Pub Date : 2014-12-04DOI: 10.1109/ICGPR.2014.6970379
V. Pérez-Gracia, S. Santos-Assunçao, O. Caselles, J. Clapés, J. Canas
A large number of buildings in Barcelona city were built during the XIX Century, using wooden beams and masonry. Nowadays, these structures, some of them declared architectural heritage, suffer damages and important deterioration. Geophysical surveys by means of ground-penetrating radar could provide valuable information on the most damaged areas of the beams, and could supply useful data to improve restoration policy and heritage protection. The knowledge of the structure is needed in many cases, but often there is not information about the internal structure and the constructive techniques. However, a large number of supporting structures use to be embedded in the floor and covered by mortar, obstructing the direct visual inspection. Therefore, the access to the structure can be one of the highest difficulties in those inspections because the direct access is not possible. Hence, GPR was applied to determine internal constructive wooden elements and its state of conservation. In this work, several buildings were studied to locate damaged beams and to identify internal structures. Differences in reflections due to damaged and healthy beams appear are clearly highlighted in GPR images in several cases, while in other, differences are not so apparent.
{"title":"Study of wood beams in buildings with ground penetrating radar","authors":"V. Pérez-Gracia, S. Santos-Assunçao, O. Caselles, J. Clapés, J. Canas","doi":"10.1109/ICGPR.2014.6970379","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICGPR.2014.6970379","url":null,"abstract":"A large number of buildings in Barcelona city were built during the XIX Century, using wooden beams and masonry. Nowadays, these structures, some of them declared architectural heritage, suffer damages and important deterioration. Geophysical surveys by means of ground-penetrating radar could provide valuable information on the most damaged areas of the beams, and could supply useful data to improve restoration policy and heritage protection. The knowledge of the structure is needed in many cases, but often there is not information about the internal structure and the constructive techniques. However, a large number of supporting structures use to be embedded in the floor and covered by mortar, obstructing the direct visual inspection. Therefore, the access to the structure can be one of the highest difficulties in those inspections because the direct access is not possible. Hence, GPR was applied to determine internal constructive wooden elements and its state of conservation. In this work, several buildings were studied to locate damaged beams and to identify internal structures. Differences in reflections due to damaged and healthy beams appear are clearly highlighted in GPR images in several cases, while in other, differences are not so apparent.","PeriodicalId":212710,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Ground Penetrating Radar","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127615478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-12-04DOI: 10.1109/ICGPR.2014.6970573
Jeremy Pile, A. Switzer, H. Lee, Sheena Harpal Kaur
The smuggling of contraband and high-duty items is a problem faced by governments across the globe. In Singapore, a common method of smuggling small contraband items (e.g. cigarettes, drugs, weapons) is to hide them in consignments of fresh fish packed in ice. Inspection of suspect vessels is a time and labour intensive process. Inspections can also occur at sea, where movement around the vessel is hazardous and unpacking of cargo is problematic. A possible solution to these problems is the use of High Frequency Ground Penetrating Radar (HFGPR). In this pilot study we use 1000MHz shielded antenna to examine the contents of typical containers used in the packing and transport of fish. Fish were found to be invisible to HFGPR, with reflections similar to crushed ice. Simulated contraband placed in the ice filled boxes was detected by the GPR as voids or a reflection hyperbola (in the case of a metal knife). Our early results attest to the potential of HFGPR as a utility for contraband detection.
{"title":"Examination of ice filled fish crates using High-Frequency Ground Penetrating Radar - Contraband detection","authors":"Jeremy Pile, A. Switzer, H. Lee, Sheena Harpal Kaur","doi":"10.1109/ICGPR.2014.6970573","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICGPR.2014.6970573","url":null,"abstract":"The smuggling of contraband and high-duty items is a problem faced by governments across the globe. In Singapore, a common method of smuggling small contraband items (e.g. cigarettes, drugs, weapons) is to hide them in consignments of fresh fish packed in ice. Inspection of suspect vessels is a time and labour intensive process. Inspections can also occur at sea, where movement around the vessel is hazardous and unpacking of cargo is problematic. A possible solution to these problems is the use of High Frequency Ground Penetrating Radar (HFGPR). In this pilot study we use 1000MHz shielded antenna to examine the contents of typical containers used in the packing and transport of fish. Fish were found to be invisible to HFGPR, with reflections similar to crushed ice. Simulated contraband placed in the ice filled boxes was detected by the GPR as voids or a reflection hyperbola (in the case of a metal knife). Our early results attest to the potential of HFGPR as a utility for contraband detection.","PeriodicalId":212710,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Ground Penetrating Radar","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131214410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-12-04DOI: 10.1109/ICGPR.2014.6970500
N. Allroggen, J. Tronicke, L. van Schaik
Preferential flow due to fingering, funnelling or macropore flow results in small scale spatial variability in infiltration. On the plot scale (~ 1 m × 1 m), a common method to characterize such infiftration patterns are sprinkling experiments using dye tracers. Typically, the resulting patterns are analyzed after excavation using digital photographs of selected vertical 2D slices. The observed preferential flow paths vary in scafe from centimeters to decimeters width, often reveafing rather compficated 3D flow networks. In this study, we examine the potential of surface based 3D ground-penetrating radar (GPR) to image subsurface flow patterns from such dye tracer experiments. Our approach is based on time-tapse 3D (i.e., 4D) GPR surveys using 500 MHz antennas. In a case study, we compare the resufts from our GPR-based imaging approach to the patterns observed in digitaf photographs after excavation. Our resuits show that GPR is a feasibie technique to non-invasiveiy image major flow patterns in 3D and, compared to the ctassicaf invasive approach, provides the opportunity to image the temporat evofution of the associated infiltration patterns.
指进、漏斗流或大孔流导致的优先流动导致了小尺度的入渗空间变异性。在地块尺度(~ 1 m × 1 m)上，表征这种渗透模式的常用方法是使用染料示踪剂进行喷洒实验。通常，在使用选定的垂直二维切片的数字照片进行挖掘后分析所得到的图案。观察到的优先流道在厘米到分米的宽度范围内变化，往往揭示出相当复杂的三维流动网络。在这项研究中，我们研究了基于表面的3D探地雷达(GPR)从这种染料示踪剂实验中成像地下流动模式的潜力。我们的方法是基于使用500 MHz天线的时间带3D(即4D)探地雷达调查。在一个案例研究中，我们将基于gpr的成像方法的结果与挖掘后的数字照片中观察到的模式进行了比较。我们的研究结果表明，GPR是一种可行的非侵入性3D成像技术，与传统侵入方法相比，它提供了成像相关浸润模式的时间演变的机会。
{"title":"Time-lapse 3D GPR imaging of brilliant blue infiltration experiments","authors":"N. Allroggen, J. Tronicke, L. van Schaik","doi":"10.1109/ICGPR.2014.6970500","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICGPR.2014.6970500","url":null,"abstract":"Preferential flow due to fingering, funnelling or macropore flow results in small scale spatial variability in infiltration. On the plot scale (~ 1 m × 1 m), a common method to characterize such infiftration patterns are sprinkling experiments using dye tracers. Typically, the resulting patterns are analyzed after excavation using digital photographs of selected vertical 2D slices. The observed preferential flow paths vary in scafe from centimeters to decimeters width, often reveafing rather compficated 3D flow networks. In this study, we examine the potential of surface based 3D ground-penetrating radar (GPR) to image subsurface flow patterns from such dye tracer experiments. Our approach is based on time-tapse 3D (i.e., 4D) GPR surveys using 500 MHz antennas. In a case study, we compare the resufts from our GPR-based imaging approach to the patterns observed in digitaf photographs after excavation. Our resuits show that GPR is a feasibie technique to non-invasiveiy image major flow patterns in 3D and, compared to the ctassicaf invasive approach, provides the opportunity to image the temporat evofution of the associated infiltration patterns.","PeriodicalId":212710,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Ground Penetrating Radar","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133495245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-12-04DOI: 10.1109/ICGPR.2014.6970461
Kunwei Feng, Yonghui Zhao, Jiansheng Wu, S. Ge
Successful GPR cases related to defects detection to concrete liners of tunnels can be found in the last ten years. Generally, it was very difficult to get high quality data due to the limited data acquisition condition in tunnel, which might decrease the reliability of interpretation results. It is a great challenge to highlight the deep reflection events from the background with strong noise. Attribute analysis is an important tool that focused on the multi-properties of the signal. Here, cross-correlation attribute analysis has been proposed for GPR profile interpretation. It compares one trace with surrounding traces to determine degrees of similarity. improves the difference between the reflected wave from detection target and its surrounding mediums, which makes it easy to detect the anomaly that couldn't be found in original GPR time profile. A comparison between different kinds of time windows and sampling points is discussed to synthetic and real GPR data. Numerical simulation results shows that cross-correlation attribute analysis can effectively suppress background noises, low frequency disturbances and multiples. Application to the real data shows attribute analysis proved to be an effective method to detect the distribution of grouting layer behind tunnel lining.
{"title":"Cross-correlation attribute analysis of GPR data for tunnel engineering","authors":"Kunwei Feng, Yonghui Zhao, Jiansheng Wu, S. Ge","doi":"10.1109/ICGPR.2014.6970461","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICGPR.2014.6970461","url":null,"abstract":"Successful GPR cases related to defects detection to concrete liners of tunnels can be found in the last ten years. Generally, it was very difficult to get high quality data due to the limited data acquisition condition in tunnel, which might decrease the reliability of interpretation results. It is a great challenge to highlight the deep reflection events from the background with strong noise. Attribute analysis is an important tool that focused on the multi-properties of the signal. Here, cross-correlation attribute analysis has been proposed for GPR profile interpretation. It compares one trace with surrounding traces to determine degrees of similarity. improves the difference between the reflected wave from detection target and its surrounding mediums, which makes it easy to detect the anomaly that couldn't be found in original GPR time profile. A comparison between different kinds of time windows and sampling points is discussed to synthetic and real GPR data. Numerical simulation results shows that cross-correlation attribute analysis can effectively suppress background noises, low frequency disturbances and multiples. Application to the real data shows attribute analysis proved to be an effective method to detect the distribution of grouting layer behind tunnel lining.","PeriodicalId":212710,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Ground Penetrating Radar","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114204358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-12-04DOI: 10.1109/ICGPR.2014.6970533
Youcheng Wang, Jinjin Shao, Chao Chen, Yicai Ji, Zhou Bin, G. Fang, Hailong Zhang, Lirui Wang
A novel low-cost 4-element planar array antenna directly fed by a coaxial cable for Ultrawideband (UWB) application is presented. The proposed antenna consists of 2*2 bowtie elements and a simple 1*4 power divider feeding network. Comparing with the basic bowtie element, the impedance bandwidth of the array antenna has a significant improvement that the low cut-off frequency is extended from 6GHz of the bowtie element to 2GHz. The measured results show that the antenna has a bandwidth of 2GHz to 11GHz for VSWR<;2. The proposed antenna exhibits a bidirectional radiation pattern and a modest gain across the operating band and a peak gain of about 9 dBi at 11 GHz.
{"title":"Four-element planar array antenna for UWB application","authors":"Youcheng Wang, Jinjin Shao, Chao Chen, Yicai Ji, Zhou Bin, G. Fang, Hailong Zhang, Lirui Wang","doi":"10.1109/ICGPR.2014.6970533","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICGPR.2014.6970533","url":null,"abstract":"A novel low-cost 4-element planar array antenna directly fed by a coaxial cable for Ultrawideband (UWB) application is presented. The proposed antenna consists of 2*2 bowtie elements and a simple 1*4 power divider feeding network. Comparing with the basic bowtie element, the impedance bandwidth of the array antenna has a significant improvement that the low cut-off frequency is extended from 6GHz of the bowtie element to 2GHz. The measured results show that the antenna has a bandwidth of 2GHz to 11GHz for VSWR<;2. The proposed antenna exhibits a bidirectional radiation pattern and a modest gain across the operating band and a peak gain of about 9 dBi at 11 GHz.","PeriodicalId":212710,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Ground Penetrating Radar","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133616656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-12-04DOI: 10.1109/ICGPR.2014.6970566
M. Ercoli, C. Pauselli, E. Forte, R. Volpe, C. Federico
The Castrovillari basin is located in Northern Calabria, along a sector of the Southern Apennines (Italy). This area is classified by the seismologists as a seismic “gap”, anyway capable of strong earthquakes generation, in a similar way as the adjacent active basins. A 2D and 3D GPR survey, integrated by geological, morphological and paleo-seismological studies, was done across one branch of the Castrovillary fault, a normal fault highlighted on the surface by a series pronounced scarps. The principal aim of the present study was the detection and characterization of the main fault zone and of possible faults strands. We first recorded several 2D common offset GPR profiles along a E-W valley that intercepts the scarps, to focus a smallest area on which acquire a 3D dataset. We used classic interpretative techniques, employing vertical sections, horizontal slices and horizon tracking, together with the calculation of amplitudes and phase related attributes. The information achieved, were useful to plan and realize a new paleo-seismological trench, necessary to intercept events of Holocene faulting, attesting the recent seismic activity of the area. As results, the detection and interpretability of faults, fractures and sedimentary bodies were significantly improved, demonstrating optimal agreement between geophysical and geological datasets.
{"title":"2D-3D GPR as an efficient tool for paleoseismology: A successful case history across the Castrovillari fault (southern Apennines, Italy)","authors":"M. Ercoli, C. Pauselli, E. Forte, R. Volpe, C. Federico","doi":"10.1109/ICGPR.2014.6970566","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICGPR.2014.6970566","url":null,"abstract":"The Castrovillari basin is located in Northern Calabria, along a sector of the Southern Apennines (Italy). This area is classified by the seismologists as a seismic “gap”, anyway capable of strong earthquakes generation, in a similar way as the adjacent active basins. A 2D and 3D GPR survey, integrated by geological, morphological and paleo-seismological studies, was done across one branch of the Castrovillary fault, a normal fault highlighted on the surface by a series pronounced scarps. The principal aim of the present study was the detection and characterization of the main fault zone and of possible faults strands. We first recorded several 2D common offset GPR profiles along a E-W valley that intercepts the scarps, to focus a smallest area on which acquire a 3D dataset. We used classic interpretative techniques, employing vertical sections, horizontal slices and horizon tracking, together with the calculation of amplitudes and phase related attributes. The information achieved, were useful to plan and realize a new paleo-seismological trench, necessary to intercept events of Holocene faulting, attesting the recent seismic activity of the area. As results, the detection and interpretability of faults, fractures and sedimentary bodies were significantly improved, demonstrating optimal agreement between geophysical and geological datasets.","PeriodicalId":212710,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Ground Penetrating Radar","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133089044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-12-04DOI: 10.1109/ICGPR.2014.6970490
X. Xiao, A. Ihamouten, G. Villain, Xavier Dérobert
The knowledge of moisture content in surface concrete structure is a major subject of interest frequently studied by ground-penetrating radar (GPR) techniques. This paper proposes a parametric study of an extraction technique of the direct wave dispersion-technique originally applied for seismological data and adapted to GPR waves. The herein procedure includes the picking of the direct wave in the material and the calculation of the dispersion curve of the phase velocity in function of frequency, using the f - β transform. Unfortunately, for GPR signals, many factors can introduce inaccuracies into the determination of the dispersion curves. In this case, we need to know the influence of different parameters used in this processing methodology.
{"title":"Parametric study on processing GPR signals to get a dispersion curve","authors":"X. Xiao, A. Ihamouten, G. Villain, Xavier Dérobert","doi":"10.1109/ICGPR.2014.6970490","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICGPR.2014.6970490","url":null,"abstract":"The knowledge of moisture content in surface concrete structure is a major subject of interest frequently studied by ground-penetrating radar (GPR) techniques. This paper proposes a parametric study of an extraction technique of the direct wave dispersion-technique originally applied for seismological data and adapted to GPR waves. The herein procedure includes the picking of the direct wave in the material and the calculation of the dispersion curve of the phase velocity in function of frequency, using the f - β transform. Unfortunately, for GPR signals, many factors can introduce inaccuracies into the determination of the dispersion curves. In this case, we need to know the influence of different parameters used in this processing methodology.","PeriodicalId":212710,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Ground Penetrating Radar","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133526619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-12-04DOI: 10.1109/ICGPR.2014.6970501
Linlin Lei, Sixin Liu, L. Fu, Xu Meng, Junjun Wu
Reverse-time migration (RTM) is used to handle complex velocity models including steeply dipping interfaces and dramatic variations in transverse velocity, which promises better imaging results compared with traditional migration methods such as Kirchhoff migration algorithm. RTM has been increasingly used in oil and gas seismic exploration. Based on the similarity of kinematics and dynamics between electromagnetic wave and elastic wave, we apply pre-stack RTM method to process Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) data in this paper. Finite-difference time domain (FDTD) numerical method is used to simulate the electromagnetic wave propagation including forward and backward extrapolation, the cross-correlation imaging condition is used to obtain the final image. Evaluation is in the context of a complex geological structure model; the Gaussian random roughness surface is introduced to represent the underground layer interface; common offset radar data and multi-shot wide-angle reflection and refraction (WARR) radar data are synthesized. The migration results from electromagnetic wave pre-stack RTM show excellent coincidence with the true model.
{"title":"Examples of pre-stack reverse-time migration applied to ground penetrate radar synthetic data","authors":"Linlin Lei, Sixin Liu, L. Fu, Xu Meng, Junjun Wu","doi":"10.1109/ICGPR.2014.6970501","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICGPR.2014.6970501","url":null,"abstract":"Reverse-time migration (RTM) is used to handle complex velocity models including steeply dipping interfaces and dramatic variations in transverse velocity, which promises better imaging results compared with traditional migration methods such as Kirchhoff migration algorithm. RTM has been increasingly used in oil and gas seismic exploration. Based on the similarity of kinematics and dynamics between electromagnetic wave and elastic wave, we apply pre-stack RTM method to process Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) data in this paper. Finite-difference time domain (FDTD) numerical method is used to simulate the electromagnetic wave propagation including forward and backward extrapolation, the cross-correlation imaging condition is used to obtain the final image. Evaluation is in the context of a complex geological structure model; the Gaussian random roughness surface is introduced to represent the underground layer interface; common offset radar data and multi-shot wide-angle reflection and refraction (WARR) radar data are synthesized. The migration results from electromagnetic wave pre-stack RTM show excellent coincidence with the true model.","PeriodicalId":212710,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Ground Penetrating Radar","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127393882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Based on the operational principles of ground penetrating radar (GPR) and the practical demanding of well prospecting, we designed an integrated borehole radar system which is assembled by antennas, transmitter, receiving system, and ground data processing sections. The transmission signal of this system is nanosecond, and the frequency of echo signal is high. It requires that, when the real-time sampling method is adopted, the conversion rate of A/D converter should be greater than 1 GHz. Therefore, we used an equivalent time sampling method. A borehole radar system was assembled by above mentioned components and tested in an actual oil well. The obtained data was processed and compared with that obtained by conventional logging instruments. Well coherent results were obtained. It proved this borehole radar system is able to identify the formation of abnormal points and different layers. Moreover, the detection range of the radar system, is longer than 5 m, is much better than that of the conventional logging instruments. It convinced that this system has foreseeable potential in oil well prospecting.
{"title":"Design and tests of a borehole radar for oil well prospecting","authors":"J. Huo, Qing Zhao, Chunguang Ma, Xu Sun, Likai Wang, Yong Bo, X. Chang, Yong-gang Zhao","doi":"10.1109/ICGPR.2014.6970535","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICGPR.2014.6970535","url":null,"abstract":"Based on the operational principles of ground penetrating radar (GPR) and the practical demanding of well prospecting, we designed an integrated borehole radar system which is assembled by antennas, transmitter, receiving system, and ground data processing sections. The transmission signal of this system is nanosecond, and the frequency of echo signal is high. It requires that, when the real-time sampling method is adopted, the conversion rate of A/D converter should be greater than 1 GHz. Therefore, we used an equivalent time sampling method. A borehole radar system was assembled by above mentioned components and tested in an actual oil well. The obtained data was processed and compared with that obtained by conventional logging instruments. Well coherent results were obtained. It proved this borehole radar system is able to identify the formation of abnormal points and different layers. Moreover, the detection range of the radar system, is longer than 5 m, is much better than that of the conventional logging instruments. It convinced that this system has foreseeable potential in oil well prospecting.","PeriodicalId":212710,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Ground Penetrating Radar","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129889944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-12-04DOI: 10.1109/ICGPR.2014.6970418
M. Nottebaere, M. Ardekani, S. Lambot, X. Neyt
Measuring the spatial distribution of soil moisture is important for agricultural, hydrological, meteorological and climatological research and applications. In this study, a new technique is developed to create soil moisture maps, based on the inversion of SAR measurements (RADARSAT-2, fine quad polarization) combined with GPR measurements. The Integral Equation Model is used to invert the SAR measurements, assuming a constant surface roughness and correlation length for the entire field, while the GPR data are inverted using a full wave inversion method. High resolution GPR measurements taken at different times under different land and weather conditions are used to generate a relative soil moisture landscape. We assume that these soil moisture difference patterns show little variation over time. By combining the inverted SAR data with a transformation of the soil moisture difference landscape, a high resolution soil moisture map is generated. The high resolution soil moisture maps show good agreement with the measured GPR soil moisture maps. The advantage of this technique is that once the relative soil moisture difference landscape is created, it allows the creation of new high resolution soil moisture maps later, by only taking a SAR image.
{"title":"SAR-image derived soil moisture enhancement using GPR data","authors":"M. Nottebaere, M. Ardekani, S. Lambot, X. Neyt","doi":"10.1109/ICGPR.2014.6970418","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICGPR.2014.6970418","url":null,"abstract":"Measuring the spatial distribution of soil moisture is important for agricultural, hydrological, meteorological and climatological research and applications. In this study, a new technique is developed to create soil moisture maps, based on the inversion of SAR measurements (RADARSAT-2, fine quad polarization) combined with GPR measurements. The Integral Equation Model is used to invert the SAR measurements, assuming a constant surface roughness and correlation length for the entire field, while the GPR data are inverted using a full wave inversion method. High resolution GPR measurements taken at different times under different land and weather conditions are used to generate a relative soil moisture landscape. We assume that these soil moisture difference patterns show little variation over time. By combining the inverted SAR data with a transformation of the soil moisture difference landscape, a high resolution soil moisture map is generated. The high resolution soil moisture maps show good agreement with the measured GPR soil moisture maps. The advantage of this technique is that once the relative soil moisture difference landscape is created, it allows the creation of new high resolution soil moisture maps later, by only taking a SAR image.","PeriodicalId":212710,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Ground Penetrating Radar","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128012767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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