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Effect of Nb Solute Concentration on Crystallite Size Refinement and Strength Enhancement in Mechanically Alloyed Cu-Nb Alloys Nb溶质浓度对Cu-Nb机械合金化合金晶粒细化和强度增强的影响
IF 0.7 4区 材料科学 Q3 Materials Science Pub Date : 2018-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/S1875-5372(18)30196-6
Lei Ruoshan , Chen Guangrun , Wang Mingpu

Cu-Nb alloys with a Nb concentration range of 0 wt%∼30 wt% were prepared by mechanical alloying (MA) at room temperature. The effects of Nb content on the crystalline refinement process and mechanical properties of the immiscible Cu-Nb system were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy-dispersive X-ray detection (EDX), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and microhardness measurement. Results show that the completed dissolution of Nb in Cu can be achieved in the samples with Nb content less than ∼11 wt% after 100 h milling, although the equilibrium solubility level is nearly zero. The grain size refinement capability of MA-ed Cu-Nb powder is enhanced with increasing Nb content up to 30 wt%. This is because the susceptibility to recovery process becomes reduced, when the amount of Nb solutes segregated into the dislocation of Cu phase is increased. Cu-30wt%Nb powder milled for 100 h, the average Cu grain size is only ∼6 nm. The microhardness of the samples shows an enhancement with increasing Nb concentration. The main strengthening mechanisms of the MA-ed Cu-Nb alloys are linked to the grain size reduction and the dissolution of Nb into Cu matrix.

采用机械合金化(MA)法制备了Nb浓度为0 wt% ~ 30 wt%的Cu-Nb合金。采用x射线衍射(XRD)、光学显微镜(OM)、能量色散x射线扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)和显微硬度测试研究了Nb含量对Cu-Nb非混相体系结晶细化过程和力学性能的影响。结果表明,在Nb含量小于~ 11wt %的样品中,磨矿100 h后,Nb在Cu中完全溶解,但平衡溶解度几乎为零。随着铌含量增加至30%,MA-ed Cu-Nb粉末的晶粒细化能力增强。这是因为当Cu相位错中析出的Nb溶质数量增加时,对恢复过程的敏感性降低。Cu-30wt%Nb粉末研磨100 h后,Cu的平均晶粒尺寸仅为~ 6 nm。试样的显微硬度随铌浓度的增加而增强。MA-ed Cu-Nb合金的主要强化机制与晶粒缩小和Nb在Cu基体中的溶解有关。
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引用次数: 2
Failure Mechanisms of Ti-Al3Ti metal-Intermetallic Laminate Composites Under High-Speed Impact 高速冲击下Ti-Al3Ti金属间层合复合材料的失效机理
IF 0.7 4区 材料科学 Q3 Materials Science Pub Date : 2018-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/S1875-5372(18)30197-8
Fan Xueling , Yuan Meini , Qin Qiang

The penetration process of Ti-Al3Ti metal-intermetallic laminate composites impacted by a projectile was numerically investigated. The ballistic performance, stress distribution, failure and energy absorbing mechanisms of Ti-Al3Ti metal-intermetallic laminate composites under high-speed impact were examined in detail. The results show that Ti-Al3Ti metal-intermetallic laminate composites under high-speed impact is mostly under tensile stress, since the compressive wave is reflected back as a tensile wave. During projectile penetration, transverse, inclined, and vertical cracks are formed in the Al3Ti phase, which can dramatically absorb the kinetic energy of projectile.

对Ti-Al3Ti金属间层合复合材料在弹丸冲击下的侵深过程进行了数值研究。详细研究了高速冲击下Ti-Al3Ti金属间层合复合材料的弹道性能、应力分布、破坏及吸能机理。结果表明:高速冲击下的Ti-Al3Ti金属间层合复合材料主要处于拉应力作用下,压缩波被反射回拉伸波;在弹丸侵彻过程中,在Al3Ti相中形成横向、倾斜和垂直的裂纹,这些裂纹能极大地吸收弹丸的动能。
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引用次数: 10
Biocompatible MgO Film on Titanium Substrate Prepared by Sol-gel Method 溶胶-凝胶法制备钛基生物相容性MgO膜
IF 0.7 4区 材料科学 Q3 Materials Science Pub Date : 2018-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/S1875-5372(18)30206-6
Yu Shunzhi, Li Zhonghai, Han Liwei, Zhao Yantao, F. Tao
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引用次数: 6
Microstructural Characterization and Growth Kinetics of the Reaction Layer in U-10wt% Zr/Zircaloy-4 Diffusion Couples U-10wt% Zr/Zircaloy-4扩散偶联反应层的微观结构表征和生长动力学
IF 0.7 4区 材料科学 Q3 Materials Science Pub Date : 2018-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/S1875-5372(18)30208-X
Zhang Yuting, W. Xin, Liu Pengchuang, Zeng Gang, Pang Xiaoxuan, J. Jianping, Sheng Liusi, Z. Pengcheng
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引用次数: 0
Microstructural Characterization and Growth Kinetics of the Reaction Layer in U-10wt% Zr/Zircaloy-4 Diffusion Couples U-10wt% Zr/Zircaloy-4扩散偶联反应层的微观结构表征和生长动力学
IF 0.7 4区 材料科学 Q3 Materials Science Pub Date : 2018-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/S1875-5372(18)30208-X
Zhang Yuting , Wang Xin , Liu Pengchuang , Zeng Gang , Pang Xiaoxuan , Jia Jianping , Sheng Liusi , Zhang Pengcheng

To investigate the compatibility and diffusion behavior between U-Zr alloys and Zr-4 alloys, solid-to-solid U-10wt% Zr/Zr-4 diffusion couples were assembled by vacuum hot pressing and then annealed under vacuum at temperatures ranging from 580 °C to 1100 °C for various time. Scanning and transmission electron microscopes were employed to analyze the microstructures and composition profiles at the interfaces of the couples. The compatibility between the two alloys was investigated. δ-UZr2 and ∼20-nm-thin U-rich layers existed in the vacuum-hot-pressed samples. The interdiffusion coefficient constant and activation energy are found to be (4.23±0.63)×10−6 m2/s and (160.73±1.67) kJ/mol, respectively. The interdiffusion coefficients of the U-10wt% Zr/Zr-4 alloy couples are higher than those of U—Zr alloys, especially at low temperature.

为了研究U-Zr合金与Zr-4合金之间的相容性和扩散行为,采用真空热压法制备了U-10wt% Zr/Zr-4扩散偶,并在580 ~ 1100℃的温度下进行了不同时间的真空退火。利用扫描电镜和透射电镜分析了偶联界面处的显微组织和成分分布。研究了两种合金的相容性。真空热压样品中存在δ-UZr2和~ 20 nm厚的富铀层。扩散系数常数和活化能分别为(4.23±0.63)×10−6 m2/s和(160.73±1.67)kJ/mol。U-10wt% Zr/Zr-4合金的互扩散系数高于U-Zr合金,特别是在低温时。
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引用次数: 0
Evolution of Microstructure in Al-Mn Alloy with a Low Ratio of Fe/Si During Homogenization 低铁硅比Al-Mn合金均匀化过程中组织演变
IF 0.7 4区 材料科学 Q3 Materials Science Pub Date : 2018-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/S1875-5372(18)30200-5
Hu Ting , Yin Dengfeng , Yu Xinxiang , Cheng Rence , Cao Hanquan

The evolution of microstructure in Al-Mn alloy with a low ratio of Fe/Si produced by twin-roll casting (TRC) during various homogenization treatments was investigated. The grain structure near the surface transforms from fibrous to coarse elongated recrystallized grain structure during homogenization at 550 °C for 4 h. The grain in the interior tends to be equiaxed with the temperature increasing. The primary particles are broken up after homogenization at 450 and 500 °C for 4 h, and coarsened when the temperature increases to 550 °C. The evolution of dispersoids is controlled by nucleation and growth mechanisms at 450 and 500 °C for 4 h, whereas the coarsening and dissolution are predominant mechanisms during homogenization at 550 °C for 4 h. Many small Zr-bearing dispersoids are obtained during homogenization at 500 °C for 4 h.

研究了双辊铸造低铁硅比Al-Mn合金在不同均匀化处理过程中的组织演变。550℃均匀化4 h后,近表面晶粒组织由纤维状转变为粗长条形再结晶晶粒组织,随着温度的升高,内部晶粒趋于等轴。在450℃和500℃均质4 h后,初生颗粒破碎,温度升高到550℃时,初生颗粒粗化。在450°C和500°C温度下,分散体的演化受成核和生长机制的控制,而在550°C温度下,均匀化4 h时,分散体的主要机制是粗化和溶解。在500°C温度下,均匀化4 h时,获得了许多小的含锆分散体。
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引用次数: 2
Effect of Rare Earth Pr on Creep Behavior of Sn-0.3Ag-0.7Cu-0.5Ga Low-Ag Solder Alloys 稀土Pr对Sn-0.3Ag-0.7Cu-0.5Ga低银钎料合金蠕变行为的影响
IF 0.7 4区 材料科学 Q3 Materials Science Pub Date : 2018-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/S1875-5372(18)30205-4
Wang Bo , Xue Songbai , Wang Jianxin , Long Weimin , Zhang Qingke

For development of low-Ag lead free solder alloys for microelectronic packaging, the correlation of creep properties with microstructure of novel Sn-0.3Ag-0.7Cu-0.5Ga (SAC-Ga) solder alloys bearing Pr has been investigated using nanoindentation. The results show that the creep deformation of SAC-Ga, SAC-Ga-0.06Pr, SAC-Ga-0.5Pr is 1717, 1144, and 1472 nm, respectively, which indicates that Pr addition could significantly enhance the creep resistance of SAC-Ga solders due to the refinement and uniform distribution of Cu6Sn5 intermetallic compounds (IMCs). However, compared with the SAC-Ga-0.06Pr solder alloy, the SAC-Ga-0.5Pr alloy shows poorer creep resistance which is mainly attributed to the surface oxidation of excess rare earth Pr. In addition, Dorn model has been used to describe the creep behavior and to obtain stress exponents of the SAC-Ga solder alloys bearing Pr. The strengthening mechanism of creep resistance in SAC-Ga solder alloys bearing Pr is that when encountering refined and well-distributed Cu6Sn5 IMCs, a dislocation line cannot climb through the IMCs but bypass the IMCs, thus leading to a decrease in the creep deformation of the solder alloys bearing Pr.

为了开发微电子封装用低银无铅钎料合金,采用纳米压痕法研究了新型含Pr Sn-0.3Ag-0.7Cu-0.5Ga钎料合金的蠕变性能与微观结构的关系。结果表明:SAC-Ga、SAC-Ga-0.06Pr和SAC-Ga-0.5Pr的蠕变变形分别为1717、1144和1472 nm,表明添加Pr可以使cu - sn5金属间化合物(IMCs)细化和均匀分布,从而显著提高SAC-Ga钎料的抗蠕变能力;然而,与SAC-Ga-0.06Pr钎料合金相比,SAC-Ga-0.5Pr钎料合金的抗蠕变性能较差,这主要是由于过量稀土Pr的表面氧化所致。此外,采用Dorn模型描述了SAC-Ga钎料合金的蠕变行为,并得到了含Pr钎料合金的应力指数。位错线不能爬过imc,而是绕过imc,从而导致承载Pr的钎料合金蠕变减小。
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引用次数: 7
Effect of Welding Speed on Fatigue Properties of TC18 Thick Plate by Electron Beam Welding 焊接速度对TC18厚板电子束焊接疲劳性能的影响
IF 0.7 4区 材料科学 Q3 Materials Science Pub Date : 2018-08-01 DOI: 10.1016/S1875-5372(18)30188-7
Han Wen , Fu Li , Chen Haiyan

The welding of 15 mm thick TC18 titanium alloy thick plate was realized by electron beam welding. The effect of different welding speeds (10, 20, 30 mm/s) on the fatigue properties of the electron beam welded joints for TC18 titanium alloy was investigated. The macroscopic morphology, microstructure and fracture characteristics of the joints were analyzed by optical microscope, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy, and the fatigue properties of welded joints were studied and tested by an electronic universal testing machine. The results show that the weld fusion zone is mainly composed of columnar β phase and acicular α martensite phase. The upper melting width, the middle melting width and the lower melting width are obviously reduced, and the grain size gradually decreases with the increase of welding speed, which results in the increase of fatigue properties of welded joints. At Nf =107 the fatigue limit of the weld increases by nearly 29% with the welding speed from 10 mm/s to 30 mm/s. The fatigue fracture of the joints can be divided into three typical regions of fatigue crack source zone, expansion zone and instantaneous zone, and the fatigue cracks all originate from the surface of the specimen. With the increase of welding speed, the proportion of instantaneous area decreases and the fatigue performance increases.

采用电子束焊接技术实现了15mm厚TC18钛合金厚板的焊接。研究了不同焊接速度(10、20、30 mm/s)对TC18钛合金电子束焊接接头疲劳性能的影响。采用光学显微镜、扫描电镜和透射电镜对焊接接头的宏观形貌、显微组织和断裂特征进行了分析,并利用电子万能试验机对焊接接头的疲劳性能进行了研究和测试。结果表明:焊缝熔合区主要由柱状β相和针状α马氏体相组成;随着焊接速度的增加,上、中、下熔化宽度明显减小,晶粒尺寸逐渐减小,导致焊接接头的疲劳性能增大。在Nf =107时,随着焊接速度从10 mm/s提高到30 mm/s,焊缝的疲劳极限提高了近29%。接头的疲劳断裂可分为疲劳裂纹源区、扩展区和瞬时区三个典型区域,疲劳裂纹均源自试样表面。随着焊接速度的增加,瞬时面积所占比例减小,疲劳性能提高。
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引用次数: 7
Section Flattening in Numerical Control Bending Process of TA18 High Strength Tube TA18高强度管材数控弯曲加工中的断面压扁
IF 0.7 4区 材料科学 Q3 Materials Science Pub Date : 2018-08-01 DOI: 10.1016/S1875-5372(18)30190-5
Huang Tao , Yang Fangfang , Zhan Mei , Guo Junqing , Chen Xuewen , Chen Fuxiao , Song Kexing

Section flattening is an inevitable physical phenomenon in the forming process of tube bending, and severe section flattening will affect the reasonable assembly of the tube fittings, and therefore restricts its wide application. Finite element (FE) model for numerical control (NC) bending of titanium tube considering the variation law of contractile strain ratio (CSR) and the Young's modulus (E) was established in the present paper. The section flattening behaviors of TA18 tube under different geometric conditions and different process conditions were investigated. The results show that considering the variation law of CSR-E can change the cross-section, which has no remarkable influence on the change law. The reasonable range of geometric and process parameters are obtained, which provides a basis for studying the forming prediction and controlling the final precision for the NC bending of TA18 tube.

截面压扁是管件弯曲成形过程中不可避免的物理现象,严重的截面压扁会影响管件的合理装配,从而制约了其广泛应用。建立了考虑收缩应变比(CSR)和杨氏模量(E)变化规律的钛管数控弯曲有限元模型。研究了TA18管在不同几何条件和不同工艺条件下的截面展平行为。结果表明,考虑CSR-E的变化规律可以改变截面,对其变化规律无显著影响。得到了几何参数和工艺参数的合理范围,为TA18管材数控弯曲成形预测和最终精度控制的研究提供了依据。
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引用次数: 5
Effect of the Pulling Velocity of Directional Solidification on Thermal Conductivity of Mg-Ag-Zn Alloys 定向凝固拉速对Mg-Ag-Zn合金导热系数的影响
IF 0.7 4区 材料科学 Q3 Materials Science Pub Date : 2018-08-01 DOI: 10.1016/S1875-5372(18)30192-9
Ma Yanxiang , Li Qiushu , Wang Xudong

Specimens of as-cast Mg-1Ag-Zn, Mg-3Ag-Zn and Mg-5Ag-Zn alloys were fabricated, and then the specimens' thermal conductivity was calculated. With the increase of Ag content, the thermal conductivity of as-cast alloys decreases significantly. After that, directionally solidified specimens of the above mentioned as-cast Mg-Ag-Zn alloys were made at three different pulling velocities: V=25 μm/s, V=50 μm/s, V=75 μm/s, and then their thermal conductivity was calculated again. The results show that with the increase of the pulling velocity, the thermal conductivity of alloys decreases significantly. Variations in the solute content and the pulling velocities are believed to play important roles in the thermal conductivity of Mg-Ag-Zn alloys. Since these two factors can strengthen the electron's scattering process, reduce their free path, and thereby reduce the alloys' thermal conductivity.

制备了铸态Mg-1Ag-Zn、Mg-3Ag-Zn和Mg-5Ag-Zn合金试样,计算了试样的导热系数。随着Ag含量的增加,铸态合金的导热系数显著降低。然后,在V=25 μm/s、V=50 μm/s、V=75 μm/s三种不同的拉伸速度下,制备上述铸态Mg-Ag-Zn合金定向凝固试样,并再次计算其导热系数。结果表明:随着拉拔速度的增大,合金的导热系数显著降低;溶质含量和拉拔速度的变化对Mg-Ag-Zn合金的导热性能有重要影响。由于这两个因素可以增强电子的散射过程,减少电子的自由程,从而降低合金的导热性。
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引用次数: 0
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