Objective: Migraine is a very common,recurring, usually unilateral, severe, pulsating, and transient headache disorder, which causes temporary disability. Migraine has two main types: with aura and without aura. Abnormal retinal and optic disc pathologies in migraine patients were previously reported by using optical coherence tomography (OCT) and optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). In the present study, it was suggested that the changes foundin the retina and optic disc mightindicate a functional disorder in chronic (with and without aura) and episodic (with and without aura) migraine. It is also emphasized that these changes might be useful for early diagnosis and follow-up of the disease, as well as for the development of new treatments. Method: In total, 60 individuals were involved in the present study, including 28 chronic migraine patients (24 female, 4 male, 16 with aura, 12 without aura) and 32 episodic migraine patients (26 female, 6 male, 21 with aura, 11 without aura), who were diagnosed with migraine and whose migraine types were determinedby using the criteria set by the International Headache Society (IHS) in 2013. The control group consisted of 48 healthy volunteers (34 female, 14 male) aged between 18 and 45 years, who applied to the ophthalmology clinic. The retinas and optic discs of the patients were examined by optical coherence tomography (OCT) and optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) at our ophthalmology clinic. A double-blind randomized analysis was performed for the patient data and the data were compared to control group data of similar gender and age groups. Results: Examining the demographic data, no statistically significant difference was found between the migraine patients and the healthy controls in terms of age, gender, migraine history, and migraine type. However, using Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT), it was determined that the mean vertical and horizontal cup-to-disk (c/d) ratios at the optic disc were significantly impaired in patients compared to the control group. Moreover, using Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography (OCTA), significant reductions in vessel density (VD) were detected in the foveal, parafoveal, perifoveal areas and in the superficial and deep capillary plexuses (SCP and DCP) of the patients. Conclusion: It is thought that these findings might be associated with a vasculopathy developing due to a pathology in the autonomic nervous system or impairments in the cerebral, ocular, or systemic circulation. The authors believe that the results achieved in the present study could be useful in the diagnosis, monitoring, and treatment of the disease.
{"title":"Evaluation of the Retina and Optic Discs of Patients with Chronic and Episodic Migraine using Optical Coherence Tomography and Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography","authors":"Buket Yılmaz,, Ali Karnaz","doi":"10.33425/2692-7918.1048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33425/2692-7918.1048","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Migraine is a very common,recurring, usually unilateral, severe, pulsating, and transient headache disorder, which causes temporary disability. Migraine has two main types: with aura and without aura. Abnormal retinal and optic disc pathologies in migraine patients were previously reported by using optical coherence tomography (OCT) and optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). In the present study, it was suggested that the changes foundin the retina and optic disc mightindicate a functional disorder in chronic (with and without aura) and episodic (with and without aura) migraine. It is also emphasized that these changes might be useful for early diagnosis and follow-up of the disease, as well as for the development of new treatments. Method: In total, 60 individuals were involved in the present study, including 28 chronic migraine patients (24 female, 4 male, 16 with aura, 12 without aura) and 32 episodic migraine patients (26 female, 6 male, 21 with aura, 11 without aura), who were diagnosed with migraine and whose migraine types were determinedby using the criteria set by the International Headache Society (IHS) in 2013. The control group consisted of 48 healthy volunteers (34 female, 14 male) aged between 18 and 45 years, who applied to the ophthalmology clinic. The retinas and optic discs of the patients were examined by optical coherence tomography (OCT) and optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) at our ophthalmology clinic. A double-blind randomized analysis was performed for the patient data and the data were compared to control group data of similar gender and age groups. Results: Examining the demographic data, no statistically significant difference was found between the migraine patients and the healthy controls in terms of age, gender, migraine history, and migraine type. However, using Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT), it was determined that the mean vertical and horizontal cup-to-disk (c/d) ratios at the optic disc were significantly impaired in patients compared to the control group. Moreover, using Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography (OCTA), significant reductions in vessel density (VD) were detected in the foveal, parafoveal, perifoveal areas and in the superficial and deep capillary plexuses (SCP and DCP) of the patients. Conclusion: It is thought that these findings might be associated with a vasculopathy developing due to a pathology in the autonomic nervous system or impairments in the cerebral, ocular, or systemic circulation. The authors believe that the results achieved in the present study could be useful in the diagnosis, monitoring, and treatment of the disease.","PeriodicalId":21130,"journal":{"name":"Restorative neurology and neuroscience","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136276811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Burzynski Stanislaw, Burzynski Gregory,, Janicki Tomasz, Beenken Samuel
Rationale: Anaplastic astrocytoma (AA), a malignant brain tumor that arises from astrocytic cells, has a poor prognosis. It accounts for 6–7% of gliomas and 1-2% of brain tumors. Objectives: A 31-year and 11-month-old female with an AA is presented to discuss the efficacy of Antineoplastons A10 (Atengenal) and AS2-1 (Astugenal) in the treatment of AA. She presented to the Burzynski Clinic (BC) for treatment and was enrolled in Protocol BT-08, “Phase II Study of Antineoplastons A10 and AS2-1 in Adult Patients with Anaplastic Astrocytoma”, receiving both intravenous (IV) and oral Antineoplastons A10 and AS2-1 (ANP therapy). IV ANP therapy was delivered continuously via subclavian catheter and infusion pump. Tumor response was determined by comparison of baseline brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to sequential brain MRIs during therapy. Findings: The patient presented to the BC with no prior treatment and a one-month history of right arm clumsiness and right leg weakness. Brain MRI and stereotactic biopsy performed elsewhere had demonstrated an AA. Baseline MRI at the BC showed a 2.0 cm2 nonenhancing lesion and two enhancing lesions (0.02 cm2 and 0.15 cm2 ) in the left parietal lobe. IV ANP therapy was given over 56 days, and a complete response (CR) was demonstrated after one month of therapy. Oral ANP therapy was subsequently provided for 17 months. At last follow-up, in June 2023, the patient was healthy and showed no evidence of recurrent disease. She had an overall survival (OS) of > 23 years and one month since diagnosis and an OS of > 23 years since the start of IV ANP therapy. Conclusions: The utilization of ANP therapy in an adult female patient with AA is presented. The patient achieved a CR and prolonged OS, suggesting that ANP therapy may be an effective therapeutic option for adults with AA.
{"title":"Newly Diagnosed Anaplastic Astrocytoma: > 23 Year Survival in a 31-Year and 11-Month-Old Female Treated with Antineoplastons","authors":"Burzynski Stanislaw, Burzynski Gregory,, Janicki Tomasz, Beenken Samuel","doi":"10.33425/2692-7918.1051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33425/2692-7918.1051","url":null,"abstract":"Rationale: Anaplastic astrocytoma (AA), a malignant brain tumor that arises from astrocytic cells, has a poor prognosis. It accounts for 6–7% of gliomas and 1-2% of brain tumors. Objectives: A 31-year and 11-month-old female with an AA is presented to discuss the efficacy of Antineoplastons A10 (Atengenal) and AS2-1 (Astugenal) in the treatment of AA. She presented to the Burzynski Clinic (BC) for treatment and was enrolled in Protocol BT-08, “Phase II Study of Antineoplastons A10 and AS2-1 in Adult Patients with Anaplastic Astrocytoma”, receiving both intravenous (IV) and oral Antineoplastons A10 and AS2-1 (ANP therapy). IV ANP therapy was delivered continuously via subclavian catheter and infusion pump. Tumor response was determined by comparison of baseline brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to sequential brain MRIs during therapy. Findings: The patient presented to the BC with no prior treatment and a one-month history of right arm clumsiness and right leg weakness. Brain MRI and stereotactic biopsy performed elsewhere had demonstrated an AA. Baseline MRI at the BC showed a 2.0 cm2 nonenhancing lesion and two enhancing lesions (0.02 cm2 and 0.15 cm2 ) in the left parietal lobe. IV ANP therapy was given over 56 days, and a complete response (CR) was demonstrated after one month of therapy. Oral ANP therapy was subsequently provided for 17 months. At last follow-up, in June 2023, the patient was healthy and showed no evidence of recurrent disease. She had an overall survival (OS) of > 23 years and one month since diagnosis and an OS of > 23 years since the start of IV ANP therapy. Conclusions: The utilization of ANP therapy in an adult female patient with AA is presented. The patient achieved a CR and prolonged OS, suggesting that ANP therapy may be an effective therapeutic option for adults with AA.","PeriodicalId":21130,"journal":{"name":"Restorative neurology and neuroscience","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136276619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The causative factor for autism now appears to be a deficient supply of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF1 ) and vitamin D3 in many newborn and infants, thereby leading to persistently insufficient myelin in developing cranial nerves. Various malformed neurologic networks last into adulthood. Of particular concern is a pregnancy exposed to febrile viral conditions, where interleukins suppress IGF1 production. Breastfeeding of the newborn may be preventative in many such cases.
{"title":"Etiology of Autism","authors":"Gary Steinman","doi":"10.33425/2692-7918.1049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33425/2692-7918.1049","url":null,"abstract":"The causative factor for autism now appears to be a deficient supply of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF1 ) and vitamin D3 in many newborn and infants, thereby leading to persistently insufficient myelin in developing cranial nerves. Various malformed neurologic networks last into adulthood. Of particular concern is a pregnancy exposed to febrile viral conditions, where interleukins suppress IGF1 production. Breastfeeding of the newborn may be preventative in many such cases.","PeriodicalId":21130,"journal":{"name":"Restorative neurology and neuroscience","volume":"62 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136276620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Stefan Bittmann, Elisabeth Luchter, Lara Bittmann, Elena Moschüring-Alieva, Gloria Villalon
Organoids are groups of cells grown in the laboratory that have self- organized into cell structures resembling those of organs. The term "organoid" means "organ-like." In many cases, the cells and cell structures give organoids abilities similar to those of the organs they resemble. Brain organoids, for example, develop layers of nerve cells (neurons) with signaling activity and even "brain regions" that resemble areas of the human brain. Currently, organoids created by researchers may bear a strong resemblance to a fully mature organ in certain respects, but crucial differences still exist. Intestinal organoids have a variety of cellular structures that resemble parts of the intestinal mucosa, but are typically the size of a pea and thus not nearly as large or complex as our intestinal tract. But even though they are small, or do not correspond one hundred percent to entire organs, scientists can learn a lot from organoids. Experts believe that organoids represent the "next generation" of biological tools for research, drug development and medicine. Liver Organoid engineering could play an important role in treating and curing classic homocysteinuria in childhood by resetting the disturbed function of cystathion beta synthetase activity in the implanted organoid liver. This manuscript focus on liver organoid research to date with special attention to classic homocysteinuria in childhood.
{"title":"Curing Classical Homocysteinuria with Pediatric in vitro engineered Liver Organoid Transplantation?","authors":"Stefan Bittmann, Elisabeth Luchter, Lara Bittmann, Elena Moschüring-Alieva, Gloria Villalon","doi":"10.33425/2692-7918.1047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33425/2692-7918.1047","url":null,"abstract":"Organoids are groups of cells grown in the laboratory that have self- organized into cell structures resembling those of organs. The term \"organoid\" means \"organ-like.\" In many cases, the cells and cell structures give organoids abilities similar to those of the organs they resemble. Brain organoids, for example, develop layers of nerve cells (neurons) with signaling activity and even \"brain regions\" that resemble areas of the human brain. Currently, organoids created by researchers may bear a strong resemblance to a fully mature organ in certain respects, but crucial differences still exist. Intestinal organoids have a variety of cellular structures that resemble parts of the intestinal mucosa, but are typically the size of a pea and thus not nearly as large or complex as our intestinal tract. But even though they are small, or do not correspond one hundred percent to entire organs, scientists can learn a lot from organoids. Experts believe that organoids represent the \"next generation\" of biological tools for research, drug development and medicine. Liver Organoid engineering could play an important role in treating and curing classic homocysteinuria in childhood by resetting the disturbed function of cystathion beta synthetase activity in the implanted organoid liver. This manuscript focus on liver organoid research to date with special attention to classic homocysteinuria in childhood.","PeriodicalId":21130,"journal":{"name":"Restorative neurology and neuroscience","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136276621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Mirror Neuron System (MNS) is a group of specialized neurons that discharge when an individual performs an action or observes another individual performing the same activity. This system is divided into two principal hubs; the premotor area in the frontal lobe and inferior parietal lobule(IPL). Mirror neurons play an essential role fundamentally in human social interaction, such as action observation, imitation, understanding the emotions of others, and a myriad of other sophisticated human behavior and thought processes as well as the theory of mind. Since people with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) have disorders and defects in communication, social interaction, the theory of mind, etc . So it can be suggested that defects in the mirror neuron system (MNS) may be linked to disorders like ASD and also play an essential role in this phenomenon. In this review, we discuss this connection.
{"title":"The Role of Mirror Neuron System (MNS) in Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD)","authors":"M. Nabizadeh","doi":"10.33425/2692-7918.1042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33425/2692-7918.1042","url":null,"abstract":"The Mirror Neuron System (MNS) is a group of specialized neurons that discharge when an individual performs an action or observes another individual performing the same activity. This system is divided into two principal hubs; the premotor area in the frontal lobe and inferior parietal lobule(IPL). Mirror neurons play an essential role fundamentally in human social interaction, such as action observation, imitation, understanding the emotions of others, and a myriad of other sophisticated human behavior and thought processes as well as the theory of mind. Since people with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) have disorders and defects in communication, social interaction, the theory of mind, etc . So it can be suggested that defects in the mirror neuron system (MNS) may be linked to disorders like ASD and also play an essential role in this phenomenon. In this review, we discuss this connection.","PeriodicalId":21130,"journal":{"name":"Restorative neurology and neuroscience","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2023-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74566944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sudhir B. Sharma, Gabriel Avalos, Donyale Cappell,, Samridh Sharma
A case of frontal sinusitis with osteomyelitis of its posterior wall producing frontal lobe brain abscess is presented, whereby the posterior wall dehiscence was exposed by external sinostomy by an ENT surgeon and then, through the dehiscence, the abscess was drained by a neurosurgeon. This is an uncommon technique of draining a frontal lobe brain abscess where no frontal bone craniotomy was required. This approach yields the least damage to the cerebral tissue as the frontal abscess was very close to posterior wall of frontal sinus and drain has to travel through minimal intracerebral distance.
{"title":"External Frontal Sinostomy to Drain Frontal Lobe Abscess","authors":"Sudhir B. Sharma, Gabriel Avalos, Donyale Cappell,, Samridh Sharma","doi":"10.33425/2692-7918.1046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33425/2692-7918.1046","url":null,"abstract":"A case of frontal sinusitis with osteomyelitis of its posterior wall producing frontal lobe brain abscess is presented, whereby the posterior wall dehiscence was exposed by external sinostomy by an ENT surgeon and then, through the dehiscence, the abscess was drained by a neurosurgeon. This is an uncommon technique of draining a frontal lobe brain abscess where no frontal bone craniotomy was required. This approach yields the least damage to the cerebral tissue as the frontal abscess was very close to posterior wall of frontal sinus and drain has to travel through minimal intracerebral distance.","PeriodicalId":21130,"journal":{"name":"Restorative neurology and neuroscience","volume":"66 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2023-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77285269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The prevalence of major depressive disorder (MDD) is estimated to be 13.3%, while depressive symptoms are estimated to occur in 28.4% of older adults. A range of medical, functional, and psychosocial risk factors contribute to depression in this population. Depression in older adults may present differently than in younger adults with more physical complaints. Diagnosis becomes even more challenging in the presence of delirium and dementia, which often overlap in an older adult with MDD. It is important to assess suicide risks in older adults with depressive symptoms. Psychotherapy is recommended for mild to moderate depression, while antidepressants should be considered for severe depression or when psychotherapy is not available. Careful monitoring of side effects is important in older adults due to reduced physiological reserves.
{"title":"Depression in Older Adults - A Review","authors":"Ke Zhou, S. Tan, Shiela P Arroyo, Si Ching Lim","doi":"10.33425/2692-7918.1044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33425/2692-7918.1044","url":null,"abstract":"The prevalence of major depressive disorder (MDD) is estimated to be 13.3%, while depressive symptoms are estimated to occur in 28.4% of older adults. A range of medical, functional, and psychosocial risk factors contribute to depression in this population. Depression in older adults may present differently than in younger adults with more physical complaints. Diagnosis becomes even more challenging in the presence of delirium and dementia, which often overlap in an older adult with MDD. It is important to assess suicide risks in older adults with depressive symptoms. Psychotherapy is recommended for mild to moderate depression, while antidepressants should be considered for severe depression or when psychotherapy is not available. Careful monitoring of side effects is important in older adults due to reduced physiological reserves.","PeriodicalId":21130,"journal":{"name":"Restorative neurology and neuroscience","volume":"97 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2023-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85756691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Herrera, María del Carmen Arias Esparza, Ruth I Solís Arias
Central diabetes insipidus (CDI) is the result of several conditions that affect the hypothalamicneurohypophysis system. Diabetes insipidus is a disease in which large volumes of dilute urine (polyuria) are excreted due to vasopressin (AVP) deficiency [central diabetes insipidus (CDI)]. These adipsic CDI patients are treated with desmopressin and adjusting the amount of daily water intake based on body weight measurement; but controlling the water balance is extremely difficult, and morbidity and mortality are shown to be high in these patients. However, the discovery of the intrinsic property of melanin to dissociate the water molecule marks a before and after in the diagnostic, study, and treatment of patients affected by Central diabetes insipidus. Working on eumelanin has usually been regarded as an intriguing, though sometimes frustrating experience. The molecular mechanism by which eumelanin dissipates the radiation it absorbs was not known until we discovered it (water dissociation) in 2002, during an observational study that began in 1990 and ended in 2002. The working hypothesis was to try to correlate the anatomical characteristics of the blood vessels that enter and leave the optic nerve and the three main causes of blindness in the world. This study allowed us to identify the unsuspected capacity of the human body to transform the energy of sunlight into chemical energy, through the dissociation of the water molecule, as in plants.
{"title":"Diabetes Insipidus And The Unsuspected Capacity Of Human Body To Dissociate The Water Molecule, Like Plants: Case Report","authors":"A. Herrera, María del Carmen Arias Esparza, Ruth I Solís Arias","doi":"10.33425/2692-7918.1045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33425/2692-7918.1045","url":null,"abstract":"Central diabetes insipidus (CDI) is the result of several conditions that affect the hypothalamicneurohypophysis system. Diabetes insipidus is a disease in which large volumes of dilute urine (polyuria) are excreted due to vasopressin (AVP) deficiency [central diabetes insipidus (CDI)]. These adipsic CDI patients are treated with desmopressin and adjusting the amount of daily water intake based on body weight measurement; but controlling the water balance is extremely difficult, and morbidity and mortality are shown to be high in these patients. However, the discovery of the intrinsic property of melanin to dissociate the water molecule marks a before and after in the diagnostic, study, and treatment of patients affected by Central diabetes insipidus. Working on eumelanin has usually been regarded as an intriguing, though sometimes frustrating experience. The molecular mechanism by which eumelanin dissipates the radiation it absorbs was not known until we discovered it (water dissociation) in 2002, during an observational study that began in 1990 and ended in 2002. The working hypothesis was to try to correlate the anatomical characteristics of the blood vessels that enter and leave the optic nerve and the three main causes of blindness in the world. This study allowed us to identify the unsuspected capacity of the human body to transform the energy of sunlight into chemical energy, through the dissociation of the water molecule, as in plants.","PeriodicalId":21130,"journal":{"name":"Restorative neurology and neuroscience","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2023-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80754758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. McLaughlin, L. Odom, P. Arnett, G. Thomas, Shannon Orehek, I. Zagon
Persons with multiple sclerosis (PwMS) often report a reduced quality of life related to their anxiety and depression associated with the biological unknowns of MS. The COVID-19 pandemic increased the risk of anxiety due to the uncertainties related to vaccine efficacy and immune-suppressing disease-modifying therapies. PwMS were recruited from the Neurology Clinic of the Penn State Hershey Medical Center and asked to complete a demographic questionnaire and surveys on depression (MS-Beck Depression Inventory, MS-BDI) and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). The rationale for the study is to determine whether treatment modalities, age, and length of disease impacted anxiety and/or depression in PwMS. Data from 150 participants were included in the analyses. The overall mean age was 54.6 years with a 3.7:1 female:male ratio and mean length of disease of approximately 17 years. Mean scores of the HADS-D, and high scores (> 8) were 4.68 ± 0.3 and 10.0 ± 0.32, respectively, with no differences between males and females. The mean HADS-A score was 6.15 ± 0.36 with significant differences recorded between male and females. The mean high HADS-A score was 10.77 ± 0.40, with no differences between sexes. The mean MS-BDI score was 4.15 ± 0.7 with no differences between males and females. Analyses of anxiety scores in relationship to length of disease revealed no differences between males and females. Anxiety scores did not differ for PwMS on different disease-modifying therapies. In conclusion, the number of years that PwMS had the disease impacted anxiety levels more than the age or treatment regimen..
{"title":"Length of Disease More than Therapy Impacts Anxiety and Depression in Multiple Sclerosis","authors":"P. McLaughlin, L. Odom, P. Arnett, G. Thomas, Shannon Orehek, I. Zagon","doi":"10.33425/2692-7918.1043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33425/2692-7918.1043","url":null,"abstract":"Persons with multiple sclerosis (PwMS) often report a reduced quality of life related to their anxiety and depression associated with the biological unknowns of MS. The COVID-19 pandemic increased the risk of anxiety due to the uncertainties related to vaccine efficacy and immune-suppressing disease-modifying therapies. PwMS were recruited from the Neurology Clinic of the Penn State Hershey Medical Center and asked to complete a demographic questionnaire and surveys on depression (MS-Beck Depression Inventory, MS-BDI) and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). The rationale for the study is to determine whether treatment modalities, age, and length of disease impacted anxiety and/or depression in PwMS. Data from 150 participants were included in the analyses. The overall mean age was 54.6 years with a 3.7:1 female:male ratio and mean length of disease of approximately 17 years. Mean scores of the HADS-D, and high scores (> 8) were 4.68 ± 0.3 and 10.0 ± 0.32, respectively, with no differences between males and females. The mean HADS-A score was 6.15 ± 0.36 with significant differences recorded between male and females. The mean high HADS-A score was 10.77 ± 0.40, with no differences between sexes. The mean MS-BDI score was 4.15 ± 0.7 with no differences between males and females. Analyses of anxiety scores in relationship to length of disease revealed no differences between males and females. Anxiety scores did not differ for PwMS on different disease-modifying therapies. In conclusion, the number of years that PwMS had the disease impacted anxiety levels more than the age or treatment regimen..","PeriodicalId":21130,"journal":{"name":"Restorative neurology and neuroscience","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2023-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87609511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Cognitive dysfunctions after a brain stroke have a huge impact on patients' disability and activities of daily living. Prism adaptation (PA) is currently used in patients with right brain damage to improve lateralized spatial attentional deficits. Recent findings suggest that PA could also be useful for rehabilitation of other cognitive functions.
Objective: In the present study, we tested for the efficacy on cognitive rehabilitation of a novel device in which the procedure of prism adaptation is digitized and followed by cognitive training of attention and executive functions using serious games.
Methods: Thirty stroke patients were randomly assigned to two groups: an experimental group of 15 patients, which performed the experimental rehabilitation training using the novel device in 10 consecutive daily sessions; a control group of 15 patients, which performed the routine cognitive training in 10 consecutive daily sessions. Both groups were tested before and after the rehabilitation program on neuropsychological tests (digit and spatial span forward and backward, attentional matrices, Stroop task) and on functional scales (Barthel index and Beck Anxiety Index).
Results: The main results showed that only patients who received the experimental rehabilitation training improved their scores on tests of digit span forward, spatial span backward, attentional matrices and Stroop. Moreover, patients of the experimental but not of the control group showed a significant correlation between improvement on some tasks (mainly spatial span backward) and improvement on activities of daily living as well as with reduction of anxiety levels.
Conclusions: These results suggest that combining digital PA with cognitive training using serious games may be added in clinical settings for cognitive rehabilitation of stroke patients, with beneficial effects extending in promoting independency in activities of daily living and reduction of psychiatric symptoms.
{"title":"A novel digital approach for post-stroke cognitive deficits: a pilot study.","authors":"Massimiliano Oliveri, Sergio Bagnato, Silvia Rizzo, Emilia Imbornone, Andreina Giustiniani, Angela Catania, Patrizia Turriziani","doi":"10.3233/RNN-231305","DOIUrl":"10.3233/RNN-231305","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cognitive dysfunctions after a brain stroke have a huge impact on patients' disability and activities of daily living. Prism adaptation (PA) is currently used in patients with right brain damage to improve lateralized spatial attentional deficits. Recent findings suggest that PA could also be useful for rehabilitation of other cognitive functions.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>In the present study, we tested for the efficacy on cognitive rehabilitation of a novel device in which the procedure of prism adaptation is digitized and followed by cognitive training of attention and executive functions using serious games.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Thirty stroke patients were randomly assigned to two groups: an experimental group of 15 patients, which performed the experimental rehabilitation training using the novel device in 10 consecutive daily sessions; a control group of 15 patients, which performed the routine cognitive training in 10 consecutive daily sessions. Both groups were tested before and after the rehabilitation program on neuropsychological tests (digit and spatial span forward and backward, attentional matrices, Stroop task) and on functional scales (Barthel index and Beck Anxiety Index).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The main results showed that only patients who received the experimental rehabilitation training improved their scores on tests of digit span forward, spatial span backward, attentional matrices and Stroop. Moreover, patients of the experimental but not of the control group showed a significant correlation between improvement on some tasks (mainly spatial span backward) and improvement on activities of daily living as well as with reduction of anxiety levels.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These results suggest that combining digital PA with cognitive training using serious games may be added in clinical settings for cognitive rehabilitation of stroke patients, with beneficial effects extending in promoting independency in activities of daily living and reduction of psychiatric symptoms.</p>","PeriodicalId":21130,"journal":{"name":"Restorative neurology and neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":"103-113"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9895058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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