Resuscitation最新文献

Background: Most preterm infants breathe spontaneously at birth. Despite this, the majority have a face mask immediately applied for breathing support. Face mask application may inhibit spontaneous breathing in newborn infants. We wished to determine whether selectively applying a mask to give positive pressure ventilation (PPV) for apnoea or bradycardia only compared to routinely applying a mask for continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) resulted in fewer preterm infants receiving PPV in the delivery room (DR).

Methods: Infants born before 32 weeks of gestation were randomly assigned to either SELECTIVE or ROUTINE groups, stratified by gestational age (GA) [<28 and 28-31 weeks]. Infants in the SELECTIVE group were placed supine to breathe spontaneously and were not to receive mask CPAP before five minutes of life. Infants in the ROUTINE group received face mask CPAP as soon as possible after birth. Infants in both groups received mask PPV for apnoea or bradycardia. The primary outcome was face mask PPV in the DR.

Results: Of the 201 who were randomly assigned, we analysed data for 200 infants: 98 in the SELECTIVE group [mean (SD) GA: 28 (3) weeks; birth weight (BW): 1120 (439)g] and 102 in the ROUTINE group [mean (SD) GA: 28 (2) weeks; BW: 1150 (425)g]. PPV rates in the DR were similar between groups [SELECTIVE 63/98 (64 %) versus ROUTINE 53/102 (52 %); RR 1.24, 95 %CI 0.98-1.57, p = 0.08].

Conclusion: Selectively applying a face mask for PPV only did not result in fewer preterm infants receiving PPV in the DR.

Background: The guidelines for Advanced Life Support issued by the European Resuscitation Council recommend considering drug delivery through intraosseous access if intravenous access to the vascular bed is not feasible or unsuccessful. Emergency prehospital intraosseous cannulation may theoretically lead to an increased risk of long-term complications such as osteomyelitis, osteonecrosis, or compartment syndrome. Such complications have previously been reported in case reports or small sample case series. We systematically investigated long-term complications potentially associated with intraosseous cannulation using validated Danish health registries.

Methods: Data sources were the nationwide electronic Prehospital Patient Record system, the Danish National Patient Registry, and the Danish Civil Personal Registry. We investigated all patients who were subjected to prehospital intraosseous cannulation in Denmark from January 2016 through December 2019. During a follow-up period of 180 days from the index date we extracted information concerning mortality status and potential long-term complications defined as osteomyelitis, osteonecrosis, or compartment syndrome from the day of prehospital intraosseous cannulation.

Results: Of the 5,387 patients receiving intraosseous access, 375 were unidentified and lost to follow-up. Of the 5012 remaining patients, 4,775 were adults, and 237 were children. No children and "less than five" adults had long-term complications. No osteonecrosis, osteomyelitis or compartment syndrome appeared later than 175 days after an intraosseous cannulation.

Conclusions: Long-term complications such as osteomyelitis, osteonecrosis, or compartment syndrome following prehospital intraosseous cannulation and drug delivery occurred in less than 0.1% of the cases. Our findings indicate that prehospital intraosseous cannulation may be safe across age groups.

Background: Ambulance call-takers perform the critical role of prompting callers to initiate and continue cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) for patients with suspected out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). This study aimed to identify call-taker strategies to address callers' perceptions of CPR 'inappropriateness' (perceiving the patient as dead and beyond help, or as showing signs of life).

Methods: Using a linguistic approach, we analysed 31 calls previously identified as having an inappropriateness barrier to CPR initiation or continuation. In Phase 1, we listened to call recordings and studied call transcripts to identify the strategies and linguistic features used by call-takers. Phase 2 was a discourse analysis of transcript extracts to describe how certain strategies, identified in Phase 1, were used in the caller-call-taker interactions.

Results: Call-takers used various strategies when responding to callers who considered CPR inappropriate. Call-takers rarely used a single strategy or linguistic feature in isolation, tending to use combinations of minimal tokens of alignment (e.g. caller name or encouragements statements), with deontics (including directives/commands and statements of obligation e.g. "do this for me") and provision of either context (e.g. "the ambulance is on its way") or a rationale ("he's not breathing effectively so we need to perform CPR to help him"). Most call-taker attempts were successful, with callers overcoming 71% of initiation barriers and 88% of continuation barriers.

Conclusions: Call-takers used a combination of linguistic features (minimal/symbolic tokens, deontics) and strategies (providing unscripted statements about the context or a rationale for CPR) to overcome barriers of perceived inappropriateness to CPR.

Background: Multivessel coronary artery disease (MVD) represents a common finding at invasive coronary angiography (ICA) among out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) survivors. However, optimal invasive treatment strategy for MVD in OHCA remains unknown. Our study aims to assess if complete revascularization improves one-year clinical outcomes in these patients.

Methods: This is a multicentric, prospective, observational study. We considered all OHCA patients enrolled in the Lombardia CARe Registry from January 1, 2015, to December 31, 2022, who underwent ICA in 8 centers in Northern Italy. Clinical follow-up was performed 1 year after the index hospitalization.

Results: Among the 13,354 OHCA patients enrolled, 863 were admitted to the 8 centers involved in the study and ICA was performed in 538 patients. MVD was present in 230 (42.7 %) patients, treated with either complete (77 patients) or incomplete (152 patients) coronary revascularization. At 1 year, death from any cause occurred in 20.8 % of the complete-revascularization group and 53.3 % of the culprit-lesion-only group (p < 0.001), while secondary-outcome event (death from any cause or unfavorable neurological outcome) occurred in 20.8 % and 55.9 %, respectively (p < 0.001). At multivariable analysis, a complete revascularization strategy was independently associated with a reduced risk of death [hazard ratio (HR) 0.29 (95 % confidence intervals (CI): 0.09 to 0.98; p = 0.047)] and death or unfavorable neurological outcome [HR: 0.23 (95 % CI: 0.06 to 0.81; p = 0.022)].

Conclusion: Our findings suggest that a complete percutaneous coronary revascularization strategy is associated with improved one-year survival rates in patients with MVD resuscitated from OHCA.

Introduction: A crowd crush can lead to respiratory arrest and result in multiple mass cardiac arrests (MCAs), which are often classified as Black Tag in disaster triage. Recently, many laypersons have been commonly trained in compression-only cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) without ventilation support in various communities. This study aims to describe the characteristics of bystander CPR administered and the outcomes of MCAs during the Itaewon crowd crush incident.

Methods: An observational study was conducted on the CPR characteristics of MCAs during the Halloween Festival in 2022, utilizing two databases: (1) MCAs registered in the Korea Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest Registry (KOHCAR) and (2) MCAs uploaded on social media platforms (Instagram and YouTube), identified through relevant keyword searches. Video clips with a minimum streaming time of 10 s and a clear view of bystander CPR were analyzed. General demographic findings were analyzed using the KOHCAR, while the type of bystander CPR (compression-only CPR with or without rescue breathing) was compared using the social media data.

Results: Of the 218 patients attended by EMS, 119 MCAs were registered in KOHCAR. The mean age of the victims was 24.5 years, with 10 (8.4%) being non-Korean. The median ambulance response time was 59 min. Among the victims, 22 (18.5%) received CPR (19 bybystanders, 2 by first responders, and 1 by a disaster medical assistant team), followed by EMS resuscitation, while 7 (5.9%) received CPR first by the EMS team. The remaining 90 victims (75.6%) were pronounced deceased by EMS providers. Three victims (2.5%) achieved return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) in the field, and one (0.8%) survived to hospital discharge. From the social media database, 26 video clips containing CPR were identified (14 from 251 clips on Instagram and 12 from 187 on YouTube), excluding duplicates and non-CPR cases. In the 26 video clips containing CPR, a total of 228 bystander CPR cases were identified in the video clips. Of these, 217 (95.2%) involved compression-only CPR, while 11 cases (4.8%) included CPR with rescue breathing.

Conclusion: Most MCAs were pronounced deceased, likely due to their classification as Black Tag or delayed response times. Only a small percentage (4.8%) of bystander CPR cases included rescue breathing. An optimized resuscitation protocol for MCAs in crowd crush scenarios should be developed.

Purpose: We studied the promising Alzheimer biomarker plasma tau phosphorylated at threonine 231 (p-tau231) in a cohort of cardiac arrest patients who survived to intensive care to predict long-term neurological outcomes. We also compared it to total tau (t-tau), which has demonstrated predictive abilities of neurological outcome post-cardiac arrest.

Methods: This observational multicentre cohort study included 425 patients admitted to intensive care after cardiac arrest. Plasma p-tau231 was retrospectively analysed at admission, 12 and 48 h after cardiac arrest. The association of the Cerebral Performance Category (CPC) with p-tau231 was analysed with a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). CPC was modelled using multivariate ordinal logistic regression, and the biomarkers' prognostic performance was assessed by the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC).

Results: Increasing p-tau231 levels were significantly associated with worse CPC (p < 0.001). P-tau231 showed moderate prognostic abilities (AUC: 0.69 on admission, 0.72 at 12 h, and 0.71 at 48 h) for all patients but did not improve neurological prognostication after adjusting for clinical covariates. Elevated levels of t-tau were significantly associated with a worse outcome at all time points (p < 0.001). T-tau significantly improved neurological prognosis at 48 h after adjusting for covariates (AUC: 0.95, 95 % CI 0.93-0.98, p < 0.001) compared to the clinical covariate reference model (AUC: 0.88, 95 % CI 0.84-0.93).

Conclusions: Although p-tau231 showed moderate neurological prognostic ability, t-tau was a stronger predictor, particularly at 48 h, even after adjusting for clinical covariates.