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Towards a Single Culture in Cross-Cultural Communication: Digital Culture 跨文化交流中的单一文化:数字文化
Pub Date : 2021-04-12 DOI: 10.17932/ctcspc.21/ctc21.007
Olcay Uçak
Culture is a multifaceted, complex process which consists of knowledge, art, morals, customs, skills and habits. Based on this point of view of Tylor, we can say that the culture is the human in the society, his learning styles and the technical or artistic products that originate from these learning styles, in other words, the content. In antropology it is argued that when the concept of culture is considered as a component in a social system, the combination of the social and cultural areas form the socio-cultural system. Approaches that handle culture within the socio-cultural system are functionalism (Malinowski), structural-functionalism (Radliffe-Brown), historical-extensionist (Kluckhohn, Krober), environmental adaptive (White), while the approaches that treat culture as a system of thought are cognitive (Goodenough), structural (Levi Strauss) and symbolic (Geertz) approaches. In addition to these approaches that evaluate cultures specific to communities, another definition is made according to the learning time: Margeret Mead, Cofigurative Culture. In order to evaluate today’s societies in terms of culture, we are observing a new culture which has cofigurative features under the influence of convergent technologies (mobile, cloud technology, robots, virtual reality): Digital Culture. This study aims to discuss the characteristics of the digital culture, which is observed after the theoretic approaches that define different cultures in cross-cultural communication (Hofstede’s Cultural Dimension and Cofigurative Culture) and called as network society by Manual Castells and accelerated during the Covid19 pandemic, in other words the common communication culture. Common cultural features will be studied through methods of semiology and text analysis upon digital contents which are starting to take hold of cross-cultural communication, a comparison between cross-cultural communication and communicative ecology will be made, the alteration in the cultural features of the society will be examined via visual and written findings obtained.
文化是一个多方面的、复杂的过程,包括知识、艺术、道德、习俗、技能和习惯。基于泰勒的这一观点,我们可以说,文化就是社会中的人、他的学习风格以及源于这些学习风格的技术或艺术产品,也就是内容。人类学认为,当文化概念被视为社会系统的一个组成部分时,社会和文化领域的结合形成了社会文化系统。在社会文化系统中处理文化的方法是功能主义(Malinowski),结构功能主义(radliff - brown),历史延伸主义(Kluckhohn, Krober),环境适应(White),而将文化视为思想系统的方法是认知(Goodenough),结构(Levi Strauss)和符号(Geertz)方法。除了这些评估特定于社区的文化的方法之外,根据学习时间做出了另一个定义:玛格丽特·米德,配置文化。为了从文化的角度来评估当今社会,我们正在观察一种新的文化,它在融合技术(移动、云技术、机器人、虚拟现实)的影响下具有配置特征:数字文化。本研究旨在探讨数字文化的特征,它是在定义跨文化交际中不同文化的理论方法(Hofstede的文化维度和配置文化)之后观察到的,被Manual Castells称为网络社会,并在covid - 19大流行期间加速,换句话来说,是共同的交际文化。通过符号学和文本分析的方法,对开始掌握跨文化传播的数字内容进行共同的文化特征研究,将跨文化传播与传播生态进行比较,通过所获得的视觉和书面发现来检查社会文化特征的变化。
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引用次数: 0
Medical Journalism in Women’s Magazine: The Case of Cosmopolitan 女性杂志中的医学新闻:以《大都会》为例
Pub Date : 2021-04-12 DOI: 10.17932/ctcspc.21/ctc21.036
H. Kazan
Health is a most common topic discussed in women magazine ranking from fashion to beauty, sexuality to art and culture. Biological health, mental health, fertility and sexual health are the most common topics which are given wide coverage. Whether this news, having quantitatively audience, is qualitatively health news is the primarily problem. The most of the news deals with particular subject such as medical selling, aesthetic advertisement and prototypes imposed on popular life. A large number of news reaching the audience read for health purposes cannot go beyond triggering the consumption culture. That is the starting point of this study. The study limited to 52 issues of Cosmopolitan Turkey published between June 2014- September 2018 analyses Dr. Cosmo, which falls into the health news category. In this study, content analysis is used to examine to what extent the news qualitatively and quantitatively contributes to medicine journalism. At the end of the study, it is found that the most of the health news is published on the purposes of commercial concerns, consolidates aesthetic perception and generally stuck between certain topics.
健康是女性杂志最常讨论的话题,从时尚到美丽,从性到艺术和文化。生物健康、精神健康、生育和性健康是覆盖面广的最常见主题。主要问题是,这种新闻是否具有定量的受众,是否具有定性的健康新闻。大多数新闻涉及特定主题,如医药销售、美学广告和强加于大众生活的原型。大量以健康为目的的新闻到达受众手中,只能引发消费文化。这是这项研究的出发点。该研究仅限于2014年6月至2018年9月期间出版的52期《Cosmopolitan土耳其》杂志,分析了Cosmo博士,这属于健康新闻类别。在本研究中,使用内容分析来检验新闻在定性和定量上对医学新闻的贡献程度。在研究结束时,我们发现大多数健康新闻都是出于商业目的而发布的,巩固了审美观念,并且通常在某些主题之间徘徊。
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引用次数: 0
Online Instagram Concerts and Changing Perception of Space During the Pandemic 在线Instagram音乐会和大流行期间不断变化的空间感知
Pub Date : 2021-04-12 DOI: 10.17932/ctcspc.21/ctc21.026
Ayşegül Aydın Akaydın
COVID-19 (coronavirus), which emerged in Wuhan, China, spread all over the world in a short time. World Health Organization (WHO) declared a pandemic on the 11th of March 2020, when the first case was seen in Turkey. According to the data of the World Health Organization, the COVID-19 virus has been seen in 114 countries and 4,291 people have died so far. Strict measures began to be taken in our country after the case was seen. First of all, schools were provided for online education transition. Later, entertainment venues were closed, and sports matches were suspended. As a result, during the pandemic period, various events, especially concerts, were broadcasted online on different platforms such as YouTube, Instagram, and Facebook. In this study, online Instagram concerts in the period of April-May 2020, by the time the cases first increased in Turkey, will be examined. The transformation of the concept of space has accelerated with the pandemic period. This transformation acting based on the assumption that music concerts, where concrete space is significant, are separated from time and space with new media technologies. Henri Lefebvre's concept of space is emphasized, and the decentralization of concert venues is explained over the concept of time, and space of flows proposed by Manuel Castells. In the study, a focus group study was conducted with 8 people who attended Instagram concerts in the specified time interval, and the data obtained were compared with the theoretical level and tried to be verified.
从中国武汉爆发的新型冠状病毒感染症(COVID-19)在短时间内扩散到世界各地。世界卫生组织(世卫组织)于2020年3月11日宣布大流行,当时在土耳其发现了第一例病例。根据世界卫生组织的数据,新冠病毒已经在114个国家出现,到目前为止已有4291人死亡。案件发生后,我国开始采取严格的措施。首先,学校为网络教育转型提供了条件。随后,娱乐场所关闭,体育比赛暂停。因此,在大流行期间,各种活动,特别是音乐会,在YouTube、Instagram和Facebook等不同平台上进行了在线直播。在这项研究中,将研究2020年4月至5月期间的在线Instagram音乐会,届时土耳其的病例将首次增加。随着大流行时期的到来,空间概念的转变加快了。这种转变基于音乐会的假设,音乐会的具体空间是重要的,通过新媒体技术将其从时间和空间中分离出来。强调Henri Lefebvre的空间概念,并通过Manuel Castells提出的时间概念和流动空间来解释音乐会场地的分散性。在本研究中,对8名在规定的时间间隔内参加Instagram演唱会的人进行了焦点小组研究,并将所获得的数据与理论水平进行了比较,试图进行验证。
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引用次数: 0
Changes and New Trends in Health Communication 健康传播的变化和新趋势
Pub Date : 2021-04-12 DOI: 10.17932/ctcspc.21/ctc21.031
Mustafa Narcı, Nebiye Konuk Kandemir
Health communication can be considered in terms of different groups such as communication of healthcare professionals with each other, patient-healthcare worker communication, patient-patient communication and patient relatives communication with each other. Communication is the primary tool in ensuring health literacy and disseminating effective health information to the wider audience. Effective health communication raises awareness about health problems, risks and solutions; influences and strengthens individuals' attitudes. All mass media are used within the scope of health education to develop and adopt healthy living habits in society in order to improve health. The dizzying developments and changes in communication technologies have diversified and enriched the ways to obtain more information and support about health problems. The transition from monologue to dialogue in the internet field has caused the transformation from one-way information transmission to dynamic, multi-faceted interactive and discussions. Thus, the period began in which not only consuming but also producing users took part. While this has improved those who use social networks, it has also made it difficult to control health information. The coexistence of the media's potential to generate negative behavior as well as the possibilities and capacity to develop positive health behaviors also constitutes a paradoxical situation. Individuals who try to collect information about diseases and treatment methods by using new media tools sometimes risk their health with false information. In addition, the communication between the different groups mentioned above through forums on online platforms takes on a remarkable new form in terms of patient-patient communication. In this context, the aim of the study is to discuss the transformation of patient-patient communication on online platforms within the framework of the literature.
健康沟通可以分为医护人员之间的沟通、医护人员与患者之间的沟通、患者与患者之间的沟通、患者与患者亲属之间的沟通等不同的群体。沟通是确保卫生知识普及和向更广泛的受众传播有效卫生信息的主要工具。有效的卫生传播提高了对卫生问题、风险和解决办法的认识;影响和加强个人的态度。在健康教育范围内,利用一切大众传播媒介,在社会上培养和采纳健康的生活习惯,以增进健康。通信技术令人眼花缭乱的发展和变化使获取更多关于健康问题的信息和支持的方式多样化和丰富。网络领域从独白到对话的转变,导致了信息传播从单向向动态、多方位的互动和讨论的转变。从此,不仅消费用户参与,而且生产用户参与的时代开始了。虽然这改善了那些使用社交网络的人,但也使控制健康信息变得困难。媒体产生消极行为的可能性与发展积极健康行为的可能性和能力并存,也构成了一种矛盾的局面。试图利用新媒体工具收集有关疾病和治疗方法信息的个人有时会因虚假信息而危及健康。此外,上述不同群体之间通过网络平台论坛的交流,在医患交流方面呈现出一种令人瞩目的新形式。在此背景下,本研究的目的是在文献的框架内讨论在线平台上患者-患者沟通的转变。
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引用次数: 0
Dijital Platform Netflix’in La Casa de Papel Dizisinde Çapraz Medya Stratejisinin İnşası
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.17932/ctc.2021/ctc21.055
Olcay Holat
Yeni iletişim teknolojilerinin gelişimiyle birlikte ön plana çıkan yakınsama kavramı, hem içeriğin hem de mecralar arasındaki sınırların belirsizleşmesi ya da birbirlerine yakınlaşması olarak tanımlanabilmektedir. Çeşitli medya platformları arasında içerik akışına imkân tanıyan yakınsama, hayranların katılım ve etkileşimine de olanak sağlamaktadır. Yakınsama kültürünün yaygınlaşmasıyla birlikte gündeme gelen çapraz medya ise medyalararası geçişlerin olduğu ancak farklı mecralarda tek bir hikâyeye odaklanılan bir anlatı stratejisidir. Bu araştırmada, Netflix’te yayınlanan La Casa de Papel (2017) adlı fenomen dizi, çapraz medya stratejisi bağlamında ele alınacaktır. Araştırmada nitel bir yaklaşımla içerik analizi yöntemi kullanılacaktır. Örneklemler amaca uygun olarak; dizinin belgeselleri, video oyunları, sosyal medya hesapları, podcast serileri vb. içerisinden seçilecektir. Bu bağlamda, fenomen dizi aracılığıyla farklı mecralara taşınan hikâye evreni, çapraz medya stratejisinin inşasını ortaya koymak açısından önem arz etmektedir.
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引用次数: 0
New Media and National Identity: The Representatıon of Atatürk on Ngo’s November 10th Instagram Posts 新媒体与国家认同:Ngo 11月10日Instagram上atat<e:1>的Representatıon
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.17932/ctcspc.21/ctc21.018
Müge Öztunç, Umur Bedi̇r
National symbols, traditions, and rituals emerge as the most influential signifiers of national identity and nationalism. These symbols and images that embody the basic concepts of nationalism, make them visible to the members of society, help to make abstract ideologies more socially concrete, strengthen the sense of national loyalty and strengthen the awareness of the community members that belong to the same nation. On the other hand, Atatürk appears as a symbol of both Turkey's modernization process and Turkish unity and solidarity. Focusing on the representations of Atatürk as one of the national symbols on the internet and social media, this research examines the symbolic construction of the national identity of NGOs that represent different social groups in Turkey through the "November 10th, Atatürk Commemoration Day”. In this context, the November 10, 2019, posts of 38 Non-Governmental Organizations, which operate in different fields, are the most followed and have social, cultural, and economic activity on the society, were analyzed on Instagram. Shared visuals were used to categorize with the help of various codes assigned to them. The thematization method was used to characterize the types of photos posted on Instagram with embedded coding. Then, by combining very close codes, they were also subjected to clustering analysis to see which symbols are frequently used together and which meaning patterns they form. The findings of the study show that social media, which is often depicted as the space of global identities and flows, is a space where national identities are eclectically reconstructed by subjects and social groups that make up the nation and circulated through symbols.
国家象征、传统和仪式成为国家认同和民族主义最具影响力的象征。这些象征和形象体现了民族主义的基本概念,使其对社会成员可见,有助于使抽象的意识形态更具社会具象性,增强民族忠诚感,增强同属一个民族的社区成员的意识。另一方面,atatatrk的出现既是土耳其现代化进程的象征,也是土耳其统一和团结的象征。本研究聚焦于atat rk作为国家符号之一在网络与社交媒体上的表征,透过“11月10日atat rk纪念日”,检视代表土耳其不同社会群体的非政府组织的国家认同的象征建构。在此背景下,分析了2019年11月10日在Instagram上关注最多、在社会上有社会、文化、经济活动的38个不同领域的非政府组织的帖子。共享的视觉效果被用来在分配给它们的各种代码的帮助下进行分类。主题化方法用于描述嵌入编码的Instagram上发布的照片类型。然后,通过将非常接近的代码组合在一起,对它们进行聚类分析,以查看哪些符号经常一起使用,以及它们形成了哪些意义模式。研究结果表明,通常被描述为全球身份和流动空间的社交媒体,是一个由构成国家的主体和社会群体折衷地重建国家身份并通过符号传播的空间。
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引用次数: 0
Examination of Social Media Platforms in Terms of Privacy Policy 社交媒体平台的隐私政策审查
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.17932/ctcspc.21/ctc21.013
Sema Bulat Demir, Ayten Övür
Nowadays, social media platforms are frequently being used on the Internet. When the users create an account for these platforms, they are required to accept the data privacy policy. With the approval of the data policy, major problems may arise such as observing every activity of users on the platform, violations of security and protection of personal data, and sharing user data with third parties for commercial purposes. In this regard, it is significant to examine the privacy policies of social media platforms in detail. In this research, we examined the privacy policies of the five most popular free applications on the communication section of the Google Play Store on January 30th, 2021. The privacy policies of these applications were analyzed with the content analysis method, and the research aims to reveal the area of utilization of the data that the users provide, with or without the permission of the user.
如今,社交媒体平台在互联网上被频繁使用。当用户为这些平台创建账号时,需要接受数据隐私政策。数据政策通过后,可能会出现观察用户在平台上的每一项活动、违反个人数据安全和保护、将用户数据共享给第三方用于商业目的等重大问题。在这方面,详细研究社交媒体平台的隐私政策具有重要意义。在这项研究中,我们检查了2021年1月30日Google Play Store通信部分最受欢迎的五个免费应用程序的隐私政策。采用内容分析法对这些应用程序的隐私政策进行分析,旨在揭示用户提供的数据在获得或未经用户许可的情况下被利用的领域。
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引用次数: 0
An Examination of Trendyol’s Legendary-Days Youtube Ads Through Comments 通过评论对Trendyol的传奇日Youtube广告进行审查
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.17932/ctcspc.21/ctc21.035
The internet, where people spend a big chunk of their time, has become an indispensable part of life. Thanks to online e-commerce websites, being able to choose from different categories and products and procure everything needed, from clothes to technology, from major appliances to groceries, is one of the most important conveniences of our age. As the interest of consumers increased, so did the number of e-commerce websites. These websites started to make numerous special offers and marketing campaigns to differentiate themselves from their competitors. One of these campaigns, the Black Friday, has taken the shopping habits within the context of consumption culture to a whole new level the moment it was introduced in Turkey. This discount tradition that went beyond the borders of the US with globalization, has spread around the world. An example to the fact that traditional shopping has given its place to e-commerce applications thanks to the rapid development of digitalization, one of Turkey’s pioneer e-commerce applications, Trendyol has transformed Black Friday and started the “Legendary Days” campaign. The frequency of the promotion work within the process of this campaign has caused the emergence of a different range of perceptions in the target audience. Encountering Trendyol’s “Legendary Days” advertising campaign too often has created both positive and negative perception, especially during COVID-19 lockdowns where people spend most of their time watching TV, browsing the internet, or playing online games. In this study, 429 YouTube comments on Trendyol’s four commercial films on YouTube for Trendyol’s “Legendary Days” campaign that took place on 25th, 26th, and 27th of November 2020, have been examined through a content analysis of 13 items. Additionally, a text analysis was conducted on comments. According to the results of the study, it was found that being exposed to YouTube advertisements on a frequent basis, especially during a pandemic where people cannot leave their homes, had created a negative reputation for Trendyol’s “Legendary Days” campaign among YouTube users. This case causes a discrepancy between the positive reputation works Trendyol has conducted during the pandemic period.
互联网是人们花费大量时间的地方,已经成为生活中不可或缺的一部分。由于在线电子商务网站,能够从不同的类别和产品中进行选择,并购买所需的一切,从衣服到技术,从主要电器到杂货,是我们这个时代最重要的便利之一。随着消费者兴趣的增加,电子商务网站的数量也在增加。这些网站开始进行大量的特别优惠和营销活动,以区别于他们的竞争对手。其中一个活动,黑色星期五,已经把消费文化背景下的购物习惯提升到一个全新的水平,它被引入土耳其。随着全球化的发展,这种打折的传统已经超越了美国的国界,蔓延到了世界各地。一个例子是,由于数字化的快速发展,传统购物已经让位于电子商务应用,Trendyol是土耳其电子商务应用的先驱之一,它改变了黑色星期五,开始了“传奇日”活动。在这个活动的过程中,促销工作的频率导致目标受众产生了一系列不同的看法。经常遇到Trendyol的“传奇日子”广告活动会产生积极和消极的看法,特别是在COVID-19封锁期间,人们大部分时间都在看电视、上网或玩网络游戏。在本研究中,通过对13个项目的内容分析,对Trendyol于2020年11月25日、26日和27日在YouTube上为Trendyol的“传奇日子”活动拍摄的四部商业电影的429条YouTube评论进行了审查。此外,对评论进行了文本分析。根据研究结果,发现频繁接触YouTube广告,特别是在人们无法离开家的大流行期间,为Trendyol的“传奇日子”活动在YouTube用户中创造了负面声誉。该病例与Trendyol在大流行期间开展的积极声誉工作存在差异。
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引用次数: 0
Reflections of Epidemic Diseases in Dystopic Works: An Example of "An Trial of Blindness" 传染病在反乌托邦作品中的反思——以《失明审判》为例
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.17932/ctcspc.21/ctc21.011
Yağmur Ceylan
Throughout human history of mankind, many epidemics have arisen, and these diseases have been frequently the subject of novels and movies. The spread of the Covid-19 virus has caused the works on epidemic diseases to come back to the agenda and it has caused to be reconsidered for this issue in the new period works. One of these literary works, the novel “Ensaio Sobre a Cegueira” (Blindness) which is written by Saramago in 1995, is essentially a dystopian work that seeks an answer to “Well, what if all people suddenly went blind for no reason?”. While the author deals with the conflicts in the modern world, the collapse of conscience and moral values through the image of blindness, at the same time he is striving to give aesthetic pleasure to the reader. The work, which has also been adapted to cinema with the same name, maintains actuality even today. This study consists of comparison between the novel “Ensaio Sobre a Cegueira” (Blindness) and the movie Blindness (2008) which was originally adapted to the novel. Literature review, textual analysis and content analysis were used as methods. The comparison is based on the discussion of the social effects of the COVID-19 virus which emerged in 2020 and spread all over the world.
在整个人类历史上,出现了许多流行病,这些疾病经常成为小说和电影的主题。新冠肺炎疫情的蔓延,使流行病工作重新回到了工作日程,并在新时期的工作中对这一问题进行了反思。其中一部文学作品是萨拉马戈1995年写的小说《失明》(Ensaio Sobre a Cegueira),本质上是一部反乌托邦的作品,它寻求的答案是“如果所有的人突然无缘无故失明会怎么样?”作者在通过盲人的形象描写现代社会的冲突、良知和道德价值的崩溃的同时,力求给读者带来审美上的愉悦。这部作品也被改编成同名电影,即使在今天也保持着现实性。本研究将小说《失明》(Ensaio Sobre a Cegueira)与改编自小说的电影《失明》(2008)进行比较。采用文献分析法、文本分析法和内容分析法。这是对2020年出现并扩散到世界各地的新型冠状病毒感染症(COVID-19)的社会影响进行分析后得出的结论。
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引用次数: 0
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