Pub Date : 2022-05-01DOI: 10.17584/rcch.2022v16i2.14090
A. Bester, I. Carvalho, Murilo Vieira Loro, A. H. Ramos, Inaê Carolina Sfalcin, J. G. D. Silva, Felipe da Rosa Foguesatto, Marcos Vinícius Uhde Foguesatto
This study aimed to highlight the behavior of cassava cultivars when subjected to different densities and biostimulants at planting and to select superior cultivars based on nutritional and productive attributes using the multivariate approach. The experiment design used randomized blocks in a three-factor scheme, with three cassava cultivars (FEPAGRO-RS 13 Vassourinha, BRS CS01, Iapar - 19 Pioneira) × two planting densities (10 and 20 buds per linear meter) × two biostimulator forms (with and without) in three replications, totaling 36 experiment units. Cultivar BRS CS01 had the highest yield and concentration of mineral material, genotype FEPAGRO - RS 13 Vassourinha had the highest lipid content, and Iapar 19 - Pioneira had the highest protein concentrations. The starch content was tested with a comparison of means and MGIDI index. Cultivar FEPAGRO - RS 13 Vassourinha had the highest content and, according to the index, was the ideal cultivar based on multi-characteristics. Density 10 with the biostimulator was favorable for productivity and lipids, whereas density 10 without the biostimulator was favorable for starch, lipids, proteins and productivity. Density 20 with the biostimulator was favorable for lipids.
{"title":"Genetic contributions to productivity and nutritional aspects in cassava crops","authors":"A. Bester, I. Carvalho, Murilo Vieira Loro, A. H. Ramos, Inaê Carolina Sfalcin, J. G. D. Silva, Felipe da Rosa Foguesatto, Marcos Vinícius Uhde Foguesatto","doi":"10.17584/rcch.2022v16i2.14090","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17584/rcch.2022v16i2.14090","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to highlight the behavior of cassava cultivars when subjected to different densities and biostimulants at planting and to select superior cultivars based on nutritional and productive attributes using the multivariate approach. The experiment design used randomized blocks in a three-factor scheme, with three cassava cultivars (FEPAGRO-RS 13 Vassourinha, BRS CS01, Iapar - 19 Pioneira) × two planting densities (10 and 20 buds per linear meter) × two biostimulator forms (with and without) in three replications, totaling 36 experiment units. Cultivar BRS CS01 had the highest yield and concentration of mineral material, genotype FEPAGRO - RS 13 Vassourinha had the highest lipid content, and Iapar 19 - Pioneira had the highest protein concentrations. The starch content was tested with a comparison of means and MGIDI index. Cultivar FEPAGRO - RS 13 Vassourinha had the highest content and, according to the index, was the ideal cultivar based on multi-characteristics. Density 10 with the biostimulator was favorable for productivity and lipids, whereas density 10 without the biostimulator was favorable for starch, lipids, proteins and productivity. Density 20 with the biostimulator was favorable for lipids.","PeriodicalId":21384,"journal":{"name":"Revista Colombiana de Ciencias Hortícolas","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89504866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-01DOI: 10.17584/rcch.2022v16i2.13525
J. Souza, J. Araújo, E. D. S. Félix, R. D. C. Alves, Tarcísio José de Oliveira Filho, E. C. D. Lira
The forage cactus Mexican Elephant Ear is widely incorporated into the animal productive chain of the northeast region of Brazil. However, there is a lack of studies on the physiological dynamics of this cactus. Therefore, this study was conducted at the Estação Experimental Prof. Ignácio Salcedo of the Instituto Nacional do Semiárido (INSA), in Campina Grande, State of Paraíba, Brazil. The aim of this study was to evaluate CO2 uptake and water-use efficiency levels in Opuntia stricta (Haw.) during different seasons and evaluation times. The treatments were distributed using a 24×2 factorial arrangement, which corresponded to the evaluation of gas exchange processes for 24 hours in the rainy (June) and dry (December) seasons. The evaluated parameters were stomatal conductance, transpiration and CO2 uptake rate, internal CO2 concentration, instantaneous water-use efficiency and intrinsic water-use efficiency. The results revealed that gas exchange in the forage cactus was more intense during the rainy season, with good stability, than the low exchange levels during the dry season. Regardless of the season, the CO2 uptake peaked between 24:00 and 02:00. In addition, this range of time is the most suitable to conduct analyses under field conditions.
{"title":"CO2 capture and water use efficiency in Opuntia stricta (Haw.) at different seasons and evaluation times","authors":"J. Souza, J. Araújo, E. D. S. Félix, R. D. C. Alves, Tarcísio José de Oliveira Filho, E. C. D. Lira","doi":"10.17584/rcch.2022v16i2.13525","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17584/rcch.2022v16i2.13525","url":null,"abstract":"The forage cactus Mexican Elephant Ear is widely incorporated into the animal productive chain of the northeast region of Brazil. However, there is a lack of studies on the physiological dynamics of this cactus. Therefore, this study was conducted at the Estação Experimental Prof. Ignácio Salcedo of the Instituto Nacional do Semiárido (INSA), in Campina Grande, State of Paraíba, Brazil. The aim of this study was to evaluate CO2 uptake and water-use efficiency levels in Opuntia stricta (Haw.) during different seasons and evaluation times. The treatments were distributed using a 24×2 factorial arrangement, which corresponded to the evaluation of gas exchange processes for 24 hours in the rainy (June) and dry (December) seasons. The evaluated parameters were stomatal conductance, transpiration and CO2 uptake rate, internal CO2 concentration, instantaneous water-use efficiency and intrinsic water-use efficiency. The results revealed that gas exchange in the forage cactus was more intense during the rainy season, with good stability, than the low exchange levels during the dry season. Regardless of the season, the CO2 uptake peaked between 24:00 and 02:00. In addition, this range of time is the most suitable to conduct analyses under field conditions.","PeriodicalId":21384,"journal":{"name":"Revista Colombiana de Ciencias Hortícolas","volume":"147 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73553512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-01DOI: 10.17584/rcch.2022v16i2.13623
Ana María Gómez-Duque, C. S. Morales-Londoño, Alejandro Hurtado-Salazar, Nelson Ceballos-Aguirre
To increase the availability of nutrients and improve crop productivity, chemical fertilizers are introduced to the soil, although the biological fixation of nitrogen contributes globally with 180 million metric tons of ammonia per year, which is comparable to current contribution of anthropogenic nitrogen. In this way, the present study aimed to evaluate the effect of the interaction of Azospyrillum brasilense and Bradyrhizobium japonicum with different levels of nitrogen on the yield and economic viability of the tomato crop. An experimental design of divided plots was used, with the nitrogen fertilization dose being the largest plot (100% of the dose, 50% of the dose and 0% of the dose) and the minor plot of nitrogen-fixing bacteria (100 cc ha-1, 200 cc ha-1, 300 cc ha-1) with four random internal blocks and five plants as experimental unit. The variables evaluated were: production per plant, yield/ha, number of fruits/plant and average fruit weight. Finally, the economic analysis was performed according to the combination of the treatments. The results obtained showed that the mixture of nitrogen-fixing bacteria (BFN) (Azospyrillum brasilense and Bradyrhizobium japonicum) at a dose of 100 cc ha-1, significantly increased tomato production when nitrogen (urea) was not applied. The application of BFN in combination with adequate levels of nitrogen favors the sustainability of the tomato.
为了增加养分的可用性和提高作物生产力，向土壤中施用了化肥，尽管全球每年生物固氮贡献1.8亿吨氨，这与目前人为氮的贡献相当。因此，本研究旨在评价不同施氮水平下巴西氮瘟菌和日本慢生根瘤菌互作对番茄产量和经济活力的影响。采用分块试验设计，施氮量为最大块(施氮量100%、施氮量50%、施氮量0%)，固氮菌小块(施氮量100cc ha-1、200cc ha-1、300cc ha-1)，随机设4个内块，5株植物为试验单元。评估的变量为:单株产量、单株产量、单株果数和平均果重。最后，对不同处理组合进行了经济分析。结果表明，在不施氮(尿素)的情况下，固氮菌(巴西氮胞菌和日本慢生根瘤菌)混合施用100 cc ha-1可显著提高番茄产量。施用BFN与适当的氮素水平相结合有利于番茄的可持续性。
{"title":"Nitrogen-fixing bacteria and nitrogen fertilization on economic feasibility of tomato","authors":"Ana María Gómez-Duque, C. S. Morales-Londoño, Alejandro Hurtado-Salazar, Nelson Ceballos-Aguirre","doi":"10.17584/rcch.2022v16i2.13623","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17584/rcch.2022v16i2.13623","url":null,"abstract":"To increase the availability of nutrients and improve crop productivity, chemical fertilizers are introduced to the soil, although the biological fixation of nitrogen contributes globally with 180 million metric tons of ammonia per year, which is comparable to current contribution of anthropogenic nitrogen. In this way, the present study aimed to evaluate the effect of the interaction of Azospyrillum brasilense and Bradyrhizobium japonicum with different levels of nitrogen on the yield and economic viability of the tomato crop. An experimental design of divided plots was used, with the nitrogen fertilization dose being the largest plot (100% of the dose, 50% of the dose and 0% of the dose) and the minor plot of nitrogen-fixing bacteria (100 cc ha-1, 200 cc ha-1, 300 cc ha-1) with four random internal blocks and five plants as experimental unit. The variables evaluated were: production per plant, yield/ha, number of fruits/plant and average fruit weight. Finally, the economic analysis was performed according to the combination of the treatments. The results obtained showed that the mixture of nitrogen-fixing bacteria (BFN) (Azospyrillum brasilense and Bradyrhizobium japonicum) at a dose of 100 cc ha-1, significantly increased tomato production when nitrogen (urea) was not applied. The application of BFN in combination with adequate levels of nitrogen favors the sustainability of the tomato.","PeriodicalId":21384,"journal":{"name":"Revista Colombiana de Ciencias Hortícolas","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89705931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-01DOI: 10.17584/rcch.2022v16i2.14530
Karen Victoria Suárez-Parra, Cristian Santiago Castañeda-Serrano, F. Forero-Ulloa, P. Almanza-Merchán, Pablo-Cesar Serrano-Agudelo
Cadmium is a heavy metal that affects cell structures, such as walls and membranes, especially in the photosynthetic apparatus (PSII), chlorophylls, chloroplasts and stomata, producing losses in production quantity and quality. In addition, it is harmful to the health of humans and animals. The objective was to analyze the behavior of the relative chlorophyll index (SPAD units) and stomatal conductance in clone CCN-51 cacao plants every 45 days (45, 90, 135 and 180 days) after liming application. Four doses of a dolomite + agricultural gypsum mixture were applied, increasing Ca+2 saturation in the soil to 7, 8 and 9 cmolc kg-1. The control treatment did not have applications. The results indicated a reduction in SPAD units in the plants without liming, with high cadmium levels in the soil (3.3 mg kg-1), and there were no statistical differences in the other treatments, possibly because of edaphic factors such as pH, organic matter content and Al+3. The best stomatal conductance was observed with 7 cmolc kg-1 in the foliar gas exchange. Supersaturated liming applications efficiently reduce the losses in quality and quantity caused by the accumulation of cadmium in cacao plants.
{"title":"Liming applications and the SPAD chlorophyll index and stomatal conductance in cocoa exposed to cadmium in the soil","authors":"Karen Victoria Suárez-Parra, Cristian Santiago Castañeda-Serrano, F. Forero-Ulloa, P. Almanza-Merchán, Pablo-Cesar Serrano-Agudelo","doi":"10.17584/rcch.2022v16i2.14530","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17584/rcch.2022v16i2.14530","url":null,"abstract":"Cadmium is a heavy metal that affects cell structures, such as walls and membranes, especially in the photosynthetic apparatus (PSII), chlorophylls, chloroplasts and stomata, producing losses in production quantity and quality. In addition, it is harmful to the health of humans and animals. The objective was to analyze the behavior of the relative chlorophyll index (SPAD units) and stomatal conductance in clone CCN-51 cacao plants every 45 days (45, 90, 135 and 180 days) after liming application. Four doses of a dolomite + agricultural gypsum mixture were applied, increasing Ca+2 saturation in the soil to 7, 8 and 9 cmolc kg-1. The control treatment did not have applications. The results indicated a reduction in SPAD units in the plants without liming, with high cadmium levels in the soil (3.3 mg kg-1), and there were no statistical differences in the other treatments, possibly because of edaphic factors such as pH, organic matter content and Al+3. The best stomatal conductance was observed with 7 cmolc kg-1 in the foliar gas exchange. Supersaturated liming applications efficiently reduce the losses in quality and quantity caused by the accumulation of cadmium in cacao plants.","PeriodicalId":21384,"journal":{"name":"Revista Colombiana de Ciencias Hortícolas","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74042257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-01DOI: 10.17584/rcch.2022v16i2.13363
José Enrique Lopéz-Candelo, R. Viáfara-Vega, Heiber Cárdenas-Henao
This study was the first evaluation of the genetic diversity of cultivated populations of habanero pepper (Capsicum chinense) in Colombia using SSR-HRM. Three habanero pepper lines were characterized with eight microsatellite markers using the High-Resolution Melt (HRM) technique. Twenty-seven individuals from the HL-original line and 30 individuals each from derived lines HL-70 and HL67 were genotyped. Three microsatellites were monomorphic, and five were polymorphic; however, a high allelic diversity was detected in the homozygous state in the 87 individuals. The Ng8 marker differentiated the HL-original and HL-67 lines from the HL-70 line with HRM profiles. The analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) revelated that 52% of the genetic variation existed within lines. The HL-67 line was more similar to the HL-original line than to the HL-70 line. HL-70 recorded the highest genetic diversity for the derived lines and, therefore, could be used in a new breeding program. In contrast, the HL-67 line, because of its high genetic homogeneity, could potentially be used to evaluate different environmental conditions to find optimal conditions that increase productivity and pungency. Finally, comparing the HRM profiles with the monomorphic markers (Ng 33, Ng 18 and Ng 10) differentiated the C. chinense and C. frutescens species, which was difficult because of high morphologic similarity between these two species and is usually evaluated at the flowering stage, while HRM profiles can be done at any plant stage.
{"title":"SSR-HRM molecular characterization of the Colombian cultivated germplasm of Capsicum chinense Jacq. (Solanaceae)","authors":"José Enrique Lopéz-Candelo, R. Viáfara-Vega, Heiber Cárdenas-Henao","doi":"10.17584/rcch.2022v16i2.13363","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17584/rcch.2022v16i2.13363","url":null,"abstract":"This study was the first evaluation of the genetic diversity of cultivated populations of habanero pepper (Capsicum chinense) in Colombia using SSR-HRM. Three habanero pepper lines were characterized with eight microsatellite markers using the High-Resolution Melt (HRM) technique. Twenty-seven individuals from the HL-original line and 30 individuals each from derived lines HL-70 and HL67 were genotyped. Three microsatellites were monomorphic, and five were polymorphic; however, a high allelic diversity was detected in the homozygous state in the 87 individuals. The Ng8 marker differentiated the HL-original and HL-67 lines from the HL-70 line with HRM profiles. The analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) revelated that 52% of the genetic variation existed within lines. The HL-67 line was more similar to the HL-original line than to the HL-70 line. HL-70 recorded the highest genetic diversity for the derived lines and, therefore, could be used in a new breeding program. In contrast, the HL-67 line, because of its high genetic homogeneity, could potentially be used to evaluate different environmental conditions to find optimal conditions that increase productivity and pungency. Finally, comparing the HRM profiles with the monomorphic markers (Ng 33, Ng 18 and Ng 10) differentiated the C. chinense and C. frutescens species, which was difficult because of high morphologic similarity between these two species and is usually evaluated at the flowering stage, while HRM profiles can be done at any plant stage.","PeriodicalId":21384,"journal":{"name":"Revista Colombiana de Ciencias Hortícolas","volume":"7 1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86647364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-01DOI: 10.17584/rcch.2022v16i2.14339
Tatiana Tasquetto Fiorin, J. F. Menegaes, Andrielle Magrini Rodrigues, A. Swarowsky
Inflorescence brassicas, such as broccoli and cauliflower, rich in fiber and vitamins, are widely consumed in Brazil, and present an average production of 23 t ha-1. Despite this demand, the quality of seedlings of both species is one of the main factors that limit production. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate broccoli and cauliflower seedling emergence and production in different substrates, using the irrigation method named Deep Film Technique (DFT) on a table. The experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design, 7×2: substrate compositions (volumetric proportions of 1:0:0; 0:1:0; 0:0:1; 1:1:1; 1:1:0; 1:0:1 and 0:1:1, containing commercial substrate Carolina Soil®, carbonized rice husk and medium textured sand) and inflorescence brassicas (broccoli and cauliflower), with four replications. Each experimental unit consisted of 50 seeds/seedlings. At 21 days after sowing (DAS), it was evaluated the percentage, index, time, speed and frequency of emergence, and, at 35 DAS, clod stability, number of leaves and seedling length. It was observed that there was good seed germination and seedling formation for both species in all substrate compositions and with the aid of the DFT irrigation method on a table. Under these conditions, for both species, substrate compositions of 1:0:0; 1:1:1 and 1:1:0 are recommended.
{"title":"Broccoli and cauliflower seedling emergence and production in different substrates","authors":"Tatiana Tasquetto Fiorin, J. F. Menegaes, Andrielle Magrini Rodrigues, A. Swarowsky","doi":"10.17584/rcch.2022v16i2.14339","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17584/rcch.2022v16i2.14339","url":null,"abstract":"Inflorescence brassicas, such as broccoli and cauliflower, rich in fiber and vitamins, are widely consumed in Brazil, and present an average production of 23 t ha-1. Despite this demand, the quality of seedlings of both species is one of the main factors that limit production. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate broccoli and cauliflower seedling emergence and production in different substrates, using the irrigation method named Deep Film Technique (DFT) on a table. The experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design, 7×2: substrate compositions (volumetric proportions of 1:0:0; 0:1:0; 0:0:1; 1:1:1; 1:1:0; 1:0:1 and 0:1:1, containing commercial substrate Carolina Soil®, carbonized rice husk and medium textured sand) and inflorescence brassicas (broccoli and cauliflower), with four replications. Each experimental unit consisted of 50 seeds/seedlings. At 21 days after sowing (DAS), it was evaluated the percentage, index, time, speed and frequency of emergence, and, at 35 DAS, clod stability, number of leaves and seedling length. It was observed that there was good seed germination and seedling formation for both species in all substrate compositions and with the aid of the DFT irrigation method on a table. Under these conditions, for both species, substrate compositions of 1:0:0; 1:1:1 and 1:1:0 are recommended.","PeriodicalId":21384,"journal":{"name":"Revista Colombiana de Ciencias Hortícolas","volume":"206 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77511830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-01DOI: 10.17584/rcch.2022v16i2.13561
G. Roveda-Hoyos, Julián Felipe Venegas-Gómez, L. Moreno-Fonseca, Stanislav Magnitskiy, Margarita Ramírez-Gómez
In recent years, the global demand for blueberries has been growing because of its nutraceutical properties in the fruits, which provide important benefits to human health. Colombia, thanks to its diversity, has a great opportunity to meet the blueberry demands of the global markets. In the present study, the effect of two arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) of the genera Glomus and Acaulospora were evaluated on the growth of blueberry plants var. Biloxi, subjected to three levels of chemical fertilization (100, 50 and 0%), with the 100% level being optimal. The blueberry plants inoculated with Glomus under conditions of nutrient deficiency (50AMF1+) increased dry mass, height, number of basal branches, leaf area, root/shoot ratio, and chlorophyll concentration, which were significantly higher than in the plants without inoculation with nutrient deficiency (0AMF- and 50AMF-). The plants inoculated with Glomus achieved an increase in height, while the plants inoculated with Acaulospora increased the number of basal branches when grown under a nutrient deficiency (50AMF+1) in relation to the uninoculated controls (0AMF- and 50AMF-). The results suggested that the best association of blueberry occurs with Glomus, with increased plant growth and nutrition (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, and S).
{"title":"Effect of inoculation with Acaulospora and Glomus on the growth and nutrition of blueberries (Vaccinium corymbosum) with different fertilization levels","authors":"G. Roveda-Hoyos, Julián Felipe Venegas-Gómez, L. Moreno-Fonseca, Stanislav Magnitskiy, Margarita Ramírez-Gómez","doi":"10.17584/rcch.2022v16i2.13561","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17584/rcch.2022v16i2.13561","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, the global demand for blueberries has been growing because of its nutraceutical properties in the fruits, which provide important benefits to human health. Colombia, thanks to its diversity, has a great opportunity to meet the blueberry demands of the global markets. In the present study, the effect of two arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) of the genera Glomus and Acaulospora were evaluated on the growth of blueberry plants var. Biloxi, subjected to three levels of chemical fertilization (100, 50 and 0%), with the 100% level being optimal. The blueberry plants inoculated with Glomus under conditions of nutrient deficiency (50AMF1+) increased dry mass, height, number of basal branches, leaf area, root/shoot ratio, and chlorophyll concentration, which were significantly higher than in the plants without inoculation with nutrient deficiency (0AMF- and 50AMF-). The plants inoculated with Glomus achieved an increase in height, while the plants inoculated with Acaulospora increased the number of basal branches when grown under a nutrient deficiency (50AMF+1) in relation to the uninoculated controls (0AMF- and 50AMF-). The results suggested that the best association of blueberry occurs with Glomus, with increased plant growth and nutrition (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, and S).","PeriodicalId":21384,"journal":{"name":"Revista Colombiana de Ciencias Hortícolas","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87778167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.17584/rcch.2022v16i1.13398
Carlos Arturo Ramos-García, Luis Joel Martínez-Martínez, J. Bernal-Riobo
The relationship between reflectance and chlorophyll (Chl) and nitrogen (N) contents in maize leaves was analyzed to identify useful spectral indices for diagnosing the nutritional status of crops in terms of N. An experiment was carried out in random blocks with five treatments of nitrogen fertilizer (0, 50, 100, 150, 200 kg ha-1) and four repetitions and the foliar spectral responses were measured with a FieldSpec 4 spectroradiometer in three phenological stages. Several spectral indices and values of red edge position (REP) were calculated using various methods. Red-edge position linear interpolation (REP-L), Red-edge position linear extrapolation (REP-LE), REP-Inverted Gaussian fitting technique (REP-IG), REP-Polynomial fitting technique (REP-P) and NDVI had the best relationship with chlorophyll and nitrogen contents. The first derivative of reflectance, between 560 and 760 nm, transformed by the normal state variable (SNV) also had highly significant correlation coefficients with the N, Chl, and yield. Additionally, the corn yield showed highly significant correlations with the N and Chl contents. From the point of view of the diagnosis of the nutritional status of corn, the spectral indices and REP values were suitable for establishing the nutritional status of corn in relation to N in the phenological stages V8 and R1.
通过对玉米叶片反射率与叶绿素(Chl)和氮(N)含量的关系进行分析，以确定以氮为指标诊断作物营养状况的有用光谱指标。在4个重复试验中，随机选取5个氮肥处理(0、50、100、150、200 kg ha-1)，利用FieldSpec 4型光谱辐射仪在3个物候阶段测量叶片的光谱响应。利用各种方法计算了几种光谱指数和红边位置(REP)值。红边位置线性插值法(REP-L)、红边位置线性外推法(REP-LE)、rep -倒高斯拟合法(REP-IG)、rep -多项式拟合法(REP-P)和NDVI与叶绿素和氮含量的关系最好。在560 ~ 760 nm范围内，由正态变量(SNV)变换的反射率一阶导数也与氮、Chl和产率呈极显著相关。玉米产量与氮、氯含量呈极显著相关。从诊断玉米营养状况的角度来看，光谱指标和REP值适合于确定玉米在物候期V8和R1与N有关的营养状况。
{"title":"Estimating chlorophyll and nitrogen contents in maize leaves (Zea mays L.) with spectroscopic analysis","authors":"Carlos Arturo Ramos-García, Luis Joel Martínez-Martínez, J. Bernal-Riobo","doi":"10.17584/rcch.2022v16i1.13398","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17584/rcch.2022v16i1.13398","url":null,"abstract":"The relationship between reflectance and chlorophyll (Chl) and nitrogen (N) contents in maize leaves was analyzed to identify useful spectral indices for diagnosing the nutritional status of crops in terms of N. An experiment was carried out in random blocks with five treatments of nitrogen fertilizer (0, 50, 100, 150, 200 kg ha-1) and four repetitions and the foliar spectral responses were measured with a FieldSpec 4 spectroradiometer in three phenological stages. Several spectral indices and values of red edge position (REP) were calculated using various methods. Red-edge position linear interpolation (REP-L), Red-edge position linear extrapolation (REP-LE), REP-Inverted Gaussian fitting technique (REP-IG), REP-Polynomial fitting technique (REP-P) and NDVI had the best relationship with chlorophyll and nitrogen contents. The first derivative of reflectance, between 560 and 760 nm, transformed by the normal state variable (SNV) also had highly significant correlation coefficients with the N, Chl, and yield. Additionally, the corn yield showed highly significant correlations with the N and Chl contents. From the point of view of the diagnosis of the nutritional status of corn, the spectral indices and REP values were suitable for establishing the nutritional status of corn in relation to N in the phenological stages V8 and R1.","PeriodicalId":21384,"journal":{"name":"Revista Colombiana de Ciencias Hortícolas","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75535362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bacteria associated with plant roots can generate different responses on the growth and development of plants which affect yield. For this reason, a test was conducted and aimed at evaluating the effects of plant growth promoting bacteria’s inoculation on the yield of the Amarilla Maranganí quinoa cultivar, using bacterial strains such as Bacillus macerans, Bacillus laterosporus, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus cereus, Actinobacillus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Consortia (a combination of the characterized bacteria), and DIPEL (Bacillus thuringensis var. Kurstaki). The study included the evaluation of the length of the plants and panicles as well as the number of inflorescences and seed production using a completely randomized experimental design. The results showed that the microorganisms had a large impact on plant growth. Actinobacillus increased the number of panicles while P. aeruginosa improved grain production. These results allowed us to confirm that the use of microorganisms favors the growth parameters of quinoa and allowed us to recognize the biological potential of growth promoting bacteria in this crop under conditions of poor water and nutrient availability.
{"title":"Effect of plant growth promoting bacteria on the phenology of the Amarilla maranganí quinoa cultivar","authors":"Jeimmi Liliana Amado-Rodríguez, Narda Paola Humeje-Pan, Jorge Orlando Blanco-Valvuena, Nidia Yaneth Torres-Merchán, M. García-Parra","doi":"10.17584/rcch.2022v16i1.13440","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17584/rcch.2022v16i1.13440","url":null,"abstract":"Bacteria associated with plant roots can generate different responses on the growth and development of plants which affect yield. For this reason, a test was conducted and aimed at evaluating the effects of plant growth promoting bacteria’s inoculation on the yield of the Amarilla Maranganí quinoa cultivar, using bacterial strains such as Bacillus macerans, Bacillus laterosporus, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus cereus, Actinobacillus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Consortia (a combination of the characterized bacteria), and DIPEL (Bacillus thuringensis var. Kurstaki). The study included the evaluation of the length of the plants and panicles as well as the number of inflorescences and seed production using a completely randomized experimental design. The results showed that the microorganisms had a large impact on plant growth. Actinobacillus increased the number of panicles while P. aeruginosa improved grain production. These results allowed us to confirm that the use of microorganisms favors the growth parameters of quinoa and allowed us to recognize the biological potential of growth promoting bacteria in this crop under conditions of poor water and nutrient availability.","PeriodicalId":21384,"journal":{"name":"Revista Colombiana de Ciencias Hortícolas","volume":"285 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76864364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.17584/rcch.2022v16i1.13584
Fátima Rosangela de Souza Saraiva, R. D. Melo, P. H. Cerutti, J. Coimbra, D. P. Alves, A. F. Guidolin
The growing demand for low-pungency cultivars onion has opened new market niches. The objective of this study was to characterize heterotic onion groups to develop low-pungency hybrid cultivars. A field experiment with a randomized block design and two factors (genotype and fertilization) arranged in split plots was carried out in Ituporanga-SC (Brazil), in 2019. The plots corresponded to two fertilization levels (with and without sulfur), and the subplots corresponded to 26 onion genotypes, where the germplasm was derived from different (male-sterile-LA and maintainer-LB) lines, advanced populations and cultivars. The bulbs were evaluated for the following traits: pyruvic acid (indicator of pungency), sulfur content and bulb yield. The genotype performance differed according to the fertilization level. In the sulfur-free treatments, four heterotic groups were identified. The genetic variation in the crosses LA11 × LB24 and LA15 × LB19 could be exploited for negative selection for pungency and positive selection for bulb yield.
{"title":"Heterotic groups of onions (Allium cepa L.) for the development of low-pungency hybrids","authors":"Fátima Rosangela de Souza Saraiva, R. D. Melo, P. H. Cerutti, J. Coimbra, D. P. Alves, A. F. Guidolin","doi":"10.17584/rcch.2022v16i1.13584","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17584/rcch.2022v16i1.13584","url":null,"abstract":"The growing demand for low-pungency cultivars onion has opened new market niches. The objective of this study was to characterize heterotic onion groups to develop low-pungency hybrid cultivars. A field experiment with a randomized block design and two factors (genotype and fertilization) arranged in split plots was carried out in Ituporanga-SC (Brazil), in 2019. The plots corresponded to two fertilization levels (with and without sulfur), and the subplots corresponded to 26 onion genotypes, where the germplasm was derived from different (male-sterile-LA and maintainer-LB) lines, advanced populations and cultivars. The bulbs were evaluated for the following traits: pyruvic acid (indicator of pungency), sulfur content and bulb yield. The genotype performance differed according to the fertilization level. In the sulfur-free treatments, four heterotic groups were identified. The genetic variation in the crosses LA11 × LB24 and LA15 × LB19 could be exploited for negative selection for pungency and positive selection for bulb yield.","PeriodicalId":21384,"journal":{"name":"Revista Colombiana de Ciencias Hortícolas","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79753595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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