Music and language have been believed to be processed similarly in the brain. Studies have compared the processing of vowels and music, as they share spectral and temporal features such as pitch and timing. When comparing music and language skills the question arises whether music skills are inherent, measured with aptitude, or acquired, measured with experience. This article focused on musical aptitude studies. It was found that musical aptitude predicted non-native speech-sound processing better than musical experience. It is proposed that music and language skills are interconnected as greater overlaps in neural processing of music and speech were found for musicians than nonmusicians, and as individuals with no musical experience but with high L2 production skills were found to have high musical aptitude. Furthermore, spectral sensitivity was found to be the primary partial mediator of the link between musicality and non-native speech-sound processing, with temporal sensitivity having no role.
{"title":"Musical Aptitude and the Acquisition of Pitch and Duration in L2 Vowels","authors":"R. Lund","doi":"10.7146/lev92023136283","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7146/lev92023136283","url":null,"abstract":"Music and language have been believed to be processed similarly in the brain. Studies have compared the processing of vowels and music, as they share spectral and temporal features such as pitch and timing. When comparing music and language skills the question arises whether music skills are inherent, measured with aptitude, or acquired, measured with experience. This article focused on musical aptitude studies. It was found that musical aptitude predicted non-native speech-sound processing better than musical experience. It is proposed that music and language skills are interconnected as greater overlaps in neural processing of music and speech were found for musicians than nonmusicians, and as individuals with no musical experience but with high L2 production skills were found to have high musical aptitude. Furthermore, spectral sensitivity was found to be the primary partial mediator of the link between musicality and non-native speech-sound processing, with temporal sensitivity having no role.","PeriodicalId":213915,"journal":{"name":"Leviathan: Interdisciplinary Journal in English","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116980538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Both English and Danish are Germanic languages which are said to require pied-piping of possessive phrases when they are moved, for example in questions like Whose computer do you think this is? If pied-piping is not required in such movements, an alternative way of asking the same question could be Who do you think’s computer this is? (or perhaps, for Danish readers, Hvem er dets computer? [Who is it’s computer?] might be acceptable), where the possessor who/hvem has been extracted from the possessive phrase whose computer/hvis computer, leaving the rest of the possessive DP material -’s/-s computer behind. This type of movement is called possessor extraction (PE), and Davis (2021) provides evidence for the possibility of it in colloquial English for some speakers. This article is a pilot study of Danish PE, suggesting initial generalizations and comparing these to Davis’s (2021) generalizations about English PE.
英语和丹麦语都是日耳曼语，当它们移动时，据说需要使用所有格短语，例如在“Whose computer do you think this is?”如果在这些动作中不需要管状管道，另一种问同样问题的方式可以是:你认为这是谁的电脑?(或者，对丹麦读者来说，也许是:“我有过电脑吗?”)这是谁的电脑?]可能是可以接受的)，这里的所有格who/hvem是从所有格短语whose computer/hvis computer中提取出来的，剩下的所有格DP材料- ' s/-s computer留在后面。这种类型的移动被称为所有者提取(PE)，戴维斯(2021)为一些说话者在口语英语中提供了这种可能性的证据。本文是对丹麦体育的初步研究，提出了初步的概括，并将其与戴维斯(2021)对英国体育的概括进行了比较。
{"title":"Possessor Extraction in English and Danish","authors":"M. Dahl","doi":"10.7146/lev92023136542","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7146/lev92023136542","url":null,"abstract":"Both English and Danish are Germanic languages which are said to require pied-piping of possessive phrases when they are moved, for example in questions like Whose computer do you think this is? If pied-piping is not required in such movements, an alternative way of asking the same question could be Who do you think’s computer this is? (or perhaps, for Danish readers, Hvem er dets computer? [Who is it’s computer?] might be acceptable), where the possessor who/hvem has been extracted from the possessive phrase whose computer/hvis computer, leaving the rest of the possessive DP material -’s/-s computer behind. This type of movement is called possessor extraction (PE), and Davis (2021) provides evidence for the possibility of it in colloquial English for some speakers. This article is a pilot study of Danish PE, suggesting initial generalizations and comparing these to Davis’s (2021) generalizations about English PE.","PeriodicalId":213915,"journal":{"name":"Leviathan: Interdisciplinary Journal in English","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126415083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Anders Jensen, Sara Lorensen, Ciara Lucid, Cecilie Rold
The South Korean TV-show Squid Game (2021) recently became a major cultural phenomenon. In this video essay, we argue that it has been especially impactful because it draws heavily on colorful video game aesthetics and contrasts them with a bleak, hypercapitalistic South Korean reality. In that way, the show is a metaphor for modern-day escapism.
{"title":"Video Game Aesthetics in Squid Game","authors":"Anders Jensen, Sara Lorensen, Ciara Lucid, Cecilie Rold","doi":"10.7146/lev92023136540","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7146/lev92023136540","url":null,"abstract":"The South Korean TV-show Squid Game (2021) recently became a major cultural phenomenon. In this video essay, we argue that it has been especially impactful because it draws heavily on colorful video game aesthetics and contrasts them with a bleak, hypercapitalistic South Korean reality. In that way, the show is a metaphor for modern-day escapism.","PeriodicalId":213915,"journal":{"name":"Leviathan: Interdisciplinary Journal in English","volume":"69 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114288694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study aims to answer the question "does grammatical gender have any impact or influence on thought or cognition?" by comparing results from a conducted experiment with English- and Spanish-speaking segments. The question is tied to the theory of linguistic relativity that explores the possibility of language influencing thought.
{"title":"Grammatical Gender and Cognition","authors":"Otis Lilley","doi":"10.7146/lev92023136543","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7146/lev92023136543","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to answer the question \"does grammatical gender have any impact or influence on thought or cognition?\" by comparing results from a conducted experiment with English- and Spanish-speaking segments. The question is tied to the theory of linguistic relativity that explores the possibility of language influencing thought.","PeriodicalId":213915,"journal":{"name":"Leviathan: Interdisciplinary Journal in English","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114089266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Vocal fry is a voice quality that can be found in different varieties of English and is used by many different speakers. Nonetheless, it is considered an emerging female voice quality that impairs their work opportunities. The study of the perception of vocal fry has gained attention in the last few years. However, there is a lack of literature reviews comparing the speech evaluations done for vocal fry. In this article eight papers were compared and evaluated. This article not only demonstrated how important the choice of voice sample, evaluator and methodology is to the outcome of the findings but also references possible consequence the choice of an artificial vocal fry and free speech had on the perception of vocal fry in American English.
{"title":"Creaky Voice in American English: How Are American Women Who Use Creaky Voice Perceived?","authors":"Pernille Meier","doi":"10.7146/lev92023136544","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7146/lev92023136544","url":null,"abstract":"Vocal fry is a voice quality that can be found in different varieties of English and is used by many different speakers. Nonetheless, it is considered an emerging female voice quality that impairs their work opportunities. The study of the perception of vocal fry has gained attention in the last few years. However, there is a lack of literature reviews comparing the speech evaluations done for vocal fry. In this article eight papers were compared and evaluated. This article not only demonstrated how important the choice of voice sample, evaluator and methodology is to the outcome of the findings but also references possible consequence the choice of an artificial vocal fry and free speech had on the perception of vocal fry in American English.","PeriodicalId":213915,"journal":{"name":"Leviathan: Interdisciplinary Journal in English","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124652421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Arguably, the biggest challenge of the 21st century is human-induced climate change. This article proposes the cultural memory of the Anthropocene as the dominant reason for our inadequate climate mitigation, whilst simultaneously arguing for the process of hoping-mourning as a possible solution. As such, this article analyzes the Anthropocene as a cultural memory, arguing for a restructuring of its milieu de mémoire to include other-than-human entities. The article finds that the hyper-separational framework of the Anthropocene limits our conceptual space on several spatiotemporal dimensions, limiting, and simplifying, our perception of time and space, excluding other-than-human entities. Furthermore, it is found that by sustaining corporeal vulnerability, mourning, and mourning rituals broaden the cultural domain, permitting other-than-human entities into our milieu de mémoire, which, through its transformative capabilities, offer new and much needed ways of imagining different futures and thus, essentially, different strategies of mitigation and adaptation.
{"title":"The Death of Clark Glacier","authors":"Anna Buhl","doi":"10.7146/lev92023136281","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7146/lev92023136281","url":null,"abstract":"Arguably, the biggest challenge of the 21st century is human-induced climate change. This article proposes the cultural memory of the Anthropocene as the dominant reason for our inadequate climate mitigation, whilst simultaneously arguing for the process of hoping-mourning as a possible solution. As such, this article analyzes the Anthropocene as a cultural memory, arguing for a restructuring of its milieu de mémoire to include other-than-human entities. The article finds that the hyper-separational framework of the Anthropocene limits our conceptual space on several spatiotemporal dimensions, limiting, and simplifying, our perception of time and space, excluding other-than-human entities. Furthermore, it is found that by sustaining corporeal vulnerability, mourning, and mourning rituals broaden the cultural domain, permitting other-than-human entities into our milieu de mémoire, which, through its transformative capabilities, offer new and much needed ways of imagining different futures and thus, essentially, different strategies of mitigation and adaptation.","PeriodicalId":213915,"journal":{"name":"Leviathan: Interdisciplinary Journal in English","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129975379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. Jørgensen, J. Kjeldbjerg, Sofie Krogh, Sofie Larsen, Amalie Pinnerup
How does one best portray the consequences of dementia? Dementia is a type of mental deterioration, where a person gets lost in their own mind, slowly losing grasp of time and space. In his award-winning film The Father (2020), director Florian Zeller explores this theme through his 80-year-old protagonist Anthony. With the intention of positioning the viewer in the shoes of the deeply invalidated protagonist, Zeller intentionally confuses the viewer through narrational repetition and gradually shifting settings and characters, constantly making the viewer question the progression and cohesion of the story. This video essay focuses on cinematic unreliability, analysing the film’s mise-en-scène, nonlinear plot and film techniques such as shot-size, lighting, and sound.
{"title":"Cinematic Unreliability in The Father","authors":"E. Jørgensen, J. Kjeldbjerg, Sofie Krogh, Sofie Larsen, Amalie Pinnerup","doi":"10.7146/lev92023136284","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7146/lev92023136284","url":null,"abstract":"How does one best portray the consequences of dementia? Dementia is a type of mental deterioration, where a person gets lost in their own mind, slowly losing grasp of time and space. In his award-winning film The Father (2020), director Florian Zeller explores this theme through his 80-year-old protagonist Anthony. With the intention of positioning the viewer in the shoes of the deeply invalidated protagonist, Zeller intentionally confuses the viewer through narrational repetition and gradually shifting settings and characters, constantly making the viewer question the progression and cohesion of the story. This video essay focuses on cinematic unreliability, analysing the film’s mise-en-scène, nonlinear plot and film techniques such as shot-size, lighting, and sound.","PeriodicalId":213915,"journal":{"name":"Leviathan: Interdisciplinary Journal in English","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121965785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
During the 1820s a volatile political landscape emerged in the United States, which threatened the established balance of power between the branches of the federal government. This political and constitutional unrest was exemplified in the debate regarding the Indian Removal Act (1830) and two court cases concerning the removal of the Cherokee Nation from the State of Georgia. Although the court cases were about the sovereignty of the Cherokee Nation and Georgia’s jurisdiction, they revealed fundamental questions about the rights of the federal government and the individual states, and also the right of the individual branches of government. The Supreme Court’s powers were challenged by President Andrew Jackson and the Congress, but in the court rulings the Supreme Court asserted Cherokee sovereignty and its own authority as the ultimate interpreter of the Constitution by rejecting the President and Congress’ attempt to limit the Supreme Court’s power.
{"title":"The Cherokees and the Constitution","authors":"Rebecca W. B. Lund","doi":"10.7146/lev92023136282","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7146/lev92023136282","url":null,"abstract":"During the 1820s a volatile political landscape emerged in the United States, which threatened the established balance of power between the branches of the federal government. This political and constitutional unrest was exemplified in the debate regarding the Indian Removal Act (1830) and two court cases concerning the removal of the Cherokee Nation from the State of Georgia. Although the court cases were about the sovereignty of the Cherokee Nation and Georgia’s jurisdiction, they revealed fundamental questions about the rights of the federal government and the individual states, and also the right of the individual branches of government. The Supreme Court’s powers were challenged by President Andrew Jackson and the Congress, but in the court rulings the Supreme Court asserted Cherokee sovereignty and its own authority as the ultimate interpreter of the Constitution by rejecting the President and Congress’ attempt to limit the Supreme Court’s power.","PeriodicalId":213915,"journal":{"name":"Leviathan: Interdisciplinary Journal in English","volume":"26 12","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114033436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Obscure academic writing is vague, ambiguous, jargon-filled, or otherwise difficult to interpret. Obscurantists use such writing to hide the shallowness or incoherence of their ideas. There is value in being able to see through their attempts so that one does not waste one’s time on, for example, the psychoanalytic verbiage of Jacques Lacan. Therefore, this article identifies five recognizable characteristics of obscure—and especially of obscurantist—academic writing. Specifically, obscurantists tend to (1) fail to distinguish between truistic and radical versions of their claims, (2) employ paradoxical formulations, (3) avoid giving examples of their ideas (4), overuse abstract nouns, and (5) insist on their own lucidity. The article concludes by suggesting that the deepest problem with obscure academic writing is that it insulates arguments and theories from criticism.
{"title":"Obscurantism in Academic Writing","authors":"Jens Kjeldgaard‐Christiansen","doi":"10.7146/lev92023136279","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7146/lev92023136279","url":null,"abstract":"Obscure academic writing is vague, ambiguous, jargon-filled, or otherwise difficult to interpret. Obscurantists use such writing to hide the shallowness or incoherence of their ideas. There is value in being able to see through their attempts so that one does not waste one’s time on, for example, the psychoanalytic verbiage of Jacques Lacan. Therefore, this article identifies five recognizable characteristics of obscure—and especially of obscurantist—academic writing. Specifically, obscurantists tend to (1) fail to distinguish between truistic and radical versions of their claims, (2) employ paradoxical formulations, (3) avoid giving examples of their ideas (4), overuse abstract nouns, and (5) insist on their own lucidity. The article concludes by suggesting that the deepest problem with obscure academic writing is that it insulates arguments and theories from criticism.","PeriodicalId":213915,"journal":{"name":"Leviathan: Interdisciplinary Journal in English","volume":"87 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130849762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the first half of the nineteenth century, before Charles Darwin had made even a ripple in Western philosophy, one question seemed to be clattering its way through the minds of many: where is the human place in the natural world? If we were to imagine this role as a walking path laid down by nature long ago, then the humans (or human-representatives) in Percy Bysshe Shelley’s ‘A Vindication of Natural Diet’ and Desmond Stuart’s ‘The Limits of Trooghaft’ have long since strayed from the road. Shelley reveres vegetarianism as a return to a natural diet with the power to resolve this philosophical question, which is a self-indulgent form of vegetarianism that Stewart has no problem mimicking with mocking intent. Drawing upon the irony and anthropocentricism of his genres, Stewart presents an inwardly focused vegetarianism that only succeeds at leading humans as far from nature’s path as alien invaders.
{"title":"Making Aliens of Us","authors":"Elaine Metcalfe","doi":"10.7146/lev82022132070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7146/lev82022132070","url":null,"abstract":"In the first half of the nineteenth century, before Charles Darwin had made even a ripple in Western philosophy, one question seemed to be clattering its way through the minds of many: where is the human place in the natural world? If we were to imagine this role as a walking path laid down by nature long ago, then the humans (or human-representatives) in Percy Bysshe Shelley’s ‘A Vindication of Natural Diet’ and Desmond Stuart’s ‘The Limits of Trooghaft’ have long since strayed from the road. Shelley reveres vegetarianism as a return to a natural diet with the power to resolve this philosophical question, which is a self-indulgent form of vegetarianism that Stewart has no problem mimicking with mocking intent. Drawing upon the irony and anthropocentricism of his genres, Stewart presents an inwardly focused vegetarianism that only succeeds at leading humans as far from nature’s path as alien invaders.","PeriodicalId":213915,"journal":{"name":"Leviathan: Interdisciplinary Journal in English","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130675777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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