Although recent years have seen an explosion in educational technology, there is still a lack of computational tools specifically designed to encourage exploration of identity and communication issues. Storytelling is a good medium for this type of exploration as it enables reflection about the inner world. The paper presents a novel approach to interactive storytelling: SAGE (Storytelling Agent Generation Environment), a construction kit that supports children's creation of their own wise storytellers to interact with. In this system, programming is a vehicle for the transformation of ways of thinking about communication as well as for constructing knowledge about technology. In order to encourage children's emotional engagement in the SAGE environment, the storytellers are embodied in an interactive stuffed animal-a soft interface-which is also programmable by the children. The paper presents some technical aspects of SAGE's design and implementation and focuses on empirical results from research with children using SAGE.
{"title":"Storytelling systems: constructing the innerface of the interface","authors":"Marina Umaschi, Justine Cassell","doi":"10.1109/CT.1997.617688","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CT.1997.617688","url":null,"abstract":"Although recent years have seen an explosion in educational technology, there is still a lack of computational tools specifically designed to encourage exploration of identity and communication issues. Storytelling is a good medium for this type of exploration as it enables reflection about the inner world. The paper presents a novel approach to interactive storytelling: SAGE (Storytelling Agent Generation Environment), a construction kit that supports children's creation of their own wise storytellers to interact with. In this system, programming is a vehicle for the transformation of ways of thinking about communication as well as for constructing knowledge about technology. In order to encourage children's emotional engagement in the SAGE environment, the storytellers are embodied in an interactive stuffed animal-a soft interface-which is also programmable by the children. The paper presents some technical aspects of SAGE's design and implementation and focuses on empirical results from research with children using SAGE.","PeriodicalId":212776,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings Second International Conference on Cognitive Technology Humanizing the Information Age","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128317405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We propose a Kansei-oriented system dedicated to image retrieval. By "Kansei"-oriented, it is understood that the user is at the center of a system sensitive to and actively using his/her cognitive abilities as well as his/her sensitivity. The definition of this sensitivity is very difficult to elicit even for the user him/herself and therefore should emerge from his/her interaction with the system. We propose a dynamic multiagent architecture in which a language, through which the user and the system establish mutual understanding over visual perceptions, develops. We describe the mechanisms underlying the development of this language and which allow the user to have full control, both functionally and structurally, of the system.
{"title":"Supervised self-organization of user's Kansei model for image retrieving","authors":"N. Bianchi, L. Berthouze, T. Kato","doi":"10.1109/CT.1997.617698","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CT.1997.617698","url":null,"abstract":"We propose a Kansei-oriented system dedicated to image retrieval. By \"Kansei\"-oriented, it is understood that the user is at the center of a system sensitive to and actively using his/her cognitive abilities as well as his/her sensitivity. The definition of this sensitivity is very difficult to elicit even for the user him/herself and therefore should emerge from his/her interaction with the system. We propose a dynamic multiagent architecture in which a language, through which the user and the system establish mutual understanding over visual perceptions, develops. We describe the mechanisms underlying the development of this language and which allow the user to have full control, both functionally and structurally, of the system.","PeriodicalId":212776,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings Second International Conference on Cognitive Technology Humanizing the Information Age","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123635039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The paper poses the question: how does the representation of the body in virtual environments affect the mind? The article considers how virtual reality interfaces are evolving to progressively embody the user. The effect of embodiment on the sensation of physical presence, social presence, and self presence in virtual environments is discussed. The effect of avatar representation on body image and body schema distortion is also considered.
{"title":"The cyborg's dilemma: embodiment in virtual environments","authors":"F. Biocca","doi":"10.1109/CT.1997.617676","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CT.1997.617676","url":null,"abstract":"The paper poses the question: how does the representation of the body in virtual environments affect the mind? The article considers how virtual reality interfaces are evolving to progressively embody the user. The effect of embodiment on the sensation of physical presence, social presence, and self presence in virtual environments is discussed. The effect of avatar representation on body image and body schema distortion is also considered.","PeriodicalId":212776,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings Second International Conference on Cognitive Technology Humanizing the Information Age","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130700338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The paper takes its point of departure in issues that have been discussed previously by the author (H. Haberland, 1995; 1996, 1997). In these contributions, the author has tried to explore the implications of some obvious parallels between the linguistic discipline of pragmatics (H. Haberland and J.L. Mey, 1977; J. Verschueren, 1987) and the concept of cognitive technology as explicated by B. Gorayska and J.L. Mey (1996), and B. Gorayska and J. Marsh (1996).
{"title":"Natural language and artificial technology-it ain't necessarily so","authors":"H. Haberland","doi":"10.1109/CT.1997.617677","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CT.1997.617677","url":null,"abstract":"The paper takes its point of departure in issues that have been discussed previously by the author (H. Haberland, 1995; 1996, 1997). In these contributions, the author has tried to explore the implications of some obvious parallels between the linguistic discipline of pragmatics (H. Haberland and J.L. Mey, 1977; J. Verschueren, 1987) and the concept of cognitive technology as explicated by B. Gorayska and J.L. Mey (1996), and B. Gorayska and J. Marsh (1996).","PeriodicalId":212776,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings Second International Conference on Cognitive Technology Humanizing the Information Age","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116059133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We identify certain formal algebraic models affording understanding (including positional number systems, conservation laws in physics, and spatial coordinate systems) that have empowered humans when we have augmented ourselves using them. We survey how, by explicit mathematical constructions, such algebraic models can be algorithmically derived for all finite state systems and give examples illustrating this, including coordinates for the rigid symmetries of a regular polygon, and recovery of the decimal expansion and coordinates arising from conserved quantities in physics. By accepting D. Haraway's (1991) 'ironic myth' of the ourselves as cyborgs, one opens the door to empowerment of humans responsible and in control of their hybrid natures as beings augmented by both cognitive and physical tools. Indeed we argue that biological systems share with the subjects of all sciences of the 'artificial' (H. Simon (1969)), an essential quality of contingent, conscious or unconscious design. Coordinate systems derived by algebra or computation for affordance of the understanding and manipulation of physical and conceptual worlds are thus a 'natural' step in use of 'tools' by biological systems as they/we learn to modify selves and identities appropriately and dynamically. The mathematics of constructing formal models for understanding is explained, application to familiar examples and to the Noether-Rhodes theory of conservation laws, and extensions to handling formal relations and analogies between models are discussed.
{"title":"Algebraic models for understanding: coordinate systems and cognitive empowerment","authors":"Chrystopher L. Nehaniv","doi":"10.1109/CT.1997.617694","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CT.1997.617694","url":null,"abstract":"We identify certain formal algebraic models affording understanding (including positional number systems, conservation laws in physics, and spatial coordinate systems) that have empowered humans when we have augmented ourselves using them. We survey how, by explicit mathematical constructions, such algebraic models can be algorithmically derived for all finite state systems and give examples illustrating this, including coordinates for the rigid symmetries of a regular polygon, and recovery of the decimal expansion and coordinates arising from conserved quantities in physics. By accepting D. Haraway's (1991) 'ironic myth' of the ourselves as cyborgs, one opens the door to empowerment of humans responsible and in control of their hybrid natures as beings augmented by both cognitive and physical tools. Indeed we argue that biological systems share with the subjects of all sciences of the 'artificial' (H. Simon (1969)), an essential quality of contingent, conscious or unconscious design. Coordinate systems derived by algebra or computation for affordance of the understanding and manipulation of physical and conceptual worlds are thus a 'natural' step in use of 'tools' by biological systems as they/we learn to modify selves and identities appropriately and dynamically. The mathematics of constructing formal models for understanding is explained, application to familiar examples and to the Noether-Rhodes theory of conservation laws, and extensions to handling formal relations and analogies between models are discussed.","PeriodicalId":212776,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings Second International Conference on Cognitive Technology Humanizing the Information Age","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121394986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Focusing on the human computer interaction for natural language processing, we present a formal notion of interpretation, as a frame for the semantic analysis of texts. Moving away from classical automated processing, we define the role of the computer as a guide towards manual identification of semantic structures. We propose an interactive protocol in order to "extract" and explore a user's intuitions of the thematic structures of a given text. This protocol, along with the data structure which stores semantic information from the user, is managed by a software system, named PASTEL, which is described. Using an example, we show how this method can be useful in deeply exploring textual content.
{"title":"Computer-aided language processing: using interpretation to redefine man-machine relations","authors":"Ludovic Tanguy","doi":"10.1109/CT.1997.617693","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CT.1997.617693","url":null,"abstract":"Focusing on the human computer interaction for natural language processing, we present a formal notion of interpretation, as a frame for the semantic analysis of texts. Moving away from classical automated processing, we define the role of the computer as a guide towards manual identification of semantic structures. We propose an interactive protocol in order to \"extract\" and explore a user's intuitions of the thematic structures of a given text. This protocol, along with the data structure which stores semantic information from the user, is managed by a software system, named PASTEL, which is described. Using an example, we show how this method can be useful in deeply exploring textual content.","PeriodicalId":212776,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings Second International Conference on Cognitive Technology Humanizing the Information Age","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134142365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Summary form only given. The paper reports on a project which addresses the problems faced by blind people in negotiating novel spaces. Various technologically sophisticated schemes have been proposed to help the blind in such circumstances. These range from the use of GPS satellites combined with hand-held microcomputers so that the blind user can get an accurate fix on his or her location, to the use of fixed local radio beacons in an intelligent environment which can guide a blind person in a locally sensitive fashion. While there has been some limited success with these systems, they have yet to solve many difficult operational problems. Working from a perspective that is in accordance with CT principles, the author developed a radically different system through which the existing competence of blind people in interpreting acoustic spatial cues can be enhanced and exploited by enabling them to communicate with one another about their auditory experience of the environment. The solution proposed relies on the technique of binaural recording with the addition of certain important additional elements. It enables one blind person who knows a place to effectively "draw an acoustic map" of it in line with their auditory experience. This map is of use to another blind person before he or she encounters that place for the first time. The idea of a map is exploited by reference to its functional rather than physical characteristics, a move which nevertheless acknowledges that the importance of a map lies in its physical characteristics in relation to shared sensory experiences.
{"title":"On why the blind leading the blind is a good idea","authors":"D. Good","doi":"10.1109/CT.1997.617696","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CT.1997.617696","url":null,"abstract":"Summary form only given. The paper reports on a project which addresses the problems faced by blind people in negotiating novel spaces. Various technologically sophisticated schemes have been proposed to help the blind in such circumstances. These range from the use of GPS satellites combined with hand-held microcomputers so that the blind user can get an accurate fix on his or her location, to the use of fixed local radio beacons in an intelligent environment which can guide a blind person in a locally sensitive fashion. While there has been some limited success with these systems, they have yet to solve many difficult operational problems. Working from a perspective that is in accordance with CT principles, the author developed a radically different system through which the existing competence of blind people in interpreting acoustic spatial cues can be enhanced and exploited by enabling them to communicate with one another about their auditory experience of the environment. The solution proposed relies on the technique of binaural recording with the addition of certain important additional elements. It enables one blind person who knows a place to effectively \"draw an acoustic map\" of it in line with their auditory experience. This map is of use to another blind person before he or she encounters that place for the first time. The idea of a map is exploited by reference to its functional rather than physical characteristics, a move which nevertheless acknowledges that the importance of a map lies in its physical characteristics in relation to shared sensory experiences.","PeriodicalId":212776,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings Second International Conference on Cognitive Technology Humanizing the Information Age","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115400901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The paper explores digital augmentation of "keepsake objects" in order to enhance their inherent emotional value for an individual. We define keepsake objects as objects which hold personal significance to an individual. In particular, we focus on their use as holders of stories, memories, and identity. We describe the cognitive, social, and psychological aspects of one design implementation, Rosebud, which links children's stories to their stuffed animals. Rosebud takes advantage of the natural characteristics of stuffed animals, namely, their story evoking nature and appeal to girls, to create a gender neutral interactive storytelling system.
{"title":"Rosebud: a place for interaction between memory, story, and self","authors":"Jennifer W. Glos, Justine Cassell","doi":"10.1109/CT.1997.617685","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CT.1997.617685","url":null,"abstract":"The paper explores digital augmentation of \"keepsake objects\" in order to enhance their inherent emotional value for an individual. We define keepsake objects as objects which hold personal significance to an individual. In particular, we focus on their use as holders of stories, memories, and identity. We describe the cognitive, social, and psychological aspects of one design implementation, Rosebud, which links children's stories to their stuffed animals. Rosebud takes advantage of the natural characteristics of stuffed animals, namely, their story evoking nature and appeal to girls, to create a gender neutral interactive storytelling system.","PeriodicalId":212776,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings Second International Conference on Cognitive Technology Humanizing the Information Age","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123148096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Summary form only given. The paper explores the practical use of a tactile transducer to enhance speech communication for the hearing impaired utilizing a voice mail system. In spite of the recent technological developments in human machine interfaces, the world of the hearing impaired for speech perception and production hasn't had much improvement because of: 1) the lack of consensus and emphasis in using spoken language as a means of communication among the hearing impaired community and their educational institutions; 2) the lack of proper and easy to use equipment to facilitate speech communication between hearing and hearing impaired persons. The main objective of the research project is to encourage hearing impaired people to use a spoken language which is not of their own mother tongue via the Internet. In order to achieve this, the speech of both hearing and hearing impaired people is enhanced by a tactile transducer. The two selected communities will use the Internet to communicate with each other via voice mail.
{"title":"A multifaceted Internet language environment for the hearing impaired","authors":"Y. Masuda, O. Clubb, P. K. Lai","doi":"10.1109/CT.1997.617697","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CT.1997.617697","url":null,"abstract":"Summary form only given. The paper explores the practical use of a tactile transducer to enhance speech communication for the hearing impaired utilizing a voice mail system. In spite of the recent technological developments in human machine interfaces, the world of the hearing impaired for speech perception and production hasn't had much improvement because of: 1) the lack of consensus and emphasis in using spoken language as a means of communication among the hearing impaired community and their educational institutions; 2) the lack of proper and easy to use equipment to facilitate speech communication between hearing and hearing impaired persons. The main objective of the research project is to encourage hearing impaired people to use a spoken language which is not of their own mother tongue via the Internet. In order to achieve this, the speech of both hearing and hearing impaired people is enhanced by a tactile transducer. The two selected communities will use the Internet to communicate with each other via voice mail.","PeriodicalId":212776,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings Second International Conference on Cognitive Technology Humanizing the Information Age","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125445670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The strong programme of research in the study and development of cognitive technologies today is based on the hypothesis that these technologies are not only technical means which enable us to enhance our calculating, memorising or perceptive abilities, but that they actually play a key role in the constitution of human experience. The aim of the article is to provide this hypothesis with experimental content through the study of a series of very specific technical devices usually referred to as "sensory substitution systems". After analysing some of the results achieved so far, we describe several experiments on the construction of a three dimensional perceptual space through technical means. We then demonstrate the role of human action, and therefore, of the "corps propre" (the body from the point of view of the subject), in the process of the construction of perception. These experiments will also enable us to discuss the conditions for conducting fundamental research in the field of technology, combining scientific method and phenomenological analysis. In conclusion we suggest various possible lines of future research on this subject.
{"title":"Technology and perception: the contribution of sensory substitution systems","authors":"C. Lenay, S. Canu, P. Villon","doi":"10.1109/CT.1997.617681","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CT.1997.617681","url":null,"abstract":"The strong programme of research in the study and development of cognitive technologies today is based on the hypothesis that these technologies are not only technical means which enable us to enhance our calculating, memorising or perceptive abilities, but that they actually play a key role in the constitution of human experience. The aim of the article is to provide this hypothesis with experimental content through the study of a series of very specific technical devices usually referred to as \"sensory substitution systems\". After analysing some of the results achieved so far, we describe several experiments on the construction of a three dimensional perceptual space through technical means. We then demonstrate the role of human action, and therefore, of the \"corps propre\" (the body from the point of view of the subject), in the process of the construction of perception. These experiments will also enable us to discuss the conditions for conducting fundamental research in the field of technology, combining scientific method and phenomenological analysis. In conclusion we suggest various possible lines of future research on this subject.","PeriodicalId":212776,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings Second International Conference on Cognitive Technology Humanizing the Information Age","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128083044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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