Pub Date : 2014-12-04DOI: 10.1109/ICGPR.2014.6970394
Aleksander Limisiewicz, A. Szynkiewicz, M. Udyrysz
Wejherowo Commune intended to expand a street located in the city centre. Widening would be at the expense of the fragment park. Within the current park was buried an old cemetery, whose exact boundaries were not known. As a result of the GPR survey there were detected anomalies indicating the existence of burials (graves) and the survey also determined their spatial arrangement. Archaeological studies have confirmed the GPR surveys forecast. Analysis of GPR echograms and comparison of them with the results of archaeological excavations allowed to determine which anomalies should be associated with burials in wooden coffins. Use of the GPR Method combined with archaeological surveys enables accurate design in urban planning resulting in lower costs and reduction in time needed to complete the investment.
{"title":"GPR survey in urban planning: Recognition of the former cemetery in the area of the current park","authors":"Aleksander Limisiewicz, A. Szynkiewicz, M. Udyrysz","doi":"10.1109/ICGPR.2014.6970394","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICGPR.2014.6970394","url":null,"abstract":"Wejherowo Commune intended to expand a street located in the city centre. Widening would be at the expense of the fragment park. Within the current park was buried an old cemetery, whose exact boundaries were not known. As a result of the GPR survey there were detected anomalies indicating the existence of burials (graves) and the survey also determined their spatial arrangement. Archaeological studies have confirmed the GPR surveys forecast. Analysis of GPR echograms and comparison of them with the results of archaeological excavations allowed to determine which anomalies should be associated with burials in wooden coffins. Use of the GPR Method combined with archaeological surveys enables accurate design in urban planning resulting in lower costs and reduction in time needed to complete the investment.","PeriodicalId":212710,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Ground Penetrating Radar","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124275204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-12-04DOI: 10.1109/ICGPR.2014.6970464
A. Ristic, M. Govedarica, M. Vrtunski, D. Pctrovacki
In this paper, a general procedure for creation of georeferenced underground structure model is described. It consists of standardized survey procedures and a generalized data model. The dominant survey technology in this procedure is GPR scanning. Analysis of the procedure was done on specific areas of interest (AOI). The specific AOI, on which this research is focused are levees, utilities and landslides. Survey procedures and data model for specific AOI were discussed through case studies. Case study for levee analysis was performed on flooding bank in Novi Sad, Serbia. Results included the localization of underground structure and manmade utilities (pipes) geometry, soil type identification and volumetric moisture content of a zone where permeable material was taken out from the bank. Cylindrical utilities are identified in radargrams by the specific hyperbolic shapes whose geometries contain information on the depth, radius, spatial orientation, and apparent relative permittivity of the soil surrounding the object. An efficient approach for pipe localization and wave propagation velocity based on fitted hyperbola geometries in radargrams is presented. Landslide analysis by GPR was done on the mountain Fruska Gora. Results included underground structure localization which represented status of the landslide after the first and second mitigation measures.
{"title":"Application of GPR for creating underground structure model of specific areas of interest","authors":"A. Ristic, M. Govedarica, M. Vrtunski, D. Pctrovacki","doi":"10.1109/ICGPR.2014.6970464","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICGPR.2014.6970464","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, a general procedure for creation of georeferenced underground structure model is described. It consists of standardized survey procedures and a generalized data model. The dominant survey technology in this procedure is GPR scanning. Analysis of the procedure was done on specific areas of interest (AOI). The specific AOI, on which this research is focused are levees, utilities and landslides. Survey procedures and data model for specific AOI were discussed through case studies. Case study for levee analysis was performed on flooding bank in Novi Sad, Serbia. Results included the localization of underground structure and manmade utilities (pipes) geometry, soil type identification and volumetric moisture content of a zone where permeable material was taken out from the bank. Cylindrical utilities are identified in radargrams by the specific hyperbolic shapes whose geometries contain information on the depth, radius, spatial orientation, and apparent relative permittivity of the soil surrounding the object. An efficient approach for pipe localization and wave propagation velocity based on fitted hyperbola geometries in radargrams is presented. Landslide analysis by GPR was done on the mountain Fruska Gora. Results included underground structure localization which represented status of the landslide after the first and second mitigation measures.","PeriodicalId":212710,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Ground Penetrating Radar","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122808930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-12-04DOI: 10.1109/ICGPR.2014.6970499
M. Salucci, P. Rocca, G. Oliveri, A. Massa
This work deals with subsurface imaging of buried objects when Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) is used for gathering time-domain data at the air-soil interface. An innovative inversion procedure based on the integration of a deterministic Conjugate-Gradient (CG) reconstruction procedure and the Iterative Multi-Scaling Approach (IMSA) able to exploit the frequency diversity of GPR data is presented. Here, suitable frequency components of the spectrum of the GPR field data are exploited through a Frequency Hopping (FH) strategy within the proposed IMSA-CG multi-zoom iterative inversion scheme. Numerical simulations show satisfactory results when dealing with scatterers characterized by various dimensions, shapes, and dielectric characteristics. Furthermore, the proposed method demonstrates to be robust against different noise levels and able to provide acceptable reconstruction accuracy although a limited amount of collected data.
{"title":"An innovative Frequency Hopping multi-zoom inversion strategy for GPR subsurface imaging","authors":"M. Salucci, P. Rocca, G. Oliveri, A. Massa","doi":"10.1109/ICGPR.2014.6970499","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICGPR.2014.6970499","url":null,"abstract":"This work deals with subsurface imaging of buried objects when Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) is used for gathering time-domain data at the air-soil interface. An innovative inversion procedure based on the integration of a deterministic Conjugate-Gradient (CG) reconstruction procedure and the Iterative Multi-Scaling Approach (IMSA) able to exploit the frequency diversity of GPR data is presented. Here, suitable frequency components of the spectrum of the GPR field data are exploited through a Frequency Hopping (FH) strategy within the proposed IMSA-CG multi-zoom iterative inversion scheme. Numerical simulations show satisfactory results when dealing with scatterers characterized by various dimensions, shapes, and dielectric characteristics. Furthermore, the proposed method demonstrates to be robust against different noise levels and able to provide acceptable reconstruction accuracy although a limited amount of collected data.","PeriodicalId":212710,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Ground Penetrating Radar","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121707651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-12-04DOI: 10.1109/ICGPR.2014.6970543
A. Zhuravlev, S. Ivashov, V. Razevig, I. Vasiliev, A. Bugaev
Manual data acquisition with holographic subsurface radar is quite tedious as it requires monotonous scanning with precise positioning at the beginning of each scan line and requirement to move along straight lines to obtain a microwave hologram. A good result with manual scanning requires some practice, which still leaves such difficulties as maintaining constant press to evade image interlace and rapidly degrading performance of the operator. To address these issues an electromechanical scanning system equipped with holographic subsurface radar is considered in the paper. The system allows automated acquisition of microwave holograms over an area with maximum dimension 77 by 84 cm and gives reproducible results through precise positioning. The scanning is performed with an adjustable distance to the surface without direct contact. The influence of a gap between scan plane and the sounding surface is later compensated by hologram reconstruction technique. The main mechanical and electronics components of the system are described as well as driver control strategy. A selection of acquired images is presented. The system is shown has significant increase in performance over manual scanning and recommended for automated data acquisition with other types of contact sensors.
{"title":"Automated data acquisition system for holographic subsurface radar","authors":"A. Zhuravlev, S. Ivashov, V. Razevig, I. Vasiliev, A. Bugaev","doi":"10.1109/ICGPR.2014.6970543","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICGPR.2014.6970543","url":null,"abstract":"Manual data acquisition with holographic subsurface radar is quite tedious as it requires monotonous scanning with precise positioning at the beginning of each scan line and requirement to move along straight lines to obtain a microwave hologram. A good result with manual scanning requires some practice, which still leaves such difficulties as maintaining constant press to evade image interlace and rapidly degrading performance of the operator. To address these issues an electromechanical scanning system equipped with holographic subsurface radar is considered in the paper. The system allows automated acquisition of microwave holograms over an area with maximum dimension 77 by 84 cm and gives reproducible results through precise positioning. The scanning is performed with an adjustable distance to the surface without direct contact. The influence of a gap between scan plane and the sounding surface is later compensated by hologram reconstruction technique. The main mechanical and electronics components of the system are described as well as driver control strategy. A selection of acquired images is presented. The system is shown has significant increase in performance over manual scanning and recommended for automated data acquisition with other types of contact sensors.","PeriodicalId":212710,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Ground Penetrating Radar","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131623919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-12-04DOI: 10.1109/ICGPR.2014.6970399
E. Léger, A. Saintenoy, Y. Coquet
In this study we present a Porchet infiltrometer experiment monitored by a Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR). The modeled radargram is compared with experiment and a first step into retrieving hydraulic parameters is shown. The experiment was carried out in a quarry of Fontainebleau sand, using a Malå RAMAC system with antennae centered on 800 MHz. Numerical models of the infiltration were made using SWMS-2D, numerical GPR data of the infiltration were computed using GprMax suite of programs. We generated 2D water content profiles associated with a set of Mualem-van Genuchten parameters, at each experimental time step with SWMS-2D. Then we converted those profiles to 2D permittivity profiles using the Complex Refractive Index Method relation, to solve the Maxwell's equation using GprMax2D. We found that on ground surface GPR is sensitive to the shape of the bulb and to variations of the Mualem-van Genuchten parameters. We propose a first step into an inversion of the saturated hydraulic conductivity by comparing the experimental and modeled two way travel time of the reflection on the top of the infiltration bulb.
{"title":"Estimating saturated hydraulic conductivity from ground-based GPR monitoring Porchet infiltration in sandy soil","authors":"E. Léger, A. Saintenoy, Y. Coquet","doi":"10.1109/ICGPR.2014.6970399","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICGPR.2014.6970399","url":null,"abstract":"In this study we present a Porchet infiltrometer experiment monitored by a Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR). The modeled radargram is compared with experiment and a first step into retrieving hydraulic parameters is shown. The experiment was carried out in a quarry of Fontainebleau sand, using a Malå RAMAC system with antennae centered on 800 MHz. Numerical models of the infiltration were made using SWMS-2D, numerical GPR data of the infiltration were computed using GprMax suite of programs. We generated 2D water content profiles associated with a set of Mualem-van Genuchten parameters, at each experimental time step with SWMS-2D. Then we converted those profiles to 2D permittivity profiles using the Complex Refractive Index Method relation, to solve the Maxwell's equation using GprMax2D. We found that on ground surface GPR is sensitive to the shape of the bulb and to variations of the Mualem-van Genuchten parameters. We propose a first step into an inversion of the saturated hydraulic conductivity by comparing the experimental and modeled two way travel time of the reflection on the top of the infiltration bulb.","PeriodicalId":212710,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Ground Penetrating Radar","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126598204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-12-04DOI: 10.1109/ICGPR.2014.6970431
S. Ge, Yonghui Zhao, Lanbo Liu, Zuohong Zhang, Liang Wang
This study focuses on the use of ground penetrating radar (GPR) to delineate riprap layers in cross sections of tidal flat embankments. Foundation treatments are an important consideration in the reclamation of tidal flats and for offshore engineering in coastal areas with soft soils. Such treatments generally consist of explosive riprap fill. The bottom depth and cross-sectional shape of the riprap, which are important components of the body of an embankment, determine the effectiveness of the fill in foundation treatments and embankment stabilization efforts. Thus, identification of the bottom depth and the cross-sectional shape are important steps in the effective design and implementation of riprap fill projects. Here, we focus on a case study of a tidal flat embankment in the Zhejiang area. A comparison of the dielectric properties of a riprap layer and its surrounding soils indicates that this layer can be detected using GPR. We also present new drillhole-verified radar wave propagation velocity data for different materials obtained in this study. The velocity analysis enabled the reconstruction of the cross-section of riprap using GPR profiles. This study indicates that effective and economic riprap detection can be achieved by GPR with additional corroboration from only a few drillholes.
{"title":"The potential use of GPR in the exploration for riprap layers in tidal flat embankment","authors":"S. Ge, Yonghui Zhao, Lanbo Liu, Zuohong Zhang, Liang Wang","doi":"10.1109/ICGPR.2014.6970431","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICGPR.2014.6970431","url":null,"abstract":"This study focuses on the use of ground penetrating radar (GPR) to delineate riprap layers in cross sections of tidal flat embankments. Foundation treatments are an important consideration in the reclamation of tidal flats and for offshore engineering in coastal areas with soft soils. Such treatments generally consist of explosive riprap fill. The bottom depth and cross-sectional shape of the riprap, which are important components of the body of an embankment, determine the effectiveness of the fill in foundation treatments and embankment stabilization efforts. Thus, identification of the bottom depth and the cross-sectional shape are important steps in the effective design and implementation of riprap fill projects. Here, we focus on a case study of a tidal flat embankment in the Zhejiang area. A comparison of the dielectric properties of a riprap layer and its surrounding soils indicates that this layer can be detected using GPR. We also present new drillhole-verified radar wave propagation velocity data for different materials obtained in this study. The velocity analysis enabled the reconstruction of the cross-section of riprap using GPR profiles. This study indicates that effective and economic riprap detection can be achieved by GPR with additional corroboration from only a few drillholes.","PeriodicalId":212710,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Ground Penetrating Radar","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131875382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-12-04DOI: 10.1109/ICGPR.2014.6970420
J. Bradford, M. Thoma, W. Barrash
During water table drawdown the differential relationship between hydraulic conductivity and the distance above the water saturated zone (SZ) leads to delay in drainage and stretching of the transition zone. The ground-penetrating radar (GPR) reflection from the SZ depends both on the width and shape of the transition zone, and dynamic changes of the saturation curve alter the GPR reflection amplitude, frequency, and phase. We have implemented a method to invert directly for van Genuchten-Mualem parameters from time-lapse GPR data acquired during a pumping test. The forward model consists of simulating the dynamic water saturation response to drawdown, integrated with a model of GPR response based on the full analytic reflectivity solution. We use a gradient based, multi-parameter method to optimize for an effective GPR source function and three van Genuchten-Mualem parameters Ks, n, and α, where Ks is the saturated hydraulic conductivity and n and α are fit parameters that control the shape of the soil-moisture retention curve. For field data acquired at the Boise Hydrogeophysical Research Site, this approach provided a hydrologic parameter set that substantially improved the fit to in-situ soil moisture curves over an initial “best-guess” model.
{"title":"Estimating hydrologic parameters from water table dynamics using coupled hydrologic and ground-penetrating radar inversion","authors":"J. Bradford, M. Thoma, W. Barrash","doi":"10.1109/ICGPR.2014.6970420","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICGPR.2014.6970420","url":null,"abstract":"During water table drawdown the differential relationship between hydraulic conductivity and the distance above the water saturated zone (SZ) leads to delay in drainage and stretching of the transition zone. The ground-penetrating radar (GPR) reflection from the SZ depends both on the width and shape of the transition zone, and dynamic changes of the saturation curve alter the GPR reflection amplitude, frequency, and phase. We have implemented a method to invert directly for van Genuchten-Mualem parameters from time-lapse GPR data acquired during a pumping test. The forward model consists of simulating the dynamic water saturation response to drawdown, integrated with a model of GPR response based on the full analytic reflectivity solution. We use a gradient based, multi-parameter method to optimize for an effective GPR source function and three van Genuchten-Mualem parameters Ks, n, and α, where Ks is the saturated hydraulic conductivity and n and α are fit parameters that control the shape of the soil-moisture retention curve. For field data acquired at the Boise Hydrogeophysical Research Site, this approach provided a hydrologic parameter set that substantially improved the fit to in-situ soil moisture curves over an initial “best-guess” model.","PeriodicalId":212710,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Ground Penetrating Radar","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131960891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-12-04DOI: 10.1109/ICGPR.2014.6970495
Elias Tebchrany, F. Sagnard, V. Baltazart, J. Tarel, Xavier Dérobert
A bi-static Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) has been developed for the detection of cracks and buried pipes in urban grounds. It is made of two shielded Ultra Wide Band (UWB) bowtie-slot antennas operating in the frequency band [0.3;4] GHz. GPR signals contain not only responses of targets, but also unwanted effects from antenna coupling in air and in the soil, system ringing, and soil reflections that can mask the proper detection of useful information. Thus, it appears necessary to propose and assess several clutter reduction techniques as pre-processing techniques to improve the signal-to-noise ratio, discriminate overlapping responses issued from the targets and the clutter, and ease the use of data processing algorithms for target detection, identification or reconstruction. In this work, we have evaluated on Bscan profiles three different statistical data analysis such as mean subtraction, Principal Component Analysis (PCA), and Independent Component Analysis (ICA) considering a shallow and a medium depth target. The receiver operating characteristics (ROC) graph has allowed to evaluate the performance of each data processing in simulations and measurements to further draw a comparison in order to select the technique most adapted to a given soil structure with its radar probing system.
{"title":"Assessment of statistical-based clutter reduction techniques on ground-coupled GPR data for the detection of buried objects in soils","authors":"Elias Tebchrany, F. Sagnard, V. Baltazart, J. Tarel, Xavier Dérobert","doi":"10.1109/ICGPR.2014.6970495","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICGPR.2014.6970495","url":null,"abstract":"A bi-static Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) has been developed for the detection of cracks and buried pipes in urban grounds. It is made of two shielded Ultra Wide Band (UWB) bowtie-slot antennas operating in the frequency band [0.3;4] GHz. GPR signals contain not only responses of targets, but also unwanted effects from antenna coupling in air and in the soil, system ringing, and soil reflections that can mask the proper detection of useful information. Thus, it appears necessary to propose and assess several clutter reduction techniques as pre-processing techniques to improve the signal-to-noise ratio, discriminate overlapping responses issued from the targets and the clutter, and ease the use of data processing algorithms for target detection, identification or reconstruction. In this work, we have evaluated on Bscan profiles three different statistical data analysis such as mean subtraction, Principal Component Analysis (PCA), and Independent Component Analysis (ICA) considering a shallow and a medium depth target. The receiver operating characteristics (ROC) graph has allowed to evaluate the performance of each data processing in simulations and measurements to further draw a comparison in order to select the technique most adapted to a given soil structure with its radar probing system.","PeriodicalId":212710,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Ground Penetrating Radar","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128205145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-12-04DOI: 10.1109/ICGPR.2014.6970497
D. Comite, A. Galli, I. Catapano, F. Soldovieri, E. Pettinelli
This study aims at investigating the advances in terms of the reconstruction capabilities offered by an ad-hoc imaging procedure capable of accounting for the actual radiation features of the Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) antennas. The study is carried out by using a `synthetic setup', which is implemented with a numerical tool able to simulate the characteristics of the antenna system as well as the signals used for the actual illumination. This enables us to obtain an accurate determination of both the incident and the backscattered electromagnetic (EM) fields in the investigated scenarios. GPR data are then processed by means of a consolidated frequency-domain microwave tomographic approach, which is reformulated in such a way to consider the actual EM field radiated by the adopted transmitting antenna. A representative example referred to synthetic data is provided to manage and discuss the improvements in the imaging process achievable with the proposed approach.
{"title":"An improved tomographic approach for accurate target reconstruction from GPR numerical data","authors":"D. Comite, A. Galli, I. Catapano, F. Soldovieri, E. Pettinelli","doi":"10.1109/ICGPR.2014.6970497","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICGPR.2014.6970497","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims at investigating the advances in terms of the reconstruction capabilities offered by an ad-hoc imaging procedure capable of accounting for the actual radiation features of the Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) antennas. The study is carried out by using a `synthetic setup', which is implemented with a numerical tool able to simulate the characteristics of the antenna system as well as the signals used for the actual illumination. This enables us to obtain an accurate determination of both the incident and the backscattered electromagnetic (EM) fields in the investigated scenarios. GPR data are then processed by means of a consolidated frequency-domain microwave tomographic approach, which is reformulated in such a way to consider the actual EM field radiated by the adopted transmitting antenna. A representative example referred to synthetic data is provided to manage and discuss the improvements in the imaging process achievable with the proposed approach.","PeriodicalId":212710,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Ground Penetrating Radar","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123095232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-12-04DOI: 10.1109/ICGPR.2014.6970415
M. Loewer, J. Igel, N. Wagner
Our objective is the development of a prognosis system that predicts the soil-dependent GPR performance in landmine and improvised explosive device (IED) contaminated areas. One of the soil properties influencing sensing depth and image resolution of GPR is intrinsic attenuation. We investigated the frequency-dependent electromagnetic properties of a broad range of soil samples. In order to derive the complex dielectric permittivity between 1 MHz and 10 GHz, we applied the coaxial transmission line (CTL) method using two coaxial cells. A model was fitted to the data consisting of a combination of one Debye and one Cole-Cole type relaxation and a constant low-frequency conductivity term. We show that relaxation mechanisms play a crucial role in most natural soils. Attenuation cannot be described by dc-conductivity alone, especially for high-frequency applications. Therefore, a simple conductivity-attenuation relation without relaxations can highly underestimate GPR performance. As an alternative to the CTL technique, we propose to use time-domain reflectometry (TDR) for a quick prediction of high-frequency effective conductivity and GPR performance in the field.
{"title":"Frequency-dependent attenuation analysis in soils using broadband dielectric spectroscopy and TDR","authors":"M. Loewer, J. Igel, N. Wagner","doi":"10.1109/ICGPR.2014.6970415","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICGPR.2014.6970415","url":null,"abstract":"Our objective is the development of a prognosis system that predicts the soil-dependent GPR performance in landmine and improvised explosive device (IED) contaminated areas. One of the soil properties influencing sensing depth and image resolution of GPR is intrinsic attenuation. We investigated the frequency-dependent electromagnetic properties of a broad range of soil samples. In order to derive the complex dielectric permittivity between 1 MHz and 10 GHz, we applied the coaxial transmission line (CTL) method using two coaxial cells. A model was fitted to the data consisting of a combination of one Debye and one Cole-Cole type relaxation and a constant low-frequency conductivity term. We show that relaxation mechanisms play a crucial role in most natural soils. Attenuation cannot be described by dc-conductivity alone, especially for high-frequency applications. Therefore, a simple conductivity-attenuation relation without relaxations can highly underestimate GPR performance. As an alternative to the CTL technique, we propose to use time-domain reflectometry (TDR) for a quick prediction of high-frequency effective conductivity and GPR performance in the field.","PeriodicalId":212710,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Ground Penetrating Radar","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127613171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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