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The relationship between low prolactin and type 2 diabetes. 低催乳素与 2 型糖尿病之间的关系。
IF 8.2 2区 医学 Q1 ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM Pub Date : 2024-05-18 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-024-09886-w
Gie Ken-Dror, David Fluck, Michael E J Lean, Felipe F Casanueva, Thang Sieu Han

Prolactin (PRL) is secreted throughout life in men and women. At elevated levels, its physiological role in pregnancy and lactation, and pathological effects, are well known. However clinical implications of low circulating PRL are not well established. We conducted a meta-analysis to examine the relationship between low PRL levels and type 2 diabetes. Five papers included cross-sectional studies comprising 8,720 men (mean age range 51.4-60 years) and 3,429 women (49.5-61.6 years), and four papers included cohort studies comprising 2,948 men (52.1-60.0 years) and 3,203 women (49.2-60.1 years). Individuals with pregnancy, lactation and hyperprolactinemia, drugs known to alter circulating PRL levels, or pituitary diseases had been excluded. Although most studies used quartiles to categorize PRL groups for analysis, PRL cut-off values (all measured by chemiluminescence immunoassay) were variably defined between studies: the lowest PRL quartiles ranged from 3.6 ng/ml to 7.2 ng/ml in men and between 4.5 ng/ml to 8 ng/ml in women; and the highest PRL quartiles ranged from 6.9 ng/ml to 13 ng/ml in men and 9.6 ng/ml to 15.8 ng/ml in women. Type 2 diabetes was defined variably using self-reported physician's diagnosis, fasting blood glucose, oral glucose tolerance test or glycated hemoglobin (HbA1C). In cross-sectional studies, compared to individuals in the highest PRL groups (reference), those in the lowest PRL groups had greater risk of type 2 diabetes both in men: odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval = 1.86 (1.56-2.22) and in women: OR = 2.15 (1.63-2.85). In cohort studies, women showed a significant association between low PRL and type 2 diabetes: OR = 1.52 (1.02-2.28) but not men: OR = 1.44 (0.46-4.57). Relatively low heterogeneity was observed (I2 = 25-38.4%) for cross-sectional studies, but higher for cohort studies (I2 = 52.8-79.7%). In conclusion, low PRL is associated with type 2 diabetes, but discrepancy between men and women in the relationship within cohort studies requires further research.

催乳素(PRL)在男性和女性的一生中都会分泌。在水平升高时,它在怀孕和哺乳期的生理作用以及病理影响已众所周知。然而,低水平的循环 PRL 对临床的影响尚未得到充分证实。我们进行了一项荟萃分析,研究低PRL水平与2型糖尿病之间的关系。五篇论文纳入了横断面研究,包括8720名男性(平均年龄范围为51.4-60岁)和3429名女性(49.5-61.6岁);四篇论文纳入了队列研究,包括2948名男性(52.1-60.0岁)和3203名女性(49.2-60.1岁)。这些研究排除了妊娠、哺乳和高催乳素血症患者、已知会改变循环 PRL 水平的药物或垂体疾病患者。虽然大多数研究使用四分位数来划分 PRL 组别进行分析,但不同研究对 PRL 临界值(均通过化学发光免疫测定法测量)的定义各不相同:最低 PRL 四分位数从 3.男性 PRL 最低四分位数介于 3.6 纳克/毫升至 7.2 纳克/毫升之间,女性介于 4.5 纳克/毫升至 8 纳克/毫升之间;男性 PRL 最高四分位数介于 6.9 纳克/毫升至 13 纳克/毫升之间,女性介于 9.6 纳克/毫升至 15.8 纳克/毫升之间。2 型糖尿病的定义各不相同,使用的是自我报告的医生诊断、空腹血糖、口服葡萄糖耐量试验或糖化血红蛋白 (HbA1C)。在横断面研究中,与 PRL 最高组(参照组)的人相比,PRL 最低组的人罹患 2 型糖尿病的风险更大,男性:几率比(OR)和 95% 置信区间 = 1.86(1.56-2.22),女性:几率比(OR)和 95% 置信区间 = 2.15(1.56-2.22):或=2.15(1.63-2.85)。在队列研究中,女性的低 PRL 与 2 型糖尿病之间存在显著关联:OR = 1.52 (1.02-2.28),而男性则不然:OR = 1.44 (0.46-4.57)。横断面研究的异质性相对较低(I2 = 25-38.4%),但队列研究的异质性较高(I2 = 52.8-79.7%)。总之,低PRL与2型糖尿病有关,但在队列研究中男女之间的关系存在差异,需要进一步研究。
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引用次数: 0
Correction to: Potential therapeutic strategies for osteoarthritis via CRISPR/Cas9 mediated gene editing. 更正:通过 CRISPR/Cas9 介导的基因编辑治疗骨关节炎的潜在策略。
IF 6.9 2区 医学 Q1 ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM Pub Date : 2024-04-01 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-023-09867-5
Rexhina Vlashi, Xingen Zhang, Haibo Li, Guiqian Chen
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引用次数: 0
Circadian alignment of food intake and glycaemic control by time-restricted eating: A systematic review and meta-analysis. 限时饮食对食物摄入和血糖控制的昼夜节律一致性:一项系统综述和荟萃分析。
IF 6.9 2区 医学 Q1 ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM Pub Date : 2024-04-01 Epub Date: 2023-11-22 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-023-09853-x
Susana Rovira-Llopis, Clara Luna-Marco, Laura Perea-Galera, Celia Bañuls, Carlos Morillas, Victor M Victor

Daily rhythms of metabolic function are supported by molecular circadian clock systems that are strongly regulated by feeding and fasting. Intermittent fasting diets have been associated with weight loss and improved metabolism. However, the effects of time-restricted eating (TRE) on glycemic parameters are still under debate. In this review, we aim to systematically analyze the effects of TRE on glycemic parameters. We searched on PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library for controlled studies in which subjects followed TRE for at least 4 weeks. 20 studies were included in the qualitative systematic review, and 18 studies (n = 1169 subjects) were included in the meta-analysis. Overall, TRE had no significant effect on fasting glucose (Hedges's g = -0.08; 95% CI:-0.31,0.16; p = 0.52), but it did reduce HbA1c levels (Hedges's g = -0.27; 95% CI: -0.47, -0.06; p = 0.01). TRE significantly reduced fasting insulin (Hedges's g = -0.40; 95% CI: -0.73,-0.08; p = 0.01) and showed a tendency to decrease HOMA-IR (Hedges's g = -0.32; 95% CI:-0.66,0.02; p = 0.06). Interestingly, a cumulative analysis showed that the beneficial effects of TRE regarding glucose levels were less apparent as studies with later TRE windows (lTRE) were being included. Indeed, a subgroup analysis of the early TRE (eTRE) studies revealed that fasting glucose was significantly reduced by eTRE (Hedges's g = -0.38; 95% CI:-0.62, -0.14; p < 0.01). Our meta-analysis suggests that TRE can reduce HbA1c and insulin levels, and that timing of food intake is a crucial factor in the metabolic benefit of TRE, as only eTRE is capable of reducing fasting glucose levels in subjects with overweight or obesity.PROSPERO registration number CRD42023405946.

代谢功能的日常节律是由分子昼夜节律时钟系统支持的,该系统受到摄食和禁食的强烈调节。间歇性禁食与减肥和改善新陈代谢有关。然而,限时饮食(TRE)对血糖参数的影响仍存在争议。在这篇综述中,我们旨在系统地分析TRE对血糖参数的影响。我们在PubMed、EMBASE和Cochrane图书馆检索了受试者遵循TRE至少4周的对照研究。20项研究被纳入定性系统评价,18项研究(n = 1169名受试者)被纳入meta分析。总体而言,TRE对空腹血糖无显著影响(Hedges’s g = -0.08;95%置信区间:-0.31,0.16;p = 0.52),但确实降低了HbA1c水平(Hedges的g = -0.27;95% ci: -0.47, -0.06;p = 0.01)。TRE显著降低空腹胰岛素(Hedges’s g = -0.40;95% ci: -0.73,-0.08;p = 0.01),有降低HOMA-IR的趋势(Hedges’s g = -0.32;95%置信区间:-0.66,0.02;p = 0.06)。有趣的是,一项累积分析表明,当研究纳入较晚的TRE窗口(lTRE)时,TRE对葡萄糖水平的有益影响不那么明显。事实上,早期TRE (eTRE)研究的亚组分析显示,eTRE显著降低了空腹血糖(Hedges的g = -0.38;95% ci:-0.62, -0.14;p
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引用次数: 0
The effect of bariatric surgery on the expression of gastrointestinal taste receptors: A systematic review. 减肥手术对胃肠味觉受体表达的影响:系统综述。
IF 6.9 2区 医学 Q1 ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM Pub Date : 2024-04-01 Epub Date: 2024-01-11 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-023-09865-7
Rosalind Walmsley, Lynn Chong, Michael W Hii, Robyn M Brown, Priya Sumithran

Gastrointestinal nutrient sensing via taste receptors may contribute to weight loss, metabolic improvements, and a reduced preference for sweet and fatty foods following bariatric surgery. This review aimed to investigate the effect of bariatric surgery on the expression of oral and post-oral gastrointestinal taste receptors and associations between taste receptor alterations and clinical outcomes of bariatric surgery. A systematic review was conducted to capture data from both human and animal studies on changes in the expression of taste receptors in oral or post-oral gastrointestinal tissue following any type of bariatric surgery. Databases searched included Medline, Embase, Emcare, APA PsychInfo, Cochrane Library, and CINAHL. Two human and 21 animal studies were included. Bariatric surgery alters the quantity of many sweet, umami, and fatty acid taste receptors in the gastrointestinal tract. Changes to the expression of sweet and amino acid receptors occur most often in intestinal segments surgically repositioned more proximally, such as the alimentary limb after gastric bypass. Conversely, changes to fatty acid receptors were observed more frequently in the colon than in the small intestine. Significant heterogeneity in the methodology of included studies limited conclusions regarding the direction of change in taste receptor expression induced by bariatric surgeries. Few studies have investigated associations between taste receptor expression and clinical outcomes of bariatric surgery. As such, future studies should look to investigate the relationship between bariatric surgery-induced changes to gut taste receptor expression and function and the impact of surgery on taste preferences, food palatability, and eating behaviour.Registration code in PROSPERO: CRD42022313992.

通过味觉受体感知胃肠道营养可能有助于减肥、改善新陈代谢以及减少减肥手术后对甜食和油腻食物的偏好。本综述旨在研究减肥手术对口腔和口腔后胃肠道味觉受体表达的影响,以及味觉受体改变与减肥手术临床效果之间的关联。我们进行了一项系统性综述,从人类和动物研究中获取了有关任何类型减肥手术后口腔或口后胃肠道组织中味觉受体表达变化的数据。检索的数据库包括 Medline、Embase、Emcare、APA PsychInfo、Cochrane Library 和 CINAHL。其中包括两项人类研究和 21 项动物研究。减肥手术改变了胃肠道中许多甜味、鲜味和脂肪酸味觉受体的数量。甜味受体和氨基酸受体表达的改变最常发生在手术复位较近的肠段,如胃旁路术后的消化肢。相反,在结肠中观察到脂肪酸受体变化的频率高于小肠。纳入研究的方法存在显著的异质性,这限制了就减肥手术引起的味觉受体表达变化方向得出结论。很少有研究调查了味觉受体表达与减肥手术临床结果之间的关系。因此,未来的研究应着眼于调查减肥手术引起的肠道味觉受体表达和功能变化与手术对味觉偏好、食物适口性和饮食行为的影响之间的关系。
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引用次数: 0
Potential therapeutic strategies for osteoarthritis via CRISPR/Cas9 mediated gene editing. 通过 CRISPR/Cas9 介导的基因编辑治疗骨关节炎的潜在策略。
IF 6.9 2区 医学 Q1 ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM Pub Date : 2024-04-01 Epub Date: 2023-12-06 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-023-09860-y
Rexhina Vlashi, Xingen Zhang, Haibo Li, Guiqian Chen

Osteoarthritis (OA) is an incapacitating and one of the most common physically degenerative conditions with an assorted etiology and a highly complicated molecular mechanism that to date lacks an efficient treatment. The capacity to design biological networks and accurately modify existing genomic sites holds an apt potential for applications across medical and biotechnological sciences. One of these highly specific genomes editing technologies is the CRISPR/Cas9 mechanism, referred to as the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats, which is a defense mechanism constituted by CRISPR associated protein 9 (Cas9) directed by small non-coding RNAs (sncRNA) that bind to target DNA through Watson-Crick base pairing rules where subsequent repair of the target DNA is initiated. Up-to-date research has established the effectiveness of the CRISPR/Cas9 mechanism in targeting the genetic and epigenetic alterations in OA by suppressing or deleting gene expressions and eventually distributing distinctive anti-arthritic properties in both in vitro and in vivo osteoarthritic models. This review aims to epitomize the role of this high-throughput and multiplexed gene editing method as an analogous therapeutic strategy that could greatly facilitate the clinical development of OA-related treatments since it's reportedly an easy, minimally invasive technique, and a comparatively less painful method for osteoarthritic patients.

骨关节炎(OA)是一种致残性疾病,也是最常见的身体退化性疾病之一,其病因多种多样,分子机制极为复杂,至今仍缺乏有效的治疗方法。设计生物网络和精确修改现有基因组位点的能力为医学和生物技术科学的应用带来了巨大潜力。CRISPR/Cas9 机制是其中一种高度特异性的基因组编辑技术,被称为簇状规则间隔短回文重复序列,它是一种由 CRISPR 相关蛋白 9(Cas9)构成的防御机制,由小的非编码 RNA(sncRNA)引导,通过沃森-克里克碱基配对规则与目标 DNA 结合,随后启动对目标 DNA 的修复。最新的研究证实,CRISPR/Cas9 机制能有效针对 OA 的遗传和表观遗传学改变,抑制或删除基因表达,并最终在体外和体内骨关节炎模型中发挥独特的抗关节炎特性。据报道,这种高通量和多路复用的基因编辑方法是一种简便、微创的技术,而且对骨关节炎患者来说痛苦相对较小,因此它可以极大地促进 OA 相关治疗方法的临床开发。
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引用次数: 0
An update on the secretory functions of brown, white, and beige adipose tissue: Towards therapeutic applications. 棕色、白色和米色脂肪组织分泌功能的最新进展:走向治疗应用。
IF 6.9 2区 医学 Q1 ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM Pub Date : 2024-04-01 Epub Date: 2023-12-05 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-023-09850-0
Zeinab Ghesmati, Mohsen Rashid, Shabnam Fayezi, Frank Gieseler, Effat Alizadeh, Masoud Darabi

Adipose tissue, including white adipose tissue (WAT), brown adipose tissue (BAT), and beige adipose tissue, is vital in modulating whole-body energy metabolism. While WAT primarily stores energy, BAT dissipates energy as heat for thermoregulation. Beige adipose tissue is a hybrid form of adipose tissue that shares characteristics with WAT and BAT. Dysregulation of adipose tissue metabolism is linked to various disorders, including obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and infertility. Both brown and beige adipocytes secrete multiple molecules, such as batokines, packaged in extracellular vesicles or as soluble signaling molecules that play autocrine, paracrine, and endocrine roles. A greater understanding of the adipocyte secretome is essential for identifying novel molecular targets in treating metabolic disorders. Additionally, microRNAs show crucial roles in regulating adipose tissue differentiation and function, highlighting their potential as biomarkers for metabolic disorders. The browning of WAT has emerged as a promising therapeutic approach in treating obesity and associated metabolic disorders. Many browning agents have been identified, and nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems have been developed to enhance their efficacy. This review scrutinizes the characteristics of and differences between white, brown, and beige adipose tissues, the molecular mechanisms involved in the development of the adipocytes, the significant roles of batokines, and regulatory microRNAs active in different adipose tissues. Finally, the potential of WAT browning in treating obesity and atherosclerosis, the relationship of BAT with cancer and fertility disorders, and the crosstalk between adipose tissue with circadian system and circadian disorders are also investigated.

脂肪组织,包括白色脂肪组织(WAT)、棕色脂肪组织(BAT)和米色脂肪组织,对调节全身能量代谢至关重要。白色脂肪组织主要储存能量,而棕色脂肪组织则将能量转化为热量用于体温调节。米色脂肪组织是一种混合形式的脂肪组织,与 WAT 和 BAT 具有相同的特征。脂肪组织代谢失调与多种疾病有关,包括肥胖、2 型糖尿病、心血管疾病、癌症和不孕症。棕色和米色脂肪细胞都会分泌多种分子,如蝙蝠素,这些分子包装在细胞外囊泡中或作为可溶性信号分子,发挥自分泌、旁分泌和内分泌作用。进一步了解脂肪细胞分泌组对于确定治疗代谢紊乱的新分子靶点至关重要。此外,microRNAs 在调节脂肪组织分化和功能方面显示出至关重要的作用,突显了其作为代谢紊乱生物标志物的潜力。WAT褐变已成为治疗肥胖和相关代谢紊乱的一种很有前景的治疗方法。目前已确定了许多褐变剂,并开发了基于纳米技术的给药系统以提高其疗效。这篇综述仔细研究了白色、棕色和米色脂肪组织的特点和差异、脂肪细胞发育的分子机制、蝙蝠素的重要作用以及活跃于不同脂肪组织的调控微核糖核酸。最后,还研究了 WAT 褐化在治疗肥胖和动脉粥样硬化方面的潜力、BAT 与癌症和生育障碍的关系,以及脂肪组织与昼夜节律系统和昼夜节律紊乱之间的相互关系。
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引用次数: 0
The kisspeptin system in and beyond reproduction: exploring intricate pathways and potential links between endometriosis and polycystic ovary syndrome. 生殖中和生殖外的吻肽系统:探索子宫内膜异位症和多囊卵巢综合征之间错综复杂的途径和潜在联系。
IF 6.9 2区 医学 Q1 ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM Pub Date : 2024-04-01 Epub Date: 2023-07-28 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-023-09826-0
Noemi Salmeri, Paola Viganò, Paolo Cavoretto, Roberto Marci, Massimo Candiani

Endometriosis and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) are two common female reproductive disorders with a significant impact on the health and quality of life of women affected. A novel hypothesis by evolutionary biologists suggested that these two diseases are inversely related to one another, representing a pair of diametrical diseases in terms of opposite alterations in reproductive physiological processes but also contrasting phenotypic traits. However, to fully explain the phenotypic features observed in women with these conditions, we need to establish a potential nexus system between the reproductive system and general biological functions. The recent discovery of kisspeptin as pivotal mediator of internal and external inputs on the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis has led to a new understanding of the neuroendocrine upstream regulation of the human reproductive system. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on the physiological roles of kisspeptin in human reproduction, as well as its involvement in complex biological functions such as metabolism, inflammation and pain sensitivity. Importantly, these functions are known to be dysregulated in both PCOS and endometriosis. Within the evolving scientific field of "kisspeptinology", we critically discuss the clinical relevance of these discoveries and their potential translational applications in endometriosis and PCOS. By exploring the possibilities of manipulating this complex signaling system, we aim to pave the way for novel targeted therapies in these reproductive diseases.

子宫内膜异位症和多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)是两种常见的女性生殖系统疾病,对患病妇女的健康和生活质量有着重大影响。进化生物学家提出了一个新的假说,认为这两种疾病彼此成反比关系,是一对生殖生理过程改变相反但表型特征截然不同的二元疾病。然而,要充分解释在患有这些疾病的妇女身上观察到的表型特征,我们需要在生殖系统和一般生物功能之间建立一个潜在的联系系统。最近发现的吻肽(kisspeptin)是下丘脑-垂体-性腺轴内外输入的关键介质,这使我们对人类生殖系统的上游神经内分泌调控有了新的认识。在这篇综述中,我们总结了目前关于吻肽在人类生殖中的生理作用,以及它参与新陈代谢、炎症和痛觉敏感性等复杂生物功能的知识。重要的是,这些功能在多囊卵巢综合症和子宫内膜异位症中均存在失调。在不断发展的 "kisspeptinology "科学领域中,我们认真讨论了这些发现的临床意义及其在子宫内膜异位症和多囊卵巢综合症中的潜在转化应用。通过探索操纵这一复杂信号系统的可能性,我们旨在为这些生殖疾病的新型靶向疗法铺平道路。
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引用次数: 0
Epigenetic programming for obesity and noncommunicable disease: From womb to tomb. 肥胖和非传染性疾病的表观遗传编程:从子宫到坟墓。
IF 6.9 2区 医学 Q1 ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM Pub Date : 2024-04-01 Epub Date: 2023-12-02 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-023-09854-w
Lucas Paulo Jacinto Saavedra, Silvano Piovan, Veridiana Mota Moreira, Gessica Dutra Gonçalves, Anna Rebeka Oliveira Ferreira, Maiara Vanusa Guedes Ribeiro, Maria Natália Chimirri Peres, Douglas Lopes Almeida, Scarlett Rodrigues Raposo, Mariane Carneiro da Silva, Letícia Ferreira Barbosa, Paulo Cezar de Freitas Mathias

Several epidemiological, clinical and experimental studies in recent decades have shown the relationship between exposure to stressors during development and health outcomes later in life. The characterization of these susceptible phases, such as preconception, gestation, lactation and adolescence, and the understanding of factors that influence the risk of an adult individual for developing obesity, metabolic and cardiovascular diseases, is the focus of the DOHaD (Developmental Origins of Health and Disease) research line. In this sense, advancements in molecular biology techniques have contributed significantly to the understanding of the mechanisms underlying the observed phenotypes, their morphological and physiological alterations, having as a main driving factor the epigenetic modifications and their consequent modulation of gene expression. The present narrative review aimed to characterize the different susceptible phases of development and associated epigenetic modifications, and their implication in the development of non-communicable diseases. Additionally, we provide useful insights into interventions during development to counteract or prevent long-term programming for disease susceptibility.

近几十年来的几项流行病学、临床和实验研究表明,在发育期间接触压力源与生命后期的健康结果之间存在关系。这些易受影响的阶段,如孕前、妊娠、哺乳期和青春期的特征,以及对影响成人患肥胖症、代谢和心血管疾病风险的因素的理解,是DOHaD(健康和疾病的发育起源)研究线的重点。从这个意义上说,分子生物学技术的进步对理解所观察到的表型、形态和生理改变的机制做出了重大贡献,这些改变是表观遗传修饰及其随后的基因表达调节的主要驱动因素。本叙述性审查的目的是描述不同的易受影响的发展阶段和相关的表观遗传修饰,以及它们对非传染性疾病发展的影响。此外,我们还提供了在发展过程中干预措施的有用见解,以抵消或防止疾病易感性的长期规划。
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引用次数: 0
Efficacy and tolerability of somatostatin analogues according to gender in patients with neuroendocrine tumors. 根据神经内分泌肿瘤患者的性别划分体生长抑素类似物的疗效和耐受性。
IF 6.9 2区 医学 Q1 ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM Pub Date : 2024-04-01 Epub Date: 2023-12-05 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-023-09858-6
Rosaria M Ruggeri, Irene Aini, Stefano Gay, Erika Maria Grossrubatscher, Camilla Mancini, Maria Grazia Tarsitano, Virginia Zamponi, Andrea M Isidori, Annamaria Colao, Antongiulio Faggiano

As the incidence of neuroendocrine tumors has been rising, gender differences in epidemiology and clinical behavior have emerged, and interest into a gender-driven management of these tumors has grown with the aim to improve survival and quality of life of these patients. Somatostatin Analogues represent the first line of systemic treatment of both functional and non-functional neuroendocrine tumors, through the expression of somatostatin receptors (SSTRs) in the tumor cells, and proved effective in controlling hormonal hypersecretion and inhibiting tumor growth, improving progression-free survival and overall survival of these patients. Aim of the present review is to investigate any differences by gender in efficacy and safety of SSTS-targeted therapies, that represent the mainstay treatment of neuroendocrine tumors, as they emerge from studies of varying design and intent. Although preclinical studies have provided evidence in favor of differences by gender in tumor expression of SSTR, as well as of the role of sex hormones and related receptors in modulating SSTRs expression and function, the clinical studies conducted so far have not shown substantial differences between males and females in either efficacy or toxicity of SSTR-targeted therapies, even if with sometimes inconsistent results. Moreover, in most studies gender was not a predictor of response to treatment. Studies specifically designed to address this issue are needed to develop gender-specific therapeutic algorithms, improving patients' prognosis and quality of life.

随着神经内分泌肿瘤发病率的不断上升,流行病学和临床行为的性别差异已经显现,对这些肿瘤的性别驱动管理的兴趣越来越大,目的是提高这些患者的生存率和生活质量。生长抑素类似物通过在肿瘤细胞中表达生长抑素受体(SSTRs),成为功能性和非功能性神经内分泌肿瘤系统治疗的第一线药物,已被证明可有效控制激素高分泌,抑制肿瘤生长,提高患者的无进展生存期和总生存期。本综述的目的是调查ssts靶向治疗在疗效和安全性方面的性别差异,ssts靶向治疗是神经内分泌肿瘤的主要治疗方法,因为它们来自不同设计和意图的研究。尽管临床前研究已经提供了支持SSTR肿瘤表达的性别差异以及性激素和相关受体在调节SSTR表达和功能中的作用的证据,但迄今为止进行的临床研究尚未显示男性和女性在SSTR靶向治疗的疗效或毒性方面存在实质性差异,即使有时结果不一致。此外,在大多数研究中,性别并不是对治疗反应的预测因子。需要专门针对这一问题设计的研究,以开发针对性别的治疗算法,改善患者的预后和生活质量。
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引用次数: 0
Association between protein undernutrition and diabetes: Molecular implications in the reduction of insulin secretion. 蛋白质营养不良与糖尿病之间的关系:胰岛素分泌减少的分子意义。
IF 6.9 2区 医学 Q1 ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM Pub Date : 2024-04-01 Epub Date: 2023-12-04 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-023-09856-8
Thiago Dos Reis Araujo, Bruna Lourençoni Alves, Lohanna Monali Barreto Dos Santos, Luciana Mateus Gonçalves, Everardo Magalhães Carneiro

Undernutrition is still a recurring nutritional problem in low and middle-income countries. It is directly associated with the social and economic sphere, but it can also negatively impact the health of the population. In this sense, it is believed that undernourished individuals may be more susceptible to the development of non-communicable diseases, such as diabetes mellitus, throughout life. This hypothesis was postulated and confirmed until today by several studies that demonstrate that experimental models submitted to protein undernutrition present alterations in glycemic homeostasis linked, in part, to the reduction of insulin secretion. Therefore, understanding the changes that lead to a reduction in the secretion of this hormone is essential to prevent the development of diabetes in undernourished individuals. This narrative review aims to describe the main molecular changes already characterized in pancreatic β cells that will contribute to the reduction of insulin secretion in protein undernutrition. So, it will provide new perspectives and targets for postulation and action of therapeutic strategies to improve glycemic homeostasis during this nutritional deficiency.

在低收入和中等收入国家,营养不良仍然是一个反复出现的营养问题。它与社会和经济领域直接相关,但它也可能对人口的健康产生负面影响。从这个意义上说,人们认为营养不良的人一生中可能更容易患上非传染性疾病,如糖尿病。直到今天,这一假设被一些研究提出并证实,这些研究表明,蛋白质营养不良的实验模型出现了血糖稳态的改变,部分与胰岛素分泌减少有关。因此,了解导致这种激素分泌减少的变化对于预防营养不良个体患糖尿病至关重要。这篇叙述性综述的目的是描述已经在胰腺β细胞中表征的主要分子变化,这些变化将有助于减少蛋白质营养不良时胰岛素的分泌。因此,这将为改善营养缺乏症患者血糖稳态的治疗策略的设想和行动提供新的视角和靶点。
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Reviews in Endocrine & Metabolic Disorders
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