Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.17584/rcch.2023v17i1.15503
Stanislav Magnitskiy
The Andean Region of Colombia has a large variety of species with diverse ethnobotanical uses, including industrial, medicinal and food uses. Among these plants are several wild species from the genus Vaccinium, which are native to the mountainous regions of the country. This review deals with potential uses for agraz (V. meridionale) and agracejo (V. floribundum) in Colombia, focusing on the nutritional potential of these plants and their importance for food security in terms of products made from their fruits and leaves. In addition, this review looks at possible negative effects from anthropic activities and climate change on wild plants from the genus Vaccinium.
{"title":"Native plants from the genus Vaccinium in Colombia and their potential uses. A review","authors":"Stanislav Magnitskiy","doi":"10.17584/rcch.2023v17i1.15503","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17584/rcch.2023v17i1.15503","url":null,"abstract":"The Andean Region of Colombia has a large variety of species with diverse ethnobotanical uses, including industrial, medicinal and food uses. Among these plants are several wild species from the genus Vaccinium, which are native to the mountainous regions of the country. This review deals with potential uses for agraz (V. meridionale) and agracejo (V. floribundum) in Colombia, focusing on the nutritional potential of these plants and their importance for food security in terms of products made from their fruits and leaves. In addition, this review looks at possible negative effects from anthropic activities and climate change on wild plants from the genus Vaccinium.","PeriodicalId":21384,"journal":{"name":"Revista Colombiana de Ciencias Hortícolas","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79879060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.17584/rcch.2023v17i1.15753
S. Buitrago, M. Leandro, G. Fischer
Nutrient deficiency symptoms are widely used to determine the nutrient demands of a crop and to clarify nutritional disorders, especially when they are nutrient specific. Until now, a calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg) and boron (B) deficiency experiment has not been carried out on feijoa, and diagnostic symptoms have not been described. For this reason, 9-months-old ‘Quimba’ feijoa plants were studied using the missing nutrient method. A modified Hoagland and Arnon solution was applied for each treatment, leaving out one element in each treatment. The treatments were: (1) complete fertilization (control); (2) complete fertilization -Ca; (3) complete fertilization -Mg; (4) complete fertilization -B; and (5) without fertilization (negative control). Deficiency symptoms in the plants were described, and photographic records were made. The Ca deficiency was noted early in the shoot tips and later in fully-expanded, young leaves. The Mg-deficiency was observed in older and fully-expanded leaves, mainly as interveinal chlorosis, while the B deficiency generated a variety of symptoms, interveinal and total chlorosis in fully and not fully-expanded leaves and a mosaic of symptoms in adult leaves. For the growth components, the Mg deficiency reduced the number of apical shoots, while the Ca- and Mg-deficiencies reduced the seedling growth rate significantly. For future experiments, the authors suggest an experiment period longer than 102 d to achieve more conclusive results.
{"title":"Symptoms and growth components in feijoa (Acca sellowiana [O. Berg] Burret) plants in response to calcium, magnesium and boron deficiencies","authors":"S. Buitrago, M. Leandro, G. Fischer","doi":"10.17584/rcch.2023v17i1.15753","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17584/rcch.2023v17i1.15753","url":null,"abstract":"Nutrient deficiency symptoms are widely used to determine the nutrient demands of a crop and to clarify nutritional disorders, especially when they are nutrient specific. Until now, a calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg) and boron (B) deficiency experiment has not been carried out on feijoa, and diagnostic symptoms have not been described. For this reason, 9-months-old ‘Quimba’ feijoa plants were studied using the missing nutrient method. A modified Hoagland and Arnon solution was applied for each treatment, leaving out one element in each treatment. The treatments were: (1) complete fertilization (control); (2) complete fertilization -Ca; (3) complete fertilization -Mg; (4) complete fertilization -B; and (5) without fertilization (negative control). Deficiency symptoms in the plants were described, and photographic records were made. The Ca deficiency was noted early in the shoot tips and later in fully-expanded, young leaves. The Mg-deficiency was observed in older and fully-expanded leaves, mainly as interveinal chlorosis, while the B deficiency generated a variety of symptoms, interveinal and total chlorosis in fully and not fully-expanded leaves and a mosaic of symptoms in adult leaves. For the growth components, the Mg deficiency reduced the number of apical shoots, while the Ca- and Mg-deficiencies reduced the seedling growth rate significantly. For future experiments, the authors suggest an experiment period longer than 102 d to achieve more conclusive results.","PeriodicalId":21384,"journal":{"name":"Revista Colombiana de Ciencias Hortícolas","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89295278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-01DOI: 10.17584/rcch.2022v16i3.15034
Andrés David Becerra, Santiago Quevedo-Rubiano, Stanislav Magnitskiy, H. Lancheros
The Andean blueberry (Vaccinium meridionale Swartz) is a promising fruit crop that has gained importance in the market because of its nutritional and medicinal properties; however, there are few studies on the optimal conditions for growth and production. In this study, the vegetative growth of Andean blueberry plants was evaluated for 200 days in three sites at different altitudes in the Department of Cundinamarca (Colombia): municipality of San Francisco (1,885 m a.s.l.), Bogota (Universidad Nacional de Colombia - UNAL, 2,556 m a.s.l.), and Cruz Verde páramo (3,298 m a.s.l.). For the evaluation, 2-year-old plants were used that were propagated in vitro. The experiment had a repeated measures design, with 3 treatments (locations) and 5 data collection times, with destructive measurements at the beginning and at the end of the trial. Data for leaf area per plant, plant height, stem width, number of primary branches, branch length, and chlorophyll contents in leaves were taken. The tallest plants, with the largest leaf area and most dry matter, were found at the UNAL (2,556 m a.s.l.). Morphological and physiological variations were observed in response to each of the environments, with correlations between the growth variables and the environmental variables. The highest percentage distribution of dry matter in leaves was in the plants from the Cruz Verde páramo (3,298 m a.s.l.), while the percentage distribution of dry weight in the stem was higher in the plants from San Francisco (1,885 m a.s.l.). The percentage distribution of root dry weight was greater in the plants from San Francisco than those from other locations. The results indicated that the Andean blueberry plants had the most suitable conditions for vegetative growth at altitudes close to 2,556 m a.s.l.
安第斯蓝莓(Vaccinium meridionale Swartz)是一种很有前途的水果作物，因其营养和药用特性而在市场上占有重要地位;然而，关于其生长和生产的最佳条件的研究却很少。本研究在哥伦比亚昆迪纳马拉卡省不同海拔的三个地点对安第斯蓝莓植物的营养生长进行了200天的评估:旧金山市(海拔1,885米)、波哥大市(哥伦比亚国立大学海拔2,556米)和克鲁斯Verde páramo(海拔3,298米)。为了进行评价，使用了2岁的离体繁殖植株。试验采用重复测量设计，3个处理(地点)和5次数据收集，试验开始和结束时进行破坏性测量。采集单株叶面积、株高、茎宽、一次枝数、枝长、叶片叶绿素含量等数据。在UNAL发现了最高的植物，叶面积最大，干物质最多(平均海拔2556米)。在不同的环境条件下，观察到不同的形态和生理变化，以及生长变量与环境变量之间的相关性。干物质在叶片中的百分比分布最高的是来自绿岛páramo的植物(3298 m a.s.l.)，干重在茎中的百分比分布最高的是来自旧金山的植物(1885 m a.s.l.)。根系干重的百分比分布在旧金山地区大于其他地区。结果表明，安第斯山脉蓝莓植物在海拔2556 m附近最适宜营养生长。
{"title":"Morphological responses of Andean blueberry (Vaccinium meridionale Swartz) plants growing in three environments at different altitudes","authors":"Andrés David Becerra, Santiago Quevedo-Rubiano, Stanislav Magnitskiy, H. Lancheros","doi":"10.17584/rcch.2022v16i3.15034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17584/rcch.2022v16i3.15034","url":null,"abstract":"The Andean blueberry (Vaccinium meridionale Swartz) is a promising fruit crop that has gained importance in the market because of its nutritional and medicinal properties; however, there are few studies on the optimal conditions for growth and production. In this study, the vegetative growth of Andean blueberry plants was evaluated for 200 days in three sites at different altitudes in the Department of Cundinamarca (Colombia): municipality of San Francisco (1,885 m a.s.l.), Bogota (Universidad Nacional de Colombia - UNAL, 2,556 m a.s.l.), and Cruz Verde páramo (3,298 m a.s.l.). For the evaluation, 2-year-old plants were used that were propagated in vitro. The experiment had a repeated measures design, with 3 treatments (locations) and 5 data collection times, with destructive measurements at the beginning and at the end of the trial. Data for leaf area per plant, plant height, stem width, number of primary branches, branch length, and chlorophyll contents in leaves were taken. The tallest plants, with the largest leaf area and most dry matter, were found at the UNAL (2,556 m a.s.l.). Morphological and physiological variations were observed in response to each of the environments, with correlations between the growth variables and the environmental variables. The highest percentage distribution of dry matter in leaves was in the plants from the Cruz Verde páramo (3,298 m a.s.l.), while the percentage distribution of dry weight in the stem was higher in the plants from San Francisco (1,885 m a.s.l.). The percentage distribution of root dry weight was greater in the plants from San Francisco than those from other locations. The results indicated that the Andean blueberry plants had the most suitable conditions for vegetative growth at altitudes close to 2,556 m a.s.l.","PeriodicalId":21384,"journal":{"name":"Revista Colombiana de Ciencias Hortícolas","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78457408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-01DOI: 10.17584/rcch.2022v16i3.14833
Álvaro Tamayo-Vélez, Jorge Alonso Bernal-Estrada, C. A. Díaz-Diez, Lucas Esteban Cano-Gallego, Ó. Córdoba-Gaona
There is limited information in Colombia on the effect of rootstock compatibility on the amount and concentration of nutrients in avocado cv. Hass. This study aimed to determine the effect of rootstock/scion compatibility on fruit and leaf nutritional concentration. This experiment was developed in 9-year-old commercial avocado ‘Hass’ orchards in three locations with a moderately cold climate in Colombia (Rionegro, El Peñol, and Anserma). The scion cv. Hass was grafted on rootstocks with an Antillean origin. 15 trees were selected and marked in each orchard and location, and 25 fruits per tree and per treatment were taken at random (compatible and incompatible grafting). Subsequently, the fresh and dry weight of the skin (epicarp), the pulp (mesocarp), seed, and the seedcoat were obtained. The concentration of major and minor elements was analyzed in each tissue. There was no significant effect on the concentration of nutrients in the fruits from trees with and without compatibility between rootstock and scion. Statistical differences were observed at three locations in the concentration of nutrients in the different parts of the fruit. The nutrient with the highest concentration in the four fruit tissues was K, followed by N. The seed coat had the highest concentration of nutrients for all locations. The embryo had the lowest concentration of the major elements, such as N, K, Ca, Mg, S, and P. The order of the concentration in the fruit tissues was: K> N> Mg> P> Ca> S> Fe> B> Zn > Mn. The compatibility did not show significant differences between the leaf mineral content, nor did it affect the nutrient balances for each element at the foliar level.
{"title":"Effect of rootstock/scion compatibility on fruit and foliar nutrient composition in avocado (Persea americana Mill.) cv. Hass in Colombia","authors":"Álvaro Tamayo-Vélez, Jorge Alonso Bernal-Estrada, C. A. Díaz-Diez, Lucas Esteban Cano-Gallego, Ó. Córdoba-Gaona","doi":"10.17584/rcch.2022v16i3.14833","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17584/rcch.2022v16i3.14833","url":null,"abstract":"There is limited information in Colombia on the effect of rootstock compatibility on the amount and concentration of nutrients in avocado cv. Hass. This study aimed to determine the effect of rootstock/scion compatibility on fruit and leaf nutritional concentration. This experiment was developed in 9-year-old commercial avocado ‘Hass’ orchards in three locations with a moderately cold climate in Colombia (Rionegro, El Peñol, and Anserma). The scion cv. Hass was grafted on rootstocks with an Antillean origin. 15 trees were selected and marked in each orchard and location, and 25 fruits per tree and per treatment were taken at random (compatible and incompatible grafting). Subsequently, the fresh and dry weight of the skin (epicarp), the pulp (mesocarp), seed, and the seedcoat were obtained. The concentration of major and minor elements was analyzed in each tissue. There was no significant effect on the concentration of nutrients in the fruits from trees with and without compatibility between rootstock and scion. Statistical differences were observed at three locations in the concentration of nutrients in the different parts of the fruit. The nutrient with the highest concentration in the four fruit tissues was K, followed by N. The seed coat had the highest concentration of nutrients for all locations. The embryo had the lowest concentration of the major elements, such as N, K, Ca, Mg, S, and P. The order of the concentration in the fruit tissues was: K> N> Mg> P> Ca> S> Fe> B> Zn > Mn. The compatibility did not show significant differences between the leaf mineral content, nor did it affect the nutrient balances for each element at the foliar level.","PeriodicalId":21384,"journal":{"name":"Revista Colombiana de Ciencias Hortícolas","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83409043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-01DOI: 10.17584/rcch.2022v16i3.15398
Richard Alexander Roncancio-Chaparro, J. Álvarez-Herrera, Julián Mauricio Molano-Díaz
La producción de arándanos ha aumentado en Colombia debido a las condiciones ambientales que facilitan su producción especialmente en las zonas de altitud mayor a 2.000 m. Los frutos de arándanos son altamente perecederos y muchas empresas productoras no poseen sistemas de refrigeración, por lo que la aplicación de productos para aumentar su conservación a temperatura ambiente es necesaria. Se evaluó el comportamiento poscosecha de frutos de arándanos con diferentes dosis de ciclodextrina (CyDs) (0, 200, 400, 600, 800 o 1.000 µg L-1). Los frutos del control alcanzaron 13 días después de cosecha (ddc), mientras que la aplicación de 200, 400 y 600 µg L-1 mantuvieron la calidad de consumo durante 15 días. La dosis de 400 µg L-1 de CyDs mostró el mejor comportamiento en parámetros como la pérdida de masa (PM), firmeza, sólidos solubles totales (SST), relación de madurez (RM) e intensidad respiratoria con respecto al testigo, mientras que la aplicación de 600 µg L-1 tuvo los mayores valores de pH, antocianinas totales (AnT), luminosidad (L*), cromaticidad y tonalidad. Las AnT aumentaron hasta los 13 ddc en los frutos de arándano, y a partir de allí, disminuyeron lo cual indicó la senescencia y pérdida de valor nutricional. Durante el almacenamiento de los frutos, los valores de L* descendieron mientras que la cromaticidad de verde a rojo (a*) aumentó. La aplicación de CyDs no afectó las propiedades organolépticas de los frutos tratados en relación con el control, por lo que, las CyDs no afectan la calidad de consumo.
{"title":"Efecto de la ciclodextrina en la calidad de frutos de arándano (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) cv. Biloxi","authors":"Richard Alexander Roncancio-Chaparro, J. Álvarez-Herrera, Julián Mauricio Molano-Díaz","doi":"10.17584/rcch.2022v16i3.15398","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17584/rcch.2022v16i3.15398","url":null,"abstract":"La producción de arándanos ha aumentado en Colombia debido a las condiciones ambientales que facilitan su producción especialmente en las zonas de altitud mayor a 2.000 m. Los frutos de arándanos son altamente perecederos y muchas empresas productoras no poseen sistemas de refrigeración, por lo que la aplicación de productos para aumentar su conservación a temperatura ambiente es necesaria. Se evaluó el comportamiento poscosecha de frutos de arándanos con diferentes dosis de ciclodextrina (CyDs) (0, 200, 400, 600, 800 o 1.000 µg L-1). Los frutos del control alcanzaron 13 días después de cosecha (ddc), mientras que la aplicación de 200, 400 y 600 µg L-1 mantuvieron la calidad de consumo durante 15 días. La dosis de 400 µg L-1 de CyDs mostró el mejor comportamiento en parámetros como la pérdida de masa (PM), firmeza, sólidos solubles totales (SST), relación de madurez (RM) e intensidad respiratoria con respecto al testigo, mientras que la aplicación de 600 µg L-1 tuvo los mayores valores de pH, antocianinas totales (AnT), luminosidad (L*), cromaticidad y tonalidad. Las AnT aumentaron hasta los 13 ddc en los frutos de arándano, y a partir de allí, disminuyeron lo cual indicó la senescencia y pérdida de valor nutricional. Durante el almacenamiento de los frutos, los valores de L* descendieron mientras que la cromaticidad de verde a rojo (a*) aumentó. La aplicación de CyDs no afectó las propiedades organolépticas de los frutos tratados en relación con el control, por lo que, las CyDs no afectan la calidad de consumo.","PeriodicalId":21384,"journal":{"name":"Revista Colombiana de Ciencias Hortícolas","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84433470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-01DOI: 10.17584/rcch.2022v16i3.15296
María Fernanda Leguízamo-Medina, Elberth-Hernando Pinzón-Sandoval, H. E. Balaguera-López
The production of carnations (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) in Colombia is a very important economic activity. Therefore, predicting harvests is vital for the market. The phenological behavior and growth of carnations during the flowering season in the cultivars Idilio, Ilusion, and Moon light were determined in greenhouse using a functional growth analysis. This research was based on the phenological stages and accumulation of growing degree day (GDD), relating the temperature in terms of thermal time with the development of flower buds from the rice point phenological stage to cut-off point 5. There were eight stages of carnation flower bud development; rice, pea, chickpea, barrel, star, bullet, cut point 3, and cut point 5. The fresh and dry mass of the flower buds in the three varieties presented a simple sigmoid growth pattern that was adjusted to a logistic model. There were three growth phases: phase 1, which was from the pea stage to barrel stage with accumulation of 380.7 GDD in the Idilio cultivar, 381.5 GDD for ‘Ilusion’, and 361.6 GDD for ‘Moon light’. Phase 2 ended with the bullet stage, where the accumulation was 294.4 GDD, 397.7 GDD, and 293.5 GDD for ‘Idilio’, ‘Ilusion’ and ‘Moon light’, respectively. In phase 3, ‘Idilio’ accumulated 108.9 GDD, ‘Ilusion’ had 110.8 GDD, and ‘Moon light’ showed 99.9 GDD. Moon light was the earliest cultivar, and Ilusion was the latest variety.
{"title":"Phenology analysis growing and degree days of flower bud growth in three Dianthus caryophyllus L. varieties under greenhouse conditions","authors":"María Fernanda Leguízamo-Medina, Elberth-Hernando Pinzón-Sandoval, H. E. Balaguera-López","doi":"10.17584/rcch.2022v16i3.15296","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17584/rcch.2022v16i3.15296","url":null,"abstract":"The production of carnations (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) in Colombia is a very important economic activity. Therefore, predicting harvests is vital for the market. The phenological behavior and growth of carnations during the flowering season in the cultivars Idilio, Ilusion, and Moon light were determined in greenhouse using a functional growth analysis. This research was based on the phenological stages and accumulation of growing degree day (GDD), relating the temperature in terms of thermal time with the development of flower buds from the rice point phenological stage to cut-off point 5. There were eight stages of carnation flower bud development; rice, pea, chickpea, barrel, star, bullet, cut point 3, and cut point 5. The fresh and dry mass of the flower buds in the three varieties presented a simple sigmoid growth pattern that was adjusted to a logistic model. There were three growth phases: phase 1, which was from the pea stage to barrel stage with accumulation of 380.7 GDD in the Idilio cultivar, 381.5 GDD for ‘Ilusion’, and 361.6 GDD for ‘Moon light’. Phase 2 ended with the bullet stage, where the accumulation was 294.4 GDD, 397.7 GDD, and 293.5 GDD for ‘Idilio’, ‘Ilusion’ and ‘Moon light’, respectively. In phase 3, ‘Idilio’ accumulated 108.9 GDD, ‘Ilusion’ had 110.8 GDD, and ‘Moon light’ showed 99.9 GDD. Moon light was the earliest cultivar, and Ilusion was the latest variety.","PeriodicalId":21384,"journal":{"name":"Revista Colombiana de Ciencias Hortícolas","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89086647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-01DOI: 10.17584/rcch.2022v16i3.15703
G. Fischer, J. O. Orduz-Rodríguez, C. Amarante
The increase in solar radiation and temperature as a result of climate change and variability has increased sunburn damage to fruits, which highly affects quality and yield in tropical and subtropical fruit plants. Solar injuries increase because of conditions with low relative humidity, fruits left uncovered by foliage, and plantations at higher altitudes as a result of increased UV radiation. Three different types of sunburn on fruits are distinguished: photooxidative sunburn, sunburn browning, and necrosis on the epidermis. Fruits employ self-protection mechanisms against this stress through the production of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants. Fruit growers try to mitigate the impact of sunburning by planting species and varieties that are tolerant to this stress, pruning and training plants, leaving enough leaves above the fruit, efficient irrigation and intercropping for shading. More technical sunburn mitigation strategies include 1) improving the microclimate (shading nets, fruit bagging, evaporative cooling), 2) suppressors (kaolinite clay particle films, calcium carbonate) or 3) chemical protection (tocopherol, abscisic acid, ascorbic acid, anti-transpirants). This paper presents the state of research and its results for this abiotic stress in some tropical and subtropical fruit trees, such as avocado, banana, citrus, mango, pineapple and pitaya, along with observations for other fruit trees in tropical altitude zones. Continued research is recommended for this stress in different varieties with the use of environmentally friendly protective materials, along with studies on molecular mechanisms that direct the acclimatization of plants to a combination of these two types of stress, excessive radiation and temperature.
{"title":"Sunburn disorder in tropical and subtropical fruits. A review","authors":"G. Fischer, J. O. Orduz-Rodríguez, C. Amarante","doi":"10.17584/rcch.2022v16i3.15703","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17584/rcch.2022v16i3.15703","url":null,"abstract":"The increase in solar radiation and temperature as a result of climate change and variability has increased sunburn damage to fruits, which highly affects quality and yield in tropical and subtropical fruit plants. Solar injuries increase because of conditions with low relative humidity, fruits left uncovered by foliage, and plantations at higher altitudes as a result of increased UV radiation. Three different types of sunburn on fruits are distinguished: photooxidative sunburn, sunburn browning, and necrosis on the epidermis. Fruits employ self-protection mechanisms against this stress through the production of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants. Fruit growers try to mitigate the impact of sunburning by planting species and varieties that are tolerant to this stress, pruning and training plants, leaving enough leaves above the fruit, efficient irrigation and intercropping for shading. More technical sunburn mitigation strategies include 1) improving the microclimate (shading nets, fruit bagging, evaporative cooling), 2) suppressors (kaolinite clay particle films, calcium carbonate) or 3) chemical protection (tocopherol, abscisic acid, ascorbic acid, anti-transpirants). This paper presents the state of research and its results for this abiotic stress in some tropical and subtropical fruit trees, such as avocado, banana, citrus, mango, pineapple and pitaya, along with observations for other fruit trees in tropical altitude zones. Continued research is recommended for this stress in different varieties with the use of environmentally friendly protective materials, along with studies on molecular mechanisms that direct the acclimatization of plants to a combination of these two types of stress, excessive radiation and temperature.","PeriodicalId":21384,"journal":{"name":"Revista Colombiana de Ciencias Hortícolas","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84272216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-01DOI: 10.17584/rcch.2022v16i3.14738
Giovanni Chaves-Bedoya, Hilda Angélica Padilla, Luz Yineth Ortíz-Rojas, G. Peña-Rodríguez
Burkholderia glumae, is the main causal agent of bacterial panicle blight (BPB) in rice (Oriza sativa), a disease that generates production losses worldwide. Despite its economic importance, effective control measures and rice varieties with complete resistance to this disease have not yet been available. In this study, the antimicrobial activity of electrochemically synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) against B. glumae was evaluated. The AgNPs were synthesized with a DC power supply (UNI-T®) regulated at 24 V, which was connected to two cylindrical electrodes of high purity silver (Aldrich-99.99%) using distilled water as an electrolyte. The AgNPs concentration was determined by measuring the total dissolved solids (TDS) with a HandyLab 680 FK multiparameter. The antibacterial activity of these nanoparticles against B. glumae was determined by the broth macrodilution method at different concentrations (1-10 mg L-1). The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined in 5 mg L-1 of AgNPs. The results revealed that AgNPs are a promising nanopesticide for controlling the BPB disease in rice.
{"title":"Potential use of electrochemically synthesized silver nanoparticles on rice panicle blight pathogen, Burkholderia glumae","authors":"Giovanni Chaves-Bedoya, Hilda Angélica Padilla, Luz Yineth Ortíz-Rojas, G. Peña-Rodríguez","doi":"10.17584/rcch.2022v16i3.14738","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17584/rcch.2022v16i3.14738","url":null,"abstract":"Burkholderia glumae, is the main causal agent of bacterial panicle blight (BPB) in rice (Oriza sativa), a disease that generates production losses worldwide. Despite its economic importance, effective control measures and rice varieties with complete resistance to this disease have not yet been available. In this study, the antimicrobial activity of electrochemically synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) against B. glumae was evaluated. The AgNPs were synthesized with a DC power supply (UNI-T®) regulated at 24 V, which was connected to two cylindrical electrodes of high purity silver (Aldrich-99.99%) using distilled water as an electrolyte. The AgNPs concentration was determined by measuring the total dissolved solids (TDS) with a HandyLab 680 FK multiparameter. The antibacterial activity of these nanoparticles against B. glumae was determined by the broth macrodilution method at different concentrations (1-10 mg L-1). The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined in 5 mg L-1 of AgNPs. The results revealed that AgNPs are a promising nanopesticide for controlling the BPB disease in rice.","PeriodicalId":21384,"journal":{"name":"Revista Colombiana de Ciencias Hortícolas","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90212274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-01DOI: 10.17584/rcch.2022v16i3.15180
Mayerlin Orjuela-Angulo, Saúl Dussán-Sarria, J. H. Camacho-Tamayo
Edaphic conditions are determinant factors of fruit quality at harvest. The objective was to establish which edaphic variables influence fruit harvest and to determine the influence of these variables on some physicochemical and physiological characteristics of ‘Horvin’ plum fruits at harvest. In the municipality of Nuevo Colon (Boyaca, Colombia), records of two harvests were made in four locations during 2015 and 2016. Ten trees per row and twenty trees per location were marked, for a total of 80 trees for the four locations. For the chemical soil analyses, four samples were taken per location at a depth between 20 and 30 cm, for a total of 16 soil samples. For the physical analysis, 6 samples were taken per location at a depth between 20 and 30 cm, for a total of 24 soil samples. The results showed that the bulk density in the four locations was high, which is evidence of high levels of compaction in each location, resulting in low fruit development at harvest. A relationship was found with fruits at harvest in characteristics such as weight and diameter for some chemical variables, such as pH, phosphorus, cation exchange capacity, calcium, magnesium, potassium, zinc, copper, boron and sulfur.
{"title":"Effect of some edaphic conditions on physicochemical and physiological characteristics of ‘Horvin’ plum fruit","authors":"Mayerlin Orjuela-Angulo, Saúl Dussán-Sarria, J. H. Camacho-Tamayo","doi":"10.17584/rcch.2022v16i3.15180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17584/rcch.2022v16i3.15180","url":null,"abstract":"Edaphic conditions are determinant factors of fruit quality at harvest. The objective was to establish which edaphic variables influence fruit harvest and to determine the influence of these variables on some physicochemical and physiological characteristics of ‘Horvin’ plum fruits at harvest. In the municipality of Nuevo Colon (Boyaca, Colombia), records of two harvests were made in four locations during 2015 and 2016. Ten trees per row and twenty trees per location were marked, for a total of 80 trees for the four locations. For the chemical soil analyses, four samples were taken per location at a depth between 20 and 30 cm, for a total of 16 soil samples. For the physical analysis, 6 samples were taken per location at a depth between 20 and 30 cm, for a total of 24 soil samples. The results showed that the bulk density in the four locations was high, which is evidence of high levels of compaction in each location, resulting in low fruit development at harvest. A relationship was found with fruits at harvest in characteristics such as weight and diameter for some chemical variables, such as pH, phosphorus, cation exchange capacity, calcium, magnesium, potassium, zinc, copper, boron and sulfur.","PeriodicalId":21384,"journal":{"name":"Revista Colombiana de Ciencias Hortícolas","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84475080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-01DOI: 10.17584/rcch.2022v16i3.15108
Maria Lucilania Bezerra Almeida, Carlos Farley Herbster Moura, Renato Innecco, M. M. D. Silveira, Edy Sousa de Brito
Given the scarcity of research related to the interference of the climatic elements under the qualitative characteristics of the cashew apples, this work had the objective of evaluating the quality and total antioxidant activity of cashew apple of dwarf cashew in different climatic conditions. The experimental design was completely randomized, in a factorial scheme with repeated measurement in time, with three clones (CCP 09, BRS 265 and PRO 555-1) in two regions, cearense semiarid, sertão (Alto Santo – CE) and a coast (Beberibe – CE), with four replications and evaluated in different years. In the laboratory, the fruits were processed to obtain the pulp and evaluated for: soluble solids (SS, °Brix), titratable acidity (TA, % malic acid), SS/TA, soluble sugars (AS, % glucose), vitamin C (mg/100 g), total extractable polyphenols (TEP, mg L-1), cinnamic acid (CA, mg L-1), transcinnamoyl glycoside (TG, mg L-1) and total antioxidant activity (TAA, μmol Trolox/g). It was observed highest values of SS, TA, AS, vitamin C, TG, TEP and TAA obtained in cashew apple in the sertão. The ‘CCP 09’ showed higher quality to the others, responding in a positive way to the variations of environments conditions. The quality and antioxidant activity of cashew apple are influenced by the climatic elements of each region, as well as the year of production and the genotype. The antioxidant activity attributed to the cashew apple showed to be more strongly related to TEP and transcinnamoyl glycoside content.
{"title":"Could the production region influence the quality and antioxidant activity of cashew apple?","authors":"Maria Lucilania Bezerra Almeida, Carlos Farley Herbster Moura, Renato Innecco, M. M. D. Silveira, Edy Sousa de Brito","doi":"10.17584/rcch.2022v16i3.15108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17584/rcch.2022v16i3.15108","url":null,"abstract":"Given the scarcity of research related to the interference of the climatic elements under the qualitative characteristics of the cashew apples, this work had the objective of evaluating the quality and total antioxidant activity of cashew apple of dwarf cashew in different climatic conditions. The experimental design was completely randomized, in a factorial scheme with repeated measurement in time, with three clones (CCP 09, BRS 265 and PRO 555-1) in two regions, cearense semiarid, sertão (Alto Santo – CE) and a coast (Beberibe – CE), with four replications and evaluated in different years. In the laboratory, the fruits were processed to obtain the pulp and evaluated for: soluble solids (SS, °Brix), titratable acidity (TA, % malic acid), SS/TA, soluble sugars (AS, % glucose), vitamin C (mg/100 g), total extractable polyphenols (TEP, mg L-1), cinnamic acid (CA, mg L-1), transcinnamoyl glycoside (TG, mg L-1) and total antioxidant activity (TAA, μmol Trolox/g). It was observed highest values of SS, TA, AS, vitamin C, TG, TEP and TAA obtained in cashew apple in the sertão. The ‘CCP 09’ showed higher quality to the others, responding in a positive way to the variations of environments conditions. The quality and antioxidant activity of cashew apple are influenced by the climatic elements of each region, as well as the year of production and the genotype. The antioxidant activity attributed to the cashew apple showed to be more strongly related to TEP and transcinnamoyl glycoside content.","PeriodicalId":21384,"journal":{"name":"Revista Colombiana de Ciencias Hortícolas","volume":"111 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89460419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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