Pub Date : 2011-12-01DOI: 10.5223/KJPGN.2011.14.4.398
J. Kim, E. J. Shim, Kwangwoo Lee
Gastric outlet obstruction (GOO) results from obstructing lesions in the region of the pyloric channel. In neonates, hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (HPS) is the most common cause while peptic ulcer is a rare cause. Neonatal gastric ulcer is relatively frequent in preterm newborn babies or in neonates treated in intensive care units. In healthy neonates, mucosal ulcers are associated with stressful conditions. In gastric ulcer diseases, gastric outlet obstruction is usually caused by a combination of edema, spasm, fibrotic stenosis and gastric atony. We experienced a case of neonatal gastric ulcer with a large hematoma in a 3-day-old infant presenting with repeated vomiting, poor oral intake, and abdominal distension. For the differential diagnosis, we did abdominal ultrasonography. Hematoma was diagnosed by abdominal ultrasonography. Endoscopic examination confirmed the hematoma and the presence of gastric ulcerations. We report this case with a brief review of the literature. (Korean J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2011; 14: 398∼402)
{"title":"A Case of Neonatal Gastric Ulcer with Large Hematoma Presenting as Gastric Outlet Obstruction","authors":"J. Kim, E. J. Shim, Kwangwoo Lee","doi":"10.5223/KJPGN.2011.14.4.398","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5223/KJPGN.2011.14.4.398","url":null,"abstract":"Gastric outlet obstruction (GOO) results from obstructing lesions in the region of the pyloric channel. In neonates, hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (HPS) is the most common cause while peptic ulcer is a rare cause. Neonatal gastric ulcer is relatively frequent in preterm newborn babies or in neonates treated in intensive care units. In healthy neonates, mucosal ulcers are associated with stressful conditions. In gastric ulcer diseases, gastric outlet obstruction is usually caused by a combination of edema, spasm, fibrotic stenosis and gastric atony. We experienced a case of neonatal gastric ulcer with a large hematoma in a 3-day-old infant presenting with repeated vomiting, poor oral intake, and abdominal distension. For the differential diagnosis, we did abdominal ultrasonography. Hematoma was diagnosed by abdominal ultrasonography. Endoscopic examination confirmed the hematoma and the presence of gastric ulcerations. We report this case with a brief review of the literature. (Korean J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2011; 14: 398∼402)","PeriodicalId":212346,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125432913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-12-01DOI: 10.5223/KJPGN.2011.14.4.368
Y. Cho, I. Cho, H. Yoo, Hwang Choi, Bo-In Lee, Sang Yong Kim, D. Jeong, S. Chung, J. Kang
Purpose: We performed this study retrospectively to review the diagnostic yield of colonoscopies in children and adolescents with various gastrointestinal symptoms and to investigate the relationship between presenting symptoms and the colonoscopic findings in a secondary hospital. Methods: We reviewed the medical records of patients under the age of 19-years who underwent ileocolonoscopy between January 2001 and December 2010. The total number of patients (n=238) were divided into three age groups and six symptom groups. We analyzed clinical characteristics and the colonoscopic findings, and compared the colonoscopic yield between each groups. Results: The median age of the patients was 16.1 (3.1∼18.9) years. The most common presenting symptoms were lower gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding (48.1%) in the ≤12 years group (n=27), chronic abdominal pain (31.8%) in the 13∼15 years group (n=85), and chronic diarrhea (34.9%) in the ≥16 years group (n=126). Positive colonoscopic findings were found in 21.4% of the bowel habit change group (n=28), 51.9% of the low GI bleeding group (n=54), 37.7% of the chronic diarrhea group (n=69), and 94.4% of the group with suspected inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) (n=18), 38.9% of the chronic abdominal pain group (n=54) and 13.3% of the anemia group (n=15). The diagnostic yield of the total examination was 42.0%. The suspected IBD group had a higher yield than the presenting symptom groups (p＜0.001). Conclusion: Colonoscopy is a safe and useful investigation in children and adolescents with suspected colonic disease. The diagnostic yield of colonoscopy is higher in patients presenting with suspected IBD. Pediatricians practicing in primary or secondary care settings should recommend colonoscopy for patients with suspected IBD. (Korean J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2011; 14: 368∼375)
{"title":"Diagnostic Yield of Pediatric Colonoscopies Based on Presenting Symptoms in a Secondary Hospital","authors":"Y. Cho, I. Cho, H. Yoo, Hwang Choi, Bo-In Lee, Sang Yong Kim, D. Jeong, S. Chung, J. Kang","doi":"10.5223/KJPGN.2011.14.4.368","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5223/KJPGN.2011.14.4.368","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: We performed this study retrospectively to review the diagnostic yield of colonoscopies in children and adolescents with various gastrointestinal symptoms and to investigate the relationship between presenting symptoms and the colonoscopic findings in a secondary hospital. Methods: We reviewed the medical records of patients under the age of 19-years who underwent ileocolonoscopy between January 2001 and December 2010. The total number of patients (n=238) were divided into three age groups and six symptom groups. We analyzed clinical characteristics and the colonoscopic findings, and compared the colonoscopic yield between each groups. Results: The median age of the patients was 16.1 (3.1∼18.9) years. The most common presenting symptoms were lower gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding (48.1%) in the ≤12 years group (n=27), chronic abdominal pain (31.8%) in the 13∼15 years group (n=85), and chronic diarrhea (34.9%) in the ≥16 years group (n=126). Positive colonoscopic findings were found in 21.4% of the bowel habit change group (n=28), 51.9% of the low GI bleeding group (n=54), 37.7% of the chronic diarrhea group (n=69), and 94.4% of the group with suspected inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) (n=18), 38.9% of the chronic abdominal pain group (n=54) and 13.3% of the anemia group (n=15). The diagnostic yield of the total examination was 42.0%. The suspected IBD group had a higher yield than the presenting symptom groups (p＜0.001). Conclusion: Colonoscopy is a safe and useful investigation in children and adolescents with suspected colonic disease. The diagnostic yield of colonoscopy is higher in patients presenting with suspected IBD. Pediatricians practicing in primary or secondary care settings should recommend colonoscopy for patients with suspected IBD. (Korean J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2011; 14: 368∼375)","PeriodicalId":212346,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132168944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-12-01DOI: 10.5223/KJPGN.2011.14.SUPPL1.S47
A. Kim, J. Hwang
Food protein induced proctocolitis (FPIPC) is a non-IgE mediated food allergy. FPIPC occurs exclusively among breast-fed infants within the first months of life. FPIPC is often diagnosed clinically in normal-conditioned infants with rectal bleeding. But FPIPC among infancy with rectal bleeding is less general than conceived. The endoscopic findings reveal an edematous and erythematous mucosa with superficial erosions or ulcerations, bleeding and lymphoid nodular hyperplasia. The prominent eosinophilic infiltrates in the rectosigmoid mucosa are important for the histopathologic diagnosis of FPIPC. However, in explaining eosinophilic infiltration within the lamina propria of the mucosa, it is necessary to differentiate whether it is a part of normal findings or occurs due to inflammatory reactions. Oral food challenge and elimination test is performed to identify the same clinical reaction as the symptom of FPIPC by the administration of a specific type of food to infants. The most common causal food is cow’s milk. Thus oral food challenge and elimination test can be the effective way of confirming FPIPC, reducing the possibility of misdiagnosis. The purpose of this report is to identify the characteristics of FPIPC, to introduce its diagnostic methods, and to suggest the future direction of research. (Korean J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2011; 14(Suppl 1): S47∼S54)
{"title":"The Characteristics and Diagnostic Methods of Food Protein Induced Proctocolitis","authors":"A. Kim, J. Hwang","doi":"10.5223/KJPGN.2011.14.SUPPL1.S47","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5223/KJPGN.2011.14.SUPPL1.S47","url":null,"abstract":"Food protein induced proctocolitis (FPIPC) is a non-IgE mediated food allergy. FPIPC occurs exclusively among breast-fed infants within the first months of life. FPIPC is often diagnosed clinically in normal-conditioned infants with rectal bleeding. But FPIPC among infancy with rectal bleeding is less general than conceived. The endoscopic findings reveal an edematous and erythematous mucosa with superficial erosions or ulcerations, bleeding and lymphoid nodular hyperplasia. The prominent eosinophilic infiltrates in the rectosigmoid mucosa are important for the histopathologic diagnosis of FPIPC. However, in explaining eosinophilic infiltration within the lamina propria of the mucosa, it is necessary to differentiate whether it is a part of normal findings or occurs due to inflammatory reactions. Oral food challenge and elimination test is performed to identify the same clinical reaction as the symptom of FPIPC by the administration of a specific type of food to infants. The most common causal food is cow’s milk. Thus oral food challenge and elimination test can be the effective way of confirming FPIPC, reducing the possibility of misdiagnosis. The purpose of this report is to identify the characteristics of FPIPC, to introduce its diagnostic methods, and to suggest the future direction of research. (Korean J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2011; 14(Suppl 1): S47∼S54)","PeriodicalId":212346,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition","volume":"112 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130020555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-12-01DOI: 10.5223/KJPGN.2011.14.SUPPL1.S1
J. Park, J. Seo, H. Youn, Hyung‐Lyun Kang, S. Baik, Woo-Kon Lee, M. Cho, K. Rhee
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) may be one of the most common pathogen in gastrointestinal tract. Although several recent articles have reported a decline in the prevalence of H. pylori infection in both children and adults over the last several years, H. pylori infection usually occurs early in life and persists for a long time. The role of H. pylori in some digestive diseases, such as gastritis, ulcer and gastric cancer has been well established. And the possible role of H. pylori as a trigger for some extraintestinal diseases in children and adults has been considered in the last year. H. pylori infection might be associated with refractory iron deficiency anemia, idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, growth retardation and obesity etc, directly or indirectly. Most of the studies are classified as epidemiological, clinical researches about effects on extraintestinal manifestations after eradication, or case reports. This review describes the possibility of association with several extraintestinal diseases and H. pylori infection and their possible mechanisms based on reported studies in the world and our several studies, even though there are still many conflicting results about that. (Korean J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2011; 14(Suppl 1): S1∼S8)
幽门螺杆菌(Helicobacter pylori, H. pylori)可能是胃肠道中最常见的病原体之一。尽管最近的几篇文章报道了过去几年儿童和成人幽门螺杆菌感染率的下降，但幽门螺杆菌感染通常发生在生命早期，并持续很长时间。幽门螺旋杆菌在一些消化系统疾病，如胃炎、溃疡和胃癌中的作用已经得到很好的证实。而幽门螺杆菌作为儿童和成人肠道外疾病的触发因素的可能作用在去年已经被考虑过。幽门螺杆菌感染可能与顽固性缺铁性贫血、特发性血小板减少性紫癜、生长发育迟缓、肥胖等有直接或间接的关系。多数研究分为流行病学研究、根除后肠外表现影响的临床研究或病例报告。本文综述了几种肠外疾病和幽门螺杆菌感染的可能性及其可能的机制，尽管目前仍有许多相互矛盾的结果。韩国儿科胃肠病学杂志2011;14(补充1):S1 ~ S8)
{"title":"Helicobacter pylori Infection and Extraintestinal Manifestations in Children","authors":"J. Park, J. Seo, H. Youn, Hyung‐Lyun Kang, S. Baik, Woo-Kon Lee, M. Cho, K. Rhee","doi":"10.5223/KJPGN.2011.14.SUPPL1.S1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5223/KJPGN.2011.14.SUPPL1.S1","url":null,"abstract":"Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) may be one of the most common pathogen in gastrointestinal tract. Although several recent articles have reported a decline in the prevalence of H. pylori infection in both children and adults over the last several years, H. pylori infection usually occurs early in life and persists for a long time. The role of H. pylori in some digestive diseases, such as gastritis, ulcer and gastric cancer has been well established. And the possible role of H. pylori as a trigger for some extraintestinal diseases in children and adults has been considered in the last year. H. pylori infection might be associated with refractory iron deficiency anemia, idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, growth retardation and obesity etc, directly or indirectly. Most of the studies are classified as epidemiological, clinical researches about effects on extraintestinal manifestations after eradication, or case reports. This review describes the possibility of association with several extraintestinal diseases and H. pylori infection and their possible mechanisms based on reported studies in the world and our several studies, even though there are still many conflicting results about that. (Korean J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2011; 14(Suppl 1): S1∼S8)","PeriodicalId":212346,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124048496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-12-01DOI: 10.5223/KJPGN.2011.14.SUPPL1.S42
S. Bae
Stem cell is characterized with self-renewal and mult-potency. Many pediatric gastrointestinal diseases have defect in enterocytes, enteric nervous system, and Interstitial cell of Cajal. Various kinds of stem cell could be applied to these diseases. Here, the author introduces stem cell for pediatric gastrointestinal diseases, particularly Hirschsprung disease. (Korean J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2011; 14(Suppl 1): S42∼S46)
{"title":"Stem Cell in Pediatric Gastrointestinal Tract Disease: Hirschsprung Disease","authors":"S. Bae","doi":"10.5223/KJPGN.2011.14.SUPPL1.S42","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5223/KJPGN.2011.14.SUPPL1.S42","url":null,"abstract":"Stem cell is characterized with self-renewal and mult-potency. Many pediatric gastrointestinal diseases have defect in enterocytes, enteric nervous system, and Interstitial cell of Cajal. Various kinds of stem cell could be applied to these diseases. Here, the author introduces stem cell for pediatric gastrointestinal diseases, particularly Hirschsprung disease. (Korean J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2011; 14(Suppl 1): S42∼S46)","PeriodicalId":212346,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126850535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-12-01DOI: 10.5223/KJPGN.2011.14.4.340
Kie Young Park
Breakfast is an important meal for adolescents to supply adequate nutrition for growth and maintenance and to prevent chronic disease. Nevertheless, the rate of skipping breakfast, which decreased 6 years ago, has gradually increased again in recent years in Korea. Manystudies show that skipping breakfast increases the risk for obesity, amenorrhea, and poor academic performance. The recommended breakfast for adolescents is a low glycemic load (GL) diet, fiber-rich family breakfast. The hunger and lazy feeling after breakfast are enhanced by a high GL and low fiber diet, which leads to additional intake of calories. A family breakfast can help to maintain a healthy life-style and reduce the risk of chronic diseases such as metabolic syndrome, obesity, type 2 diabetes, cancer, or cardiovascular disease. (Korean J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2011; 14: 340∼349)
{"title":"Breakfast and Health in Adolescents","authors":"Kie Young Park","doi":"10.5223/KJPGN.2011.14.4.340","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5223/KJPGN.2011.14.4.340","url":null,"abstract":"Breakfast is an important meal for adolescents to supply adequate nutrition for growth and maintenance and to prevent chronic disease. Nevertheless, the rate of skipping breakfast, which decreased 6 years ago, has gradually increased again in recent years in Korea. Manystudies show that skipping breakfast increases the risk for obesity, amenorrhea, and poor academic performance. The recommended breakfast for adolescents is a low glycemic load (GL) diet, fiber-rich family breakfast. The hunger and lazy feeling after breakfast are enhanced by a high GL and low fiber diet, which leads to additional intake of calories. A family breakfast can help to maintain a healthy life-style and reduce the risk of chronic diseases such as metabolic syndrome, obesity, type 2 diabetes, cancer, or cardiovascular disease. (Korean J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2011; 14: 340∼349)","PeriodicalId":212346,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130523695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-12-01DOI: 10.5223/KJPGN.2011.14.SUPPL1.S19
K. Lee
Abdominal migraine is a syndrome characterized by recurrent episodes of paroxysmal abdominal pain and nausea or vomiting with wellness between episodes. It is often associated with a positive family history of migraine and no other apparent underlying disease. Abdominal epilepsy is an infrequent syndrome which occurs with gastrointestinal complaints caused by a seizure activity. It is characterized by paroxysmal onset of abdominal pain without visceral disorders, but comes along with the alteration of awareness during the attack and abnormal electroencephalogram findings. Like other epilepsies, this abdominal epilepsy is improved with anticonvulsant medication. (Korean J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2011; 14(Suppl 1): S19∼S24)
{"title":"A Child with Abdominal Pain, Headache, and Dizziness","authors":"K. Lee","doi":"10.5223/KJPGN.2011.14.SUPPL1.S19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5223/KJPGN.2011.14.SUPPL1.S19","url":null,"abstract":"Abdominal migraine is a syndrome characterized by recurrent episodes of paroxysmal abdominal pain and nausea or vomiting with wellness between episodes. It is often associated with a positive family history of migraine and no other apparent underlying disease. Abdominal epilepsy is an infrequent syndrome which occurs with gastrointestinal complaints caused by a seizure activity. It is characterized by paroxysmal onset of abdominal pain without visceral disorders, but comes along with the alteration of awareness during the attack and abnormal electroencephalogram findings. Like other epilepsies, this abdominal epilepsy is improved with anticonvulsant medication. (Korean J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2011; 14(Suppl 1): S19∼S24)","PeriodicalId":212346,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128760347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-09-01DOI: 10.5223/KJPGN.2011.14.3.209
J. Seo
Obesity is significantly increasing in Korean adolescents and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is soon expected to be the most common chronic liver disease in children. The symptoms of NAFLD run a broad spectrum and NAFLD in children can lead to the development of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, cirrhosis and end-stage liver disease, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and can increases the risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Definitive diagnosis can be achieved with liver biopsy. However, recent advances have shown alternative methods of screening and following patients with noninvasive biomarkers and radiologic imaging studies. The histopathology differs between children and adults, and the mechanism is expected to differ as well. Several factors, such as genes and environmental stressors work intricately to produce NAFLD. Promising medications have been reported for the management of NAFLD. However, their therapeutic effectiveness has yet to be determined. Dietary and exercise interventions remain the mainstay of treatment. By maintaining an interest in obesity and NALFD in children, NAFLD should be diagnosed early and appropriate lifestyle changes should be counseled and encouraged. (Korean J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2011; 14: 209∼221)
{"title":"Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Children","authors":"J. Seo","doi":"10.5223/KJPGN.2011.14.3.209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5223/KJPGN.2011.14.3.209","url":null,"abstract":"Obesity is significantly increasing in Korean adolescents and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is soon expected to be the most common chronic liver disease in children. The symptoms of NAFLD run a broad spectrum and NAFLD in children can lead to the development of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, cirrhosis and end-stage liver disease, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and can increases the risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Definitive diagnosis can be achieved with liver biopsy. However, recent advances have shown alternative methods of screening and following patients with noninvasive biomarkers and radiologic imaging studies. The histopathology differs between children and adults, and the mechanism is expected to differ as well. Several factors, such as genes and environmental stressors work intricately to produce NAFLD. Promising medications have been reported for the management of NAFLD. However, their therapeutic effectiveness has yet to be determined. Dietary and exercise interventions remain the mainstay of treatment. By maintaining an interest in obesity and NALFD in children, NAFLD should be diagnosed early and appropriate lifestyle changes should be counseled and encouraged. (Korean J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2011; 14: 209∼221)","PeriodicalId":212346,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122514289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-09-01DOI: 10.5223/KJPGN.2011.14.3.232
S. Chang
Organic diseases are prevalent in about 5 to 10% of children with chronic abdominal pain. The most common diseases of the upper digestive tract include gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), chronic gastritis with or without Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), and peptic ulcer. The H. pylori infections acquired during childhood persist lifelong without eradication. Although the majority of H. pylori infected children remain asymptomatic, H. pylori infection may cause various digestive and extra-digestive diseases. There are still debates about a causal relationship between H. pylori-gastritis and abdominal symptoms in the absence of peptic ulcer disease. The number of Korean children infected with antibiotic resistant H. pylori is increasing even though the prevalence decreases after eradication. The choices of rescue therapy are limited in children after eradication failure. Antioxidant supplements with regimens against H. pylori have been tried with limited effects. Here I wanted to review the findings of recent reports on common upper digestive diseases such as GERD, peptic ulcer, and H. pylori infection in children with chronic abdominal pain. (Korean J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2011; 14: 232∼244)
{"title":"Organic Upper Digestive Diseases in Children with Chronic Abdominal Pain","authors":"S. Chang","doi":"10.5223/KJPGN.2011.14.3.232","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5223/KJPGN.2011.14.3.232","url":null,"abstract":"Organic diseases are prevalent in about 5 to 10% of children with chronic abdominal pain. The most common diseases of the upper digestive tract include gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), chronic gastritis with or without Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), and peptic ulcer. The H. pylori infections acquired during childhood persist lifelong without eradication. Although the majority of H. pylori infected children remain asymptomatic, H. pylori infection may cause various digestive and extra-digestive diseases. There are still debates about a causal relationship between H. pylori-gastritis and abdominal symptoms in the absence of peptic ulcer disease. The number of Korean children infected with antibiotic resistant H. pylori is increasing even though the prevalence decreases after eradication. The choices of rescue therapy are limited in children after eradication failure. Antioxidant supplements with regimens against H. pylori have been tried with limited effects. Here I wanted to review the findings of recent reports on common upper digestive diseases such as GERD, peptic ulcer, and H. pylori infection in children with chronic abdominal pain. (Korean J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2011; 14: 232∼244)","PeriodicalId":212346,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121853034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-09-01DOI: 10.5223/KJPGN.2011.14.3.258
J. Gil, J. Oh, J. Seo, M. Cho, K. Cho, E. Yoo
Purpose: Forkhead box protein 3 (FOXP3)+T cells are the major regulatory T cells controlling all aspects of the immune response. Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is a suppressive cytokine which mediates the suppressive action of FOXP3+T cells. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of FOXP3+T cells, TGF-β in colonic mucosa of children with Crohn’s disease (CD). Methods: Colonic mucosal biopsies were obtained from 10 children with CD (12∼15 years of age) and 11 control (8∼15 years of age). Frequencies of FOXP3+T, CD4+T cells and TGF-β1 expression were examined in the lamina propria (LP) and lymphoid aggregates or follicles (LA/F) by immunohistochemistry, and later evaluated by association with disease activity. Results: In the LP of CD group, frequencies of FOXP3+T, CD4+T cells, proportion of FOXP3/CD4+T cells and TGF-β1 expression significantly increased compared to the control. In the LA/F of CD group, frequency of FOXP3+T cells, proportion of FOXP3/CD4+T cells and TGF-β1 expression significantly increased compared to the control (p＜0.05). CD4+T cells also increased compared to the control, but this finding was not significant. In the LP and LA/F of CD group, frequency of FOXP3+T cells exhibited positive correlation with CD4+T cells (p＜0.05). In the LP and LA/F of CD group, TGF-β1 expression had positive correlation with CRP, Pediatric Crohn's Disease Activity Index, and negative correlation with hematocrit and albumin (p＜0.05). Conclusion: Increased frequency of FOXP3+T cells and TGF-β1 expression in colonic mucosa of CD can be interpreted as a compensatory increase towards achieving down-regulation of immune responses. (Korean J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2011; 14: 258∼268)
{"title":"FOXP3+T Cells and TGF-β1 in Colonic Mucosa of Children with Crohn's Disease","authors":"J. Gil, J. Oh, J. Seo, M. Cho, K. Cho, E. Yoo","doi":"10.5223/KJPGN.2011.14.3.258","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5223/KJPGN.2011.14.3.258","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: Forkhead box protein 3 (FOXP3)+T cells are the major regulatory T cells controlling all aspects of the immune response. Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is a suppressive cytokine which mediates the suppressive action of FOXP3+T cells. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of FOXP3+T cells, TGF-β in colonic mucosa of children with Crohn’s disease (CD). Methods: Colonic mucosal biopsies were obtained from 10 children with CD (12∼15 years of age) and 11 control (8∼15 years of age). Frequencies of FOXP3+T, CD4+T cells and TGF-β1 expression were examined in the lamina propria (LP) and lymphoid aggregates or follicles (LA/F) by immunohistochemistry, and later evaluated by association with disease activity. Results: In the LP of CD group, frequencies of FOXP3+T, CD4+T cells, proportion of FOXP3/CD4+T cells and TGF-β1 expression significantly increased compared to the control. In the LA/F of CD group, frequency of FOXP3+T cells, proportion of FOXP3/CD4+T cells and TGF-β1 expression significantly increased compared to the control (p＜0.05). CD4+T cells also increased compared to the control, but this finding was not significant. In the LP and LA/F of CD group, frequency of FOXP3+T cells exhibited positive correlation with CD4+T cells (p＜0.05). In the LP and LA/F of CD group, TGF-β1 expression had positive correlation with CRP, Pediatric Crohn's Disease Activity Index, and negative correlation with hematocrit and albumin (p＜0.05). Conclusion: Increased frequency of FOXP3+T cells and TGF-β1 expression in colonic mucosa of CD can be interpreted as a compensatory increase towards achieving down-regulation of immune responses. (Korean J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2011; 14: 258∼268)","PeriodicalId":212346,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition","volume":"130 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131266708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：