Pub Date : 2022-05-01DOI: 10.1177/00346373221133718
F. J. White
As the COVID-19 pandemic initially unfolded in early 2020, medical systems were rapidly overwhelmed with critically ill patients. Intensive care resources were strained and, in some cases, insufficient. Concepts of triage and allocation of life-saving resources, once only hypothetical, were called into action. Vulnerable elderly, chronically ill, and disabled patients found themselves subject to protocols and guidelines that singled them out for disparate access to treatments. In this article, I overview the historical background of the early COVID-19 crisis, frontline triage guidelines in Italy and New York City, the conceptual nature of triage, the problematic practice of reallocation, the ethical principles that were challenged, how Judeo-Christian teachings inform these issues, and conflicts of physician duties with attendant moral distress. I close with a set of normative guideline statements that could help define a path through the extreme scarcities of a catastrophic pandemic crisis surge.
{"title":"Unto the least of these: Caring for the vulnerable in the time of COVID","authors":"F. J. White","doi":"10.1177/00346373221133718","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00346373221133718","url":null,"abstract":"As the COVID-19 pandemic initially unfolded in early 2020, medical systems were rapidly overwhelmed with critically ill patients. Intensive care resources were strained and, in some cases, insufficient. Concepts of triage and allocation of life-saving resources, once only hypothetical, were called into action. Vulnerable elderly, chronically ill, and disabled patients found themselves subject to protocols and guidelines that singled them out for disparate access to treatments. In this article, I overview the historical background of the early COVID-19 crisis, frontline triage guidelines in Italy and New York City, the conceptual nature of triage, the problematic practice of reallocation, the ethical principles that were challenged, how Judeo-Christian teachings inform these issues, and conflicts of physician duties with attendant moral distress. I close with a set of normative guideline statements that could help define a path through the extreme scarcities of a catastrophic pandemic crisis surge.","PeriodicalId":21049,"journal":{"name":"Review & Expositor","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48672478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-01DOI: 10.1177/00346373221130159j
A. English
{"title":"Robert Letham, The Holy Trinity: In Scripture, History, Theology, and Worship","authors":"A. English","doi":"10.1177/00346373221130159j","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00346373221130159j","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21049,"journal":{"name":"Review & Expositor","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43801188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-01DOI: 10.1177/00346373221132281
C. Kelly
As the world shifts to the next phase of the pandemic, bioethicists need to consider anew what moral responsibility looks like during non-crisis times. This article turns to the calling of Matthew (Matt 9:9-13) to provide biblical insights Christians can use to contribute to this bioethical conversation. Drawing on the narrative context, which buries this pericope within a section of the gospel focusing on Jesus’s healing ministry, this article explains how the calling of Matthew underscores the holistic vision of health and well-being animating Jesus’s work as a healer and adds to Jesus’s primary emphasis on restoration for the marginalized. Examining Jesus’s claim that “those who are well have no need of a physician,” this article argues that Christians can best embrace this broad vision of healing by prioritizing public health so that the community will be better prepared to weather the next health crisis, should it emerge.
{"title":"“Those who are well”: Lessons from COVID for non-crisis times via Matthew 9:9-13","authors":"C. Kelly","doi":"10.1177/00346373221132281","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00346373221132281","url":null,"abstract":"As the world shifts to the next phase of the pandemic, bioethicists need to consider anew what moral responsibility looks like during non-crisis times. This article turns to the calling of Matthew (Matt 9:9-13) to provide biblical insights Christians can use to contribute to this bioethical conversation. Drawing on the narrative context, which buries this pericope within a section of the gospel focusing on Jesus’s healing ministry, this article explains how the calling of Matthew underscores the holistic vision of health and well-being animating Jesus’s work as a healer and adds to Jesus’s primary emphasis on restoration for the marginalized. Examining Jesus’s claim that “those who are well have no need of a physician,” this article argues that Christians can best embrace this broad vision of healing by prioritizing public health so that the community will be better prepared to weather the next health crisis, should it emerge.","PeriodicalId":21049,"journal":{"name":"Review & Expositor","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49171692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-01DOI: 10.1177/00346373221137573
Wendell L. Griffen
{"title":"A word from Wendell Griffen: Epiphany, empire, and misfeasance in prophetic exposition","authors":"Wendell L. Griffen","doi":"10.1177/00346373221137573","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00346373221137573","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21049,"journal":{"name":"Review & Expositor","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43934502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-01DOI: 10.1177/00346373221130159f
Nathan Hays
discussions under these rubrics follow a “performative-sensitive” translation of the biblical text. These translations intentionally embrace a more formal approach to translation, seeking to follow the Hebrew text closely in terms of word-for-word equivalents and a variety of structural and syntactic elements. Ironically, a formal translation of this sort, when performed, actually takes on a dynamic quality that perhaps in many ways does what the Hebrew text did in its oral context! The author’s translations of the Elijah narratives and texts from Ezekiel and Jonah serve well to help the reader “hear” aspects of the texts often overlooked in these familiar narratives. This kind of translation always involves a tension between pushing limits to illustrate vivid ideas and keeping the text readable, and inevitably Mathews veers a little far from the center line in an instance or two. Elijah calling for the prophets of Baal to call out to God “with surround sound” (p. 112), for example, does not land quite right on the ear of this reviewer; and yet these kinds of risks are necessary for the experimentation that performance criticism calls for, and by and large Mathews’s translations are powerful and effective. The introductory material and creativity sections of each case study also contain a wide variety of interesting and thoughtful observations about the texts and her translations of them, such as reflection on the effects of the episode about Naboth’s vineyard when considered as a “prequel” or consideration of Ezekiel as a “performance artist.” The commentary sections of the case studies are focused on narrative elements such as characters and props and other elements of the texts worthy of attention for their roles in performance. Mathews pays particular attention to the “ready-mades” that occur in each of the texts, and conventional words and phrases that would have been familiar to the hearers of the texts but are used by the writers in unconventional ways to bring about surprise or disquiet (p. 87). In the connections sections of the case studies, Mathews explores the relevance of these prophetic messages for contemporary contexts. Her examples demonstrate sensitivity to a variety of social issues, particularly issues of justice, to which the prophetic voices continue to speak. Her observations about their resonance with the contemporary issue of Israeli settlements in Palestinian territories are especially poignant. In all, Mathews offers an engaging exploration that demonstrates the considerable value of performance criticism. From technical explanations to theological insights, she provides thought-provoking engagement with this methodology useful for both scholars and ministers interested in these prophetic texts or in learning more about this approach for its application to all biblical texts.
{"title":"Dominick S. Hernández, Proverbs: Pathways to Wisdom","authors":"Nathan Hays","doi":"10.1177/00346373221130159f","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00346373221130159f","url":null,"abstract":"discussions under these rubrics follow a “performative-sensitive” translation of the biblical text. These translations intentionally embrace a more formal approach to translation, seeking to follow the Hebrew text closely in terms of word-for-word equivalents and a variety of structural and syntactic elements. Ironically, a formal translation of this sort, when performed, actually takes on a dynamic quality that perhaps in many ways does what the Hebrew text did in its oral context! The author’s translations of the Elijah narratives and texts from Ezekiel and Jonah serve well to help the reader “hear” aspects of the texts often overlooked in these familiar narratives. This kind of translation always involves a tension between pushing limits to illustrate vivid ideas and keeping the text readable, and inevitably Mathews veers a little far from the center line in an instance or two. Elijah calling for the prophets of Baal to call out to God “with surround sound” (p. 112), for example, does not land quite right on the ear of this reviewer; and yet these kinds of risks are necessary for the experimentation that performance criticism calls for, and by and large Mathews’s translations are powerful and effective. The introductory material and creativity sections of each case study also contain a wide variety of interesting and thoughtful observations about the texts and her translations of them, such as reflection on the effects of the episode about Naboth’s vineyard when considered as a “prequel” or consideration of Ezekiel as a “performance artist.” The commentary sections of the case studies are focused on narrative elements such as characters and props and other elements of the texts worthy of attention for their roles in performance. Mathews pays particular attention to the “ready-mades” that occur in each of the texts, and conventional words and phrases that would have been familiar to the hearers of the texts but are used by the writers in unconventional ways to bring about surprise or disquiet (p. 87). In the connections sections of the case studies, Mathews explores the relevance of these prophetic messages for contemporary contexts. Her examples demonstrate sensitivity to a variety of social issues, particularly issues of justice, to which the prophetic voices continue to speak. Her observations about their resonance with the contemporary issue of Israeli settlements in Palestinian territories are especially poignant. In all, Mathews offers an engaging exploration that demonstrates the considerable value of performance criticism. From technical explanations to theological insights, she provides thought-provoking engagement with this methodology useful for both scholars and ministers interested in these prophetic texts or in learning more about this approach for its application to all biblical texts.","PeriodicalId":21049,"journal":{"name":"Review & Expositor","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45634522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-01DOI: 10.1177/00346373221129647
C. Oladipo
The challenges and opportunities presented by Covid-19 are enormous, and Christians and non-Christians could take advantage of the pandemic to craft a borderless faith tradition. The Covid-19 pandemic has provided the opportunity to have a more comprehensive and positive image of every faith tradition, creating the best of all possible worlds for future generations.
{"title":"Practicing borderless Christianity: Challenges and opportunities of the Covid-19 pandemic","authors":"C. Oladipo","doi":"10.1177/00346373221129647","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00346373221129647","url":null,"abstract":"The challenges and opportunities presented by Covid-19 are enormous, and Christians and non-Christians could take advantage of the pandemic to craft a borderless faith tradition. The Covid-19 pandemic has provided the opportunity to have a more comprehensive and positive image of every faith tradition, creating the best of all possible worlds for future generations.","PeriodicalId":21049,"journal":{"name":"Review & Expositor","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44431625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-01DOI: 10.1177/00346373221133008
B. H. Childs
Triage plans which were largely developed in the face of the growing and lethal pandemic betrayed an underlying anthropology which unintentionally neglected to allow for the assignment of potentially limited interventions to underserved and less socially advantaged persons. This neglect is abetted by the structure of US medical delivery that treats medical care as a commercial commodity with an emphasis on high tech rescue medicine as opposed to preventive public health medicine. A Christian anthropology modeled by Karl Barth’s notion of analogia relationis would correct this neglect of the underserved and needy.
{"title":"COVID-19 and algorithmic medical ethics: A Christian perspective","authors":"B. H. Childs","doi":"10.1177/00346373221133008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00346373221133008","url":null,"abstract":"Triage plans which were largely developed in the face of the growing and lethal pandemic betrayed an underlying anthropology which unintentionally neglected to allow for the assignment of potentially limited interventions to underserved and less socially advantaged persons. This neglect is abetted by the structure of US medical delivery that treats medical care as a commercial commodity with an emphasis on high tech rescue medicine as opposed to preventive public health medicine. A Christian anthropology modeled by Karl Barth’s notion of analogia relationis would correct this neglect of the underserved and needy.","PeriodicalId":21049,"journal":{"name":"Review & Expositor","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47147105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-01DOI: 10.1177/00346373221130159b
J. Walton
{"title":"Carla Swafford Works, The Least of These: Paul and the Marginalized","authors":"J. Walton","doi":"10.1177/00346373221130159b","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00346373221130159b","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21049,"journal":{"name":"Review & Expositor","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45755721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-01DOI: 10.1177/00346373221130159h
Dalen C. Jackson
Further studies of this kind should delineate often as to emperors (Caligula, Nero, Domitian being the worst in the first century, perhaps) and their attendant eras being different, also that various locations in the empire and local situations would alter attitudes toward the empire by the Christian community. Of course, Carter knows this well, but the tendency of these studies is to portray a rather static situation, rather like generalizing about Mediterranean peasants as though they were a homogeneous group. The construct in its full array fits best the book of Revelation. Carter perceptively calls attention to the empire’s economic oppression in Revelation 18, its illicit economic activity made possible by its military, the parallel to Jeremiah 50–51, and the vicious military conquest upon which the empire is founded (pp. 105–107). Would that indeed be the case for all empires? Relatively recent empires are not immune from similar critiques. Consider the German Reich, the Russian empire after WW2, and the British Empire that might have been somewhat enlightened, eventually letting India go without war, but was still imperial and racist (?) and could be drastic. Should we not also be awakened by this study to the American empire, of bases if not of colonies, and its military invasions in the twentieth century? Did the United States embark on being a colonial power after the Spanish-American war by taking possession of the Philippines, tempting the would-be Empire of Japan into the tragic bombing of Pearl Harbor? Is there not some hubris in the very idea of empire, some inherent necessity to conquer other countries and subsume them for selfish benefit? Carter is acutely aware of such potentialities. Were I to say that I am impressed with this book and recommend it would be to engage in understatement. It is invaluable for its overview, academically of high standard yet readable, informative for those needing an update about the socio-economic application to an NT set in the Roman Empire. It is actually rather exhilarating to read this essential guide. It could serve well as a primer in a college or seminary class for orientation and would function exceptionally well as a catalyst for lively discussion in a bible study group.
{"title":"Paul Borgman and Kelly James Clark, Written to Be Heard: Recovering the Messages of the Gospels","authors":"Dalen C. Jackson","doi":"10.1177/00346373221130159h","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00346373221130159h","url":null,"abstract":"Further studies of this kind should delineate often as to emperors (Caligula, Nero, Domitian being the worst in the first century, perhaps) and their attendant eras being different, also that various locations in the empire and local situations would alter attitudes toward the empire by the Christian community. Of course, Carter knows this well, but the tendency of these studies is to portray a rather static situation, rather like generalizing about Mediterranean peasants as though they were a homogeneous group. The construct in its full array fits best the book of Revelation. Carter perceptively calls attention to the empire’s economic oppression in Revelation 18, its illicit economic activity made possible by its military, the parallel to Jeremiah 50–51, and the vicious military conquest upon which the empire is founded (pp. 105–107). Would that indeed be the case for all empires? Relatively recent empires are not immune from similar critiques. Consider the German Reich, the Russian empire after WW2, and the British Empire that might have been somewhat enlightened, eventually letting India go without war, but was still imperial and racist (?) and could be drastic. Should we not also be awakened by this study to the American empire, of bases if not of colonies, and its military invasions in the twentieth century? Did the United States embark on being a colonial power after the Spanish-American war by taking possession of the Philippines, tempting the would-be Empire of Japan into the tragic bombing of Pearl Harbor? Is there not some hubris in the very idea of empire, some inherent necessity to conquer other countries and subsume them for selfish benefit? Carter is acutely aware of such potentialities. Were I to say that I am impressed with this book and recommend it would be to engage in understatement. It is invaluable for its overview, academically of high standard yet readable, informative for those needing an update about the socio-economic application to an NT set in the Roman Empire. It is actually rather exhilarating to read this essential guide. It could serve well as a primer in a college or seminary class for orientation and would function exceptionally well as a catalyst for lively discussion in a bible study group.","PeriodicalId":21049,"journal":{"name":"Review & Expositor","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45200038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-01DOI: 10.1177/00346373221130159k
William P. McDonald
{"title":"David Lawrence Coe, Kierkegaard and Luther","authors":"William P. McDonald","doi":"10.1177/00346373221130159k","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00346373221130159k","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21049,"journal":{"name":"Review & Expositor","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44585163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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