Revue medicale suisse最新文献

ENT complaints are common in primary care, yet their assessment can be challenging. Their clinical evaluation requires a knowledge of anatomy, pathology, and differential diagnoses. The boundaries between benign conditions and those requiring specific treatment or specialist referral is sometimes unclear. A structured clinical reasoning process, combined with a few key references, helps avoid the most common pitfalls. This illustrated practical guide is designed to support primary care physicians in providing safe, pragmatic, and guideline-based management. This second part addresses non-infectious ear disorders as well as several common conditions involving the nose and cervical region.

In 2025, digestive surgery is evolving with the integration of pharmacology and immunotherapy. In severe obesity, surgery remains the most durable option, while GLP-1 and GLP-1/GIP agonists provide an effective complement but require long-term treatment. In liver cancer, immunotherapy expands access to curative surgery through improved tumor control. For locally advanced colon cancer, neoadjuvant chemotherapy and MMR status guide decisions, with immunotherapy becoming key in dMMR cases. These advances highlight the importance of coordinated care and the central role of general practitioners.

Integrative medicine is gradually becoming established in the French-speaking Swiss medical landscape. Driven by both patient demand and the desire of institutions to structure the services on offer, this model of care has become established both in the private and public sectors. This article presents public initiatives in French-speaking Switzerland that have reached a milestone in 2025 in the field of integrative medicine. These initiatives are notable for their commitment to research and teaching. They consolidate the integration of complementary practices in hospitals and form communities of practice.

In 2025, osteoporosis management in Switzerland benefited from the introduction of abaloparatide, an anabolic PTHrP analogue that effectively reduces the risk of vertebral and non-vertebral fractures, with reimbursement criteria identical to those of romosozumab. Zoledronate, administered preventively only twice at a five-year interval in recently menopausal, non-osteoporotic women, lowers 10-year fracture risk by about 40 %. Calcium and/or vitamin D supplements are now subject to reimbursement restrictions. Burosumab, an anti-FGF23 antibody, has become the treatment of choice for X-linked hypophosphatemic rickets, though access remains limited in Switzerland. Finally, artificial intelligence is emerging as a valuable tool for radiographic diagnosis and opportunistic screening of osteoporotic fractures.

In this article, several studies published in 2025 that provide new insights into the field of arterial hypertension are reviewed. The first focuses on breastfeeding in women with a history of hypertensive disorders during pregnancy. Recent developments in chronotherapy, that is, the optimal timing of antihypertensive medication intake are mentioned. The third section addresses the issue of medication deprescription in nursing home resident. Finally, a study assessing the impact of antihypertensive treatment on dementia is described.

Diabetology is a discipline in continuous evolution, numerous molecules are developed, and treatment recommendations change regularly based on the latest published studies. It is therefore often difficult for the primary care physician to stay up to date. This article gives help in choosing the most appropriate pharmacological treatment for each patient, considering the 2025 novelties in the field of diabetes. The aim is also to recall the adverse effects of the different categories of antidiabetic drugs and to know how to prevent or deal with them. The therapeutic perspectives available soon are also presented.

Healthcare systems are adapting to digital transformation. For skin diseases, the main challenge lies in better structuring the sharing, storage, and processing of clinical and histological images. Innovation in teledermatology promotes secure platforms and the development of numerous mobile applications. Mobile health and e-health in dermatology are advancing through the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) systems. AI-assisted dermatological diagnosis is becoming very interesting in the context of skin tumors. This needs to be further consolidated for other skin conditions. Patients, practitioners, dermatologists, and any other healthcare professionals are open to the proper use of these new tools, provided their quality and safety are guaranteed by recent international regulations.