Revista Chilena de Historia Natural最新文献

{"title":"Differences in community composition of endophytic fungi between above- and below-ground tissues of Aristolochia chilensis in an arid ecosystem","authors":"M. J. Guevara‐Araya, C. Vilo, A. Urzúa, M. González‐Teuber","doi":"10.1186/s40693-020-00091-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40693-020-00091-y","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21247,"journal":{"name":"Revista Chilena de Historia Natural","volume":"93 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2020-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1186/s40693-020-00091-y","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41614835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geographic variation in composition of metazoan parasite infracommunities in Galaxias maculatus Jenyns 1842 (Osmeriformes: Galaxiidae) in southern Chile (38-47° S)","authors":"M. George-Nascimento, R. López-Rodríguez, K. Górski","doi":"10.1186/s40693-020-00090-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40693-020-00090-z","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21247,"journal":{"name":"Revista Chilena de Historia Natural","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2020-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1186/s40693-020-00090-z","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47487727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Variability and variation in Rhyncholestes raphanurus Osgood (Paucituberculata, Caenolestidae)","authors":"Baltazar González, F. Brook, G. Martin","doi":"10.1186/s40693-020-00089-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40693-020-00089-6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21247,"journal":{"name":"Revista Chilena de Historia Natural","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2020-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1186/s40693-020-00089-6","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49243463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SYMPOSIUM: ECOSYSTEM DISRUPTIONS IN THE AMERICAS","authors":"P. Marquet","doi":"10.4067/s0716-078x2004000300001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/s0716-078x2004000300001","url":null,"abstract":"Understanding the effects of human–inducedperturbations, “disruptions”, on ecosystemfunctions is essential to be able to designsustainable environmental practices for theprotection of biodiversity. It has been well-documented on all continents that Euro-American cultures have had severe anddeleterious effects upon biodiversity during thelast three centuries (Deloria 1996). Humanimpacts since New World colonisation haveaccelerated species extinctions and thedisruption and degradation of ecosystemsprocesses and services, many of which havealready been reduced to isolated fragments, andnumerous species and genetically distinctpopulations have been lost in the process. Infact, between one-third to one half of the landsurface have been transformed by human action(Vitousek et al. 1997) and is currently composedof what Brown et al. (2003) call “semi-naturalmatrix” or “...land neither intensively used forcities or agriculture nor set aside as naturalreserves.” Perhaps more disturbing are the lesswell-known and more subtle disruptions tofundamental ecosystem processes: theconsequences of which are yet to be seen.During this new millennium, the tragedy ofthe commons is likely to become morecommon, particularly in developing countrieswhere the pressures are both global and local.Under these circumstances, environmentalscientists face the challenge of providing theinformation upon which future social andenvironmental policy needs to be based. Thischallenge requires a careful scrutiny andexamination of scientific data, models andother available empirical evidence within aninterdisciplinary setting. Other critical tasksinclude: (1) the explicit consideration of theinteraction between science and society indeveloping sustainable initiatives (Bradshaw B namely the comparison ofNorth and South Americas.North and South American ecosystemsshare a long history of cultural and ecologicalinteractions and have sustained similartransformations and disruptions through humanimpacts. Both continents are subject to large-scale climatic drivers such as the ENSOphenomenon. To a certain extent, North andSouth America exist as mirror images of eachother in climatic and biological patterns. This isparticularly true for the western regions ofNorth and South America where similarprogressions of major ecosystems types exist,along and in similar geographic and geologicalsettings, respectively. Temperate areas in Northand South America share striking climaticsimilarities, notwithstanding theirbiogeographic, cultural and socioeconomicdifferences. For example, the analysis of globalcirculation models (Lauenroth et al. 2004)predict that under a scenario of an effectingdoubling of CO","PeriodicalId":21247,"journal":{"name":"Revista Chilena de Historia Natural","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2020-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70199017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to: Community signals of the effect of Didymosphenia geminata (Lyngbye) M. Schmidt on benthic diatom communities in Chilean rivers","authors":"J. S. Pereira, A. Pérez","doi":"10.1186/s40693-019-0085-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40693-019-0085-1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21247,"journal":{"name":"Revista Chilena de Historia Natural","volume":"92 1","pages":"1"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1186/s40693-019-0085-1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48261893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Movement behavior of the Monito del monte (Dromiciops gliroides): new insights into the ecology of a unique marsupial","authors":"Lida M. Franco, Francisco E. Fontúrbel, Giovany Guevara, Mauricio Soto-Gamboa","doi":"10.1186/s40693-019-0088-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40693-019-0088-y","url":null,"abstract":"BackgroundBehavior and activity patterns largely determine animal’s fitness and their ecological roles. Those patterns depend on many factors, being body mass, sex and age the most relevant in mammals. Particularly, those factors altogether with environmental conditions could influence movement behavior of mammals that hibernate, such as the Monito del monte (Dromiciops gliroides).MethodsTo evaluate its movement behavior and activity we radio-tracked D. gliroides 12 individuals (8 females and 4 males, corresponding to 5 adults and 7 sub-adults) during the austral summer. With the estimated locations we estimated home ranges, core areas and their relationship with body mass. We also assessed movement speed during early (19:00 to 01:00 h), peak (01:00 to 03:00 h) and late (03:00 to 07:00 h) activity periods. This study was conducted at the San Martín experimental forest (Valdivia, southern Chile).ResultsEstimated home range areas were 1.04 ± 0.20 ha, and core areas were 0.27 ± 0.06 ha; we found no significant differences between males and females, nor between adults and sub-adults. Home range and core areas were independent of body mass in females but showed positive relationships in males. Core area overlap was larger between sub-adult and adult individuals (35%) than between adult males and females (13%). Average movement D. gliroides speed was 1.45 m/min, reaching its lowest value during the peak activity period (01:00 to 03:00 h), but being faster during early and late activity periods. Those speed differences may be related to travelling and foraging activities.ConclusionHome range and core areas estimated here showed a large variability, which can be related to environmental factors. Home range size was positively correlated with body mass on males but not on females. Also, lower movement speeds at the peak activity period suggest that D. gliroides concentrates feeding activities at this time. As D. gliroides disperses the seeds of at least 16 native plant species, its movement behavior also has important consequences at the community level.","PeriodicalId":21247,"journal":{"name":"Revista Chilena de Historia Natural","volume":"79 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2019-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138517216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Density-dependent effect of allelopathy on germination and seedling emergence in two Ipomoea species","authors":"Zoila Mercedes Aguilar-Franco, Alejandro Flores-Palacios, Alejandro Flores-Morales, Irene Perea-Arango, José de Jesús Arellano-García, Susana Valencia-Díaz","doi":"10.1186/s40693-019-0087-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40693-019-0087-z","url":null,"abstract":"BackgroundDensity in inter and intraspecific plant-plant interactions affects the action modes of allelopathy (autotoxicity, negative and positive allelopathy). Some seeds exude compounds that inhibit the germination of others. Ipomoea murucoides and I. pauciflora are sympatric tree species that form patches at the local scale where one or the other dominates, possibly due to allelopathy in the seeds. The objective of this study was to determine the possible density-dependence of the allelopathic effect among seeds of these species through the measure of seed germination and seedling emergence.MethodsIn both species, allelopathy was measured as: a) germination in mixed sowing of both species at different proportions, b) germination in single-species trials at different densities after adding seed extracts of both species, and c) seedling emergence in seed mixtures of both species sown at different proportions beneath canopies of the two Ipomoea species.ResultsSeed germination of I. murucoides was increased by the presence of I. pauciflora and diminished at higher densities of its own seeds; however, seed germination of I. pauciflora was not affected by the presence of I. murucoides seeds. The addition of extracts (either from conspecifics or congeneric) diminished the germination of both species and at higher seed densities the germination was lower. Seedling emergence did not depend on the species under which the seeds were sown nor on the density of the seeds.ConclusionsThe germination experiments evidenced positive allelopathy and/or autotoxicity, while there was no evidence of allelopathic effects in seedling emergence. The allelopathic activity is reported in the seeds of these species for the first time.","PeriodicalId":21247,"journal":{"name":"Revista Chilena de Historia Natural","volume":"1 1 1","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2019-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138517234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A five-year retrospective study on patterns of casuistry and insights on the current status of wildlife rescue and rehabilitation centers in Chile","authors":"Francisca Romero, Angelo Espinoza, Nicole Sallaberry-Pincheira, Constanza Napolitano","doi":"10.1186/s40693-019-0086-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40693-019-0086-0","url":null,"abstract":"BackgroundHuman activities are permanently threatening wildlife. Wildlife Rescue and Rehabilitation Centers (WRRC) have served for the rescue, rehabilitation and reinsertion of affected and recovered animals.MethodsWe reviewed the casuistry of five wildlife rescue and rehabilitation centers in Chile over 5 years, and described the main causes of admission, most affected taxonomic groups and final outcomes of the admitted individuals, shedding light into general patterns and relevant factors currently affecting wildlife in Chile. To understand the current work and status of WRRC system in Chile, we also conducted a qualitative survey to WRRC personnel and Agricultural and Livestock Service (SAG) regional offices regarding their operation.ResultsA total of 3418 cases of animals admitted to WRRC were obtained; 95.3% corresponded to native species. Of native animal cases, 86.0% corresponded to birds, 12.3% were mammals and 1.7% reptiles. Trauma was the most frequently observed cause of admission in all three native fauna groups (35.8% in birds, 23.2% in mammals, 27.8% in reptiles).ConclusionsWRRC are a tool for conservation and education of wild animal species in Chile, however WRRC and SAG regional office personnel highlighted several deficiencies in the current system and suggested opportunities for improvement. The current WRRC system needs modernization and financial support from the Chilean state to fulfil their relevant mission.","PeriodicalId":21247,"journal":{"name":"Revista Chilena de Historia Natural","volume":"23 1","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2019-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138517215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Community signals of the effect of Didymosphenia geminata (Lingbye) M. Schmidt on benthic diatom communities in Chilean rivers","authors":"Jacqueline Salvo Pereira, Alejandra Oyanedel Pérez","doi":"10.1186/s40693-019-0084-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40693-019-0084-2","url":null,"abstract":"BackgroundDidymosphenia geminata (Lingbye) M. Schmidt is a freshwater invasive benthic diatom native to oligotrophic systems of the Northern Hemisphere. Since 2010, freshwater systems of south-austral Chile, have experienced a progressive invasion of this species between 37° 18′ S and 54° 30′ S. This invaded area is characterized by biogeographic heterogeneity, anthropic pressure and lack of knowledge. The objective of this study was to analyze the effect of D. geminata on the community structure of benthic diatoms and the variability of this effect in Chilean rivers.MethodsThe data were collected between 2010 and 2017 and pre-treated using fourth-root transformation to construct a Bray-Curtis similarity matrix and a Principal Coordinate Analysis to identify groups of sites. The α diversity and β diversity were estimated and compared using univariate indexes and the Mann-Whitney test, respectively. We used Permutational multivariate analyses of variance (PERMANOVA) and PERMDISP to estimate the spatial variation of communities, and an Analysis of Percentage Similarity (SIMPER) was performed to identify the species which contributed to the similarity between the groups of sites.ResultsThe results suggest significant differences between invaded and noninvaded rivers (54% of the total variation); the univariate indexes showed greater richness (S), greater diversity (H′), and less species turnover in invaded rivers. The PERMANOVA indicated significant interaction between D. geminata and the basins; there was also a significant effect on the internal dispersion in the basins. The SIMPER analysis showed that the groups composed exclusively of invaded sites had high mean similarity in all basins and small pedunculated benthic diatoms showed a significant response to the presence of D. geminata.ConclusionWe found high variability in the community structures, that determine a strong segregation between non-invaded and invaded sites by D. geminata, and that the main effect of D. geminata on diatoms benthic was the homogenization of the communities. This is reflected in the increase in density of small stalked diatoms and the reduction of species turnover among rivers in the same basin, leading to the loss of community heterogeneity that overcomes the spatial heterogeneity in the area invaded in Chile.","PeriodicalId":21247,"journal":{"name":"Revista Chilena de Historia Natural","volume":"18 1","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2019-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138517220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of organic matter in intermittent and perennial rivers of Mediterranean Chile with the support of citizen science","authors":"Kate Brintrup, Cecilia Amigo, José Fernández, Amparo Hernández, Felipe Pérez, Jorge Félez-Bernal, Andrea Butturini, Katia Saez-Carrillo, Mariela A. Yevenes, Ricardo Figueroa","doi":"10.1186/s40693-019-0083-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40693-019-0083-3","url":null,"abstract":"BackgroundAlthough intermittent rivers account for over half of the global fluvial network and could increase in length and quantity in Mediterranean climates (in response to climate changes), there is little documentation of organic matter input to them. This study was made possible by the cooperation of the Concepción Chiguayante School community and the Explora project (Chile), with the support of citizen science. The aim was to compare coarse particulate organic matter quantities and types in the Lonquén basin.MethodsSamplings were performed in two perennial rivers and two intermittent rivers. First, the riparian vegetation of the streams was characterized through photointerpretation and subsequently the organic matter accumulated in the selected river beds was quantified and typified. Spearman’s correlation was used.ResultsThe riparian vegetation was similar in both types of rivers, though significantly greater (p < 0.05) plant material accumulation was found in intermittent rivers compared to perennial rivers (1029 and 337 g m− 2, respectively). Likewise, there was a significant relationship among leaves, smaller organic matter, seeds, herbs and shrubs in intermittent rivers.ConclusionsThe results reveal the importance of the intermittent rivers that were sampled as transitory reservoirs of organic matter with high productive potential, especially in the first flood pulses, when this material is transported downstream.","PeriodicalId":21247,"journal":{"name":"Revista Chilena de Historia Natural","volume":"40 2","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2019-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138496610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}