expositor, and my friend since 1993 when we first met as graduate students at the University of Notre Dame, contacted me a year ago to invite me to edit this issue focusing on bioethics and health care, with attention given to the implications of the COVID-19 pandemic and the racial, economic, and social inequities in the US health care system. That is a mouthful for a topic, but I was pleased to accept the invitation. Indeed, I am delighted to share with readers the following essays contributed to this thematic issue by a cohort of conscientious and punctual academicians and scholarly practitioners. That is not to say, of course, that I take delight in the problems these eight articles and three expository essays address. God forbid. After all, for all the good the health care system and medicine accomplish in the United States, it seems that just as many problems are associated with it.1 Moreover, during the last 3 years, the COVID-19 pandemic has unmasked and exacerbated profound weaknesses already present within US health care, such as equitable access to, and just allocation of, health care. The mandatory lockdowns, the masking policies, and the vaccines to mitigate the spread of COVID-19 and its variants also have raised deep-seated questions and generated intense disagreement and debate. Because some of the essays that follow narrate the origin and spread of COVID-19, I will not rehearse that narrative here. Suffice it to say that politicians and government officials, health care professionals and providers, clergy and chaplains, employers and employees, colleges and universities, ethicists, and theologians all seemed caught off guard and ill-prepared to respond to this new global threat to people and communities, especially vulnerable people, including the elderly, children, the poor, persons of color, and the immunocompromised. Even the health care professionals found themselves stretched and stressed beyond their physical, mental, moral, and spiritual limits. My spouse is an ICU registered nurse, and her experiences with COVID-19 patients and their loved ones often felt overwhelming; yet she somehow persisted in providing the best care she could for them.
马克·梅德利（Mark Medley）是《评论与博览会》（Review&Expositor）编委会成员，自1993年我们在圣母大学（University of Notre Dame）读研究生时第一次见面以来，他一直是我的朋友，以及美国医疗体系中的社会不平等。这是一个很难回答的话题，但我很高兴接受了邀请。事实上，我很高兴与读者分享以下几篇由一群兢兢业业、守时的学者和学术从业者为本专题撰写的文章。当然，这并不是说我对这八篇文章和三篇解释性文章所涉及的问题感到高兴。上帝保佑。毕竟，尽管美国的医疗保健系统和医学取得了诸多成就，但似乎也有同样多的问题与之相关。1此外，在过去3年中，新冠肺炎疫情暴露并加剧了美国医疗保健中已经存在的深刻弱点，如公平获得和公平分配医疗保健。强制性封锁、口罩政策以及缓解新冠肺炎及其变种传播的疫苗也引发了深层次的问题，并引发了激烈的分歧和辩论。因为接下来的一些文章叙述了新冠肺炎的起源和传播，我不会在这里排练这种叙述。只需说，政治家和政府官员、医疗保健专业人员和提供者、神职人员和牧师、雇主和雇员、学院和大学、伦理学家和神学家似乎都猝不及防，准备不足，无法应对这一对人民和社区的新的全球威胁，尤其是弱势群体，包括老年人、儿童、穷人、，有色人种和免疫力低下者。即使是医疗保健专业人员也发现自己的压力超出了身体、心理、道德和精神的极限。我的配偶是一名ICU注册护士，她与新冠肺炎患者及其亲人相处的经历常常让人难以承受；但不知怎么的，她坚持为他们提供最好的照顾。
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Pub Date : 2022-05-01DOI: 10.1177/00346373221130159a
B. Small
Beale’s contextual and exegetical perspectives are largely conventional. Regarding Colossians, Beale holds the epistle to be authentically Pauline (pp. 7–8), written in the early 50s CE, perhaps from Ephesus (or Rome), though Beale notably appears to exclude Caesarea from possessing any legitimate claim to provenance (p. 8). One noteworthy observation regards the identification of the Colossian heresy, which Beale perceives as primarily Jewish, though with some pagan elements (p. 13). Furthermore, the opposition constitutes a specific Jewish-Hellenistic false teaching rather than a general false ideology (p. 16 n 36). The letter to Philemon, being written around the same time, possesses a similar contextual background, though with a slightly later date in the mid-50s CE (p. 367). In his introduction to Philemon, however, Beale backs off the Ephesian provenance a bit, cautioning against holding too dogmatically to either an Ephesian or Roman provenance. Beale’s insights into OT allusions in Colossians mark his commentary’s distinctive contribution. Beale sees OT allusions throughout Colossians, whereas other scholars might not. For instance, Beale identifies 1:26–27 as a potential allusion to Dan 2:19–22, 28–30, while admitting that “most commentators . . . do not see an allusion to Dan. 2, apparently not detecting the unique verbal parallels” (pp. 147–48). Whatever one’s opinions regarding allusions and verbal parallels, Beale’s more open standards allow him to explore the implications of the OT on Paul’s thought more broadly. Perhaps, one critique, however, regards Beale’s unwillingness to distinguish between echoes and allusions (p. 444). Although Beale’s rationale that the broadly varying criteria for distinguishing between echoes and allusions is unsettled and, therefore, unhelpful is legitimate, his approach tends to possess alternative weaknesses. Beale might see an allusion in which Paul could have legitimately used language that simply was ingrained in his social and religious context without intending to draw direct parallels with any immediate interpretive implications (e.g., 3:9b–10 as a potential allusion to Gen 1–3). Stated simply, Beale’s approach is unable to distinguish between levels of intent regarding the use of OT allusions, which seems to be at least marginally germane to matters of interpretation. Although Beale communicates well his extensive knowledge of scholarship beyond merely Colossians and Philemon, he still displays a considerable measure of originality, in which he complements his exegesis of the text with pertinent scholarly dialogue rather than the alternative. In the author’s preface, Beale clarifies his intention in writing, claiming that he wishes broadly “to provide an exegesis of Colossians and Philemon that would be especially helpful to teachers, pastors, students, and others seriously interested in interpreting Colossians and Philemon for the benefit of the church” (p. xi). While the interests of these dif
{"title":"Gordon D. Fee, The First Epistle to the Corinthians","authors":"B. Small","doi":"10.1177/00346373221130159a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00346373221130159a","url":null,"abstract":"Beale’s contextual and exegetical perspectives are largely conventional. Regarding Colossians, Beale holds the epistle to be authentically Pauline (pp. 7–8), written in the early 50s CE, perhaps from Ephesus (or Rome), though Beale notably appears to exclude Caesarea from possessing any legitimate claim to provenance (p. 8). One noteworthy observation regards the identification of the Colossian heresy, which Beale perceives as primarily Jewish, though with some pagan elements (p. 13). Furthermore, the opposition constitutes a specific Jewish-Hellenistic false teaching rather than a general false ideology (p. 16 n 36). The letter to Philemon, being written around the same time, possesses a similar contextual background, though with a slightly later date in the mid-50s CE (p. 367). In his introduction to Philemon, however, Beale backs off the Ephesian provenance a bit, cautioning against holding too dogmatically to either an Ephesian or Roman provenance. Beale’s insights into OT allusions in Colossians mark his commentary’s distinctive contribution. Beale sees OT allusions throughout Colossians, whereas other scholars might not. For instance, Beale identifies 1:26–27 as a potential allusion to Dan 2:19–22, 28–30, while admitting that “most commentators . . . do not see an allusion to Dan. 2, apparently not detecting the unique verbal parallels” (pp. 147–48). Whatever one’s opinions regarding allusions and verbal parallels, Beale’s more open standards allow him to explore the implications of the OT on Paul’s thought more broadly. Perhaps, one critique, however, regards Beale’s unwillingness to distinguish between echoes and allusions (p. 444). Although Beale’s rationale that the broadly varying criteria for distinguishing between echoes and allusions is unsettled and, therefore, unhelpful is legitimate, his approach tends to possess alternative weaknesses. Beale might see an allusion in which Paul could have legitimately used language that simply was ingrained in his social and religious context without intending to draw direct parallels with any immediate interpretive implications (e.g., 3:9b–10 as a potential allusion to Gen 1–3). Stated simply, Beale’s approach is unable to distinguish between levels of intent regarding the use of OT allusions, which seems to be at least marginally germane to matters of interpretation. Although Beale communicates well his extensive knowledge of scholarship beyond merely Colossians and Philemon, he still displays a considerable measure of originality, in which he complements his exegesis of the text with pertinent scholarly dialogue rather than the alternative. In the author’s preface, Beale clarifies his intention in writing, claiming that he wishes broadly “to provide an exegesis of Colossians and Philemon that would be especially helpful to teachers, pastors, students, and others seriously interested in interpreting Colossians and Philemon for the benefit of the church” (p. xi). While the interests of these dif","PeriodicalId":21049,"journal":{"name":"Review & Expositor","volume":"119 1","pages":"148 - 150"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43635903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-01DOI: 10.1177/00346373221132281
C. Kelly
As the world shifts to the next phase of the pandemic, bioethicists need to consider anew what moral responsibility looks like during non-crisis times. This article turns to the calling of Matthew (Matt 9:9-13) to provide biblical insights Christians can use to contribute to this bioethical conversation. Drawing on the narrative context, which buries this pericope within a section of the gospel focusing on Jesus’s healing ministry, this article explains how the calling of Matthew underscores the holistic vision of health and well-being animating Jesus’s work as a healer and adds to Jesus’s primary emphasis on restoration for the marginalized. Examining Jesus’s claim that “those who are well have no need of a physician,” this article argues that Christians can best embrace this broad vision of healing by prioritizing public health so that the community will be better prepared to weather the next health crisis, should it emerge.
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Pub Date : 2022-05-01DOI: 10.1177/00346373221137573
Wendell L. Griffen
{"title":"A word from Wendell Griffen: Epiphany, empire, and misfeasance in prophetic exposition","authors":"Wendell L. Griffen","doi":"10.1177/00346373221137573","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00346373221137573","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21049,"journal":{"name":"Review & Expositor","volume":"119 1","pages":"11 - 22"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43934502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-01DOI: 10.1177/00346373221133008
B. H. Childs
Triage plans which were largely developed in the face of the growing and lethal pandemic betrayed an underlying anthropology which unintentionally neglected to allow for the assignment of potentially limited interventions to underserved and less socially advantaged persons. This neglect is abetted by the structure of US medical delivery that treats medical care as a commercial commodity with an emphasis on high tech rescue medicine as opposed to preventive public health medicine. A Christian anthropology modeled by Karl Barth’s notion of analogia relationis would correct this neglect of the underserved and needy.
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Pub Date : 2022-05-01DOI: 10.1177/00346373221129647
C. Oladipo
The challenges and opportunities presented by Covid-19 are enormous, and Christians and non-Christians could take advantage of the pandemic to craft a borderless faith tradition. The Covid-19 pandemic has provided the opportunity to have a more comprehensive and positive image of every faith tradition, creating the best of all possible worlds for future generations.
{"title":"Practicing borderless Christianity: Challenges and opportunities of the Covid-19 pandemic","authors":"C. Oladipo","doi":"10.1177/00346373221129647","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00346373221129647","url":null,"abstract":"The challenges and opportunities presented by Covid-19 are enormous, and Christians and non-Christians could take advantage of the pandemic to craft a borderless faith tradition. The Covid-19 pandemic has provided the opportunity to have a more comprehensive and positive image of every faith tradition, creating the best of all possible worlds for future generations.","PeriodicalId":21049,"journal":{"name":"Review & Expositor","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44431625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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