Pub Date : 2012-04-01DOI: 10.4018/IJUDH.2012040102
Shivika Chandra, Manu Mathew
The Cochrane Students’ Journal Club is an online learning journal club which aims at creating a secondary learning resource for gathering and appraising evidence. This article illustrates an example of how an interactive discussion, on the use of anti-epileptic drugs for the prevention of seizures in patients with acute traumatic brain injury, can be used by students to formulate a plan for managing such patients in actual clinical practice.
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Pub Date : 2012-04-01DOI: 10.4018/IJUDH.2012040104
G. Ewing
This paper is a review of cognitive aging research centred on the Scaffolding Theory of Aging and Cognition (STAC), a theory which brings together much of the previous research into cognitive aging over the past century and suggests directions for future work. From Santiago Ramon y Cajal, with his microscope and talented drawings, to today’s researchers with psychological and neurobiological methods and technology, particularly neuroimaging techniques, such as fMRI, sMRI, PET, etc., enormous progress has been made, through cognitive reserve, dedifferentiation, compensation, hemispherical asymmetry, inhibition and neurotransmission, to the Scaffolding theory of aging and cognition and beyond. Prior to 1990, research was almost entirely behavioural, but the advent of neuroimaging has boosted research and given rise to a new domain known as cognitive neuroscience, combining behavioural and neurobiological approaches to investigate structural and functional changes in the aging brain. Having reviewed the existing literature on cognitive aging research, the author concludes that although the scaffolding theory brings together a significant body of work and ideas, it is not yet the single, unifying theory for researchers. However, it does represent a giant step toward that theory.
本文以衰老与认知的支架理论(STAC)为中心，对认知衰老研究进行了综述，该理论汇集了过去一个世纪以来许多关于认知衰老的研究，并为未来的工作提出了方向。从Santiago Ramon y Cajal的显微镜和天才的绘画，到今天的研究人员使用心理学和神经生物学的方法和技术，特别是神经成像技术，如功能磁共振成像(fMRI)、sMRI、PET等，从认知储备、去分化、补偿、半球不对称、抑制和神经传递，到衰老和认知的脚手架理论，都取得了巨大的进步。1990年之前，研究几乎完全是行为学的，但神经影像学的出现促进了研究，并催生了一个名为认知神经科学的新领域，该领域将行为和神经生物学方法结合起来，研究大脑衰老过程中的结构和功能变化。在回顾了现有关于认知衰老研究的文献后，作者得出结论，尽管脚手架理论汇集了大量的工作和思想，但它还不是研究人员的单一统一理论。然而，它确实代表了朝着这个理论迈出的一大步。
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Pub Date : 2012-04-01DOI: 10.4018/IJUDH.2012040112
S. Roy
This invited commentary discusses David W. Smith’s narrative account of his experiences during recovery from his traumatic brain injury (Smith, 2012). The author discusses the available literature around recovery from an ‘injured cognition state’ with particular reference to post traumatic amnesia, delirium, and other behavioral changes associated with recovery from traumatic brain injury.
这篇特邀评论讨论了大卫·w·史密斯(David W. Smith)对他从创伤性脑损伤中恢复的经历的叙述(Smith, 2012)。作者讨论了有关从“受损认知状态”中恢复的现有文献，特别是关于创伤后失忆、谵妄和其他与创伤性脑损伤恢复相关的行为变化。
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Pub Date : 2012-04-01DOI: 10.4018/IJUDH.2012040101
A. Price
The work was done to explore the effectiveness of prophylactic antiepileptic drugs for acute traumatic brain injury and assess risk: benefit ratios. The author asked if this intervention helped sort-term survivors avoid seizures after injury and assessed the influence of such medication on death and disability which result in seizures in long term survivors of TBI. Finally, the work assessed the benefits given potential adverse reactions to these drugs. The author found that using anti-epileptic drugs in the early stages after traumatic brain injury does decrease seizures. This review found that anti-epileptic drugs were effective for decreasing seizures in the first week after a TBI. Available pooled data failed to demonstrate reductions in overall mortality, late onset seizures, or the development of persistent vegetative states. However, the conclusions are limited by the scarcity of clear data collected to investigate cognitive/behavioural, neurological, or hematopoietic adverse effects thought to result from the anti seizure medications.
{"title":"Antiepileptic Drugs for Preventing Seizures Following Acute Traumatic Brain Injury: Appraisal of the Cochrane Commission Systematic Review","authors":"A. Price","doi":"10.4018/IJUDH.2012040101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/IJUDH.2012040101","url":null,"abstract":"The work was done to explore the effectiveness of prophylactic antiepileptic drugs for acute traumatic brain injury and assess risk: benefit ratios. The author asked if this intervention helped sort-term survivors avoid seizures after injury and assessed the influence of such medication on death and disability which result in seizures in long term survivors of TBI. Finally, the work assessed the benefits given potential adverse reactions to these drugs. The author found that using anti-epileptic drugs in the early stages after traumatic brain injury does decrease seizures. This review found that anti-epileptic drugs were effective for decreasing seizures in the first week after a TBI. Available pooled data failed to demonstrate reductions in overall mortality, late onset seizures, or the development of persistent vegetative states. However, the conclusions are limited by the scarcity of clear data collected to investigate cognitive/behavioural, neurological, or hematopoietic adverse effects thought to result from the anti seizure medications.","PeriodicalId":211533,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of User-Driven Healthcare","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122741913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-04-01DOI: 10.4018/IJUDH.2012040110
J. Price, A. Price
This article explores some of the trials and tribulations the family members of patients with traumatic brain injury go through. In the first part, Jazmin Price recounts her recollections of the accident which changed her grandparents’ lives and the effect which it had on her interactions with them. In the second part of the article, Dr. Amy Price, Jazmin’s grandmother shares her side of the story and shares how despite the challenges a TBI patient faces, “where there is life, there is hopeâ€
{"title":"Traumatic Brain Injury and My Grandparents","authors":"J. Price, A. Price","doi":"10.4018/IJUDH.2012040110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/IJUDH.2012040110","url":null,"abstract":"This article explores some of the trials and tribulations the family members of patients with traumatic brain injury go through. In the first part, Jazmin Price recounts her recollections of the accident which changed her grandparents’ lives and the effect which it had on her interactions with them. In the second part of the article, Dr. Amy Price, Jazmin’s grandmother shares her side of the story and shares how despite the challenges a TBI patient faces, “where there is life, there is hopeâ€","PeriodicalId":211533,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of User-Driven Healthcare","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133501979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-04-01DOI: 10.4018/IJUDH.2012040108
David W. Smith
In this narrative, the author shares his perspective from both sides of the spectrum. First, the author begins as a patient with traumatic brain injury (TBI) secondary to an accident, as he deals with post-traumatic amnesia. His view as a trained osteopath, who draws on these experiences to heal others afflicted with TBI and its sequelae, is then presented.
{"title":"The Lights are on but Nobody’s at Home","authors":"David W. Smith","doi":"10.4018/IJUDH.2012040108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/IJUDH.2012040108","url":null,"abstract":"In this narrative, the author shares his perspective from both sides of the spectrum. First, the author begins as a patient with traumatic brain injury (TBI) secondary to an accident, as he deals with post-traumatic amnesia. His view as a trained osteopath, who draws on these experiences to heal others afflicted with TBI and its sequelae, is then presented.","PeriodicalId":211533,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of User-Driven Healthcare","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129270656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-04-01DOI: 10.4018/IJUDH.2012040114
Joan W. Young
This commentary discusses the paper by Khetrapal and Singh (2012). The author expands on the current reality of disheveled care, an organ-by-organ approach to “cure,†and a disregard for the emotional and social context of disability and shares her own experiences in trying to push victim-hood aside and take some control of the situation. The author lauds Khetrapal and Singh’s (2012) consideration of a program for disability studies in Medical Education.
{"title":"Disability Studies in Medical Education","authors":"Joan W. Young","doi":"10.4018/IJUDH.2012040114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/IJUDH.2012040114","url":null,"abstract":"This commentary discusses the paper by Khetrapal and Singh (2012). The author expands on the current reality of disheveled care, an organ-by-organ approach to “cure,†and a disregard for the emotional and social context of disability and shares her own experiences in trying to push victim-hood aside and take some control of the situation. The author lauds Khetrapal and Singh’s (2012) consideration of a program for disability studies in Medical Education.","PeriodicalId":211533,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of User-Driven Healthcare","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134040610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-04-01DOI: 10.4018/IJUDH.2012040109
Rohn Kessler, Paco
In this paper, the authors (a doctor and his patient) share their complex journey into cognitive rehabilitation and a relationship that propels healing in the face of complexity against all odds. The patient came to S.O.G. unable to walk, with unclear speech and cognitive deficits but nothing could stop the indomitable resolve that spearheaded his recovery after 2 months in a coma. The patient was to blossom as a writer, an artist and a patient volunteer. His insights and skills were gently mentored by the doctor as they traveled together on the road to success and healing. This is their story.
{"title":"Optimizing Opportunities for Brain Injury Survivors: Technology, Creativity and Soul Searching","authors":"Rohn Kessler, Paco","doi":"10.4018/IJUDH.2012040109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/IJUDH.2012040109","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, the authors (a doctor and his patient) share their complex journey into cognitive rehabilitation and a relationship that propels healing in the face of complexity against all odds. The patient came to S.O.G. unable to walk, with unclear speech and cognitive deficits but nothing could stop the indomitable resolve that spearheaded his recovery after 2 months in a coma. The patient was to blossom as a writer, an artist and a patient volunteer. His insights and skills were gently mentored by the doctor as they traveled together on the road to success and healing. This is their story.","PeriodicalId":211533,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of User-Driven Healthcare","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116968741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-10-01DOI: 10.4018/IJUDH.2011100105
A. Sukhlecha, D. M. Parmar
Women have been victims of sexual abuse and rape since time immemorial. Many times these have led to unintended pregnancies, forcing many of them to undergo illegal abortions. Most of these abortions were without any aseptic techniques that many times led to morbidity or even death of the victim. A rise in use of emergency contraception (EC) is good, as it will prevent a lot of unwanted births and unsafe abortions. On the other hand, the increasing use of ECs has led to increased sexual activity amongst youngsters. There has been a rise in sexually transmitted diseases following EC use because of multiple sexual partners and avoidance of barrier method of contraception. Hence, there is a need to encourage EC, but this calls for a need for safe sexual practice and awareness campaigns so that ECs are not misused.
{"title":"Should Emergency Contraceptives Continue to be Available as Over the Counter Drugs","authors":"A. Sukhlecha, D. M. Parmar","doi":"10.4018/IJUDH.2011100105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/IJUDH.2011100105","url":null,"abstract":"Women have been victims of sexual abuse and rape since time immemorial. Many times these have led to unintended pregnancies, forcing many of them to undergo illegal abortions. Most of these abortions were without any aseptic techniques that many times led to morbidity or even death of the victim. A rise in use of emergency contraception (EC) is good, as it will prevent a lot of unwanted births and unsafe abortions. On the other hand, the increasing use of ECs has led to increased sexual activity amongst youngsters. There has been a rise in sexually transmitted diseases following EC use because of multiple sexual partners and avoidance of barrier method of contraception. Hence, there is a need to encourage EC, but this calls for a need for safe sexual practice and awareness campaigns so that ECs are not misused.","PeriodicalId":211533,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of User-Driven Healthcare","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127146963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-10-01DOI: 10.4018/IJUDH.2011100107
Y. B. Dayan, J. F. D. Oliveira, D. Jenkins, Sabreena Malik, R. Biswas
This paper is an exploratory approach to creating stimulating medical education resources in the form of interactive conversational learning between health professionals who present topics related to their practice either in the form of a case uncertainty or a general uncertainty around treatment decisions. Through these conversations, health professionals discover newer insights into the topic being discussed and learn actively along with an online group of health professionals who guide each other contextually through the discussion. doc2doc, BMJ Group’s global clinical online community, presents a unique platform for the above described activity. In this illustrative example, the authors look at the topic of ‘rational usage of medicines’ in diabetes.
{"title":"Creating Secondary Learning Resources from Web Based Conversational Learning Around ‘Rational Usage of Medicines’ in Diabetes","authors":"Y. B. Dayan, J. F. D. Oliveira, D. Jenkins, Sabreena Malik, R. Biswas","doi":"10.4018/IJUDH.2011100107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/IJUDH.2011100107","url":null,"abstract":"This paper is an exploratory approach to creating stimulating medical education resources in the form of interactive conversational learning between health professionals who present topics related to their practice either in the form of a case uncertainty or a general uncertainty around treatment decisions. Through these conversations, health professionals discover newer insights into the topic being discussed and learn actively along with an online group of health professionals who guide each other contextually through the discussion. doc2doc, BMJ Group’s global clinical online community, presents a unique platform for the above described activity. In this illustrative example, the authors look at the topic of ‘rational usage of medicines’ in diabetes.","PeriodicalId":211533,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of User-Driven Healthcare","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127825526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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