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[This corrects the article doi: 10.11606/s1518-8787.2024058005636].

To analyze the time trend of federal public resources invested in the Brazilian Food and Nutrition Security agenda from 2000-2022.

A time series study was carried out with data collected from a publicly accessible system on the Federal Government's planning and budget. We analyzed the budget actions and their resources indicated by the Budget Allocation and the Settled Amount. The actions were categorized into themes of the Food Nutrition Security agenda, analyzed using the Prais-Winsten regression, together with the Cochrane-Orcutt method. The values were adjusted by the Broad Consumer Price Index for January 2023.

Investment in the area of Food and Nutrition Security has shown an upward trend over two decades of federal funding, although it has shown fluctuations in certain years. The Budgetary Allocation showed an annual variation of 10.1%, and the Settled Amount obtained 10.8%. However, there is an imbalance in federal funding between strategic areas, with an upward trend in health (37.4%), food sovereignty (23.7%), and access to food (12.3%); and a downward trend in investment in some areas, such as agrarian development (-7.0%). The allocation of resources was concentrated on welfare actions to guarantee access to food, averaging 73.4% of the total resources spent.

The results show that public investment in Brazil's Food and Nutrition Security agenda has been on the rise, although there have been fluctuations in certain years and a concentration of resources in specific areas. Despite having two thirds of the budget aimed exclusively at actions toward access to food, recent data shows that hunger still plagues the Brazilian reality. This reinforces the need for continuous and more equitable investment between areas, as a way of strengthening structuring public policies that permanently guarantee Food and Nutrition Security for the Brazilian population.

To describe patterns of self-rated health (SRH) trajectories and investigate their association with sociodemographic, occupational, and health factors.

The sample consisted of 7,738 active public servants from the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil), evaluated from 2008 to 2020. The patterns of SRH trajectories were obtained by eleven time points, using the latent class growth curve. A multinomial logistic model was used to test associations between the exposures and patterns of trajectories of SRH.

Three patterns of trajectories of SRH were identified: i- good, ii- moderate, and iii- poor (29%, 61%, and 10% of the participants, respectively). Adjusted results showed that women, mixed-race, frequent work to family or family to work conflict were associated with a greater chance of poor pattern of trajectory of SRH, compared to good pattern. Besides, high school, low income, passive work, high strain, low social support, lack of time selfcare and leisure, overweight, obesity, unhealthy lifestyle, and the presence of comorbidities were associated with a greater chance of moderate and poor pattern of trajectory of SRH, when compared with a good pattern.

Adverse socioeconomic and occupational conditions, as well as unhealthy lifestyle and comorbidities were associated with worse SRH patterns of trajectories.

To investigate the relationship between sociodemographic factors, musculoskeletal pain and its characteristics, and the type of primary health care received with self-reported disability.

This is a cross-sectional study, interviewing individuals selected from spontaneous demand for health care in two types of care: health center and family health unit. Disability was investigated using the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule (WHODAS) 2.0 and characteristics of intensity, frequency, duration, number of pain sites, and regions. Measures of association between predictors and disability were performed with non-parametric statistical tests, whereas non-parametric regression models were presented for pain characteristics and for the general population.

In total, 2.3% of family health users and 7.2% of health center users had severe levels of disability. Health center users had more self-reported disability than family health users (p < 0.001). Fewer years of life (p = 0.034) and lower per capita income quintile (p = 0.014) were associated with greater disability. The most intense pain and pain in the greatest number of sites increased the disability score by 1.8 (95%CI = 1.0-2.6) and 6.3 (95%CI = 0.1-12.2) points, respectively.

Users who had more disabilities sought care at walk-in health centers, had lower per capita income, presented musculoskeletal pain of worse intensity, and pain in a greater number of sites.

To correlate the incidence of leptospirosis with sociodemographic data in the Brazilian Unified Health System from 2011 to 2022.

This ecological study used national health and economic secondary data sources. Secondary analyses summarized the scenario of disease-related hospitalizations among federative units. In total, two analyses were conducted: variable description for relationship analysis and a secondary analysis with population health and sanitation indicators and economic indicators from the Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE - Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics). The statistical analysis following this framework summarized raw data by year-month-federative unit. A time series regression was conducted, comparing the time variable with other national-level variables. Then, several simple linear regressions were performed.

Linear regressions show the relationship between the reduction in cases and improved access to treated water and sewage collection, whereas an increase in per capita income seems to be inversely related to leptospirosis incidence. Geospatial distribution shows higher incidence in the Brazilian South and Southeast. Disease lethality varied over time but without significant change during the period. The average treatment cost remained constant over the years, despite its complexity.

Leptospirosis incidence in Brazil from 2011 to 2021 decreased and was associated with improvements in socioeconomic conditions despite no changes in lethality.

To investigate the elements of the social network associated with frailty syndrome in older Brazilian adults.

Baseline data from the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Aging (ELSI-Brazil, 2015-2016) were used. Frailty was defined by the Fried phenotype (unintentional weight loss, exhaustion, weakness, slowness, and low level of physical activity). The social network was assessed using the conceptual model of Berkman and Krishna (social network structure, characteristics of social network ties, social support, and negative social interaction). Potential confounding variables included sociodemographic (age, sex, education, self-reported race, per capita family income, and place of residence) and health characteristics (polypharmacy, multimorbidity, depression, falls, hospitalization, and cognitive function). Analyses were based on multinomial logistic regression.

Among the 8,629 participants, 53.5% were pre-frail individuals and 9.1% were frail individuals. The elements of the social network that were consistently associated with pre-frailty and frailty were the following: characteristics of social network ties, social support, and negative social interaction. A positive association was found for less-than-weekly frequency of virtual contact with sons and daughters (OR = 1.15; 95%CI 1.01-1.33 for pre-frailty and OR = 1.51; 95%CI 1.13-2.02 for frailty) and for loneliness (OR = 1.36; 95%CI 1.19-1.56 for pre-frailty and OR = 1.40; 95%CI 1.12-1.75 for frailty). A negative association was found for social support (help with loans) (OR = 0.75; 95%CI 0.60-0.94 for pre-frailty and OR = 0.54; 95%CI 0.40-0.74 for frailty). However, the perception of criticism was only associated with frailty (OR = 1.35; 95%CI 1.11-1.64).

Social network is an important element for reducing/preventing frailty in older adults. Therefore, public policies and health and social assistance professionals should encompass the older adults' social network regarding the characteristics of social network ties, social support, and negative social interaction.

Objective: To describe two low-burden diet quality scores and evaluate their performance in reflecting the dietary share of the least and most processed foods defined within the Nova food system classification.

Methods: This cross-sectional study included data from the NutriNet-Brasil cohort. Participants answered the Nova24hScreener, a 3-minute self-administered questionnaire measuring the consumption of a set of foods on the day before. Food items included in this tool belong to two main groups of the Nova classification: unprocessed or minimally processed whole plant foods (WPF, 33 items) and ultra-processed foods (UPF, 23 items). Two scores were obtained by summing the number of items checked: the Nova-WPF and the Nova-UPF. We compared the scores, respectively, with the dietary intake (% of total energy) of all unprocessed or minimally processed whole plant foods and all ultra-processed foods obtained from a full self-administered web-based 24-hour recall performed on the same day.

Results: The approximate quintiles of each score had a direct and linear relationship with the corresponding % of energy intake (p-value for linear trend < 0.001). We found a substantial agreement between the intervals of each score and the corresponding % of energy intake (Nova-WPF score: Prevalence-Adjusted and Bias-Adjusted Kappa (PABAK) 0.72, 95%CI 0.64-0.81; Nova-UPF score: PABAK 0.79, 95%CI 0.69-0.88).

Conclusions: These two scores performed well against the dietary share of unprocessed or minimally processed whole plant foods and ultra-processed foods in Brazil and can be used to evaluate and monitor diet quality.

Objective: To analyze the investments made in medicines by the federated entities and the asymmetries in these investments from 2016 to 2020, which may have an impact on the supply of and access to these medicines in the SUS.

Methods: This is an exploratory, retrospective study to identify who are the main entities responsible for investment in Primary Care medicines in municipalities, the evolution, counterparts, and regional differences of this investment between 2016 and 2020.

Results: The amounts spent on medicines by Brazilian municipalities were higher than the contribution to the CBAF from the MS or the MS + State in all the years analyzed. The average percentages of federal funds transferred and municipal spending varied according to the region of Brazil. The average per capita amount invested in medicines by municipalities increased between 2016 and 2020 (deflation applied), with a greater impact for municipalities with lower MHDI. The Farmácia Popular program mainly reaches municipalities with the largest populations and the highest MHDI and is therefore not enough to address the inequalities in access pointed out.

Conclusions: There has been a widening of inequalities in the capacity of municipalities to ensure access to medicines, especially among the most vulnerable municipalities, accumulating even more risks of illnesses and deaths from primary care-sensitive diseases.

Lutzomyia longipalpis (Lutz & Neiva, 1912) constitutes the most epidemiologically relevant vector of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) in the New World. On October 25, 2023, the Macapá Center for Strategic Information in Health Surveillance registered a case of VL in the Km9 neighborhood, in Macapá. This study aimed to describe the Phlebotominae species in this area to assist the confirmation of the autochthony of the case. In total, 12 specimens were collected, of which five belonged to the Lutzomyia longipalpis species, confirming the presence of the VL agent vector and the possible autochthony of the transmission.

The objective of this commentary is to describe the characteristics, development and functionalities of the food intake data collection platform QuestNova. The platform was developed by two information technology specialists, with the support of a team from Nupens/USP. The development process took place in stages, with all the functionalities of each step being thoroughly tested by multiple team members before moving on to the next. QuestNova is a free online platform that offers three self-administered instruments for assessing food intake, based on the Nova classification: Screener-Nova, QFA-Nova and R24h-Nova. On the platform, the researcher can select the instrument of interest and send it via a link to the participants in their study, who will answer it autonomously, without the presence of an interviewer. Databases containing relevant indicators for evaluating food according to the level of processing are automatically generated from the responses. A crucial aspect of QuestNova is its commitment to the confidentiality and safety of participant data. No information is stored internally on the platform; on the contrary, data is transmitted directly to a Google Drive account provided by the researcher themselves. QuestNova democratizes access to innovative research tools, boosting studies on the impact of food processing on Brazilian health. Future updates may extend its usefulness.