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A user-driven, reduced whole-stand growth model for major hybrid poplar clones in Spain 西班牙主要杂交杨无性系的用户驱动、减少的整株生长模型
IF 1.8 3区 农林科学 Q2 FORESTRY Pub Date : 2023-06-27 DOI: 10.1080/02827581.2023.2225870
Fernando Castedo‐Dorado, P. Rodríguez-Gonzálvez, E. González-Ferreiro, Guillermo Ramos-González, R. Álvarez-Esteban, Flor Álvarez-Taboada
ABSTRACT Populus spp. clones and hybrids are commonly cultivated for timber production worldwide due to their fast growth and adaptability. In Spain, growth models are currently available for the Populus × euramericana clones ‘I-214' and ‘MC'. However, the input variables required for these models are not typically available to potential users. For the most widely used P. × interamericana clones ('Beaupre', ‘Raspalje' and ‘Unal') there is currently no growth model available in Spain or elsewhere in Europe. The aim of the present study was to develop a whole-stand growth model for these five clones. Data were obtained from a network of 134 plots and 265 trees scanned by Terrestrial Laser Scanning. The structure of the growth model was mediated by plot data typically available from forest owners: plantation age, number of trees of each clone and arithmetic mean tree diameter (dm). The main component of the growth model is a dm projection function, enabling dm to be projected at any time. Sensitivity analysis of the prediction accuracy of this function revealed that the proposed model provides satisfactory predictions for time intervals of between 5 and 10 years. The growth model was implemented in a web-based plot growth simulator, facilitating its use.
杨树无性系和杂交种生长迅速,适应性强,在世界范围内广泛用于木材生产。在西班牙,杨树×欧美无性系‘I-214’和‘MC’的生长模型目前可用。然而,这些模型所需的输入变量通常对潜在用户是不可用的。对于最广泛使用的美洲凤梨无性系(‘Beaupre’、‘Raspalje’和‘Unal’),目前在西班牙或欧洲其他地方没有可用的生长模式。本研究的目的是建立这五个无性系的整株生长模型。数据来自陆地激光扫描的134个样地和265棵树的网络。生长模型的结构由林主提供的样地数据介导:人工林年龄、每个无性系的树数和算术平均树径(dm)。增长模型的主要组成部分是dm投影函数,使dm能够在任何时候进行投影。对该函数预测精度的敏感性分析表明,该模型在5 ~ 10年的时间间隔内可以提供令人满意的预测。生长模型在基于网络的地块生长模拟器中实现,便于使用。
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引用次数: 0
The potential to develop environmental values on privately owned forest land in southern Sweden 在瑞典南部私有林地开发环境价值的潜力
IF 1.8 3区 农林科学 Q2 FORESTRY Pub Date : 2023-06-19 DOI: 10.1080/02827581.2023.2225871
E. Olofsson, R. Jakobsson
ABSTRACT Private forest owners’ management decisions significantly impact the development of forest values in Sweden. This study explored the potential to develop environmental values on privately owned land in southern Sweden. Data were collected through interviews with 23 forest owners and analyzed with semantic content analysis. The interviewees owned estates of productive, predominantly coniferous forest ranging in size from 10–825 ha. They were aged 36–84, and 26% were female. Results showed that there is considerable potential to develop environmental values on private land since 1) Forest owners demonstrated multi-functional views of primarily social and emotional dimensions surrounding forest ownership, and the mindset of combining goals enables many different values to be developed, 2) Desired management showed numerous ideas that could bring a diversity of benefits, and 3) Practical management included various production-favoring measures, but even more for environmental, social, cultural, and emotional purposes that, largely unnoted, bring environmental conservation benefits. All forest owners perceived barriers to management and ownership, categorized primarily to structural or surrounding society factors. Financial incentives, policies encouraging forest owners’ initiatives, an adequate supply of resources and sound management advice are suggested measures to reduce barriers and facilitate the development of environmental values.
私人森林所有者的管理决策显著影响瑞典森林价值的发展。这项研究探讨了在瑞典南部私有土地上开发环境价值的潜力。通过对23名森林所有者的访谈收集数据,并进行语义内容分析。受访者拥有以针叶林为主的生产性林地,面积从10-825公顷不等。他们的年龄在36-84岁之间,其中26%为女性。结果表明,由于1)森林所有者表现出围绕森林所有权的主要社会和情感维度的多功能观点,并且结合目标的心态使得许多不同的价值观得以发展,因此在私人土地上具有相当大的发展潜力;2)期望管理显示出许多可以带来多样性利益的想法;3)实际管理包括各种有利于生产的措施。但更多的是出于环境、社会、文化和情感的目的,这些目的在很大程度上没有被注意到,它们带来了环境保护的好处。所有森林所有者都认为管理和所有权存在障碍,主要分类为结构性或周围社会因素。财政奖励、鼓励森林所有者主动行动的政策、充足的资源供应和健全的管理咨询是减少障碍和促进环境价值发展的建议措施。
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引用次数: 0
Growth rate and economic evaluation of mixed stands established with Cedrus libani and Pinus nigra 雪松与黑松混交林生长速率及经济评价
IF 1.8 3区 农林科学 Q2 FORESTRY Pub Date : 2023-06-02 DOI: 10.1080/02827581.2023.2219461
N. Erkan, Edanur Ayhan
ABSTRACT This study aimed to (1) investigate the long-term results of Cedrus libani + Pinus nigra mixed afforestation and (2) compare it with pure P. nigra afforestation in terms of wood production, economic return, and carbon (C) sequestration. The study was conducted in Elazığ-Sivrice, southeastern Turkey. Data were collected from six sample plots, and stem analysis for each species in the mixed stand was performed to reveal the growth and development of the basal-area-averaged trees. Statistical analyses showed that the pure P. nigra stands were superior to the mixed stands in terms of wood production (236 m3 ha−1 vs. 150 m3 ha−1), wood economic value ($19,551 ha−1 vs. $11,483 ha−1), and C sequestration (93 t ha−1 vs. 64 t C ha−1) at 54 years old. The lower values calculated for the mixed stand may have been due to the incompatible growth curves of the two species. These results imply that if the aim is to obtain wood products, pure P. nigra stands may be more advantageous than mixtures of C. libani and P. nigra for afforestation.
摘要:本研究旨在(1)研究杉木+黑松混合造林的长期效果,(2)与纯黑松造林在木材产量、经济效益和碳(C)固存方面进行比较。这项研究在土耳其东南部的Elazığ-Sivrice进行。利用6个样地的数据,对混交林各树种进行了茎干分析,揭示了基区平均树木的生长发育情况。统计分析表明,纯黑松林在木材产量(236 m3 ha - 1比150 m3 ha - 1)、木材经济价值(19,551 ha - 1美元比11,483 ha - 1美元)和54岁时碳固存(93 tha - 1比64 t C - ha - 1)方面优于混合林分。混交林的计算值较低可能是由于两种树种的生长曲线不相容。这些结果表明,如果目的是获得木材产品,纯黑桫椤林分可能比黑桫椤和黑桫椤混合林分更有利于造林。
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引用次数: 2
Incorporated neighborhood and environmental effects to model individual-tree height using random forest regression 结合邻域效应和环境效应,利用随机森林回归模型模拟单树高度
IF 1.8 3区 农林科学 Q2 FORESTRY Pub Date : 2023-05-19 DOI: 10.1080/02827581.2023.2215545
Jiali Nie, Shuai Liu
ABSTRACT In forest resource inventory, tree height is often estimated by easily measurable diameter from height-diameter model. In this study, we tried to use random forest (RF), an important machine learning method, to model individual-tree height. Results showed that the optimized RF model had better fitting and prediction accuracy (R 2 = 0.8146 and RMSE = 2.2527 m). In terms of relative importance, diameter at breast height (DBH) was the most important factor, followed by neighborhood-related variables and other variables related to environmental conditions. Further, tree height was generally positively affected by DBH, mean diameter of neighbors, DBH dominance, number of neighbors, and mean annual precipitation, but negatively affected by elevation. The results indicated that the RF-based height model was statistically reliable and highly accurate, and it had strong interpretability with ecological significance. Our study will provide a new perspective for the application of machine learning algorithms to forest dynamic modeling.
摘要在森林资源清查中,树木高度通常是通过高度-直径模型中易于测量的直径来估计的。在这项研究中,我们试图使用随机森林(RF)这一重要的机器学习方法来对个体树高进行建模。结果表明,优化后的RF模型具有较好的拟合和预测精度(R2 = 0.8146和RMSE = 2.2527 m) 。就相对重要性而言,胸围(DBH)是最重要的因素,其次是邻域相关变量和其他与环境条件相关的变量。此外,树高通常受到DBH、邻居平均直径、DBH优势度、邻居数量和年平均降水量的正向影响,但受到海拔的负向影响。结果表明,基于RF的身高模型在统计上可靠、准确,具有较强的可解释性和生态学意义。我们的研究将为机器学习算法在森林动态建模中的应用提供一个新的视角。
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引用次数: 0
Comparison of four alternative survey methods in assessing dead wood at the stand level 林分水平枯木评估的四种调查方法的比较
IF 1.8 3区 农林科学 Q2 FORESTRY Pub Date : 2023-05-19 DOI: 10.1080/02827581.2023.2216946
J. Siitonen, Hannes Pasanen, Matti Ylänne, L. Saaristo
ABSTRACT Many forestry practitioners need information on the amount of dead wood for various purposes, often at the level of individual stands. Our aim was to compare four simple dead-wood inventory methods of which systematic circular plot inventory is a well-known method, while relascope plot inventory (using the ordinary horizontal angle relascope also for downed trees), diameter class counting and total inventory are new methods. Seven surveyors tested the methods in four stands in southern Finland. All the methods produced rather accurate volume estimates. Mean percent error was the smallest (−5.7%) in total inventory and the largest (−12.4%) in diameter class counting. Precision differed significantly between the methods. Variation among individual measurements, expressed as percentage SD, was 15.9% in total inventory, 24.8% in diameter counting, 36.6% in relascope inventory and 43.0% in circular plot inventory. Diameter counting was by far the fastest method. Relascope inventory and circular plot inventory took about twice as much time, and total inventory over three times as much time as diameter counting. In conclusion, diameter class counting is a cost-effective dead-wood assessment method, if the purpose is to get an estimate of the total volume of dead wood within a forest stand with a reasonable precision.
摘要许多林业从业者需要各种目的的枯木数量信息,通常是在单个林分的水平上。我们的目的是比较四种简单的枯木盘点方法,其中系统的圆形地块盘点是一种众所周知的方法,而重新定位地块盘点(也对倒下的树木使用普通的水平角重新定位仪)、直径类别计数和总盘点是新方法。七名测量人员在芬兰南部的四个林分中测试了这些方法。所有的方法都产生了相当准确的数量估计。平均百分比误差在总库存中最小(−5.7%),在直径类别计数中最大(−12.4%)。两种方法的精密度差异很大。以SD百分比表示的单个测量值之间的差异在总库存中为15.9%,在直径计数中为24.8%,在相关库存中为36.6%,在圆形地块库存中为43.0%。直径计数是迄今为止最快的方法。中继盘点和循环地块盘点所花费的时间大约是直径盘点的两倍,总盘点所花费时间是直径盘点时间的三倍。总之,如果目的是以合理的精度估计林分内的枯木总量,那么直径类别计数是一种具有成本效益的枯木评估方法。
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引用次数: 0
Students’ perception of bioeconomy as an important factor in communicating and further development of the bioeconomy in Slovakia and the Czech Republic 学生对生物经济的看法是斯洛伐克和捷克共和国生物经济交流和进一步发展的重要因素
IF 1.8 3区 农林科学 Q2 FORESTRY Pub Date : 2023-05-19 DOI: 10.1080/02827581.2023.2211806
Lenka Marcineková (nee Navrátilová), P. Palátová, Jozef Výbošťok, V. Jarský, M. Riedl, Blanka Giertliova, R. Dudík, Jaroslav Šálka
ABSTRACT This study focuses on the issues of bioeconomy perception of students at forestry faculties in Slovakia and the Czech Republic. Bioeconomy is seen as a great window of opportunities, hence there is increased demand for bioeconomy education. This paper can help answer this demand and improve the curricula of universities providing bioeconomy-related education. The survey was conducted at the Technical University in Zvolen and the Czech University of Life Sciences Prague among 367 students. The results show that 70% of students have heard about bioeconomy, while this number is significantly higher amongst Slovak students. Considering bioeconomy awareness, we identified significant differences between different study programmes. The main information source about the bioeconomy issues turns out to be university courses followed by news. Czech students turned out to be less satisfied with bioeconomy involvement in curricula, and who also find it necessary to increase bioeconomy focus within their study curriculum. Our results show that targeted communication of bioeconomy is a key factor for general acceptance of bioeconomy and its further development among students and the general public. The results obtained can be used to increase the extent to which bioeconomy is being addressed in study programmes within the analysed universities.
摘要本研究关注斯洛伐克和捷克共和国林业学院学生的生物经济认知问题。生物经济被视为一个巨大的机会之窗,因此对生物经济教育的需求越来越大。本文有助于满足这一需求,并改进提供生物经济相关教育的大学的课程。这项调查是在兹沃伦技术大学和捷克布拉格生命科学大学对367名学生进行的。结果显示,70%的学生听说过生物经济,而斯洛伐克学生的这一数字要高得多。考虑到生物经济意识,我们发现不同研究项目之间存在显著差异。关于生物经济问题的主要信息来源是大学课程,其次是新闻。捷克学生对生物经济课程的参与不太满意,他们也发现有必要在学习课程中增加对生物经济的关注。我们的研究结果表明,生物经济的定向传播是学生和公众普遍接受生物经济及其进一步发展的关键因素。所获得的结果可用于提高被分析大学的研究计划中对生物经济的处理程度。
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引用次数: 0
Long-term nitrogen addition and drought altered root trait and plant biomass allocation of five herbs in early spring in a temperate forest 长期施氮和干旱对温带森林早春5种草本植物根系性状和生物量分配的影响
IF 1.8 3区 农林科学 Q2 FORESTRY Pub Date : 2023-05-19 DOI: 10.1080/02827581.2023.2216021
Qinggui Wang, Guancheng Liu, Peng Qu, G. Yan, Y. Xing
ABSTRACT In early spring, because the tree and shrub layers are still dormant, the absorption of nutrients by herbs is the key factor to maintain nutrients in temperate forest ecosystems, but it is not clear whether climate change will change the nutrient uptake strategy of herbs. Therefore, we measured the biomass, fine root morphology, and stoichiometry of five dominant herbs in response to environmental changes in early spring in a temperate forest in northeastern China. The results showed that (1) Fine root morphology had strong plasticity. Under nitrogen addition treatment, the herbs tended to change the fine root length to absorb soil nutrients and water. (2) Under drought treatment, the herbs distributed more biomass to the belowground. Maintaining a higher root-shoot ratio might increase the relative supply of water to the herbs. (3) Nitrogen addition significantly decreased the belowground biomass allocation, but increased the ratio of belowground nitrogen to phosphorus (N:P) and the root metabolic activity. (4) Ephemeral herbaceous fine root morphology was more sensitive to water and nitrogen than other herbaceous plants. Collectively, in the context of climate change, early spring herbs may respond to environmental pressure through self-regulation and change growth strategies in temperate forest ecosystems.
摘要早春时节,由于乔木层和灌木层仍处于休眠状态,草本植物对养分的吸收是维持温带森林生态系统养分的关键因素,但目前尚不清楚气候变化是否会改变草本植物的养分吸收策略。因此,我们测量了中国东北温带森林中五种优势草本植物的生物量、细根形态和化学计量,以应对早春的环境变化。结果表明:(1)细根形态具有较强的可塑性。在加氮处理下,草本植物倾向于改变细根长度以吸收土壤养分和水分。(2) 在干旱处理下,草本植物向地下分布了更多的生物量。保持较高的根冠比可能会增加草本植物的相对供水量。(3) 氮的添加显著降低了地下生物量的分配,但增加了地下氮磷比和根系代谢活性。(4) 短命草本细根形态对水分和氮的敏感性高于其他草本植物。总之,在气候变化的背景下,早春草本植物可能通过自我调节和改变温带森林生态系统的生长策略来应对环境压力。
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引用次数: 0
Forest owner or shareholder? Ownership feelings in a jointly-owned forest 森林所有者还是股东?共有林区的所有权感受
IF 1.8 3区 农林科学 Q2 FORESTRY Pub Date : 2023-05-19 DOI: 10.1080/02827581.2023.2216945
M. Lähdesmäki, Anne Matilainen, Pekka Lehto
ABSTRACT Parcelisation-induced fragmentation is a common development trend in forest ownership in many Western countries. In Finland, the idea of a jointly-owned forest (JOF) has been introduced to facilitate the effective management of forest resource in parcelised and fragmented forest owning contexts. A JOF is an area of combined holdings intended for the practice of sustainable forestry for the benefit of the shareholders. The establishment of JOFs alters the core idea of ownership as it diminishes individual forest owners’ ability to control their holdings. We suggest that the feelings of ownership are important, yet under researched, aspects in the development and operation of JOFs. In this study, we focus on these ownership feelings by asking what kind of owner types are associated with JOFs. We build a qualitative typology of four owner types which we named active owners, investors, legacy fosterers, and detached owners. Our study contributes to the discussion on JOFs by showing that shared ownership can incorporate a variety of owner types with different ownership feelings. We claim that the need to understand these different owner types is important to facilitate the development of tools and policy instruments that will contribute to the establishment and management of jointly-owned forests.
在许多西方国家,由颗粒化引起的破碎化是森林所有权的共同发展趋势。在芬兰,提出了共同拥有森林的想法,以促进在个别和分散拥有森林的情况下有效管理森林资源。JOF是一个联合控股的区域,旨在为股东的利益实践可持续林业。联合森林基金的建立改变了所有权的核心理念,因为它削弱了个体森林所有者控制其财产的能力。我们认为,所有权的感觉在jof的发展和运作中是重要的,但尚未得到研究。在这项研究中,我们通过询问什么样的所有者类型与jof相关来关注这些所有者感觉。我们建立了四种业主类型的定性类型学,我们将其命名为活跃业主,投资者,遗产培育者和独立业主。我们的研究通过表明共享所有权可以包含具有不同所有权感受的各种所有者类型,从而有助于对共同所有权的讨论。我们认为,了解这些不同的所有者类型对于促进制定有助于建立和管理共同拥有森林的工具和政策手段是很重要的。
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引用次数: 0
CO2 and CH4 fluxes from forest soil in the northern Da Xing’anling Mountains in Northeast China during the freezing and thawing periods of near-surface soil in 2018–2019 2018-2019年东北大兴安岭北部近地表土壤冻融期CO2和CH4通量
IF 1.8 3区 农林科学 Q2 FORESTRY Pub Date : 2023-05-19 DOI: 10.1080/02827581.2023.2208874
Lin Yang, Qiuliang Zhang, H. Jin, Zhongtao Ma, Xiaoying Jin, S. S. Marchenko, R. He, V. Spektor, X. Chang
ABSTRACT Under a warming climate, the studies on effects of seasonal freeze–thaw cycles on soil respiration are key to understanding the soil carbon cycles and ecosystem responses and resilience at mid- and high latitudes. In this study, the effluxes of soil surface CO2 and absorption rates of CH4 were measured in the Xing'an larch (Larix gmelinii) forest in the northern Da Xing’anling Mountains, Northeast China using an automatic multichannel soil greenhouse gas measurement system (dynamic gas chamber method) during the periods of October–November 2018 and April–May 2019. The results showed that during the freezing period of near-surface soil, CO2 and CH4 fluxes significantly declined, approaching zero, at the end of November. During the thawing period of near-surface soil, CO2 and CH4 fluxes from surface soil fluctuated markedly at first and then rose rapidly. The respective Q10 values of 3.86 and 4.89 during the freezing and thawing periods of near-surface soil, respectively, indicate the important role of ground freeze–thaw cycles in the modifications of CO2 and CH4 fluxes. The results of this study could help assess the stability of the soil carbon pool and carbon flux strength in taiga-forested permafrost regions in the northern Da Xing’anling Mountains, Northeast China.
气候变暖条件下,研究季节冻融循环对土壤呼吸的影响是了解中高纬度地区土壤碳循环和生态系统响应与恢复能力的关键。采用多通道土壤温室气体自动测量系统(动态气室法),于2018年10 - 11月和2019年4 - 5月对大兴安岭北部兴安落叶松森林土壤表层CO2通量和CH4吸收率进行了测量。结果表明:在近地表土壤冻结期,CO2和CH4通量显著下降,在11月底接近于零;在近地表土壤融化过程中,表层土壤CO2和CH4通量先出现明显波动,然后迅速上升。近地表土壤冻融期Q10分别为3.86和4.89,说明冻融循环对CO2和CH4通量的影响。研究结果可用于评价大兴安岭北部针叶林多年冻土区土壤碳库的稳定性和碳通量强度。
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引用次数: 0
Detecting the presence of standing dead trees using airborne laser scanning and optical data 利用机载激光扫描和光学数据探测直立死树的存在
IF 1.8 3区 农林科学 Q2 FORESTRY Pub Date : 2023-05-13 DOI: 10.1080/02827581.2023.2211807
Marie-Claude Jutras-Perreault, E. Næsset, T. Gobakken, H. Ørka
ABSTRACT Deadwood is an important indicator of biodiversity in forest ecosystems. Identifying areas with large density of standing dead trees through field inventory is challenging, and remotely sensed data can provide a more systematic approach. In this study, we used metrics derived from airborne laser scanning (ALS) data (7.1 points m−2) and vegetation indices from optical images (HySpex sensor VNIR-1800: 0.3 m, SWIR-384: 0.7 m) to predict the presence of standing dead trees over a 15.9 km2 managed forest in Southern Norway. The dead basal area (DBA) of 40 sample plots was computed and used to classify the plots into presence/absence of standing dead trees. An area-based approach (ABA) using logistic regression was initially tested, but due to limited ground reference information, no statistically significant models could be formulated. A tree-based approach (TBA) was used to overcome this limitation. It identified trees on the ALS point cloud with a local maxima function and used a vegetation index to determine if the trees were dead. Between 18% and 42% of the predicted area with standing dead trees intersected a field recorded validation dataset. The TBA provided a good alternative to area-based regression models in the context of few standing dead trees.
枯木是森林生态系统生物多样性的重要指标。通过实地调查来确定枯死树密度大的地区是具有挑战性的,而遥感数据可以提供更系统的方法。在这项研究中,我们使用来自机载激光扫描(ALS)数据(7.1点m−2)和来自光学图像的植被指数(HySpex传感器VNIR-1800: 0.3 m, SWIR-384: 0.7 m)的指标来预测挪威南部15.9平方公里管理森林中存在的枯死树。计算了40个样地的死基面积(DBA),并对样地进行了有无枯死树的分类。一种基于区域的方法(ABA)使用逻辑回归进行了初步测试,但由于有限的地面参考信息,没有统计显著的模型可以制定。一种基于树的方法(TBA)被用来克服这一限制。它通过局部最大值函数识别ALS点云上的树木,并使用植被指数来确定树木是否死亡。18%到42%的预测区域与现场记录的验证数据集相交。TBA提供了一个很好的替代基于区域的回归模型,在很少站立的死树的情况下。
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引用次数: 1
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Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research
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