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Relationship Between Gestures and Vocabulary in 14-Month-Old Swedish-Learning Children. 14 个月大瑞典语学习儿童的手势与词汇量之间的关系。
IF 1.8 3区 心理学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2025-04-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-23 DOI: 10.1111/sjop.13077
Ulrika Marklund, Ellen Marklund, Lisa Gustavsson, Christina Samuelsson

In this study, the relationship between gestures and vocabulary size in 177 Swedish-learning 14-month-old children was examined. Gesture use, receptive, and expressive vocabulary were reported by caregivers with the Swedish version of the MacArthur Bates Communicative Developmental Inventory, words and gestures, SECDI-1. Gesture types examined were referential gestures classified as either deictic gestures, conventional gestures, and object actions. A fine-grained analysis of gestures and lexicon was performed. Results show that percentage of gestures used by children significantly predicts percentage of words in their receptive vocabulary. However, looking at gesture type, only use of object actions significantly predicts percentage of words in the receptive vocabulary whereas use of conventional gestures does not. Deictic gestures showed a ceiling effect and were therefore not further used for analysis. The relationship between gesture use and vocabulary size was not impacted by semantic category (food or clothes). Vocabulary in both semantic categories was statistically predicted by object actions in only one semantic category.

本研究调查了 177 名学习瑞典语的 14 个月大儿童的手势与词汇量之间的关系。照顾者使用瑞典版麦克阿瑟-贝茨交流发展量表(SECDI-1)报告了手势的使用、接受词汇和表达词汇。研究的手势类型包括指事手势、常规手势和物体动作。对手势和词汇进行了精细分析。结果表明,儿童使用手势的百分比可显著预测其接受词汇中单词的百分比。然而,从手势类型来看,只有物体动作的使用能显著预测接受词汇中单词的百分比,而传统手势的使用则不能。指代手势显示出上限效应,因此没有被进一步用于分析。手势使用与词汇量之间的关系不受语义类别(食物或衣服)的影响。两个语义类别中的词汇量在统计学上仅受一个语义类别中物体动作的预测。
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引用次数: 0
Psychometric Properties of the Danish International Trauma Questionnaire-Child and Adolescent Version (ITQ-CA). 丹麦国际创伤问卷--儿童和青少年版(ITQ-CA)的心理测量特性。
IF 1.8 3区 心理学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2025-04-01 Epub Date: 2024-11-04 DOI: 10.1111/sjop.13079
Katla Sigurðardóttir, Noor Qambar, Ask Elklit, Mikkel A Auning-Hansen, Sabrina B Nielsen

With the introduction of the ICD-11 diagnostic manual, the need for developing and validating new assessment instruments has become urgent. The International Trauma Questionnaire-Child and Adolescent version (ITQ-CA) assesses posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and complex PTSD (CPTSD) based on the ICD-11 diagnostic definition. This study examines the psychometric properties of the Danish version of the ITQ-CA in a non-clinical sample of 226 adolescents. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses were performed to study the effects of gender, age, trauma exposure, family dysfunction, and SDQ variables on PTSD and Disturbances in Self-Organization (DSO). Results showed that 16 participants (7%) met the ITQ-CA criteria for CPTSD and 11 (5.7%) for PTSD. The full model of gender, age, family dysfunction, trauma exposure, and SDQ variables was found to predict PTSD and DSO. The present study supports the validity of the Danish version of the ITQ-CA and represents an important step of establishing and applying validated tools for assessing  PTSD and CPTSD in children and adolescents. The results also underscore the need for a broader trauma definition. Future research should examine the sensitivity of the ITQ-CA.

随着 ICD-11 诊断手册的推出,开发和验证新的评估工具已成为当务之急。国际创伤问卷-儿童和青少年版(ITQ-CA)根据 ICD-11 诊断定义评估创伤后应激障碍(PTSD)和复杂创伤后应激障碍(CPTSD)。本研究在 226 名青少年的非临床样本中对丹麦版 ITQ-CA 的心理测量特性进行了研究。通过层次多元回归分析,研究了性别、年龄、创伤暴露、家庭功能障碍和 SDQ 变量对创伤后应激障碍和自我组织紊乱(DSO)的影响。结果显示,16 名参与者(7%)符合 CPTSD 的 ITQ-CA 标准,11 名参与者(5.7%)符合 PTSD 标准。由性别、年龄、家庭功能障碍、创伤暴露和 SDQ 变量组成的完整模型可预测创伤后应激障碍和 DSO。本研究证实了丹麦语版 ITQ-CA 的有效性,是建立和应用有效工具评估儿童和青少年创伤后应激障碍和 CPTSD 的重要一步。研究结果还强调了对更广泛的创伤定义的需求。未来的研究应考察 ITQ-CA 的敏感性。
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引用次数: 0
Determining Cognitive Performance in Athletes: A Systematic Review Focused on Methodology of Applying Cognitive Tests.
IF 1.8 3区 心理学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2025-03-07 DOI: 10.1111/sjop.13105
Egemen Manci, Fabian Herold, Fırat Özdalyan, Merve Demir Benli, Çağlar Bozkurt, Uğur Gençtürk, Arnd Gebel, Çağdaş Güdücü, Erkan Günay, Cem Ş Bediz, Matthew B Pontifex, Notger G Muller

Although in recent years, there have been many studies to determine the cognitive performance of athletes, there are significant differences in the methodological approaches of these studies. Therefore, this methodology-focused systematic review aims to analyze the application methods of cognitive test studies with athletes and to provide standard recommendations for further studies. For this purpose, three electronic databases (Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus) were searched using predetermined keywords. As a result of the screening, 25 studies were included in the review. The result of this systematic review focused on the methodology of applying cognitive tests and observed considerable heterogeneity in methodological procedures applied in studies investigating the cognitive performance of athletes. The findings of this review highlight the need for the development of standardized procedures for the assessment of cognitive performance in future research while offering practical recommendations for researchers and coaches working in this area.

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引用次数: 0
The Effectiveness of Affective Priming in Improving Affective Responses to Exercise: A Meta-Analysis.
IF 1.8 3区 心理学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2025-03-07 DOI: 10.1111/sjop.13107
Yun-Ru Shao, Lu Guo

Promoting physical activity is one of the most important issues in improving global public health. While existing research emphasizes the role of cognitive factors, affective response is proven to be a key predictor of exercise behavior. Affective priming is an efficient intervention aiming at improving affective response during and after exercise, yet its effect on affective response to exercise remains unclear. The current study conducted a meta-analysis on the effect of affective priming on affective responses during and after exercise and tested several moderators of this relation using the Comprehensive Meta-Analysis Version 3 (CMA3.0) program. Data from four studies yielded 19 effect sizes from 124 participants. Analyses revealed a moderate and positive effect of affective priming on affective responses (d = 0.716). Moderation analyses indicated that this effect could be moderated by gender and the time of measuring affective responses. These results hold both theoretical and practical implications for future research on affective priming in the context of exercise and highlight the importance of considering affective processes in promoting exercise behavior.

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引用次数: 0
Training and Development of Incident Commanders in the Fire and Rescue Services: A Scoping Review.
IF 1.8 3区 心理学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2025-03-03 DOI: 10.1111/sjop.13097
Jarle Eid, Emilie Skaar Vildskog, Anita L Hansen

The aim of this scoping review was to summarize scholarly research on training and development of first responders and incident commanders in the fire and rescue services, with an emphasis on identifying emerging research questions and research gaps. From 2013 to 2024, 1343 studies were identified from the search in Web of Science, ProQuest, and Ovid/Psycinfo databases. A detailed search, screening, and selection strategy was performed, and 28 studies were retained based on prior established criteria. A majority of these studies were conducted in Europe (54%), North America (25%), Asia (11%), or Oceania (11%). Most studies (64%) used a quantitative approach, followed by a qualitative (21%), mixed methods (7%), or register data (7%) approach. A cross-sectional case design was most common (54%), while (21%) applied an experimental or a randomized controlled trial (RCT) design; only (7%) applied a longitudinal design. The studies could be organized into four interrelated themes focusing on (a) Workplace safety, stress, and resilience; (b) Incident command and crisis leadership; (c) Leader development and personnel management; and (d) Training innovation and technology. The scoping review offers recommendations to enhance future research on the training and development of incident commanders in the fire and rescue services.

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引用次数: 0
Psychological Distance to Science: Psychometric Evaluation of the Swedish PSYDISC-Scale and as a Predictor of Science Skepticism.
IF 1.8 3区 心理学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2025-03-03 DOI: 10.1111/sjop.13104
Billy Jansson, Catharina Halmedal, Thea Salomonsson

The main purpose of the present study was to test if PSYDISC demonstrates incremental validity in predicting science skepticism across domains, beyond science attitude measures, in a Swedish context. Swedish-speaking participants (N = 314) completed an online survey containing the PSYDISC scale and two science attitude scales (Faith in Science and Negative Perceptions of Science), as well as measures of science skepticism regarding climate change, vaccines, and genetically modified organisms (GMO). Results from confirmatory factor analysis found support for the previously found four-factor model (hypothetical distance, social distance, spatial distance, and temporal distance). Additionally, measurement invariance was supported for age and gender, and local psychometric properties indicated good internal consistency with good discriminant validity but somewhat poor convergent validity. Regression analyses showed that PSYDISC demonstrated incremental predictive validity for climate change and vaccine skepticism but not for GMO skepticism. The present study thus supports PSYDISC as an incremental predictor of science skepticism.

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引用次数: 0
A Meta-Analysis of the Psychometric Properties of the ICD-11 Compatible Personality Inventory for DSM-5-Brief Form Plus, Modified (PID5BF+M). 针对 DSM-5 的 ICD-11 兼容型人格量表--简表增强版,修订版 (PID5BF+M) 的心理测量特性的元分析。
IF 1.8 3区 心理学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2025-02-28 DOI: 10.1111/sjop.13100
Saeid Komasi, Bo Bach

The ICD-11 compatible, Personality Inventory for DSM-5-Brief Form Plus, Modified (PID5BF+M), has recently been developed to assess the constructs of the ICD-11 and DSM-5 maladaptive trait models. This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the pooled estimates of the structural validity (model fit indices, factor loadings, and internal consistency of individual scales), discriminant validity (factor intercorrelations), and criterion validity (standardized mean differences between clinical and nonclinical samples) of the PID5BF+M. A systematic search for scientific articles published between January 2013 and November 2024 was conducted in PubMed, PsycNET, and Google Scholar. The pooled estimates were calculated using the random effects method following the PRISMA guidelines. The quality of individual studies, heterogeneity, and publication bias were checked. Five high-quality reports including 21 independent samples (3056 patients and 17,361 nonpatients) were entered into the meta-analysis. The six-factor structure of the PID5BF+M was supported by the pooled estimates of model fit (RMSEA = 0.03, CFI = 0.98, TLI = 0.96, and SRMR = 0.01), moderate to very strong factor loadings (from 0.43 to 0.74), and an acceptable internal consistency (ω between 0.70 and 0.79 for all factors with a median of 0.75). The factor intercorrelations were weak to moderate (from 0.05 to 0.38) and the mean scores of most factors (except antagonism) were higher in the patients. The PID5BF+M is an applicable scale to measure maladaptive personality constructs with acceptable structural, discriminant, and criterion validity. Mental health professionals and researchers can use the scale, taking into account some methodological considerations of the present meta-analysis. The study protocol was preregistered in PROSPERO-CRD42024507164.

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引用次数: 0
Personality Assessment in Groups of Different Verbal Intelligence Levels. 不同语言智能水平群体的人格评估。
IF 1.8 3区 心理学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2025-02-23 DOI: 10.1111/sjop.13099
Martina Lozić, Denis Bratko, Tena Vukasović Hlupić

The differentiation of personality by intelligence hypothesis, which has mixed support in the literature, predicts that personality is more variable for more intelligent individuals. This study aimed to test that hypothesis by comparing variances, reliability coefficients, and inter-scale correlations of personality as assessed by self-reports between groups of participants with different intelligence scores. We used two independent datasets (N1 = 655; N2 = 836; Ntotal = 1491) in which the same vocabulary test was used as a measure of verbal intelligence, but personality was measured as self-report by different inventories (NEO-FFI and HEXACO-100). As the verbal ability scores had a normal distribution, the combined mean was calculated, and empirical groups were generated within each sample to compare groups of participants who indicated a low-ability group (G1) and the high-ability group (G3). Results mostly support the differentiation hypothesis in the NEO-FFI dataset, where participants in G3 have higher variances and reliability coefficients than participants in G1, but do not show lower inter-scale correlation coefficients. However, the same trend was not found in the second sample where personality was assessed by the HEXACO inventory. In conclusion, the results of this study provide only partial support for the personality differentiation by intelligence hypothesis.

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引用次数: 0
Is Self-Report of Attachment Patterns in Young People Stable From Three to Nine Months After a Concussion?
IF 1.8 3区 心理学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2025-02-20 DOI: 10.1111/sjop.13094
Astrid Tuborgh, Susanne Wulff Svendsen, Ask Elklit, Jon Hunter, Jens Søndergaard Jensen, Eva Ørnbøl, Andreas Schröder, Jørgen Feldbæk Nielsen, Mille Møller Thastum, Erhard Trillingsgaard Næss-Schmidt, Charlotte Ulrikka Rask

Insecure adult attachment patterns have recently been associated with an increased risk of developing persistent post-concussion symptoms (PCS) and poorer treatment outcomes, highlighting the potential of attachment-informed treatment protocols for persistent PCS. A key requirement for such approaches is that attachment patterns remain relatively stable during the post-injury illness course, allowing them to serve as reliable indicators for guiding initial care and treatment planning. This study aimed to assess the stability of self-reported attachment anxiety and attachment avoidance in individuals aged 15-30 years, from three (T1) to nine (T2) months after a concussion, corresponding to the period when treatment for PCS typically becomes relevant. This study is a methodological follow-up of a larger clinical cohort study comprising 3080 individuals aged 15-30 years who were diagnosed with a concussion. Attachment dimensions were measured using the Experiences in Close Relationships-Relationship Structures Questionnaire at three (T1) and nine (T2) months post-injury. Both mean-level and individual changes were examined, taking relevant covariates such as sex, age, level of PCS, post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms, and social support into account. At T1, 958 respondents were included (39%), with 416 also responding at T2 (43%). Mean-level changes were minimal (attachment anxiety: β = -0.07 (95% confidence interval [CI]: -0.22; 0.08)), attachment avoidance: β = 0.00 (95% CI: -0.11; 0.11). Larger individual changes that could not be explained by measurement error were observed in 12% of participants. No association was found with any of the covariates. Self-reported attachment patterns appear to remain stable in most young people with a concussion from 3 to 9 months post-injury. The findings strengthen confidence in conducting research to investigate whether attachment-informed treatment approaches can improve healthcare for these patients.

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引用次数: 0
Blind Love, Risky Romance: Exposure to Romantic Cues Increases Nonmoral and Immoral Risk Taking.
IF 1.8 3区 心理学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2025-02-18 DOI: 10.1111/sjop.13096
Heng Li

Love and risk are often intricately intertwined within linguistic and cultural conventions. This study experimentally tested the hypothesis that risk-taking attitudes and behaviors are systematically influenced by romantic primes. To evaluate our theoretical framework, we conducted four complementary experiments utilizing various priming techniques (lexical cues, advertisements, and storytelling), diverse participant populations (students and general adults), and multiple measures of risk-taking behavior (self-report and behavioral data). Study 1 compared students' tendencies to engage in risk taking when exposed to romantic cues versus neutral primes. Studies 2 and 3 aimed to provide behavioral confirmation of the observed effects in nonmoral and immoral risk-taking behaviors among nonstudent participants. Study 4 sought to provide more direct evidence regarding the role of self-control in explaining the effects of romantic cues on risk taking. We found both correlational and experimental evidence indicating that participants primed with romantic cues exhibited a higher likelihood of engaging in nonmoral and immoral risk-taking behaviors compared to those exposed to neutral conditions. Across the studies, self-control was identified as a mediating factor in the observed effects. In sum, our research demonstrates that the mere presence of romantic themes significantly influences the propensity to engage in risky behaviors.

{"title":"Blind Love, Risky Romance: Exposure to Romantic Cues Increases Nonmoral and Immoral Risk Taking.","authors":"Heng Li","doi":"10.1111/sjop.13096","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/sjop.13096","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Love and risk are often intricately intertwined within linguistic and cultural conventions. This study experimentally tested the hypothesis that risk-taking attitudes and behaviors are systematically influenced by romantic primes. To evaluate our theoretical framework, we conducted four complementary experiments utilizing various priming techniques (lexical cues, advertisements, and storytelling), diverse participant populations (students and general adults), and multiple measures of risk-taking behavior (self-report and behavioral data). Study 1 compared students' tendencies to engage in risk taking when exposed to romantic cues versus neutral primes. Studies 2 and 3 aimed to provide behavioral confirmation of the observed effects in nonmoral and immoral risk-taking behaviors among nonstudent participants. Study 4 sought to provide more direct evidence regarding the role of self-control in explaining the effects of romantic cues on risk taking. We found both correlational and experimental evidence indicating that participants primed with romantic cues exhibited a higher likelihood of engaging in nonmoral and immoral risk-taking behaviors compared to those exposed to neutral conditions. Across the studies, self-control was identified as a mediating factor in the observed effects. In sum, our research demonstrates that the mere presence of romantic themes significantly influences the propensity to engage in risky behaviors.</p>","PeriodicalId":21435,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian journal of psychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143450131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
期刊
Scandinavian journal of psychology
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