Priyanka Shah-Basak, Olga Boukrina, Xin Ran Li, Fatima Jebahi, Aneta Kielar
Background: Aphasia is a debilitating language impairment, affecting millions of people worldwide. About 40% of stroke survivors develop chronic aphasia, resulting in life-long disability.
Objective: This review examines extrinsic and intrinsic neuromodulation techniques, aimed at enhancing the effects of speech and language therapies in stroke survivors with aphasia.
Methods: We discuss the available evidence supporting the use of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation, and functional MRI (fMRI) real-time neurofeedback in aphasia rehabilitation.
Results: This review systematically evaluates studies focusing on efficacy and implementation of specialized methods for post-treatment outcome optimization and transfer to functional skills. It considers stimulation target determination and various targeting approaches. The translation of neuromodulation interventions to clinical practice is explored, emphasizing generalization and functional communication. The review also covers real-time fMRI neurofeedback, discussing current evidence for efficacy and essential implementation parameters. Finally, we address future directions for neuromodulation research in aphasia.
Conclusions: This comprehensive review aims to serve as a resource for a broad audience of researchers and clinicians interested in incorporating neuromodulation for advancing aphasia care.
{"title":"Targeted neurorehabilitation strategies in post-stroke aphasia.","authors":"Priyanka Shah-Basak, Olga Boukrina, Xin Ran Li, Fatima Jebahi, Aneta Kielar","doi":"10.3233/RNN-231344","DOIUrl":"10.3233/RNN-231344","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Aphasia is a debilitating language impairment, affecting millions of people worldwide. About 40% of stroke survivors develop chronic aphasia, resulting in life-long disability.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This review examines extrinsic and intrinsic neuromodulation techniques, aimed at enhancing the effects of speech and language therapies in stroke survivors with aphasia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We discuss the available evidence supporting the use of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation, and functional MRI (fMRI) real-time neurofeedback in aphasia rehabilitation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This review systematically evaluates studies focusing on efficacy and implementation of specialized methods for post-treatment outcome optimization and transfer to functional skills. It considers stimulation target determination and various targeting approaches. The translation of neuromodulation interventions to clinical practice is explored, emphasizing generalization and functional communication. The review also covers real-time fMRI neurofeedback, discussing current evidence for efficacy and essential implementation parameters. Finally, we address future directions for neuromodulation research in aphasia.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This comprehensive review aims to serve as a resource for a broad audience of researchers and clinicians interested in incorporating neuromodulation for advancing aphasia care.</p>","PeriodicalId":21130,"journal":{"name":"Restorative neurology and neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":"129-191"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10741339/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138047878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lina Bunketorp Käll, Malin Björnsdotter, Johanna Wangdell, Carina Reinholdt, Robert Cooper, Simon Skau
Background: While functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) can provide insight into cortical brain activity during motor tasks in healthy and diseased populations, the feasibility of using fNIRS to assess haemoglobin-evoked responses to reanimated upper limb motor function in patients with tetraplegia remains unknown.
Objective: The primary objective of this pilot study is to determine the feasibility of using fNIRS to assess cortical signal intensity changes during upper limb motor tasks in individuals with surgically restored grip functions. The secondary objectives are: 1) to collect pilot data on individuals with tetraplegia to determine any trends in the cortical signal intensity changes as measured by fNIRS and 2) to compare cortical signal intensity changes in affected individuals versus age-appropriate healthy volunteers. Specifically, patients presented with tetraplegia, a type of paralysis resulting from a cervical spinal cord injury causing loss of movement and sensation in both lower and upper limbs. All patients have their grip functions restored by surgical tendon transfer, a procedure which constitutes a unique, focused stimulus for brain plasticity.
Method: fNIRS is used to assess changes in cortical signal intensity during the performance of two motor tasks (isometric elbow and thumb flexion). Six individuals with tetraplegia and six healthy controls participate in the study. A block paradigm is utilized to assess contralateral and ipsilateral haemodynamic responses in the premotor cortex (PMC) and primary motor cortex (M1). We assess the amplitude of the optical signal and spatial features during the paradigms. The accuracy of channel locations is maximized through 3D digitizations of channel locations and co-registering these locations to template atlas brains. A general linear model approach, with short-separation regression, is used to extract haemodynamic response functions at the individual and group levels.
Results: Peak oxyhaemoglobin (oxy-Hb) changes in PMC appear to be particularly bilateral in nature in the tetraplegia group during both pinch and elbow trials whereas for controls, a bilateral PMC response is not especially evident. In M1 / primary sensory cortex (S1), the oxy-Hb responses to the pinch task are mainly contralateral in both groups, while for the elbow flexion task, lateralization is not particularly clear.
Conclusions: This pilot study shows that the experimental setup is feasible for assessing brain activation using fNIRS during volitional upper limb motor tasks in individuals with surgically restored grip functions. Cortical signal changes in brain regions associated with upper extremity sensorimotor processing appear to be larger and more bilateral in nature in the tetraplegia group than in the control group. The bilateral hemispheric response in the tetraplegia group may reflect a sign
{"title":"Feasibility of using fNIRS to explore motor-related regional haemodynamic signal changes in patients with sensorimotor impairment and healthy controls: A pilot study.","authors":"Lina Bunketorp Käll, Malin Björnsdotter, Johanna Wangdell, Carina Reinholdt, Robert Cooper, Simon Skau","doi":"10.3233/RNN-221292","DOIUrl":"10.3233/RNN-221292","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>While functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) can provide insight into cortical brain activity during motor tasks in healthy and diseased populations, the feasibility of using fNIRS to assess haemoglobin-evoked responses to reanimated upper limb motor function in patients with tetraplegia remains unknown.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The primary objective of this pilot study is to determine the feasibility of using fNIRS to assess cortical signal intensity changes during upper limb motor tasks in individuals with surgically restored grip functions. The secondary objectives are: 1) to collect pilot data on individuals with tetraplegia to determine any trends in the cortical signal intensity changes as measured by fNIRS and 2) to compare cortical signal intensity changes in affected individuals versus age-appropriate healthy volunteers. Specifically, patients presented with tetraplegia, a type of paralysis resulting from a cervical spinal cord injury causing loss of movement and sensation in both lower and upper limbs. All patients have their grip functions restored by surgical tendon transfer, a procedure which constitutes a unique, focused stimulus for brain plasticity.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>fNIRS is used to assess changes in cortical signal intensity during the performance of two motor tasks (isometric elbow and thumb flexion). Six individuals with tetraplegia and six healthy controls participate in the study. A block paradigm is utilized to assess contralateral and ipsilateral haemodynamic responses in the premotor cortex (PMC) and primary motor cortex (M1). We assess the amplitude of the optical signal and spatial features during the paradigms. The accuracy of channel locations is maximized through 3D digitizations of channel locations and co-registering these locations to template atlas brains. A general linear model approach, with short-separation regression, is used to extract haemodynamic response functions at the individual and group levels.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Peak oxyhaemoglobin (oxy-Hb) changes in PMC appear to be particularly bilateral in nature in the tetraplegia group during both pinch and elbow trials whereas for controls, a bilateral PMC response is not especially evident. In M1 / primary sensory cortex (S1), the oxy-Hb responses to the pinch task are mainly contralateral in both groups, while for the elbow flexion task, lateralization is not particularly clear.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This pilot study shows that the experimental setup is feasible for assessing brain activation using fNIRS during volitional upper limb motor tasks in individuals with surgically restored grip functions. Cortical signal changes in brain regions associated with upper extremity sensorimotor processing appear to be larger and more bilateral in nature in the tetraplegia group than in the control group. The bilateral hemispheric response in the tetraplegia group may reflect a sign","PeriodicalId":21130,"journal":{"name":"Restorative neurology and neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":"91-101"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10741372/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10157480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Abstracts from the 17th World Congress on Controversies in Neurology, March 23-25, 2023, in Dubrovnik, Croatia.","authors":"","doi":"10.3233/RNN-239002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/RNN-239002","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21130,"journal":{"name":"Restorative neurology and neuroscience","volume":"41 1-2","pages":"1-82"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10325323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: Oxidative stress is one of the prime pathogenic factors going on in both human epilepsy and experimental epileptogenic models. PTZ-Seizure has been associated with over production of superoxide anion, reduced GSH levels, increased lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation in the hippocampus. Methodology: Forty male wistar rats were divided into 5 groups (normal saline, 200 mg/kg sodium valporate, 25% PMS, 50 % PMS and 100 % PMS) with each group receiving PTZ (35 mg/kg) on every alternate day for 30 days. Thirty minutes after each PTZ injection rats were observed for seizure behavior using the Racine scale. The hippocampal tissues were isolated, homogenized and used to determine SOD, CAT, GSH and MDA level. Result: This result revealed significant increase in the mean hippocampal SOD activity of PTZ-kindled wistar rats fed with PMS [25% (18.90 ± 1.08), 50% (18.90 ± 1.08, 24.90 ± 1.37) and 100 % (11.06 ± 0.58 IU/ mg protein) when compared to normal saline group (8.84 ± 0.96 IU/ mg protein). PM Supplementation increased mean CAT activity at 25% and 50% [25% (12.68 ± 0.68), 50% (8.74 ± 0.92) and 100% (15.66 ± 1.12 µg/ mg protein)] Vs normal saline treated group (9.60 ± 0.72 µg/ mg protein). A significant increase in mean hippocampal GSH concentration was seen in all the PMS fed wistar rats [25 % (29.52 ± 0.44), 50 % (24.42 ± 1.51) and 100 % (40.32 ± 1.43 µg/ mg protein)] when compared to normal saline (10.88 ± 0.32 µg/ mg protein). PTZ-kindled wistar rats fed with PMS [25% (86.62 ± 2.81), 50% (73.86 ± 3.26) and 100% (73.56 ± 1.82 nmol/ mg protein) showed significant decrease in the mean concentration of hippocampal MDA when compared to normal saline (119.90 ± 2.34 nmol/ mg protein). Conclusion: Supplementation with PG inhibits hippocampal redox imbalance and reinforces it antioxidant system.
{"title":"Anti-Oxidative Property of Pennisetum Glaucum (Poaceae) Supplement Contributes To Its Anti- Convulsant Activity In Pentylenetetrazole- Kindled Wistar Rats","authors":"HD Muhammad, F. Dawud, J. Yau, J. Abdulazeez","doi":"10.33425/2692-7918.1041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33425/2692-7918.1041","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Oxidative stress is one of the prime pathogenic factors going on in both human epilepsy and experimental epileptogenic models. PTZ-Seizure has been associated with over production of superoxide anion, reduced GSH levels, increased lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation in the hippocampus. Methodology: Forty male wistar rats were divided into 5 groups (normal saline, 200 mg/kg sodium valporate, 25% PMS, 50 % PMS and 100 % PMS) with each group receiving PTZ (35 mg/kg) on every alternate day for 30 days. Thirty minutes after each PTZ injection rats were observed for seizure behavior using the Racine scale. The hippocampal tissues were isolated, homogenized and used to determine SOD, CAT, GSH and MDA level. Result: This result revealed significant increase in the mean hippocampal SOD activity of PTZ-kindled wistar rats fed with PMS [25% (18.90 ± 1.08), 50% (18.90 ± 1.08, 24.90 ± 1.37) and 100 % (11.06 ± 0.58 IU/ mg protein) when compared to normal saline group (8.84 ± 0.96 IU/ mg protein). PM Supplementation increased mean CAT activity at 25% and 50% [25% (12.68 ± 0.68), 50% (8.74 ± 0.92) and 100% (15.66 ± 1.12 µg/ mg protein)] Vs normal saline treated group (9.60 ± 0.72 µg/ mg protein). A significant increase in mean hippocampal GSH concentration was seen in all the PMS fed wistar rats [25 % (29.52 ± 0.44), 50 % (24.42 ± 1.51) and 100 % (40.32 ± 1.43 µg/ mg protein)] when compared to normal saline (10.88 ± 0.32 µg/ mg protein). PTZ-kindled wistar rats fed with PMS [25% (86.62 ± 2.81), 50% (73.86 ± 3.26) and 100% (73.56 ± 1.82 nmol/ mg protein) showed significant decrease in the mean concentration of hippocampal MDA when compared to normal saline (119.90 ± 2.34 nmol/ mg protein). Conclusion: Supplementation with PG inhibits hippocampal redox imbalance and reinforces it antioxidant system.","PeriodicalId":21130,"journal":{"name":"Restorative neurology and neuroscience","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75445040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ocular ischemic syndrome (OIS) is a rare condition, which is caused by ocular hypoperfusion due to stenosis or occlusion of the common or internal carotid arteries. Atherosclerosis is the major cause of changes in the carotid arteries. Since OIS is associated with atherosclerosis, patients usually have other related co-morbidities. Hypertension is found in 73% of the patients and diabetes mellitus in 56%. The first case of OIS was reported in 1963 by Hedges as a case with retinal hemorrhages and venous dilatation in a patient with complete occlusion of the internal carotid artery (ICA). The only therapy is to treat the neovascular complications. Recent studies suggest that OIS is associated with a significant risk of cerebrovascular, ocular, and systemic morbidity. OIS has a poor visual prognosis. It is imperative that the clinician be aware of the signs and symptoms of carotid disease to facilitate prompt diagnosis and appropriate referral, because OIS may be the presenting sign of serious ischemic cerebrovascular and ischemic heart disease. The 5-year mortality rate in OIS patients is as high as 40%. Most deaths are due to cardiac disease Controversy in the management of OIS arises from the fact that most patients reported in the literature are part of small retrospective series or case reports. Besides the uncertainty about the physio-pathogenic of the disease. Pan-retinal photocoagulation (PRP) is the accepted treatment for retinal ischemia predisposing to neovascularization due to retinal ischemia supposedly triggers the production of angiogenic growth factors. However, the main stimulus to abnormal angiogenesis is hypoxia more than ischemia, and opposite the best antiangiogenic factor is high levels of oxygen in tissues. Thereby, our discovery about the unexpected capacity of several organic molecules of the human body that can take the oxygen from intracellular water, like in plants, open a new way to treat these difficult cases, improving the prognosis.
{"title":"Vascular Retinal Event Secondary to Ocular Ischemic Syndrome, Improved With QIAPI 1: Case Report","authors":"Arturo Solís Herrera, P. E. Solís Arias","doi":"10.33425/2692-7918.1039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33425/2692-7918.1039","url":null,"abstract":"Ocular ischemic syndrome (OIS) is a rare condition, which is caused by ocular hypoperfusion due to stenosis or occlusion of the common or internal carotid arteries. Atherosclerosis is the major cause of changes in the carotid arteries. Since OIS is associated with atherosclerosis, patients usually have other related co-morbidities. Hypertension is found in 73% of the patients and diabetes mellitus in 56%. The first case of OIS was reported in 1963 by Hedges as a case with retinal hemorrhages and venous dilatation in a patient with complete occlusion of the internal carotid artery (ICA). The only therapy is to treat the neovascular complications. Recent studies suggest that OIS is associated with a significant risk of cerebrovascular, ocular, and systemic morbidity. OIS has a poor visual prognosis. It is imperative that the clinician be aware of the signs and symptoms of carotid disease to facilitate prompt diagnosis and appropriate referral, because OIS may be the presenting sign of serious ischemic cerebrovascular and ischemic heart disease. The 5-year mortality rate in OIS patients is as high as 40%. Most deaths are due to cardiac disease Controversy in the management of OIS arises from the fact that most patients reported in the literature are part of small retrospective series or case reports. Besides the uncertainty about the physio-pathogenic of the disease. Pan-retinal photocoagulation (PRP) is the accepted treatment for retinal ischemia predisposing to neovascularization due to retinal ischemia supposedly triggers the production of angiogenic growth factors. However, the main stimulus to abnormal angiogenesis is hypoxia more than ischemia, and opposite the best antiangiogenic factor is high levels of oxygen in tissues. Thereby, our discovery about the unexpected capacity of several organic molecules of the human body that can take the oxygen from intracellular water, like in plants, open a new way to treat these difficult cases, improving the prognosis.","PeriodicalId":21130,"journal":{"name":"Restorative neurology and neuroscience","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77031086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Barry Souleymane Djigué, Doré Malé Wenceslas Sossa, Diawara Karinka, Condé Mohamed Lamine, Mohamed Lamine Touré, Bognon Victor, F. Cissé
Introduction: Ischemic stroke (Stroke) constitute, due to the demographic and epidemiological transition, a real challenge for developing countries and HIV infection, a real public health problem in these countries. The objective of our study was to describe aspects of clinical, paraclinical and prognostic ischemic stroke in people living with HIV (PLHIV) on antiretrovirals (ARVs). Material and methods: This was a prospective study of the descriptive type lasting 6 months from January 1, 2022 to June 31, 2022, relating to ischemic cerebrovascular accidents (DALYs) in HIV patients on ARVs.Were included patients admitted or hospitalized in the service for seropositive ischemic stroke under ARV for an average duration of 35.5 months. Patients recently put on ARVs and those with an obvious cause of DALY such as (diabetes, uncontrolled hypertension, emboligenic heart disease) were excluded. Results: During our study period, 336(94%) patients were listed. Among them, 20 have ischemic stroke associated with HIV on ARVs, i.e. 6%. This study showed that the average age of onset of ischemic stroke in PLHIV on ARV was 49 ± 11.6 years with a sex ratio F/M of 1.22. The risk factors were high blood pressure 13 (65%), diabetes 05 (25%), followed by alcohol 04 (20%). HIV type 1 was represented at 100%, then 16 (80%) of our patients were at WHO stage III with a CD4 count between 200 and 300 cells/µl09 (45%). The therapeutic line of ARVs was dominated by TDF+3TC+EFV at 14 (70%) followed by AZT+3TC+LPV/r at 04 (20%) and the average duration of patients on ARV was 35.5 months. The favorable evolution was marked 13 (65%), followed by a death in (10%) or 02. The location on the cerebral scanner was dominated by the sylvian artery in 12 (60%) of cases followed by the anterior cerebral artery (ACA) 06 (30%) and the posterior cerebral artery ( PCA) 02 (10%). Conclusion: Ischemic stroke in HIV patients on ARVs requires early management and regular monitoring
{"title":"Ischemic Cerebrovascular Accidents in HIV Patients on Antiretroviral Therapy: Clinical, Paraclinical And Prognostic Aspects in The Neurology Department of The University Hospital Center of Conakry","authors":"Barry Souleymane Djigué, Doré Malé Wenceslas Sossa, Diawara Karinka, Condé Mohamed Lamine, Mohamed Lamine Touré, Bognon Victor, F. Cissé","doi":"10.33425/2692-7918.1040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33425/2692-7918.1040","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Ischemic stroke (Stroke) constitute, due to the demographic and epidemiological transition, a real challenge for developing countries and HIV infection, a real public health problem in these countries. The objective of our study was to describe aspects of clinical, paraclinical and prognostic ischemic stroke in people living with HIV (PLHIV) on antiretrovirals (ARVs). Material and methods: This was a prospective study of the descriptive type lasting 6 months from January 1, 2022 to June 31, 2022, relating to ischemic cerebrovascular accidents (DALYs) in HIV patients on ARVs.Were included patients admitted or hospitalized in the service for seropositive ischemic stroke under ARV for an average duration of 35.5 months. Patients recently put on ARVs and those with an obvious cause of DALY such as (diabetes, uncontrolled hypertension, emboligenic heart disease) were excluded. Results: During our study period, 336(94%) patients were listed. Among them, 20 have ischemic stroke associated with HIV on ARVs, i.e. 6%. This study showed that the average age of onset of ischemic stroke in PLHIV on ARV was 49 ± 11.6 years with a sex ratio F/M of 1.22. The risk factors were high blood pressure 13 (65%), diabetes 05 (25%), followed by alcohol 04 (20%). HIV type 1 was represented at 100%, then 16 (80%) of our patients were at WHO stage III with a CD4 count between 200 and 300 cells/µl09 (45%). The therapeutic line of ARVs was dominated by TDF+3TC+EFV at 14 (70%) followed by AZT+3TC+LPV/r at 04 (20%) and the average duration of patients on ARV was 35.5 months. The favorable evolution was marked 13 (65%), followed by a death in (10%) or 02. The location on the cerebral scanner was dominated by the sylvian artery in 12 (60%) of cases followed by the anterior cerebral artery (ACA) 06 (30%) and the posterior cerebral artery ( PCA) 02 (10%). Conclusion: Ischemic stroke in HIV patients on ARVs requires early management and regular monitoring","PeriodicalId":21130,"journal":{"name":"Restorative neurology and neuroscience","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88762007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
José Renan Miranda Cavalcante-Filho, Bruno Gonzales Miniello, J. M. de Almeida Silva, Andre Luiz Resende, Marcus Alexandre Cavalcanti Rotta
{"title":"Basilar Heart-Shaped Aneurysm: Case Illustration","authors":"José Renan Miranda Cavalcante-Filho, Bruno Gonzales Miniello, J. M. de Almeida Silva, Andre Luiz Resende, Marcus Alexandre Cavalcanti Rotta","doi":"10.33425/2692-7918.1038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33425/2692-7918.1038","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21130,"journal":{"name":"Restorative neurology and neuroscience","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74130373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Touré Ml, Carlos Othon G, Baldé Th, Diallo Sm, Ballo BKJB,, A. Djibo Hamani, F. Sakadi, A. Sakho, DF Kassa, FA Cissé, A. Cissé
Introduction: Myelopathies occurring in the context of neurosyphilis have been poorly studied clinically, radiologically and in tropical settings. The diagnostic certainty of the syphilitic etiology of myelopathy is difficult to establish because of the multiplicity of causes of spinal cord damage. Patients and Methods: We carried out a retrospective study of 269 patients hospitalized for spinal cord disorders between January 2015 and December 2021, among whom 8 (eight) patients were identified for progressive syphilitic myelopathy diagnosed by the positivity of VDRL-TPHA serological reactions in the blood and cerebrospinal fluid and radiological data. Magnetic resonance imaging was performed in all patients. Results: The neurological signs were limited to the existence of a sensory-motor spinal semiology in particular, paraparesis with sphincter disorders, especially moderate urinary disorders, without an obvious infectious syndrome in a context of positive serological reactions VDRL-TPHA in the blood and cerebrovascular fluid. spinal. Lumbar puncture shows hypercellularity with lymphocyte predominance on average 65% and hyperproteinorachia varying from 0.98 to 1.36 g/l. magnetic resonance imaging performed in all patients contributed to the diagnosis by showing hypersignals in T2, expression of more or less extensive lesions on several segments.
{"title":"Syphylitical Myelopathies: Study of 8 observations at National Hospital Ignace Deen, University of Conakry","authors":"Touré Ml, Carlos Othon G, Baldé Th, Diallo Sm, Ballo BKJB,, A. Djibo Hamani, F. Sakadi, A. Sakho, DF Kassa, FA Cissé, A. Cissé","doi":"10.33425/2692-7918.1037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33425/2692-7918.1037","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Myelopathies occurring in the context of neurosyphilis have been poorly studied clinically, radiologically and in tropical settings. The diagnostic certainty of the syphilitic etiology of myelopathy is difficult to establish because of the multiplicity of causes of spinal cord damage. Patients and Methods: We carried out a retrospective study of 269 patients hospitalized for spinal cord disorders between January 2015 and December 2021, among whom 8 (eight) patients were identified for progressive syphilitic myelopathy diagnosed by the positivity of VDRL-TPHA serological reactions in the blood and cerebrospinal fluid and radiological data. Magnetic resonance imaging was performed in all patients. Results: The neurological signs were limited to the existence of a sensory-motor spinal semiology in particular, paraparesis with sphincter disorders, especially moderate urinary disorders, without an obvious infectious syndrome in a context of positive serological reactions VDRL-TPHA in the blood and cerebrovascular fluid. spinal. Lumbar puncture shows hypercellularity with lymphocyte predominance on average 65% and hyperproteinorachia varying from 0.98 to 1.36 g/l. magnetic resonance imaging performed in all patients contributed to the diagnosis by showing hypersignals in T2, expression of more or less extensive lesions on several segments.","PeriodicalId":21130,"journal":{"name":"Restorative neurology and neuroscience","volume":"81 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84741684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Burzynski Stanislaw, Burzynski Gregory, Janicki Tomasz, Beenken Samuel
Rationale: Gangliogliomas are generally benign tumors and are classified by the World Health Organization (WHO) as grade I or II tumors. However, in 1-5% of cases, gangliogliomas can behave more aggressively (WHO grade III) and have a worse prognosis. Four children with a ganglioglioma are presented to detail and discuss the efficacy of Antineoplastons A10 (Atengenal) and AS2-1 (Astugenal) in the treatment of gangliogliomas. Objectives: The children were treated with Antineoplastons A10 and AS2-1 (ANP therapy) at the Burzynski Clinic (BC) according to the phase II Protocols, BT-10 and BT-11. ANP therapy was delivered via subclavian catheter and infusion pump. During ANP therapy, tumor response was determined by comparison of sequential magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain with a baseline brain MRI. Findings: Of the four children treated for gangliogliomas, all had prior surgery but none had radiation therapy (RT) or chemotherapy. Two had recurrent, and progressive tumors with possible high-grade transformation (thalamo-mesencephalic region; temporal lobe with leptomeningeal spread) while two had tumors of the brain stem (persistent multicentric ganglioglioma; persistent and progressive ganglioglioma of the inferior medulla and superior cervical spinal cord), which are more difficult to treat and have a worse prognosis. Physical findings corresponded with the location of each child’s tumor. IV ANP therapy continued for 6.4 to 24.8 months. The two children with possible high-grade transformation achieved a partial response (PR) while the two children with brain stem tumors maintained stable disease (SD). Overall survival for these four children ranged from 10.3 to 22.4 years. Conclusions: The utilization of ANP therapy in children with gangliogliomas is presented. We conclude that ANP therapy is an attractive therapeutic option for children with gangliogliomas who are ineligible for or refuse surgical resection and/or demonstrate persistent, recurrent, or progressive disease with or without high-grade transformation following surgical resection..
{"title":"Outcomes in Four Children with Persistent, Recurrent, and Progressive Gangliogliomas Treated in Phase II Studies with Antineoplastons A10 and AS2-1","authors":"Burzynski Stanislaw, Burzynski Gregory, Janicki Tomasz, Beenken Samuel","doi":"10.33425/2692-7918.1036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33425/2692-7918.1036","url":null,"abstract":"Rationale: Gangliogliomas are generally benign tumors and are classified by the World Health Organization (WHO) as grade I or II tumors. However, in 1-5% of cases, gangliogliomas can behave more aggressively (WHO grade III) and have a worse prognosis. Four children with a ganglioglioma are presented to detail and discuss the efficacy of Antineoplastons A10 (Atengenal) and AS2-1 (Astugenal) in the treatment of gangliogliomas. Objectives: The children were treated with Antineoplastons A10 and AS2-1 (ANP therapy) at the Burzynski Clinic (BC) according to the phase II Protocols, BT-10 and BT-11. ANP therapy was delivered via subclavian catheter and infusion pump. During ANP therapy, tumor response was determined by comparison of sequential magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain with a baseline brain MRI. Findings: Of the four children treated for gangliogliomas, all had prior surgery but none had radiation therapy (RT) or chemotherapy. Two had recurrent, and progressive tumors with possible high-grade transformation (thalamo-mesencephalic region; temporal lobe with leptomeningeal spread) while two had tumors of the brain stem (persistent multicentric ganglioglioma; persistent and progressive ganglioglioma of the inferior medulla and superior cervical spinal cord), which are more difficult to treat and have a worse prognosis. Physical findings corresponded with the location of each child’s tumor. IV ANP therapy continued for 6.4 to 24.8 months. The two children with possible high-grade transformation achieved a partial response (PR) while the two children with brain stem tumors maintained stable disease (SD). Overall survival for these four children ranged from 10.3 to 22.4 years. Conclusions: The utilization of ANP therapy in children with gangliogliomas is presented. We conclude that ANP therapy is an attractive therapeutic option for children with gangliogliomas who are ineligible for or refuse surgical resection and/or demonstrate persistent, recurrent, or progressive disease with or without high-grade transformation following surgical resection..","PeriodicalId":21130,"journal":{"name":"Restorative neurology and neuroscience","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87939160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The long-term effect of the newly emerged COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) virus has not been fully understood. It has been reported that several patients experienced neurological and neurocognitive problems after getting infected by the COVID-19 virus. This paper will review how the COVID-19 virus has impacted the brain, will aim to detect the location of COVID-19 in the brain, and will determine if the neurological complications are a result of “direct” or “indirect” effects of the virus on brain cells. Additionally, we will focus on the neurocognitive impact of COVID‐19 and the potential of digital electroencephalography (EEG), quantitative EEG (QEEG) and standardized low resolution brain electromagnetic tomography (sLORETA) to be able to capture, assess, monitor, characterize and facilitate the treatment of both neurological and neurocognitive sequelae seen in COVID‐19 and long COVID.
{"title":"EEG -guided Characterization, Monitoring, and Therapy for Neurological and Neurocognitive Sequelae of COVID‐19 and Long COVID","authors":"S. Danev, Tori R Lakey, J. Lakey, Jonathan Lakeya","doi":"10.33425/2692-7918.1034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33425/2692-7918.1034","url":null,"abstract":"The long-term effect of the newly emerged COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) virus has not been fully understood. It has been reported that several patients experienced neurological and neurocognitive problems after getting infected by the COVID-19 virus. This paper will review how the COVID-19 virus has impacted the brain, will aim to detect the location of COVID-19 in the brain, and will determine if the neurological complications are a result of “direct” or “indirect” effects of the virus on brain cells. Additionally, we will focus on the neurocognitive impact of COVID‐19 and the potential of digital electroencephalography (EEG), quantitative EEG (QEEG) and standardized low resolution brain electromagnetic tomography (sLORETA) to be able to capture, assess, monitor, characterize and facilitate the treatment of both neurological and neurocognitive sequelae seen in COVID‐19 and long COVID.","PeriodicalId":21130,"journal":{"name":"Restorative neurology and neuroscience","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86083170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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