Pub Date : 2010-12-01DOI: 10.5223/KJPGN.2010.13.SUPPL1.S1
Hye Won Yom
Infancy and childhood are marked by rapid physical growth and development, and infant’s and child’s health and development depends on good nutrition. Any disruption in appropriate nutrient intake may have lasting effects on growth potential and development achievement. Nutrition needs and feeding patterns vary significantly in each stage of growth and development. This article summarized the key nutritional issues in the Korea national health screening program for infants and children as followings: encouraging breastfeeding, healthier complementary feeding, healthy foods selection, healthy eating habits, coping with feeding problem (picky eating), and overweight prevention with an emphasis on physical activity. [Korean J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2010; 13(Suppl 1): S1∼S9]
{"title":"Review on Revised Nutrition Guidelines of the Korea National Health Screening Program for Infants and Children","authors":"Hye Won Yom","doi":"10.5223/KJPGN.2010.13.SUPPL1.S1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5223/KJPGN.2010.13.SUPPL1.S1","url":null,"abstract":"Infancy and childhood are marked by rapid physical growth and development, and infant’s and child’s health and development depends on good nutrition. Any disruption in appropriate nutrient intake may have lasting effects on growth potential and development achievement. Nutrition needs and feeding patterns vary significantly in each stage of growth and development. This article summarized the key nutritional issues in the Korea national health screening program for infants and children as followings: encouraging breastfeeding, healthier complementary feeding, healthy foods selection, healthy eating habits, coping with feeding problem (picky eating), and overweight prevention with an emphasis on physical activity. [Korean J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2010; 13(Suppl 1): S1∼S9]","PeriodicalId":212346,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133301035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-12-01DOI: 10.5223/KJPGN.2010.13.SUPPL1.S25
J. Uhm
Childhood functional gastrointestinal disorders are defined as a variable combination of often agedependent, chronic, or recurrent gastrointestinal symptoms not explained by structural or biochemical abnormalities. A better understanding of genetic background of these disorders would help to better identify their complex biology and make it possible to identify subgroups of patients who respond to customized therapies. Family and twin studies have shown a genetic component in irritable bowel syndrome. Candidate gene studies have identified a few genetic polymorphisms that may be associated with functional dyspepsia and irritable bowel syndrome. Studies of associations of spontaneous genetic variations and altered functions may provide novel insights of the mechanisms contributing to the disease. [Korean J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2010; 13(Suppl 1): 25∼31]
{"title":"Update on Genetic Studies of Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders","authors":"J. Uhm","doi":"10.5223/KJPGN.2010.13.SUPPL1.S25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5223/KJPGN.2010.13.SUPPL1.S25","url":null,"abstract":"Childhood functional gastrointestinal disorders are defined as a variable combination of often agedependent, chronic, or recurrent gastrointestinal symptoms not explained by structural or biochemical abnormalities. A better understanding of genetic background of these disorders would help to better identify their complex biology and make it possible to identify subgroups of patients who respond to customized therapies. Family and twin studies have shown a genetic component in irritable bowel syndrome. Candidate gene studies have identified a few genetic polymorphisms that may be associated with functional dyspepsia and irritable bowel syndrome. Studies of associations of spontaneous genetic variations and altered functions may provide novel insights of the mechanisms contributing to the disease. [Korean J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2010; 13(Suppl 1): 25∼31]","PeriodicalId":212346,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition","volume":"126 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131234269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-12-01DOI: 10.5223/KJPGN.2010.13.SUPPL1.S15
J. Shim
There are many causes of chronic and/or recurrent vomiting. The differential diagnosis is sometimes difficult because the clinical manifestations are often similar with each other. In this review, common causes of chronic and/or recurrent vomiting, and a general approach to children with vomiting are described. The involuntary passage of ingested material from the stomach into the esophagus, gastroesophageal reflux (GER), is a common event in infants. GER-disease can arise when the refluxed material causes esophagitis, resulting in pain, impaired esophageal function, poor growth or some respiratory symptoms. Esophageal impedance-pH meter will be the golden standard test in these cases. Parental reassurance and dietary manageme nt are expected to be the important components of managing mild GER-disease. Eosinophilic esophagitis is a clinicopathological disease characterized by (1) Feeding intolerance and GER-disease symptoms in children; (2) ＞15 eosinophils/HPF; (3) Exclusion of other disorders associated with similar clinical, histological, or endoscopic features, especially GERD. Appropriate treatments include dietary approaches based upon eliminating exposure to food allergens, or topical corticosteroids. Cyclic vomiting syndrome (CVS), a paroxysmal, especially severe, recurrent vomiting disorder, may be second to GER-disease as a cause of recurrent vomiting in children. It is highly incapacitating brain-gut disorder. The different diagnosis of CVS cuts a broad swath across neurologic, gastrointestinal, renal, metabolic, and endocrinologic disorders. Treatment is divided between acute intervention, when a patient is actively and severe vomiting, and prophylactic treatment in their interictal phase, the goal of which is reducing frequency and intensity of subsequent episodes. [Korean J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2010; 13(Suppl 1): 15∼24]
{"title":"Recurrent Vomiting in Children","authors":"J. Shim","doi":"10.5223/KJPGN.2010.13.SUPPL1.S15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5223/KJPGN.2010.13.SUPPL1.S15","url":null,"abstract":"There are many causes of chronic and/or recurrent vomiting. The differential diagnosis is sometimes difficult because the clinical manifestations are often similar with each other. In this review, common causes of chronic and/or recurrent vomiting, and a general approach to children with vomiting are described. The involuntary passage of ingested material from the stomach into the esophagus, gastroesophageal reflux (GER), is a common event in infants. GER-disease can arise when the refluxed material causes esophagitis, resulting in pain, impaired esophageal function, poor growth or some respiratory symptoms. Esophageal impedance-pH meter will be the golden standard test in these cases. Parental reassurance and dietary manageme nt are expected to be the important components of managing mild GER-disease. Eosinophilic esophagitis is a clinicopathological disease characterized by (1) Feeding intolerance and GER-disease symptoms in children; (2) ＞15 eosinophils/HPF; (3) Exclusion of other disorders associated with similar clinical, histological, or endoscopic features, especially GERD. Appropriate treatments include dietary approaches based upon eliminating exposure to food allergens, or topical corticosteroids. Cyclic vomiting syndrome (CVS), a paroxysmal, especially severe, recurrent vomiting disorder, may be second to GER-disease as a cause of recurrent vomiting in children. It is highly incapacitating brain-gut disorder. The different diagnosis of CVS cuts a broad swath across neurologic, gastrointestinal, renal, metabolic, and endocrinologic disorders. Treatment is divided between acute intervention, when a patient is actively and severe vomiting, and prophylactic treatment in their interictal phase, the goal of which is reducing frequency and intensity of subsequent episodes. [Korean J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2010; 13(Suppl 1): 15∼24]","PeriodicalId":212346,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122322527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-12-01DOI: 10.5223/KJPGN.2010.13.SUPPL1.S32
Kun-Song Lee
Food allergy is an adverse immune response to foods. The prevalence of food allergy vary by age, diet, and many other factors. Based on the immunological mechanism, food allergies may be classified in a IgE-mediated diseases, which are the best-characterized food allergy reactions, non-IgE-medicated diseases, and mixed type diseases. In children, the GI tract seems to be the most common target organ. Generally, IgE-mediated reactions have an acute onset, whereas non-IgE-mediated reactions have a late onset. The most food allergy with GI manifestation involve non-IgE-mediated reactions. The evaluation of a child with suspected food allergy includes medical history, physical examination, screening test and the response to elimination diet and to oral food challenge. The diagnosis of non-IgE-mediated food allergies using a screening test is difficult. In this review, investigate the diagnostic criteria and manifestations of several non-IgE-mediated allergic diseases and the diagnostic method in the field of a pediatric gastroenterology. [Korean J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2010; 13(Suppl 1): S32∼S43]
{"title":"The Diagnosis of Food Allergy in a Pediatric Gastroenterology: Focusing on Non-IgE-mediated Allergic Diseases","authors":"Kun-Song Lee","doi":"10.5223/KJPGN.2010.13.SUPPL1.S32","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5223/KJPGN.2010.13.SUPPL1.S32","url":null,"abstract":"Food allergy is an adverse immune response to foods. The prevalence of food allergy vary by age, diet, and many other factors. Based on the immunological mechanism, food allergies may be classified in a IgE-mediated diseases, which are the best-characterized food allergy reactions, non-IgE-medicated diseases, and mixed type diseases. In children, the GI tract seems to be the most common target organ. Generally, IgE-mediated reactions have an acute onset, whereas non-IgE-mediated reactions have a late onset. The most food allergy with GI manifestation involve non-IgE-mediated reactions. The evaluation of a child with suspected food allergy includes medical history, physical examination, screening test and the response to elimination diet and to oral food challenge. The diagnosis of non-IgE-mediated food allergies using a screening test is difficult. In this review, investigate the diagnostic criteria and manifestations of several non-IgE-mediated allergic diseases and the diagnostic method in the field of a pediatric gastroenterology. [Korean J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2010; 13(Suppl 1): S32∼S43]","PeriodicalId":212346,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127443354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-12-01DOI: 10.5223/KJPGN.2010.13.SUPPL1.S59
Y. Lee, S. Oh, Kyung Mo Kim
Crohn’s disease (CD) is a chronic, relapsing disorder of unknown etiology and which affects patients for their entire life. Pediatric CD is significant in that approximately 25% of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients are diagnosed as children and adolescents. The incidence continues to rise rapidly, but has not yet plateaued in Korea. The other important issues of pediatric CD are growth impairment and pubertal delay, both of which may result in permanent problems and which should be considered as one of the important aspects of treatment in contrast to that seen in adult patients. This review article presents pediatric clinicians with the basic principles of the medical treatment of Crohn’s disease as it presents in childhood and adolescence. The goal of treatment in pediatric Crohn’s disease is to achieve physical and psychological remission which includes freedom from abdominal pain, hematochezia, anemia, luminal inflammation, maintaining the normal value of albumin and inflammatory markers, stopping the use of corticosteroids, achieving normal growth and puberty, and also maintaining optimal mental health. We extensively reviewed the current studies in addition to conventional treatments which include 5-ASA, nutritional therapy, antibiotics, immunosuppressants, and anti-TNF-alpha blockades. We also attempted to consider the specific treatment of luminal and fistulizing disease, management in postoperative situations, and the optimal management strategy in order to maintain normal physical growth. [Korean J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2010; 13(Suppl 1): 59∼69]
{"title":"The Principles of Drug Therapy of Crohn's Disease in Child and Adolescent","authors":"Y. Lee, S. Oh, Kyung Mo Kim","doi":"10.5223/KJPGN.2010.13.SUPPL1.S59","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5223/KJPGN.2010.13.SUPPL1.S59","url":null,"abstract":"Crohn’s disease (CD) is a chronic, relapsing disorder of unknown etiology and which affects patients for their entire life. Pediatric CD is significant in that approximately 25% of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients are diagnosed as children and adolescents. The incidence continues to rise rapidly, but has not yet plateaued in Korea. The other important issues of pediatric CD are growth impairment and pubertal delay, both of which may result in permanent problems and which should be considered as one of the important aspects of treatment in contrast to that seen in adult patients. This review article presents pediatric clinicians with the basic principles of the medical treatment of Crohn’s disease as it presents in childhood and adolescence. The goal of treatment in pediatric Crohn’s disease is to achieve physical and psychological remission which includes freedom from abdominal pain, hematochezia, anemia, luminal inflammation, maintaining the normal value of albumin and inflammatory markers, stopping the use of corticosteroids, achieving normal growth and puberty, and also maintaining optimal mental health. We extensively reviewed the current studies in addition to conventional treatments which include 5-ASA, nutritional therapy, antibiotics, immunosuppressants, and anti-TNF-alpha blockades. We also attempted to consider the specific treatment of luminal and fistulizing disease, management in postoperative situations, and the optimal management strategy in order to maintain normal physical growth. [Korean J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2010; 13(Suppl 1): 59∼69]","PeriodicalId":212346,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition","volume":"97 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132548235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-09-01DOI: 10.5223/KJPGN.2010.13.2.128
M. Park, M. Lim, J. Seo, J. Ko, J. Chang, H. Yang, Yoon Joung Lim, W. Kim
Purpose: Intussusception is one of the most common causes of an acute abdomen in infancy. The majority of pediatric cases of intussusception are of the ileocolic type and usually idiopathic. Small bowel intussusception is rarely diagnosed in children, and few cases have been reported. The purpose of this study was to determine the clinical features and causes of small bowel intussusception in children. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the clinical and radiologic findings of 21 children with small bowel intussusception who were admitted to Seoul National University Children’s Hospital between March 2005 and January 2010. Results: The clinical presentation of small bowel intussusception included abdominal pain or irritability (85%), vomiting (23%), fever (14%), bloody stools (14%), and abdominal masses (4%). Six patients required surgical management. Ultrasonography showed that the mean diameter of the lesions and mean thickness of the outer rims were 1.6±0.7 and 1.7±1.8 mm, respectively. Eleven lesions were located in the left abdominal or paraumbilical regions. Children who underwent surgical management were older than children with transient small bowel intussusception (mean age, 51 vs. 109 months). The mean diameter of the lesions and mean thickness of the outer rims were greater in the surgically-managed group. The location of intussusception was not significantly different between the two groups. Conclusion: Small bowel intussusception was spontaneously reduced in a large number of pediatric patients. However, sonographic demonstration of larger size, older age, and pathologic lead point warrant surgical intervention. (Korean J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2010; 13: 128∼133)
{"title":"Small Bowel Intussusception in Children: Spontaneous Resolution vs. Surgical Intervention","authors":"M. Park, M. Lim, J. Seo, J. Ko, J. Chang, H. Yang, Yoon Joung Lim, W. Kim","doi":"10.5223/KJPGN.2010.13.2.128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5223/KJPGN.2010.13.2.128","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: Intussusception is one of the most common causes of an acute abdomen in infancy. The majority of pediatric cases of intussusception are of the ileocolic type and usually idiopathic. Small bowel intussusception is rarely diagnosed in children, and few cases have been reported. The purpose of this study was to determine the clinical features and causes of small bowel intussusception in children. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the clinical and radiologic findings of 21 children with small bowel intussusception who were admitted to Seoul National University Children’s Hospital between March 2005 and January 2010. Results: The clinical presentation of small bowel intussusception included abdominal pain or irritability (85%), vomiting (23%), fever (14%), bloody stools (14%), and abdominal masses (4%). Six patients required surgical management. Ultrasonography showed that the mean diameter of the lesions and mean thickness of the outer rims were 1.6±0.7 and 1.7±1.8 mm, respectively. Eleven lesions were located in the left abdominal or paraumbilical regions. Children who underwent surgical management were older than children with transient small bowel intussusception (mean age, 51 vs. 109 months). The mean diameter of the lesions and mean thickness of the outer rims were greater in the surgically-managed group. The location of intussusception was not significantly different between the two groups. Conclusion: Small bowel intussusception was spontaneously reduced in a large number of pediatric patients. However, sonographic demonstration of larger size, older age, and pathologic lead point warrant surgical intervention. (Korean J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2010; 13: 128∼133)","PeriodicalId":212346,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116855075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-09-01DOI: 10.5223/KJPGN.2010.13.2.172
Y. Lee, Kyung Mo Kim, S. Oh, H. Park, J. Myong
Purpose: Visceral adipose tissue may be strongly linked to increased metabolic risks in adults. However, because little is known regarding the effect of visceral adipose tissue in children and adolescents, we performed this study to determine the association between abdominal fat distribution and metabolic risk factors in this population. Methods: One hundred one children and adolescents (78 males and 23 females; mean age, 10.8±2.4 years) were enrolled. The anthropometric data and metabolic risk factors were evaluated. Theabdominal fat distribution was assessed according to the CT measurement. Age-adjusted, partial correlations were performed among the visceral adipose fat area (VFA), subcutaneous adiposefat area (SFA), metabolic risk factors, and anthropometrics. Results: The SFA increased more rapidly than the VFA with advancing years in both genders. In males, the VFA and SFA were positively correlated with anthropometrics. The VFA was correlated with low HDL-cholesterol and the SFA was correlated with diastolic blood pressure (DBP). However, there was no statistical significance between the VFA, SFA, anthropometrics, and other metabolic risk factors. The VFA and SFA were strongly linked to a number of metabolic risk factors, such as other anthropometrics. Conclusion: This study investigated how a low HDL-C was correlated with VFA and how a high DBP was associated with SFA in Korean male children and adolescents. Our results suggest that the correlation between the VFA, SFA, and metabolic risk factors was relatively weak compared to that reported in previous adult studies. (Korean J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2010; 13: 172∼179)
{"title":"Clinical Significance of Abdominal Fat Distribution in Korean Male Children and Adolescents","authors":"Y. Lee, Kyung Mo Kim, S. Oh, H. Park, J. Myong","doi":"10.5223/KJPGN.2010.13.2.172","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5223/KJPGN.2010.13.2.172","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: Visceral adipose tissue may be strongly linked to increased metabolic risks in adults. However, because little is known regarding the effect of visceral adipose tissue in children and adolescents, we performed this study to determine the association between abdominal fat distribution and metabolic risk factors in this population. Methods: One hundred one children and adolescents (78 males and 23 females; mean age, 10.8±2.4 years) were enrolled. The anthropometric data and metabolic risk factors were evaluated. Theabdominal fat distribution was assessed according to the CT measurement. Age-adjusted, partial correlations were performed among the visceral adipose fat area (VFA), subcutaneous adiposefat area (SFA), metabolic risk factors, and anthropometrics. Results: The SFA increased more rapidly than the VFA with advancing years in both genders. In males, the VFA and SFA were positively correlated with anthropometrics. The VFA was correlated with low HDL-cholesterol and the SFA was correlated with diastolic blood pressure (DBP). However, there was no statistical significance between the VFA, SFA, anthropometrics, and other metabolic risk factors. The VFA and SFA were strongly linked to a number of metabolic risk factors, such as other anthropometrics. Conclusion: This study investigated how a low HDL-C was correlated with VFA and how a high DBP was associated with SFA in Korean male children and adolescents. Our results suggest that the correlation between the VFA, SFA, and metabolic risk factors was relatively weak compared to that reported in previous adult studies. (Korean J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2010; 13: 172∼179)","PeriodicalId":212346,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122377952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-09-01DOI: 10.5223/KJPGN.2010.13.2.164
Eun Hye Choi, S. Jung, Y. Jun, Yoonpyo Lee, Ji-Yeon Park, J. You, K. Chang, S. Kim
목 적: 철결핍성 빈혈(iron deficiency anemia, IDA)은 영양상태의 개선에도 불구하고 여전히 발견되는 영양질환이다. 저자들은 영유아기에 IDA가 발생할 수 있는 위험 인자에 대해 알아보았고, IDA 환아의 영양 분석을 통하여 철분 및 비타민 D 영양 결핍에 대하여 알아 보았다. 방 법: 2006년 3월부터 2010년 3월까지 저자들의 병원에 내원한 6~36개월의 IDA 환아 103명을 대상으로 하였고, IDA가 없는 같은 연령의 영유아 123명을 비교군으로 혈액검사와 설문 조사를 하였다. IDA가 진단된 6~12개월 환아 중 식이력 작성이 구체적인 11명에 대해서는 Canpro를 이용하여 영양 분석하였다. 결 과: IDA군에서 모유수유 87.4%, 비교군에서는 모유수유 40.7%였다. 이유 시작 시기는 IDA군은 평균 6.4 ${pm}$ 1.8개월이었고 비교군은 평균 5.9 ${pm}$ 1.3개월이었다. 이유식을 잘 먹게 된 시기는 IDA군에서 4주 이내는 46.4%, 비교군에서 4주 이내는 53.5%였다. IDA군의 병원 방문 이유는 호흡기 질환이 36.2%로 가장 많았고, 빈혈 증상으로 방문한 경우는 18.6%였다. IDA 환아 11명의 Canpro 분석에서 철분은 권장섭취량의 40% 미만이었고, 비타민 D 섭취는 30% 미만이었다. 결 론: 모유수유를 하는 영아는 4~6개월에 이유식을 시작해야 한다. 위험 인자가 있는 영아에서 철결핍 빈혈과 비타민 D 결핍이 있을 수 있으므로, 선별검사와 비타민 D 영양 평가가 필요하다. 또한 철분강화 분유, 비타민 D 강화 분유나 이유식을 통한 영양 공급이 필요하다. 【Purpose: Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is one of the most common nutritional problems, despite a recent improvement of nutritional status of infants and children. We assessed the risk factors for IDA in infants and vitamin D deficiency and IDA by nutrition analysis. Methods: We analyzed blood tests and evaluated 103 children with IDA and 123 children without IDA, 6-36 months of age, who were cared for in our hospital between March 2006 and July 2010. Nutritional analysis using Canpro was performed among breastfed infants 6~12 months of age who had been diagnosed with IDA and had detailed diet histories. Results: Breastfed infants accounted for 87.4% and 40.7% of the IDA and comparison groups, respectively. The IDA and comparison groups began weaning food at 6.4 ${pm}$ 1.8 and 5.9 ${pm}$ 1.3 months, respectively. In the IDA and comparison groups, 46.4% and 53.5% began to adapt to weaning food within 4 weeks, respectively. The most common reason for hospital care of the IDA group was respiratory symptoms constituting 36.2%. Only 18.6% visited the hospital for palloror anemia. The Canpro analysis, performed on 11 infants with IDA, showed that iron and vitamin D were】
缺铁性贫血(iron deficiency anemia, IDA)是一种营养疾病，虽然营养状态有所改善。作者们对婴幼儿期可能发生IDA的危险因素进行了了解，并通过IDA患者的营养分析，对铁及维生素D营养缺乏进行了了解。方法:从2006年3月开始到2010年3月为止，以103名到作者医院就诊的6~36个月的IDA患者为对象，对123名没有IDA的同龄婴幼儿进行了血液检查和问卷调查。在IDA诊断的6~12个月患儿中，对饮食制作具体的11人，用Canpro进行营养分析。结果:IDA群中母乳喂养占87.4%，比较群中母乳喂养占40.7%。原因开始时间为，IDA群平均6.4美元{pm}$ 1.8个月，比较群平均5.9美元{pm}$ 1.3个月。在IDA群中，4周以内吃断奶食品的时间为46.4%，在比较群中4周以内吃断奶食品的时间为53.5%。IDA访问医院的理由中，呼吸器官疾病占36.2%，访问医院的最多，贫血症状占18.6%。在对11名IDA患者的Canpro分析中，铁的摄取量不到建议摄取量的40%，维生素D的摄取量不到30%。结论:母乳喂养的婴儿应在4~6个月开始断奶。有危险因素的婴儿可能会缺铁贫血和维生素D缺乏，因此需要进行筛选检查和维生素D营养评价。另外，还需要通过铁成分强化奶粉，维生素D强化奶粉或断奶食品来提供营养。【Purpose: Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is one of the most common nutritional problems, despite a recent improvement of nutritional status of infants and children】We assessed the risk factors for IDA in infants and vitamin D deficiency and IDA by nutrition analysis。Methods: We analyzed blood tests and evaluated 103 children with IDA and 123 children without IDA, 6-36 months of age, who were cared for in our hospital between March 2006 and July 2010。Nutritional analysis using Canpro was performed among breastfed infants 6~12 months of age who had been diagnosed with IDA and had detailed diet historiesBreastfed infants accounted for 87.4% and 40.7% of the IDA and comparison groups, respectively。The IDA and comparison groups began weaning food at 6.4 ${pm} 1.8 $和5.9 ${pm} 1.3 months, respectively。In the IDA and comparison groups, 46.4% and 53.5% began to adapt to weaning food within 4 weeks, respectively。The most common reason for hospital care of The IDA group was respiratory symptoms constituting 36.2%。Only 18.6% visited the hospital for palloror anemia。The Canpro analysis, performed on 11 infants with IDA, showed that iron and vitamin D were
{"title":"Iron Deficiency Anemia and Vitamin D Deficiency in Breastfed Infants","authors":"Eun Hye Choi, S. Jung, Y. Jun, Yoonpyo Lee, Ji-Yeon Park, J. You, K. Chang, S. Kim","doi":"10.5223/KJPGN.2010.13.2.164","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5223/KJPGN.2010.13.2.164","url":null,"abstract":"목 적: 철결핍성 빈혈(iron deficiency anemia, IDA)은 영양상태의 개선에도 불구하고 여전히 발견되는 영양질환이다. 저자들은 영유아기에 IDA가 발생할 수 있는 위험 인자에 대해 알아보았고, IDA 환아의 영양 분석을 통하여 철분 및 비타민 D 영양 결핍에 대하여 알아 보았다. 방 법: 2006년 3월부터 2010년 3월까지 저자들의 병원에 내원한 6~36개월의 IDA 환아 103명을 대상으로 하였고, IDA가 없는 같은 연령의 영유아 123명을 비교군으로 혈액검사와 설문 조사를 하였다. IDA가 진단된 6~12개월 환아 중 식이력 작성이 구체적인 11명에 대해서는 Canpro를 이용하여 영양 분석하였다. 결 과: IDA군에서 모유수유 87.4%, 비교군에서는 모유수유 40.7%였다. 이유 시작 시기는 IDA군은 평균 6.4 ${pm}$ 1.8개월이었고 비교군은 평균 5.9 ${pm}$ 1.3개월이었다. 이유식을 잘 먹게 된 시기는 IDA군에서 4주 이내는 46.4%, 비교군에서 4주 이내는 53.5%였다. IDA군의 병원 방문 이유는 호흡기 질환이 36.2%로 가장 많았고, 빈혈 증상으로 방문한 경우는 18.6%였다. IDA 환아 11명의 Canpro 분석에서 철분은 권장섭취량의 40% 미만이었고, 비타민 D 섭취는 30% 미만이었다. 결 론: 모유수유를 하는 영아는 4~6개월에 이유식을 시작해야 한다. 위험 인자가 있는 영아에서 철결핍 빈혈과 비타민 D 결핍이 있을 수 있으므로, 선별검사와 비타민 D 영양 평가가 필요하다. 또한 철분강화 분유, 비타민 D 강화 분유나 이유식을 통한 영양 공급이 필요하다. 【Purpose: Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is one of the most common nutritional problems, despite a recent improvement of nutritional status of infants and children. We assessed the risk factors for IDA in infants and vitamin D deficiency and IDA by nutrition analysis. Methods: We analyzed blood tests and evaluated 103 children with IDA and 123 children without IDA, 6-36 months of age, who were cared for in our hospital between March 2006 and July 2010. Nutritional analysis using Canpro was performed among breastfed infants 6~12 months of age who had been diagnosed with IDA and had detailed diet histories. Results: Breastfed infants accounted for 87.4% and 40.7% of the IDA and comparison groups, respectively. The IDA and comparison groups began weaning food at 6.4 ${pm}$ 1.8 and 5.9 ${pm}$ 1.3 months, respectively. In the IDA and comparison groups, 46.4% and 53.5% began to adapt to weaning food within 4 weeks, respectively. The most common reason for hospital care of the IDA group was respiratory symptoms constituting 36.2%. Only 18.6% visited the hospital for palloror anemia. The Canpro analysis, performed on 11 infants with IDA, showed that iron and vitamin D were】","PeriodicalId":212346,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127176544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-09-01DOI: 10.5223/KJPGN.2010.13.2.204
J. Park, Jong-Geun Baek, J. Yeom, E. Park, J. Seo, J. Lim, Chan-Hoo Park, H. Woo, H. Youn, T. Shin
Isolated pancreatic trauma and secondary obstructive jaundice in the pediatric population is unusual. Biliary tract obstruction can be a major cause of acute pancreatitis. We report a case of obstructive jaundice secondary to isolated traumatic acute pancreatitis in a previously healthy 32-month-old girl. In our case, secondary obstructive jaundice aggravated the pancreatic inflammation and was successfully treated with percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (PTBD). (Korean J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2010; 13: 204∼209)
{"title":"A Case of Obstructive Jaundice Secondary to Traumatic Pancreatitis Treated with Percutaneous Transhepatic Biliary Drainage","authors":"J. Park, Jong-Geun Baek, J. Yeom, E. Park, J. Seo, J. Lim, Chan-Hoo Park, H. Woo, H. Youn, T. Shin","doi":"10.5223/KJPGN.2010.13.2.204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5223/KJPGN.2010.13.2.204","url":null,"abstract":"Isolated pancreatic trauma and secondary obstructive jaundice in the pediatric population is unusual. Biliary tract obstruction can be a major cause of acute pancreatitis. We report a case of obstructive jaundice secondary to isolated traumatic acute pancreatitis in a previously healthy 32-month-old girl. In our case, secondary obstructive jaundice aggravated the pancreatic inflammation and was successfully treated with percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (PTBD). (Korean J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2010; 13: 204∼209)","PeriodicalId":212346,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121939863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-09-01DOI: 10.5223/KJPGN.2010.13.2.146
Hye Jung Cho, E. Ryoo, Yonghan Sun, K. Cho, D. Son, H. Tchah
Purpose: Recent studies have reported an increase in the incidence of community-acquired Clostridium difficile-associated disease (CA-CDAD) among children. There is an overall lack of information on CA-CDAD in the pediatric population. The aim of our study was to compare the epidemiologic and clinical features between CA-CDAD and hospital-acquired C. difficile-associated disease (HA-CDAD) in children. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of all patients who were diagnosed with C. difficile-associated disease (CDAD) at Gil Hospital between April 2008 and March 2009. The diagnosis of CDAD was made when patients with gastrointestinal symptoms had positive results for C. difficile toxins A and B assay or stool culture. Results: Sixty-one (male, 32 and female, 29) patients were included. The mean age was 3.79±4.54 years. Of the 61 patients, 22 (36.1%) were <1 year of age. Twenty-three patients (37.7%) had a history of antibiotic exposure in the previous 3 months. Forty-one patients (67.2%) were diagnosed with CA-CDAD. There were no significant differences in age, gender, symptoms, laboratory findings, recovery period, complications, and recurrence between the CA-CDAD and HA-CDAD groups. On the other hand, exposure to antibiotics was significantly more frequent among patients in the HA-CDAD group (p=0.005). Conclusion: This study suggests that the occurrence of CA-CDAD is increasing in the pediatric population, especially in younger children with no history of exposure to antibiotics and in outpatients. Awareness of the increasing incidence of CA-CDAD and prompt investigation of C. difficile in susceptible patients is needed to avoid misdiagnosis and for appropriate therapy. (Korean J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2010; 13: 146∼153)
{"title":"Epidemiology and Clinical Characteristics of Clostridium difficile-associated Disease in Children: Comparison between Community- and Hospital-acquired Infections","authors":"Hye Jung Cho, E. Ryoo, Yonghan Sun, K. Cho, D. Son, H. Tchah","doi":"10.5223/KJPGN.2010.13.2.146","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5223/KJPGN.2010.13.2.146","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: Recent studies have reported an increase in the incidence of community-acquired Clostridium difficile-associated disease (CA-CDAD) among children. There is an overall lack of information on CA-CDAD in the pediatric population. The aim of our study was to compare the epidemiologic and clinical features between CA-CDAD and hospital-acquired C. difficile-associated disease (HA-CDAD) in children. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of all patients who were diagnosed with C. difficile-associated disease (CDAD) at Gil Hospital between April 2008 and March 2009. The diagnosis of CDAD was made when patients with gastrointestinal symptoms had positive results for C. difficile toxins A and B assay or stool culture. Results: Sixty-one (male, 32 and female, 29) patients were included. The mean age was 3.79±4.54 years. Of the 61 patients, 22 (36.1%) were <1 year of age. Twenty-three patients (37.7%) had a history of antibiotic exposure in the previous 3 months. Forty-one patients (67.2%) were diagnosed with CA-CDAD. There were no significant differences in age, gender, symptoms, laboratory findings, recovery period, complications, and recurrence between the CA-CDAD and HA-CDAD groups. On the other hand, exposure to antibiotics was significantly more frequent among patients in the HA-CDAD group (p=0.005). Conclusion: This study suggests that the occurrence of CA-CDAD is increasing in the pediatric population, especially in younger children with no history of exposure to antibiotics and in outpatients. Awareness of the increasing incidence of CA-CDAD and prompt investigation of C. difficile in susceptible patients is needed to avoid misdiagnosis and for appropriate therapy. (Korean J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2010; 13: 146∼153)","PeriodicalId":212346,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131285367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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