Restorative neurology and neuroscience最新文献_第3页

Etiology of Autism 自闭症的病因

4区医学 Q2 Medicine

Restorative neurology and neuroscience

Pub Date : 2023-09-30 DOI: 10.33425/2692-7918.1049

Gary Steinman

The causative factor for autism now appears to be a deficient supply of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF1 ) and vitamin D3 in many newborn and infants, thereby leading to persistently insufficient myelin in developing cranial nerves. Various malformed neurologic networks last into adulthood. Of particular concern is a pregnancy exposed to febrile viral conditions, where interleukins suppress IGF1 production. Breastfeeding of the newborn may be preventative in many such cases.

目前，自闭症的致病因素似乎是许多新生儿和婴儿体内胰岛素样生长因子-1 (IGF1)和维生素D3供应不足，从而导致脑神经发育中髓磷脂持续不足。各种畸形的神经网络会持续到成年。特别值得关注的是妊娠暴露于发热病毒条件下，白细胞介素抑制IGF1的产生。在许多这种情况下，新生儿的母乳喂养可能是预防性的。

引用次数: 0

Curing Classical Homocysteinuria with Pediatric in vitro engineered Liver Organoid Transplantation? 小儿体外工程肝类器官移植治疗经典同型半胱氨酸尿?

4区医学 Q2 Medicine

Restorative neurology and neuroscience

Pub Date : 2023-09-30 DOI: 10.33425/2692-7918.1047

Stefan Bittmann, Elisabeth Luchter, Lara Bittmann, Elena Moschüring-Alieva, Gloria Villalon

Organoids are groups of cells grown in the laboratory that have self- organized into cell structures resembling those of organs. The term "organoid" means "organ-like." In many cases, the cells and cell structures give organoids abilities similar to those of the organs they resemble. Brain organoids, for example, develop layers of nerve cells (neurons) with signaling activity and even "brain regions" that resemble areas of the human brain. Currently, organoids created by researchers may bear a strong resemblance to a fully mature organ in certain respects, but crucial differences still exist. Intestinal organoids have a variety of cellular structures that resemble parts of the intestinal mucosa, but are typically the size of a pea and thus not nearly as large or complex as our intestinal tract. But even though they are small, or do not correspond one hundred percent to entire organs, scientists can learn a lot from organoids. Experts believe that organoids represent the "next generation" of biological tools for research, drug development and medicine. Liver Organoid engineering could play an important role in treating and curing classic homocysteinuria in childhood by resetting the disturbed function of cystathion beta synthetase activity in the implanted organoid liver. This manuscript focus on liver organoid research to date with special attention to classic homocysteinuria in childhood.

类器官是在实验室中培养的细胞群，它们具有自组织成类似器官的细胞结构。“类器官”一词的意思是“类似器官”。在许多情况下，细胞和细胞结构赋予类器官与它们相似的器官相似的能力。例如，大脑类器官发育出具有信号活动的神经细胞层(神经元)，甚至是类似人类大脑区域的“大脑区域”。目前，研究人员创造的类器官在某些方面可能与完全成熟的器官非常相似，但仍存在关键差异。肠道类器官具有多种细胞结构，类似于肠粘膜的某些部分，但通常只有豌豆大小，因此不像我们的肠道那么大或复杂。但是，即使它们很小，或者不能百分之百地与整个器官相对应，科学家也可以从类器官中学到很多东西。专家认为，类器官代表了用于研究、药物开发和医学的“下一代”生物工具。肝脏类器官工程可以通过修复移植类器官肝脏胱胱甘肽合成酶活性紊乱的功能，在治疗儿童经典同型半胱氨酸尿中发挥重要作用。本手稿集中于肝类器官的研究，特别关注儿童经典同型半胱氨酸尿。

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引用次数: 0

The Role of Mirror Neuron System (MNS) in Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) 镜像神经元系统(MNS)在自闭症谱系障碍中的作用

IF 2.8 4区医学 Q2 Medicine

Restorative neurology and neuroscience

Pub Date : 2023-03-30 DOI: 10.33425/2692-7918.1042

M. Nabizadeh

The Mirror Neuron System (MNS) is a group of specialized neurons that discharge when an individual performs an action or observes another individual performing the same activity. This system is divided into two principal hubs; the premotor area in the frontal lobe and inferior parietal lobule(IPL). Mirror neurons play an essential role fundamentally in human social interaction, such as action observation, imitation, understanding the emotions of others, and a myriad of other sophisticated human behavior and thought processes as well as the theory of mind. Since people with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) have disorders and defects in communication, social interaction, the theory of mind, etc . So it can be suggested that defects in the mirror neuron system (MNS) may be linked to disorders like ASD and also play an essential role in this phenomenon. In this review, we discuss this connection.

镜像神经元系统(MNS)是一组特殊的神经元，当一个人执行一个动作或观察到另一个人执行相同的活动时，它们会放电。该系统分为两个主要枢纽;额叶和顶叶下叶(IPL)的运动前区。镜像神经元在人类社会互动中起着至关重要的作用，比如行为观察、模仿、理解他人的情绪，以及无数其他复杂的人类行为和思维过程，以及心理理论。由于自闭症谱系障碍(ASD)患者在沟通、社会互动、心理理论等方面存在障碍和缺陷。因此，镜像神经元系统(MNS)的缺陷可能与ASD等疾病有关，并且在这种现象中起着重要作用。在本文中，我们将讨论这种联系。

引用次数: 0

External Frontal Sinostomy to Drain Frontal Lobe Abscess 额外窦造口引流额叶脓肿

IF 2.8 4区医学 Q2 Medicine

Restorative neurology and neuroscience

Pub Date : 2023-03-30 DOI: 10.33425/2692-7918.1046

Sudhir B. Sharma, Gabriel Avalos, Donyale Cappell,, Samridh Sharma

A case of frontal sinusitis with osteomyelitis of its posterior wall producing frontal lobe brain abscess is presented, whereby the posterior wall dehiscence was exposed by external sinostomy by an ENT surgeon and then, through the dehiscence, the abscess was drained by a neurosurgeon. This is an uncommon technique of draining a frontal lobe brain abscess where no frontal bone craniotomy was required. This approach yields the least damage to the cerebral tissue as the frontal abscess was very close to posterior wall of frontal sinus and drain has to travel through minimal intracerebral distance.

本文报告一例额窦炎合并后壁骨髓炎导致额叶脑脓肿的病例，耳鼻喉外科医生通过外窦造口术暴露后壁裂口，然后由神经外科医生通过裂口引流脓肿。这是一种不需要额骨开颅的额叶脑脓肿引流术。该入路对脑组织的损伤最小，因为额窦脓肿非常靠近额窦后壁，引流需要经过最小的脑内距离。

引用次数: 0

Depression in Older Adults - A Review 老年人抑郁症-综述

IF 2.8 4区医学 Q2 Medicine

Restorative neurology and neuroscience

Pub Date : 2023-03-30 DOI: 10.33425/2692-7918.1044

Ke Zhou, S. Tan, Shiela P Arroyo, Si Ching Lim

The prevalence of major depressive disorder (MDD) is estimated to be 13.3%, while depressive symptoms are estimated to occur in 28.4% of older adults. A range of medical, functional, and psychosocial risk factors contribute to depression in this population. Depression in older adults may present differently than in younger adults with more physical complaints. Diagnosis becomes even more challenging in the presence of delirium and dementia, which often overlap in an older adult with MDD. It is important to assess suicide risks in older adults with depressive symptoms. Psychotherapy is recommended for mild to moderate depression, while antidepressants should be considered for severe depression or when psychotherapy is not available. Careful monitoring of side effects is important in older adults due to reduced physiological reserves.

重度抑郁症(MDD)的患病率估计为13.3%，而抑郁症状估计发生在28.4%的老年人中。一系列的医疗、功能和社会心理风险因素导致了这一人群的抑郁症。老年人抑郁症的表现可能与年轻人不同，他们有更多的身体不适。在谵妄和痴呆的情况下，诊断变得更具挑战性，这在老年重度抑郁症患者中经常重叠。评估有抑郁症状的老年人的自杀风险很重要。轻度至中度抑郁症建议使用心理治疗，而重度抑郁症或心理治疗无效时应考虑使用抗抑郁药。由于生理储备减少，对老年人的副作用进行仔细监测很重要。

引用次数: 0

Diabetes Insipidus And The Unsuspected Capacity Of Human Body To Dissociate The Water Molecule, Like Plants: Case Report 尿崩症与人体像植物一样解离水分子的不可思议的能力:病例报告

IF 2.8 4区医学 Q2 Medicine

Restorative neurology and neuroscience

Pub Date : 2023-03-30 DOI: 10.33425/2692-7918.1045

A. Herrera, María del Carmen Arias Esparza, Ruth I Solís Arias

Central diabetes insipidus (CDI) is the result of several conditions that affect the hypothalamicneurohypophysis system. Diabetes insipidus is a disease in which large volumes of dilute urine (polyuria) are excreted due to vasopressin (AVP) deficiency [central diabetes insipidus (CDI)]. These adipsic CDI patients are treated with desmopressin and adjusting the amount of daily water intake based on body weight measurement; but controlling the water balance is extremely difficult, and morbidity and mortality are shown to be high in these patients. However, the discovery of the intrinsic property of melanin to dissociate the water molecule marks a before and after in the diagnostic, study, and treatment of patients affected by Central diabetes insipidus. Working on eumelanin has usually been regarded as an intriguing, though sometimes frustrating experience. The molecular mechanism by which eumelanin dissipates the radiation it absorbs was not known until we discovered it (water dissociation) in 2002, during an observational study that began in 1990 and ended in 2002. The working hypothesis was to try to correlate the anatomical characteristics of the blood vessels that enter and leave the optic nerve and the three main causes of blindness in the world. This study allowed us to identify the unsuspected capacity of the human body to transform the energy of sunlight into chemical energy, through the dissociation of the water molecule, as in plants.

中枢性尿崩症(CDI)是影响下丘脑神经垂体系统的几种情况的结果。尿崩症是一种由于抗利尿素(AVP)缺乏而排出大量稀尿(多尿)的疾病[中枢性尿崩症(CDI)]。这些肥胖的CDI患者接受去氨加压素治疗，并根据体重测量调整每日饮水量;但控制水分平衡是极其困难的，这些患者的发病率和死亡率都很高。然而，黑色素解离水分子的内在特性的发现，标志着中枢性尿崩症患者的诊断、研究和治疗的前前后后。研究真黑素通常被认为是一种有趣的经历，尽管有时令人沮丧。直到2002年我们在一项从1990年开始到2002年结束的观察研究中发现了真黑素消散它所吸收的辐射的分子机制(水解离)，我们才知道它。工作的假设是试图将进入和离开视神经的血管的解剖特征与世界上失明的三种主要原因联系起来。这项研究让我们认识到人体有一种意想不到的能力，即通过水分子的解离，将太阳光的能量转化为化学能，就像在植物中一样。

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引用次数: 0

Length of Disease More than Therapy Impacts Anxiety and Depression in Multiple Sclerosis 病程长短对多发性硬化症患者焦虑和抑郁的影响大于治疗

IF 2.8 4区医学 Q2 Medicine

Restorative neurology and neuroscience

Pub Date : 2023-03-30 DOI: 10.33425/2692-7918.1043

P. McLaughlin, L. Odom, P. Arnett, G. Thomas, Shannon Orehek, I. Zagon

Persons with multiple sclerosis (PwMS) often report a reduced quality of life related to their anxiety and depression associated with the biological unknowns of MS. The COVID-19 pandemic increased the risk of anxiety due to the uncertainties related to vaccine efficacy and immune-suppressing disease-modifying therapies. PwMS were recruited from the Neurology Clinic of the Penn State Hershey Medical Center and asked to complete a demographic questionnaire and surveys on depression (MS-Beck Depression Inventory, MS-BDI) and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). The rationale for the study is to determine whether treatment modalities, age, and length of disease impacted anxiety and/or depression in PwMS. Data from 150 participants were included in the analyses. The overall mean age was 54.6 years with a 3.7:1 female:male ratio and mean length of disease of approximately 17 years. Mean scores of the HADS-D, and high scores (> 8) were 4.68 ± 0.3 and 10.0 ± 0.32, respectively, with no differences between males and females. The mean HADS-A score was 6.15 ± 0.36 with significant differences recorded between male and females. The mean high HADS-A score was 10.77 ± 0.40, with no differences between sexes. The mean MS-BDI score was 4.15 ± 0.7 with no differences between males and females. Analyses of anxiety scores in relationship to length of disease revealed no differences between males and females. Anxiety scores did not differ for PwMS on different disease-modifying therapies. In conclusion, the number of years that PwMS had the disease impacted anxiety levels more than the age or treatment regimen..

多发性硬化症(PwMS)患者经常报告生活质量下降，这与他们的焦虑和抑郁有关，这与ms的生物学未知因素有关。COVID-19大流行增加了焦虑的风险，因为疫苗疗效和免疫抑制疾病修饰疗法存在不确定性。研究人员从宾夕法尼亚州立好时医学中心神经病学门诊招募了PwMS，并要求他们完成人口统计问卷和抑郁调查(MS-Beck抑郁量表，MS-BDI)和医院焦虑和抑郁量表(HADS)。该研究的基本原理是确定治疗方式、年龄和疾病持续时间是否会影响PwMS患者的焦虑和/或抑郁。来自150名参与者的数据被纳入分析。总体平均年龄为54.6岁，男女比例为3.7:1，平均病程约为17年。HADS-D平均评分为4.68±0.3分，高分(> 8分)为10.0±0.32分，男女差异无统计学意义。平均HADS-A评分为6.15±0.36，男女差异有统计学意义。平均HADS-A高分为10.77±0.40，性别差异无统计学意义。MS-BDI平均评分为4.15±0.7，男女差异无统计学意义。焦虑得分与疾病长度的关系分析显示，男性和女性之间没有差异。不同疾病改善疗法对PwMS患者的焦虑评分没有差异。总之，PwMS患病年数对焦虑水平的影响大于年龄或治疗方案。

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引用次数: 0

A novel digital approach for post-stroke cognitive deficits: a pilot study. 针对中风后认知障碍的新型数字方法：一项试点研究。

IF 2.8 4区医学 Q2 Medicine

Restorative neurology and neuroscience

Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.3233/RNN-231305

Massimiliano Oliveri, Sergio Bagnato, Silvia Rizzo, Emilia Imbornone, Andreina Giustiniani, Angela Catania, Patrizia Turriziani

Background: Cognitive dysfunctions after a brain stroke have a huge impact on patients' disability and activities of daily living. Prism adaptation (PA) is currently used in patients with right brain damage to improve lateralized spatial attentional deficits. Recent findings suggest that PA could also be useful for rehabilitation of other cognitive functions.

Objective: In the present study, we tested for the efficacy on cognitive rehabilitation of a novel device in which the procedure of prism adaptation is digitized and followed by cognitive training of attention and executive functions using serious games.

Methods: Thirty stroke patients were randomly assigned to two groups: an experimental group of 15 patients, which performed the experimental rehabilitation training using the novel device in 10 consecutive daily sessions; a control group of 15 patients, which performed the routine cognitive training in 10 consecutive daily sessions. Both groups were tested before and after the rehabilitation program on neuropsychological tests (digit and spatial span forward and backward, attentional matrices, Stroop task) and on functional scales (Barthel index and Beck Anxiety Index).

Results: The main results showed that only patients who received the experimental rehabilitation training improved their scores on tests of digit span forward, spatial span backward, attentional matrices and Stroop. Moreover, patients of the experimental but not of the control group showed a significant correlation between improvement on some tasks (mainly spatial span backward) and improvement on activities of daily living as well as with reduction of anxiety levels.

Conclusions: These results suggest that combining digital PA with cognitive training using serious games may be added in clinical settings for cognitive rehabilitation of stroke patients, with beneficial effects extending in promoting independency in activities of daily living and reduction of psychiatric symptoms.

背景：脑卒中后的认知功能障碍对患者的残疾和日常生活有很大影响。棱镜适应（PA）目前用于右脑受损患者，以改善侧向空间注意力缺陷。最近的研究结果表明，棱镜适应也可用于其他认知功能的康复：在本研究中，我们测试了一种新型设备对认知康复的疗效，该设备将棱镜适应过程数字化，然后利用严肃游戏对注意力和执行功能进行认知训练：将 30 名脑卒中患者随机分为两组：实验组 15 人，每天连续 10 次使用新型设备进行实验性康复训练；对照组 15 人，每天连续 10 次进行常规认知训练。两组患者在康复计划前后均接受了神经心理学测试（数字和空间跨度正向和反向、注意力矩阵、Stroop任务）和功能量表（巴特尔指数和贝克焦虑指数）：主要结果显示，只有接受实验康复训练的患者在数字跨度前向、空间跨度后向、注意力矩阵和 Stroop 测试中的得分有所提高。此外，实验组（而非对照组）患者在某些任务（主要是空间跨度向后）上的进步与日常生活活动的改善以及焦虑水平的降低之间存在显著相关性：这些结果表明，在临床环境中，可将数字 PA 与严肃游戏认知训练相结合，用于脑卒中患者的认知康复，并在促进日常生活活动的独立性和减少精神症状方面产生有益影响。

{"title":"A novel digital approach for post-stroke cognitive deficits: a pilot study.","authors":"Massimiliano Oliveri, Sergio Bagnato, Silvia Rizzo, Emilia Imbornone, Andreina Giustiniani, Angela Catania, Patrizia Turriziani","doi":"10.3233/RNN-231305","DOIUrl":"10.3233/RNN-231305","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Cognitive dysfunctions after a brain stroke have a huge impact on patients' disability and activities of daily living. Prism adaptation (PA) is currently used in patients with right brain damage to improve lateralized spatial attentional deficits. Recent findings suggest that PA could also be useful for rehabilitation of other cognitive functions.Objective: In the present study, we tested for the efficacy on cognitive rehabilitation of a novel device in which the procedure of prism adaptation is digitized and followed by cognitive training of attention and executive functions using serious games.Methods: Thirty stroke patients were randomly assigned to two groups: an experimental group of 15 patients, which performed the experimental rehabilitation training using the novel device in 10 consecutive daily sessions; a control group of 15 patients, which performed the routine cognitive training in 10 consecutive daily sessions. Both groups were tested before and after the rehabilitation program on neuropsychological tests (digit and spatial span forward and backward, attentional matrices, Stroop task) and on functional scales (Barthel index and Beck Anxiety Index).Results: The main results showed that only patients who received the experimental rehabilitation training improved their scores on tests of digit span forward, spatial span backward, attentional matrices and Stroop. Moreover, patients of the experimental but not of the control group showed a significant correlation between improvement on some tasks (mainly spatial span backward) and improvement on activities of daily living as well as with reduction of anxiety levels.Conclusions: These results suggest that combining digital PA with cognitive training using serious games may be added in clinical settings for cognitive rehabilitation of stroke patients, with beneficial effects extending in promoting independency in activities of daily living and reduction of psychiatric symptoms.","PeriodicalId":21130,"journal":{"name":"Restorative neurology and neuroscience","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9895058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Analysis of hippocampus in rats with acute brain ischemia-reperfusion injury treated with leuprolide acetate, an agonist of GnRH. 用醋酸亮丙瑞林（一种 GnRH 激动剂）治疗急性脑缺血再灌注损伤大鼠的海马分析。

IF 2.8 4区医学 Q2 Medicine

Restorative neurology and neuroscience

Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.3233/RNN-221286

Rosario Montoya-García, Valeria Fernández-Vargas, Karla Nalini Albor-Martínez, Alicia Martínez-Martínez, Irma Hernández-Jasso, Andrés Quintanar-Stephano, Denisse Calderón-Vallejo, J Luis Quintanar

Background: The hippocampus is highly vulnerable to damage in the brain ischemia-reperfusion injury model. Leuprolide acetate has been shown to promote neurological recovery after injury in various regions of the central nervous system.

Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the histology of the hippocampus and the expression of neuronal recovery markers, specifically the 200 kDa neurofilaments and the myelin basic protein, in rats with brain ischemia-reperfusion injury treated with leuprolide acetate.

Methods: The rats were divided into three groups: Sham, ischemia-reperfusion with saline solution, and ischemia-reperfusion treated with leuprolide acetate. Coronal brain slices were obtained and stained with hematoxylin-eosin. The histological analysis involved quantifying the number of neurons in the hippocampal regions CA1, CA3 and DG. The myelin basic protein and neurofilaments were quantified using western blot.

Results: The number of neurons in CA1 and DG was significantly higher in the leuprolide acetate group compared to the untreated group. Additionally, the expression of neurofilament and myelin basic protein markers was significantly increased in rats treated with leuprolide acetate compared to the untreated rats.

Conclusions: Leuprolide acetate promotes the recovery of hippocampal neurons in an acute brain ischemia-reperfusion injury model. These findings suggest that leuprolide acetate could be a potential therapeutic intervention for reversing damage in hippocampal ischemic lesions.

背景：在脑缺血再灌注损伤模型中，海马极易受到损伤。醋酸亮丙瑞林已被证明可促进中枢神经系统各区域损伤后的神经功能恢复：本研究旨在评估使用醋酸亮丙瑞林治疗的脑缺血再灌注损伤大鼠的海马组织学和神经元恢复标志物（尤其是 200 kDa 神经丝和髓鞘碱性蛋白）的表达情况：大鼠分为三组：方法：将大鼠分为三组：假阴性组、使用生理盐水进行缺血再灌注组和使用醋酸亮丙瑞林进行缺血再灌注组。获取冠状脑切片并用苏木精-伊红染色。组织学分析包括量化海马 CA1、CA3 和 DG 区的神经元数量。结果显示，CA1、CA3 和 DG 区的神经元数量明显增加：醋酸亮丙瑞林组 CA1 和 DG 的神经元数量明显高于未治疗组。此外，醋酸亮丙瑞林治疗组大鼠的神经丝蛋白和髓鞘碱性蛋白标记物的表达也明显高于未治疗组大鼠：结论：醋酸亮丙瑞林可促进急性脑缺血再灌注损伤模型中海马神经元的恢复。这些研究结果表明，醋酸亮丙瑞林可能是逆转海马缺血性损伤的一种潜在治疗干预措施。

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引用次数: 0

EMG Testing throughout behavioral recovery after rat sciatic nerve crush injury results in exuberant motoneuron dendritic hypertrophy. 在大鼠坐骨神经挤压伤后行为恢复的整个过程中进行肌电图测试，结果显示运动神经元树突肥大。

IF 2.8 4区医学 Q2 Medicine

Restorative neurology and neuroscience

Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.3233/RNN-231379

Rena M Meadows, Sarah M E V Richards, Michelle R Kitsis, Todd J Brown, Kathy J Jones, Dale R Sengelaub

Background: Peripheral nerve injury (PNI) is the most common type of nerve trauma yet, while injured motoneurons exhibit a robust capacity for regeneration, behavioral recovery is protracted and typically poor. Neurotherapeutic approaches to PNI and repair have primarily focused on the enhancement of axonal regeneration, in terms of rate, axonal sprouting, and reconnection connectivity. Both electrical stimulation (ES) and treatment with androgens [e.g., testosterone propionate (TP)] have been demonstrated to enhance axonal sprouting, regeneration rate and functional recovery following PNI. To date, very little work has been done to examine the effects of ES and/or TP on dendritic morphology and organization within the spinal cord after PNI.

Objective: The objective of the current study was to examine the impact of treatment with TP and ES, alone or in combination, on the dendritic arbor of spinal motoneurons after target disconnection via sciatic nerve crush injury in the rat.

Methods: Rats received a crush injury to the sciatic nerve. Following injury, some animals received either (1) no further treatment beyond implantation with empty Silastic capsules, (2) electrical nerve stimulation immediately after injury, (3) implantation with Silastic capsules filled with TP, or (4) electrical nerve stimulation immediately after injury as well as implantation with TP. All of these groups of axotomized animals also received bi-weekly electromyography (EMG) testing. Additional groups of intact untreated animals as well as a group of injured animals who received no further treatment or EMG testing were also included. Eight weeks after injury, motoneurons innervating the anterior tibialis muscle were labeled with cholera toxin-conjugated horseradish peroxidase, and dendritic arbors were reconstructed in three dimensions.

Results: After nerve crush and ES and/or TP treatment, motoneurons innervating the anterior tibialis underwent marked dendritic hypertrophy. Surprisingly, this dendritic hypertrophy occurred in all animals receiving repeated bi-weekly EMG testing, regardless of treatment. When the EMG testing was eliminated, the dendritic arbor extent and distribution after nerve crush in the treated groups did not significantly differ from intact untreated animals.

Conclusions: The ability of repeated EMG testing to so dramatically affect central plasticity following a peripheral nerve injury was unexpected. It was also unexpected that gonadal steroid hormones and/or ES, two neurotherapeutic approaches with demonstrated molecular/behavioral changes consistent with peripheral improvements in axonal repair and target reconnection, do not appear to impact central plasticity in a similar manner. The significance of peripheral EMG testing and resulting central plasticity reorganization remains to be determined.

背景：周围神经损伤（PNI）是最常见的神经创伤类型，然而，虽然受伤的运动神经元表现出强大的再生能力，但行为恢复却旷日持久，而且通常效果不佳。针对神经损伤和修复的神经治疗方法主要集中在提高轴突再生的速度、轴突萌发和重新连接的连通性方面。电刺激（ES）和雄性激素（如丙酸睾酮（TP））治疗均被证明可增强轴突萌发、再生率和 PNI 后的功能恢复。迄今为止，很少有人研究 ES 和/或 TP 对 PNI 后脊髓内树突形态和组织的影响：本研究的目的是研究大鼠坐骨神经挤压伤后，单独或联合使用 TP 和 ES 治疗对脊髓运动神经元树突轴的影响：方法：大鼠坐骨神经受到挤压伤。方法：大鼠坐骨神经挤压伤后，一些动物接受了以下治疗：(1) 除植入空硅胶囊外不再接受其他治疗；(2) 伤后立即接受神经电刺激；(3) 植入填充有 TP 的硅胶囊；或 (4) 伤后立即接受神经电刺激并植入 TP。所有这些轴切动物组都接受了每两周一次的肌电图（EMG）测试。另外还包括未接受治疗的完整动物组，以及未接受进一步治疗或肌电图测试的受伤动物组。受伤八周后，用霍乱毒素结合辣根过氧化物酶标记支配胫骨前肌的运动神经元，并重建树突轴的三维结构：结果：经过神经挤压和 ES 和/或 TP 处理后，支配胫骨前肌的运动神经元发生了明显的树突肥大。令人惊讶的是，所有接受每两周一次重复肌电图测试的动物都出现了树突肥大，与治疗无关。取消肌电图测试后，接受治疗组动物神经压迫后树突轴的范围和分布与未接受治疗的完整动物没有显著差异：结论：重复肌电图测试能够如此显著地影响周围神经损伤后的中枢可塑性，这一点出乎意料。结论：重复肌电图测试能够如此显著地影响周围神经损伤后的中枢可塑性，这也是出乎意料的。性腺类固醇激素和/或 ES 是两种神经治疗方法，其分子/行为变化与周围轴突修复和目标重新连接的改善相一致，但似乎不会以类似的方式影响中枢可塑性。外周肌电图测试和由此产生的中枢可塑性重组的意义仍有待确定。

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引用次数: 0