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A Synthetic Microbiome Based on Dominant Microbes in Wild Rice Rhizosphere to Promote Sulfur Utilization 基于野生稻根瘤菌群的合成微生物群促进硫的利用
IF 5.5 1区 农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY Pub Date : 2024-03-01 DOI: 10.1186/s12284-024-00695-y
Changji Wang, Jingjing Chang, Lei Tian, Yu Sun, Enze Wang, Zongmu Yao, Libo Ye, Hengfei Zhang, Yingnan Pang, Chunjie Tian

Sulfur (S) is one of the main components of important biomolecules, which has been paid more attention in the anaerobic environment of rice cultivation. In this study, 12 accessions of rice materials, belonging to two Asian rice domestication systems and one African rice domestication system, were used by shotgun metagenomics sequencing to compare the structure and function involved in S cycle of rhizosphere microbiome between wild and cultivated rice. The sulfur cycle functional genes abundances were significantly different between wild and cultivated rice rhizosphere in the processes of sulfate reduction and other sulfur compounds conversion, implicating that wild rice had a stronger mutually-beneficial relationship with rhizosphere microbiome, enhancing sulfur utilization. To assess the effects of sulfate reduction synthetic microbiomes, Comamonadaceae and Rhodospirillaceae, two families containing the genes of two key steps in the dissimilatory sulfate reduction, aprA and dsrA respectively, were isolated from wild rice rhizosphere. Compared with the control group, the dissimilatory sulfate reduction in cultivated rice rhizosphere was significantly improved in the inoculated with different proportions groups. It confirmed that the synthetic microbiome can promote the S-cycling in rice, and suggested that may be feasible to construct the synthetic microbiome step by step based on functional genes to achieve the target functional pathway. In summary, this study reveals the response of rice rhizosphere microbial community structure and function to domestication, and provides a new idea for the construction of synthetic microbiome.

硫(S)是重要生物大分子的主要成分之一,在水稻栽培的厌氧环境中更受关注。本研究利用霰弹枪元基因组测序技术,比较了野生水稻和栽培水稻根瘤微生物组中参与硫循环的结构和功能。结果表明,野生水稻与栽培水稻根瘤菌群在硫酸盐还原和其他硫化合物转化过程中的硫循环功能基因丰度存在显著差异,表明野生水稻与根瘤菌群的互利关系更强,能提高硫的利用率。为了评估硫酸盐还原合成微生物组的影响,研究人员从野生水稻根瘤菌中分离出 Comamonadaceae 和 Rhodospirillaceae,这两个科分别含有硫酸盐异氨还原过程中两个关键步骤的基因 aprA 和 dsrA。与对照组相比,接种不同比例组的水稻根瘤菌对栽培水稻根瘤菌的硫酸盐还原性有显著提高。该研究证实了合成微生物组能促进水稻的S循环,并提出了基于功能基因逐步构建合成微生物组以实现目标功能途径的可行性。综上所述,本研究揭示了水稻根瘤菌群落结构和功能对驯化的响应,为构建合成微生物组提供了新思路。
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引用次数: 0
Assessing the Genetic Diversity of Parents for Developing Hybrids Through Morphological and Molecular Markers in Rice (Oryza sativa L.). 通过水稻(Oryza sativa L.)的形态学和分子标记评估用于培育杂交种的亲本遗传多样性。
IF 5.5 1区 农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY Pub Date : 2024-02-24 DOI: 10.1186/s12284-024-00691-2
Rakkimuthu Nivedha, Swaminathan Manonmani, Thiyagarajan Kalaimagal, Muthurajan Raveendran, Shanmugam Kavitha

The advancement of hybrid technology plays a crucial role in addressing yield plateau and diminishing resources in rice cultivating regions. The knowledge of genetic diversity among parental lines is a prerequisite for effective hybrid breeding program. In the current study, a set of 66 parental lines was studied for diversity based on both morphological characters and microsatellite SSR markers. The genetic variability parameters unveiled that number of productive tillers per plant, single plant yield and hundred grain weight exhibited additive gene action. Mahalanobis D2 statistics grouped the genotypes into ten clusters based on yield and grain traits. The principal component analysis identified four PCs with eigen value more than one accounting for 71.28% of cumulative variance. The polymorphic SSR markers produced 122 alleles among which the marker RM474 recorded the highest values for Polymorphic Information Content (0.83) and heterozygosity index (0.85). The genotypes were assembled in seven clusters based on jaccard distances using the Unweighted Pair Group method with Arithmetic Mean (UPGMA). The population structure divided the entire population into 3 subpopulations. In both clustering, there was difference in the assembling of genotypes, but, good performing genotypes identified through PCA were positioned in different clusters in both approaches. The genotypes CBSN 495 and CBSN 494 located in different clusters were identified as the potential restorers for high yielding and short duration hybrids. The hybridization among CRR Dhan 310, CRR Dhan 315, IR64 DRT, CB 17135 and WGL 347 can be performed to develop climate smart varieties with improved nutrition.

杂交技术的进步在解决水稻种植区产量高原化和资源减少的问题上发挥着至关重要的作用。了解亲本间的遗传多样性是有效开展杂交育种计划的先决条件。本研究根据形态特征和微卫星 SSR 标记对 66 个亲本品系的多样性进行了研究。遗传变异参数揭示了单株高产分蘖数、单株产量和百粒重具有加性基因作用。Mahalanobis D2 统计根据产量和谷粒性状将基因型分为 10 个聚类。主成分分析确定了 4 个特征值大于 1 的 PC,占累积方差的 71.28%。多态 SSR 标记产生了 122 个等位基因,其中标记 RM474 的多态信息含量(0.83)和杂合指数(0.85)值最高。利用算术平均非加权配对组法(UPGMA),根据 jaccard 距离将基因型分成 7 个聚类。种群结构将整个种群分为 3 个亚群。在这两种聚类方法中,基因型的组合存在差异,但是,通过 PCA 确定的表现良好的基因型在这两种方法中被定位在不同的聚类中。位于不同聚类中的基因型 CBSN 495 和 CBSN 494 被确定为高产短效杂交种的潜在恢复系。CRR Dhan 310、CRR Dhan 315、IR64 DRT、CB 17135 和 WGL 347 之间的杂交可培育出营养更佳的气候智能型品种。
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引用次数: 0
Heat Stress Responsive Aux/IAA Protein, OsIAA29 Regulates Grain Filling Through OsARF17 Mediated Auxin Signaling Pathway. 热胁迫响应性 Aux/IAA 蛋白 OsIAA29 通过 OsARF17 介导的叶绿素信号途径调节谷粒充实。
IF 5.5 1区 农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY Pub Date : 2024-02-19 DOI: 10.1186/s12284-024-00694-z
Zhanghao Chen, Wei Zhou, Xianyu Guo, Sheng Ling, Wang Li, Xin Wang, Jialing Yao

High temperature during grain filling considerably reduces yield and quality in rice, but its molecular mechanisms are not fully understood. We investigated the functions of a seed preferentially expressed Aux/IAA gene, OsIAA29, under high temperature-stress in grain filling using CRISPR/Cas9, RNAi, and overexpression. We observed that the osiaa29 had a higher percentage of shrunken and chalkiness seed, as well as lower 1000-grain weight than ZH11 under high temperature. Meanwhile, the expression of OsIAA29 was induced and the IAA content was remarkably reduced in the ZH11 seeds under high temperature. In addition, OsIAA29 may enhance the transcriptional activation activity of OsARF17 through competition with OsIAA21 binding to OsARF17. Finally, chromatin immunoprecipitation quantitative real-time PCR (ChIP-qPCR) results proved that OsARF17 regulated expression of several starch and protein synthesis related genes (like OsPDIL1-1, OsSS1, OsNAC20, OsSBE1, and OsC2H2). Therefore, OsIAA29 regulates seed development in high temperature through competition with OsIAA21 in the binding to OsARF17, mediating auxin signaling pathway in rice. This study provides a theoretical basis and gene resources for auxin signaling and effective molecular design breeding.

谷粒灌浆期的高温会大大降低水稻的产量和品质,但其分子机制尚未完全清楚。我们利用 CRISPR/Cas9、RNAi 和过表达等方法研究了高温胁迫下种子优先表达的 Aux/IAA 基因 OsIAA29 在谷粒灌浆期的功能。我们观察到,在高温条件下,Osiaa29比ZH11有更高比例的种子萎缩和白垩化,以及更低的千粒重。同时,高温诱导 OsIAA29 的表达,ZH11 种子中的 IAA 含量明显降低。此外,OsIAA29可能通过竞争OsIAA21与OsARF17的结合来增强OsARF17的转录激活活性。最后,染色质免疫沉淀实时定量 PCR(ChIP-qPCR)结果证明,OsARF17 可调控多个淀粉和蛋白质合成相关基因(如 OsPDIL1-1、OsSS1、OsNAC20、OsSBE1 和 OsC2H2)的表达。因此,OsIAA29 通过与 OsIAA21 竞争结合 OsARF17 来调控高温下的种子发育,从而介导水稻的辅助素信号通路。该研究为辅助素信号转导和有效的分子设计育种提供了理论依据和基因资源。
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引用次数: 0
OsNAC103, a NAC Transcription Factor, Positively Regulates Leaf Senescence and Plant Architecture in Rice. 一种 NAC 转录因子 OsNAC103 能积极调控水稻的叶片衰老和植株结构。
IF 5.5 1区 农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY Pub Date : 2024-02-15 DOI: 10.1186/s12284-024-00690-3
Lina Sun, Hanqin Xu, Juan Song, Xiaoying Yang, XinYi Wang, Haiyan Liu, Mengzhen Pang, Youchuan Hu, Qi Yang, Xiaotong Ning, Shanshan Liang, Siju Zhang, Weijiang Luan

Leaf senescence, the last stage of leaf development, is essential for crop yield by promoting nutrition relocation from senescence leaves to new leaves and seeds. NAC (NAM/ATAF1/ATAF2/CUC2) proteins, one of the plant-specific transcription factors, widely distribute in plants and play important roles in plant growth and development. Here, we identified a new NAC member OsNAC103 and found that it plays critical roles in leaf senescence and plant architecture in rice. OsNAC103 mRNA levels were dramatically induced by leaf senescence as well as different phytohormones such as ABA, MeJA and ACC and abiotic stresses including dark, drought and high salinity. OsNAC103 acts as a transcription factor with nuclear localization signals at the N terminal and a transcriptional activation signal at the C terminal. Overexpression of OsNAC103 promoted leaf senescence while osnac103 mutants delayed leaf senescence under natural condition and dark-induced condition, meanwhile, senescence-associated genes (SAGs) were up-regulated in OsNAC103 overexpression (OsNAC103-OE) lines, indicating that OsNAC103 positively regulates leaf senescence in rice. Moreover, OsNAC103-OE lines exhibited loose plant architecture with larger tiller angles while tiller angles of osnac103 mutants decreased during the vegetative and reproductive growth stages due to the response of shoot gravitropism, suggesting that OsNAC103 can regulate the plant architecture in rice. Taken together, our results reveal that OsNAC103 plays crucial roles in the regulation of leaf senescence and plant architecture in rice.

叶片衰老是叶片发育的最后阶段,通过促进营养从衰老叶片转移到新叶和种子,对作物产量至关重要。NAC(NAM/ATF1/ATF2/CUC2)蛋白是植物特异性转录因子之一,广泛分布于植物体内,在植物生长发育中发挥着重要作用。在此,我们发现了一个新的 NAC 成员 OsNAC103,并发现它在水稻叶片衰老和植物结构中起着关键作用。叶片衰老以及不同的植物激素(如 ABA、MeJA 和 ACC)和非生物胁迫(包括黑暗、干旱和高盐度)都会显著诱导 OsNAC103 的 mRNA 水平。OsNAC103 是一种转录因子,其 N 端有核定位信号,C 端有转录激活信号。在自然条件和黑暗诱导条件下,OsNAC103过表达促进叶片衰老,而osnac103突变体延迟叶片衰老,同时,衰老相关基因(SAGs)在OsNAC103过表达(OsNAC103-OE)株系中上调,表明OsNAC103对水稻叶片衰老有正向调控作用。此外,OsNAC103-OE 株系表现出疏松的植株结构,分蘖角度较大,而osnac103 突变体的分蘖角度在无性和生殖生长阶段由于芽的引力反应而减小,表明 OsNAC103 可调控水稻的植株结构。综上所述,我们的研究结果表明,OsNAC103在水稻叶片衰老和植株结构调控中发挥着重要作用。
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引用次数: 0
Impact of Time and Enzyme Concentration on Sangyod Rice Bran Hydrolysate: Phytochemicals, Antioxidants, Amino Acids, and Cytotoxicity. 时间和酶浓度对桑戈德米糠水解物的影响:植物化学物质、抗氧化剂、氨基酸和细胞毒性。
IF 5.5 1区 农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY Pub Date : 2024-02-13 DOI: 10.1186/s12284-024-00692-1
Chakkapat Aenglong, Wanwipha Woonnoi, Supita Tanasawet, Wanwimol Klaypradit, Wanida Sukketsiri

This study investigated the production of Sangyod rice bran hydrolysate (SYRB) from Sangyod rice, focusing on incubation times (1, 3, and 5 h) and alcalase enzyme concentrations (0, 0.7, and 1% v/v). The results demonstrated a concentration-dependent relationship: higher alcalase concentrations increased hydrolysate yield. Prolonged incubation, especially with alcalase, enhanced substrate breakdown, further increasing hydrolysate production. The degree of hydrolysis, reflecting peptide bond cleavage, depended on both incubation time and enzyme concentration, emphasizing the role of enzyme activity in efficiency. Moreover, color analysis (L*, a*, b*) and color difference (∆E) revealed intricate changes from enzymatic hydrolysis. Proximate composition analysis showed higher protein and lipid content with increased enzyme concentration and longer incubation times, whereas ash content varied with both factors. Hydrolysate powders exhibited higher moisture content than raw rice bran, indicating the impact of the hydrolysis process. The study also explored SYRB's antioxidant properties and cytotoxicity, which were sensitive to incubation time and alcalase concentration. Longer incubation increased DPPH scavenging activity, with the highest efficacy at 3 h. Meanwhile, ABTS scavenging displayed a delicate balance with alcalase concentration. The cytotoxicity study of SYRB revealed that all concentrations of SYRB were non-toxic to C2C12 cells, with cell viability values exceeding 70%.

本研究调查了从山形稻生产山形米糠水解物(SYRB)的情况,重点是培养时间(1、3 和 5 小时)和丙烯酸酶浓度(0、0.7 和 1% v/v)。结果表明了一种浓度依赖关系:较高浓度的丙醇酶可提高水解产物的产量。延长孵育时间,尤其是在使用炼铝酶的情况下,可促进底物分解,进一步提高水解产物的产量。反映肽键裂解的水解程度取决于孵育时间和酶浓度,强调了酶活性在效率中的作用。此外,颜色分析(L*、a*、b*)和色差(ΔE)显示了酶水解产生的复杂变化。近似成分分析表明,随着酶浓度的增加和培养时间的延长,蛋白质和脂质的含量会增加,而灰分含量则随这两个因素的变化而变化。水解物粉末的水分含量高于生米糠,表明水解过程的影响。研究还探讨了 SYRB 的抗氧化性和细胞毒性,它们对孵育时间和炼焦酶浓度很敏感。孵育时间越长,DPPH 清除活性越高,3 小时时的功效最高。SYRB的细胞毒性研究表明,所有浓度的SYRB对C2C12细胞均无毒性,细胞存活率超过70%。
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引用次数: 0
Magnaporthe oryzae effector AvrPik-D targets a transcription factor WG7 to suppress rice immunity. Magnaporthe oryzae效应子AvrPik-D以转录因子WG7为靶标抑制水稻免疫。
IF 5.5 1区 农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY Pub Date : 2024-02-13 DOI: 10.1186/s12284-024-00693-0
Tao Yang, Linlin Song, Jinxian Hu, Luao Qiao, Qing Yu, Zonghua Wang, Xiaofeng Chen, Guo-Dong Lu

Rice blast, caused by the fungal pathogen Magnaporthe oryzae, is one of the most devastating diseases for rice crops, significantly affecting crop yield and quality. During the infection process, M. oryzae secretes effector proteins that help in hijacking the host's immune responses to establish infection. However, little is known about the interaction between the effector protein AvrPik-D and the host protein Pikh, and how AvrPik-D increases disease severity to promote infection. In this study, we show that the M. oryzae effector AvrPik-D interacts with the zinc finger-type transcription factor WG7 in the nucleus and promotes its transcriptional activity. Genetic removal (knockout) of the gene WG7 in transgenic rice enhances resistance to M. oryzae and also results in an increased burst of reactive oxygen species after treatments with chitin. In addition, the hormone level of SA and JA, is increased and decreased respectively in WG7 KO plants, indicating that WG7 may negatively mediate resistance through salicylic acid pathway. Conversely, WG7 overexpression lines reduce resistance to M. oryzae. However, WG7 is not required for the Pikh-mediated resistance against rice blast. In conclusion, our results revealed that the M. oryzae effector AvrPik-D targets and promotes transcriptional activity of WG7 to suppress rice innate immunity to facilitate infection.

由真菌病原体 Magnaporthe oryzae 引起的稻瘟病是对水稻作物最具破坏性的病害之一,严重影响作物的产量和质量。在感染过程中,M. oryzae 会分泌效应蛋白,帮助劫持宿主的免疫反应以建立感染。然而,人们对效应蛋白 AvrPik-D 与宿主蛋白 Pikh 之间的相互作用以及 AvrPik-D 如何增加病害严重程度以促进感染知之甚少。本研究表明,M. oryzae效应蛋白AvrPik-D与细胞核中的锌指型转录因子WG7相互作用,并促进其转录活性。在转基因水稻中基因去除(敲除)基因 WG7 可增强对 M. oryzae 的抗性,还可导致几丁质处理后活性氧猝灭增加。此外,在 WG7 KO 植株中,SA 和 JA 的激素水平分别升高和降低,表明 WG7 可能通过水杨酸途径负向介导抗性。相反,WG7 过表达株系会降低对 M. oryzae 的抗性。然而,WG7 并不是 Pikh 介导的稻瘟病抗性所必需的。总之,我们的研究结果表明,M. oryzae效应物AvrPik-D以WG7为靶标并促进WG7的转录活性,从而抑制水稻的先天免疫以促进感染。
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引用次数: 0
Construction of a Female Sterility Maintaining System Based on a Novel Mutation of the MEL2 Gene 基于 MEL2 基因的新型突变构建雌性不育维持系统
IF 5.5 1区 农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY Pub Date : 2024-02-04 DOI: 10.1186/s12284-024-00688-x
Xia Wang, Shuting Yuan, Changjian Wang, Wei Yan, Gang Xie, Cuifang Wang, Shijun Qiu, Jianxin Wu, Xing Wang Deng, Chunjue Xu, Xiaoyan Tang

Background

Hybrid rice has significant yield advantage and stress tolerance compared with inbred rice. However, production of hybrid rice seeds requires extensive manual labors. Currently, hybrid rice seeds are produced by crosspollination of male sterile lines by fertile paternal lines. Because seeds from paternal lines can contaminate the hybrid seeds, mechanized production by mixed-seeding and mixed-harvesting is difficult. This problem can be solved if the paternal line is female sterile.

Results

Here we identified a female infertile mutant named h569 carrying a novel mutation (A1106G) in the MEL2 gene that was previously reported to regulate meiosis entry both in male and female organs. h569 mutant is female infertile but male normal, suggesting that MEL2 regulates meiosis entry in male and female organs through distinct pathways. The MEL2 gene and h569 mutant gave us tools to construct female sterility maintaining systems that can be used for propagation of female sterile lines. We connected the wild-type MEL2 gene with pollen-killer gene ZmAA1 and seed-marker gene DsRed2 in one T-DNA cassette and transformed it into ZZH1607, a widely used restorer line. Transgenic line carrying a single transgene inserted in an intergenic region was selected to cross with h569 mutant. F2 progeny carrying homozygous A1106G mutation and hemizygous transgene displayed 1:1 segregation of fertile and infertile pollen grains and 1:1 segregation of fluorescent and non-fluorescent seeds upon self-fertilization. All of the non-fluorescent seeds generated female infertile plants, while the fluorescent seeds generated fertile plants that reproduced in the way as their previous generation.

Conclusions

These results indicated that the female sterility maintaining system constructed in the study can be used to breed and propagate paternal lines that are female infertile. The application of this system will enable mechanized production of hybrid rice seed by using the mixed-seeding and mixed harvesting approach, which will significantly reduce the cost in hybrid rice seed production.

背景与近交系水稻相比,杂交水稻具有显著的产量优势和抗逆性。然而,杂交水稻种子的生产需要大量的手工劳动。目前,杂交水稻种子是通过雄性不育系与可育父系杂交授粉生产出来的。由于父本品系的种子会污染杂交种子,因此很难通过混合播种和混合收获进行机械化生产。结果我们发现了一个名为 h569 的雌性不育突变体,其携带的 MEL2 基因有一个新的突变(A1106G),之前有报道称 MEL2 基因可同时调控雌雄器官的减数分裂进入。MEL2基因和h569突变体为我们构建雌性不育维持系统提供了工具,该系统可用于繁殖雌性不育系。我们将野生型 MEL2 基因与花粉杀伤基因 ZmAA1 和种子标记基因 DsRed2 连接在一个 T-DNA 盒中,并将其转化到广泛使用的恢复系 ZZH1607 中。筛选出在基因间区插入单个转基因的转基因品系与 h569 突变体杂交。携带同源突变 A1106G 和半杂合转基因的 F2 后代在自交时,可育和不育花粉粒的分离比例为 1:1,荧光和非荧光种子的分离比例为 1:1。这些结果表明,本研究构建的雌性不育维持系统可用于培育和繁殖雌性不育的父本品系。该系统的应用将使杂交水稻种子的机械化生产成为可能,采用混合播种和混合收获的方法,将大大降低杂交水稻种子生产的成本。
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引用次数: 0
Correction: Phosphate Transporter OsPT4, Ubiquitinated by E3 Ligase OsAIRP2, Plays a Crucial Role in Phosphorus and Nitrogen Translocation and Consumption in Germinating Seed. 更正:磷酸盐转运体 OsPT4 被 E3 连接酶 OsAIRP2 泛素化,在发芽种子的磷和氮转运及消耗中发挥关键作用。
IF 5.5 1区 农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY Pub Date : 2024-02-03 DOI: 10.1186/s12284-024-00689-w
Yafei Sun, Fang Zhang, Jia Wei, Ke Song, Lijuan Sun, Yang Yang, Qin Qin, Shiyan Yang, Zhouwen Li, Guohua Xu, Shubin Sun, Yong Xue
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引用次数: 0
A Mitochondrial Localized Chaperone Regulator OsBAG6 Functions in Saline-Alkaline Stress Tolerance in Rice. 线粒体定位伴侣调节器 OsBAG6 在水稻耐盐碱胁迫中发挥作用
IF 4.8 1区 农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY Pub Date : 2024-01-22 DOI: 10.1186/s12284-024-00686-z
Jie Wang, Min Ao, Ao Ma, Jinlei Yu, Peng Guo, Shuangzhan Huang, Xiaoyuan Peng, Dae-Jin Yun, Zheng-Yi Xu

B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2)-associated athanogene (BAG) family genes play prominent roles in regulating plant growth, development, and stress response. Although the molecular mechanism underlying BAG's response to abiotic stress has been studied in Arabidopsis, the function of OsBAG underlying saline-alkaline stress tolerance in rice remains unclear. In this study, OsBAG6, a chaperone regulator localized to mitochondria, was identified as a novel negative regulator of saline-alkaline stress tolerance in rice. The expression level of OsBAG6 was induced by high concentration of salt, high pH, heat and abscisic acid treatments. Overexpression of OsBAG6 in rice resulted in significantly reduced plant heights, grain size, grain weight, as well as higher sensitivity to saline-alkaline stress. By contrast, the osbag6 loss-of-function mutants exhibited decreased sensitivity to saline-alkaline stress. The transcriptomic analysis uncovered differentially expressed genes related to the function of "response to oxidative stress", "defense response", and "secondary metabolite biosynthetic process" in the shoots and roots of OsBAG6-overexpressing transgenic lines. Furthermore, cytoplasmic levels of Ca2+ increase rapidly in plants exposed to saline-alkaline stress. OsBAG6 bound to calcium sensor OsCaM1-1 under normal conditions, which was identified by comparative interactomics, but not in the presence of elevated Ca2+. Released OsCaM1-1 saturated with Ca2+ is then able to regulate downstream stress-responsive genes as part of the response to saline-alkaline stress. OsBAG6 also interacted with energy biosynthesis and metabolic pathway proteins that are involved in plant growth and saline-alkaline stress response mechanisms. This study reveals a novel function for mitochondrial localized OsBAG6 proteins in the saline-alkaline stress response alongside OsCaM1-1.

B 细胞淋巴瘤 2(Bcl-2)相关基因(BAG)家族基因在调控植物生长、发育和胁迫响应方面发挥着重要作用。虽然 BAG 对非生物胁迫响应的分子机制已在拟南芥中得到研究,但 OsBAG 在水稻耐盐碱胁迫中的功能仍不清楚。本研究发现,定位于线粒体的伴侣调节因子 OsBAG6 是水稻耐盐碱胁迫的新型负调控因子。高浓度盐、高pH值、热和赤霉酸处理诱导了OsBAG6的表达水平。水稻过表达 OsBAG6 会导致株高、粒径、粒重显著降低,对盐碱胁迫的敏感性更高。相比之下,Osbag6功能缺失突变体对盐碱胁迫的敏感性降低。转录组分析发现,在 OsBAG6 高表达转基因株系的芽和根中,与 "氧化胁迫响应"、"防御响应 "和 "次生代谢物生物合成过程 "功能相关的基因表达量不同。此外,在盐碱胁迫下,植物细胞质中的 Ca2+ 水平会迅速增加。在正常条件下,OsBAG6 与钙传感器 OsCaM1-1 结合(通过比较相互作用组学确定),但在 Ca2+ 升高的情况下则不结合。释放的 OsCaM1-1 在 Ca2+ 饱和的情况下能够调控下游的应激反应基因,这是盐碱应激反应的一部分。OsBAG6 还与参与植物生长和盐碱胁迫响应机制的能量生物合成和代谢途径蛋白相互作用。这项研究揭示了线粒体定位的 OsBAG6 蛋白与 OsCaM1-1 蛋白在盐碱胁迫响应中的新功能。
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引用次数: 0
Defense Responses of Different Rice Varieties Affect Growth Performance and Food Utilization of Cnaphalocrocis medinalis Larvae 不同水稻品种的防御反应影响中肋栉水母幼虫的生长性能和食物利用率
IF 5.5 1区 农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY Pub Date : 2024-01-20 DOI: 10.1186/s12284-024-00683-2

Abstract

Rice leaf folder, Cnaphalocrocis medinalis (Guenée), is one of the most serious pests on rice. At present, chemical control is the main method for controlling this pest. However, the indiscriminate use of chemical insecticides has non-target effects and may cause environmental pollution. Besides, leaf curling behavior by C. medinalis may indirectly reduce the efficacy of chemical spray. Therefore, it is crucial to cultivate efficient rice varieties resistant to this pest. Previous studies have found that three different rice varieties, Zhongzao39 (ZZ39), Xiushui134 (XS134), and Yongyou1540 (YY1540), had varying degrees of infestation by C. medinalis. However, it is currently unclear whether the reason for this difference is related to the difference in defense ability of the three rice varieties against the infestation of C. medinalis. To explore this issue, the current study investigated the effects of three rice varieties on the growth performance and food utilization capability of the 4th instar C. medinalis. Further, it elucidated the differences in defense responses among different rice varieties based on the differences in leaf physiological and biochemical indicators and their impact on population occurrence. The results showed that the larval survival rate was the lowest, and the development period was significantly prolonged after feeding on YY1540. This was not related to the differences in leaf wax, pigments, and nutritional components among the three rice varieties nor to the feeding preferences of the larvae. The rate of superoxide anion production, hydrogen peroxide content, and the activity of three protective enzymes were negatively correlated with larval survival rate, and they all showed the highest in YY1540 leaves. Compared to other tested varieties, although the larvae feeding on YY1540 had higher conversion efficiency of ingested food and lower relative consumption rate, their relative growth was faster, indicating stronger food utilization capability. However, they had a lower accumulation of protein. This suggests that different rice varieties had different levels of oxidative stress after infestation by C. medinalis. The defense response of YY1540 was more intense, which was not conducive to the development of the larvae population. These results will provide new insights into the interaction mechanism between different rice varieties and C. medinalis and provide a theoretical basis for cultivating rice varieties resistant to this pest.

摘要 稻纵卷叶螟(Cnaphalocrocis medinalis (Guenée))是水稻上最严重的害虫之一。目前,化学防治是控制这种害虫的主要方法。然而,滥用化学杀虫剂会对非目标产生影响,并可能造成环境污染。此外,褐飞虱的卷叶行为会间接降低化学药剂的药效。因此,培育抗这种害虫的高效水稻品种至关重要。之前的研究发现,中早 39(ZZ39)、秀水 134(XS134)和甬优 1540(YY1540)这三个不同的水稻品种都有不同程度的褐飞虱侵染。然而,目前还不清楚造成这种差异的原因是否与这三个水稻品种对介壳虫侵染的防御能力不同有关。为了探讨这一问题,本研究调查了三个水稻品种对介壳虫第四龄的生长表现和食物利用能力的影响。此外,本研究还根据叶片生理生化指标的差异,阐明了不同水稻品种在防御反应上的差异及其对种群发生的影响。结果表明,取食 YY1540 后,幼虫存活率最低,发育期明显延长。这与三个水稻品种的叶蜡、色素和营养成分差异无关,也与幼虫的取食偏好无关。超氧阴离子产生率、过氧化氢含量和三种保护酶的活性与幼虫存活率呈负相关,且在 YY1540 叶片上均表现为最高。与其他试验品种相比,虽然取食 YY1540 的幼虫摄入食物的转化效率较高,相对消耗率较低,但其相对生长速度较快,表明其对食物的利用能力较强。但是,它们的蛋白质积累较低。这表明不同品种的水稻在受到介壳虫侵染后会产生不同程度的氧化应激。YY1540 的防御反应更为强烈,不利于幼虫种群的发展。这些结果将为了解不同水稻品种与介壳虫之间的相互作用机制提供新的视角,并为培育抗这种害虫的水稻品种提供理论依据。
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