Pub Date : 2022-12-31DOI: 10.31357/vjs.v25i02.6179
Mrs. Teenu Dubey, Dr. Jitendra K. Sharma, Dr. Sonu Sen
Induction Motors (IMs) are now becoming the pillar of almost all the motoringapplications related to the industry and household. The practical applications of IMs usually requireconstant motoring speed. As a result, different types of control systems for IM's speed controlling havebeen shaped. One of the important techniques is the utilization of thyristor fed drive. Although, thethyristor fed induction motor drive (TFIMD) offers stable speed performance, the practical speed controldemand is much more precise. Hence, this drive system utilizes additional controllers to attain precisespeed for practical applications. This paper offers a detailed review of the controllers utilized with thethyristor fed IM drive in the past few decades to achieve good speed control performance. The clear intentof the paper is to provide a comprehensible frame of the pros and cons of the existing controllers developedfor the TFIMD speed control requirements. Keywords: Thyristor Fed Drives, Induction Motors, Speed Controller, Conventional Controllers, andSoft Computing Techniques.
{"title":"Evolution of Controllers for the Speed Control in Thyristor Fed Induction Motor Drive","authors":"Mrs. Teenu Dubey, Dr. Jitendra K. Sharma, Dr. Sonu Sen","doi":"10.31357/vjs.v25i02.6179","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31357/vjs.v25i02.6179","url":null,"abstract":"Induction Motors (IMs) are now becoming the pillar of almost all the motoringapplications related to the industry and household. The practical applications of IMs usually requireconstant motoring speed. As a result, different types of control systems for IM's speed controlling havebeen shaped. One of the important techniques is the utilization of thyristor fed drive. Although, thethyristor fed induction motor drive (TFIMD) offers stable speed performance, the practical speed controldemand is much more precise. Hence, this drive system utilizes additional controllers to attain precisespeed for practical applications. This paper offers a detailed review of the controllers utilized with thethyristor fed IM drive in the past few decades to achieve good speed control performance. The clear intentof the paper is to provide a comprehensible frame of the pros and cons of the existing controllers developedfor the TFIMD speed control requirements. \u0000Keywords: Thyristor Fed Drives, Induction Motors, Speed Controller, Conventional Controllers, andSoft Computing Techniques.","PeriodicalId":214405,"journal":{"name":"Vidyodaya Journal of Science","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128016487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Secondary bacterial infection can adversely affect the clinical course of primary viral infection indengue fever. Time consuming microbiological culture confirmations and false negative culture resultsdelay the timely initiation of antibiotics. The objective of this study was to describe the variation in thecommon laboratory parameters during the illness, identify criteria that may predict secondary bacterialinfection before microbial culture confirmation, identify the common organisms causing secondarybacterial infections and their antibiotic sensitivity patterns. A retrospective case-control study was carriedout at the Dengue Management Unit of the National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Sri Lanka. Patientstreated with antibiotics upon suspicion or culture confirmation of secondary bacterial infections andpatients not treated with antibiotics were selected for the study. Total WBC count, absolute neutrophilcount, platelet count, HCT (Hematocrit), CRP (C Reactive Protein) and average body temperature wererecorded. Independent sample t-test was used to analyze the data. Study results showed that most positivemicrobial cultures were detected on the 6th and 7th days of illness. Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, andnon-speciated Gram-positive cocci were the commonly isolated organisms. Patients with confirmedsecondary bacterial infection had significantly higher neutrophil count (3.32±0.35x103/μL, p<0.05) andlower platelet counts (49.33±7.66x103/μL, p<0.05) on the 6th and 5th day of illness respectively. Theaverage body temperature was significantly higher in the study group than the control from the fever day3 onwards (p<0.05). The study subjects were more likely to have significantly lower HCT values(38.62±1.12%, p<0.05) than their controls on the third and fourth days of fever. Overall, the present studysuggests that bacterial co-infection increases the mortality rate in dengue patients. The variation inabsolute neutrophil count, platelet count, and body temperature pattern compared to the illness day can beused along for early prediction of secondary bacterial infection. Keywords: dengue, bacterial infection, antibiotics, platelet count, HCT
{"title":"Study on the Changes in Common Laboratory Parameters in Dengue Patients with Secondary Bacterial Infection","authors":"D.D. Haputhanthiri, M.A.F. Sabriya, J.M.R.W.W.Wadanamby, D.H.H.Munasinghe","doi":"10.31357/vjs.v25i02.6178","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31357/vjs.v25i02.6178","url":null,"abstract":"Secondary bacterial infection can adversely affect the clinical course of primary viral infection indengue fever. Time consuming microbiological culture confirmations and false negative culture resultsdelay the timely initiation of antibiotics. The objective of this study was to describe the variation in thecommon laboratory parameters during the illness, identify criteria that may predict secondary bacterialinfection before microbial culture confirmation, identify the common organisms causing secondarybacterial infections and their antibiotic sensitivity patterns. A retrospective case-control study was carriedout at the Dengue Management Unit of the National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Sri Lanka. Patientstreated with antibiotics upon suspicion or culture confirmation of secondary bacterial infections andpatients not treated with antibiotics were selected for the study. Total WBC count, absolute neutrophilcount, platelet count, HCT (Hematocrit), CRP (C Reactive Protein) and average body temperature wererecorded. Independent sample t-test was used to analyze the data. Study results showed that most positivemicrobial cultures were detected on the 6th and 7th days of illness. Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, andnon-speciated Gram-positive cocci were the commonly isolated organisms. Patients with confirmedsecondary bacterial infection had significantly higher neutrophil count (3.32±0.35x103/μL, p<0.05) andlower platelet counts (49.33±7.66x103/μL, p<0.05) on the 6th and 5th day of illness respectively. Theaverage body temperature was significantly higher in the study group than the control from the fever day3 onwards (p<0.05). The study subjects were more likely to have significantly lower HCT values(38.62±1.12%, p<0.05) than their controls on the third and fourth days of fever. Overall, the present studysuggests that bacterial co-infection increases the mortality rate in dengue patients. The variation inabsolute neutrophil count, platelet count, and body temperature pattern compared to the illness day can beused along for early prediction of secondary bacterial infection. \u0000Keywords: dengue, bacterial infection, antibiotics, platelet count, HCT","PeriodicalId":214405,"journal":{"name":"Vidyodaya Journal of Science","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129089443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-31DOI: 10.31357/vjs.v25i02.6174
W. M. K. S. Ilmini, TGI Fernando
This paper analyses the performances of pre-trained deep learning models as feature extractors forapparent personality trait detection (APD) by utilising different statistical methods to find the bestperforming pre-trained model. Accuracy and computational cost were used to measure the modelperformance. Personality is measured using the Big Five Personality Schema. CNN-RNN networks weredesigned using VGG19, ResNet152, and VGGFace pre-trained models to measure the personality withscene data. The models were compared using the mean accuracy attained and the average time is taken fortraining and testing. Descriptive statistics, graphs, and inferential statistics were applied in modelcomparisons. Results convey that, ResNet152 model reported the highest mean accuracy in the test dataset(0.9077), followed by VGG19 with 0.9036; VGGFace recorded the lowest (0.8962). ResNet152 consumedmore time than other architectures in model training and testing since the number of parameters iscomparably higher than the other two architectures involved. Statistical test results prove no significantevidence to conclude that VGG19 and ResNet152 based CNN-RNN models performed differently. Thisleads to the conclusion that even with a comparably lower number of parameters VGG19 model performedwell. The findings reveal that satisfactory accuracy is obtained with a limited number of frames extractedfrom videos since models achieved more than 90% accuracy.
{"title":"Performance Analysis of State-of-the-Art Deep Learning Models in the Visual-Based Apparent Personality Detection","authors":"W. M. K. S. Ilmini, TGI Fernando","doi":"10.31357/vjs.v25i02.6174","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31357/vjs.v25i02.6174","url":null,"abstract":"This paper analyses the performances of pre-trained deep learning models as feature extractors forapparent personality trait detection (APD) by utilising different statistical methods to find the bestperforming pre-trained model. Accuracy and computational cost were used to measure the modelperformance. Personality is measured using the Big Five Personality Schema. CNN-RNN networks weredesigned using VGG19, ResNet152, and VGGFace pre-trained models to measure the personality withscene data. The models were compared using the mean accuracy attained and the average time is taken fortraining and testing. Descriptive statistics, graphs, and inferential statistics were applied in modelcomparisons. Results convey that, ResNet152 model reported the highest mean accuracy in the test dataset(0.9077), followed by VGG19 with 0.9036; VGGFace recorded the lowest (0.8962). ResNet152 consumedmore time than other architectures in model training and testing since the number of parameters iscomparably higher than the other two architectures involved. Statistical test results prove no significantevidence to conclude that VGG19 and ResNet152 based CNN-RNN models performed differently. Thisleads to the conclusion that even with a comparably lower number of parameters VGG19 model performedwell. The findings reveal that satisfactory accuracy is obtained with a limited number of frames extractedfrom videos since models achieved more than 90% accuracy.","PeriodicalId":214405,"journal":{"name":"Vidyodaya Journal of Science","volume":"112 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132493349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-31DOI: 10.31357/vjs.v25i02.6176
Roshani Abeysekera, D. Gamini
Many consequences in the human past can be traced back to that one well-written, well-presentedspeech. Speeches grasp the power to move nations or touch hearts as long as they are well-thought-out.This is why gaining the expertise of speech giving and speech writing is something we should all intent togain. A copy-cat bot is a model that can learn the writing and talking style of a certain person and replicateit. The main objective of this research study is to apply simple Recurrent Neural Network (RNN), LongShort-Term Memory (LSTM) Recurrent Neural Networks and Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) in developinga speech generation system that deep learns one text and then generates new text. This research looks intothe generation of English transcripts of Narendra Modi’s speeches. The generated text using LSTM andGRU models has great potential. The output resulted by RNN is less realistic and pragmatic, but itsvariants LSTM and GRU performed better. Though the grammatical correctness and the sentencetransitions were absent in generated text of LSTM and GRU, but their output is somewhat logical ascompared to RNN. LSTM and GRU performed better as it generated more realistic text and training lossis small, perplexity is small and mean probability is high compared to RNN.
{"title":"Copy-cat Bot for Narendra Modi which generates plausible new speeches in Modhi’s style using machine learning approaches","authors":"Roshani Abeysekera, D. Gamini","doi":"10.31357/vjs.v25i02.6176","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31357/vjs.v25i02.6176","url":null,"abstract":"Many consequences in the human past can be traced back to that one well-written, well-presentedspeech. Speeches grasp the power to move nations or touch hearts as long as they are well-thought-out.This is why gaining the expertise of speech giving and speech writing is something we should all intent togain. A copy-cat bot is a model that can learn the writing and talking style of a certain person and replicateit. The main objective of this research study is to apply simple Recurrent Neural Network (RNN), LongShort-Term Memory (LSTM) Recurrent Neural Networks and Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) in developinga speech generation system that deep learns one text and then generates new text. This research looks intothe generation of English transcripts of Narendra Modi’s speeches. The generated text using LSTM andGRU models has great potential. The output resulted by RNN is less realistic and pragmatic, but itsvariants LSTM and GRU performed better. Though the grammatical correctness and the sentencetransitions were absent in generated text of LSTM and GRU, but their output is somewhat logical ascompared to RNN. LSTM and GRU performed better as it generated more realistic text and training lossis small, perplexity is small and mean probability is high compared to RNN. \u0000","PeriodicalId":214405,"journal":{"name":"Vidyodaya Journal of Science","volume":"10 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"113957153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-31DOI: 10.31357/vjs.v25i02.6170
Bandula Wijay
It is human behaviour to gravitate towards silos-type living and is quite evidenced by humanhistory. However, such a type of living and attitude does not support modernization through innovation toprovide a better living for humans. Even in the past, the concept of silo-type divisions did not providerapid development. Still, it was only after the humans came out of the silos, at least in part and startedcollaborating with each other the development started taking shape.
{"title":"Effect of Silos on Innovation","authors":"Bandula Wijay","doi":"10.31357/vjs.v25i02.6170","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31357/vjs.v25i02.6170","url":null,"abstract":"It is human behaviour to gravitate towards silos-type living and is quite evidenced by humanhistory. However, such a type of living and attitude does not support modernization through innovation toprovide a better living for humans. Even in the past, the concept of silo-type divisions did not providerapid development. Still, it was only after the humans came out of the silos, at least in part and startedcollaborating with each other the development started taking shape.","PeriodicalId":214405,"journal":{"name":"Vidyodaya Journal of Science","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134598250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The study aims to assess the food safety knowledge of restaurant owners/head chefs and toinvestigate the current level of implementation of Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) in restaurants inKegalle District, Sri Lanka. Data were collected from a convenient sample of 100 respondents (50 ownersand 50 head chefs) of 50 restaurants in the Kegalle District using both researcher and self-administeredquestionnaires. The collected data were analyzed using Minitab (16/17) and the Microsoft Excel softwarepackages. The General and in-depth food safety knowledge of the respondents were tested using a selfadministeredquestionnaire which consisted of 24 questions. The GMP implementation was evaluatedusing a checklist consisting of 40 major Good Manufacturing Practices. The results indicate that the foodsafety knowledge of the respondents (restaurant owners and head chefs) increased with their educationlevel and level of training. The mean in-depth knowledge score of the respondents was significantlydifferent (p < 0.05) from that of their mean general knowledge of food safety. Results indicate that 22%of the respondents have never attended any training sessions or open seminars related to food safety andshowed poor knowledge, especially on aspects such as correct temperature control during handling food.The level of GMP implementation increased with restaurant owners' in-depth and total food safetyknowledge. The food safety knowledge of head chefs did not seem to affect the level of GMPimplementation at restaurants. Since the GMP implementation at restaurants is mostly affected by therestaurant owner’s knowledge and skills, the authors recommend conducting training sessions or openseminars to upgrade their in-depth and total knowledge of food safety.
{"title":"Assessment of Food Safety Knowledge of Food Handlers and the Level of Implementation of Good Manufacturing Practices at Restaurants in Kegalle District, Sri Lanka","authors":"Lahiru Chandoda Nawarathne, Piyumi Chathurangi Wanniarachchi, Hashan Savinda Peiris, Piumi De. Abrew Abeysundara","doi":"10.31357/vjs.v25i02.6175","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31357/vjs.v25i02.6175","url":null,"abstract":"The study aims to assess the food safety knowledge of restaurant owners/head chefs and toinvestigate the current level of implementation of Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) in restaurants inKegalle District, Sri Lanka. Data were collected from a convenient sample of 100 respondents (50 ownersand 50 head chefs) of 50 restaurants in the Kegalle District using both researcher and self-administeredquestionnaires. The collected data were analyzed using Minitab (16/17) and the Microsoft Excel softwarepackages. The General and in-depth food safety knowledge of the respondents were tested using a selfadministeredquestionnaire which consisted of 24 questions. The GMP implementation was evaluatedusing a checklist consisting of 40 major Good Manufacturing Practices. The results indicate that the foodsafety knowledge of the respondents (restaurant owners and head chefs) increased with their educationlevel and level of training. The mean in-depth knowledge score of the respondents was significantlydifferent (p < 0.05) from that of their mean general knowledge of food safety. Results indicate that 22%of the respondents have never attended any training sessions or open seminars related to food safety andshowed poor knowledge, especially on aspects such as correct temperature control during handling food.The level of GMP implementation increased with restaurant owners' in-depth and total food safetyknowledge. The food safety knowledge of head chefs did not seem to affect the level of GMPimplementation at restaurants. Since the GMP implementation at restaurants is mostly affected by therestaurant owner’s knowledge and skills, the authors recommend conducting training sessions or openseminars to upgrade their in-depth and total knowledge of food safety.","PeriodicalId":214405,"journal":{"name":"Vidyodaya Journal of Science","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134059126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-31DOI: 10.31357/vjs.v25i02.6171
Upali Samarajeewa
Research is a life-long activity generating new knowledge for the benefit of mankind. It aims atnew trends, new processes, new products and new activities adding value to human life. Universities ascenters for generation and dissemination of knowledge possess the advantage of having active youngminds willing to take challenges and curious to move in new directions under the guidance of well-read,experienced and disciplined senior Faculty. A perfect blend of the two groups could lead to success inresearch. Research is an unending knowledge hunt by the intellectuals through the exercise of their mindsto be converted into new practices.
{"title":"The Researcher and the Future","authors":"Upali Samarajeewa","doi":"10.31357/vjs.v25i02.6171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31357/vjs.v25i02.6171","url":null,"abstract":"Research is a life-long activity generating new knowledge for the benefit of mankind. It aims atnew trends, new processes, new products and new activities adding value to human life. Universities ascenters for generation and dissemination of knowledge possess the advantage of having active youngminds willing to take challenges and curious to move in new directions under the guidance of well-read,experienced and disciplined senior Faculty. A perfect blend of the two groups could lead to success inresearch. Research is an unending knowledge hunt by the intellectuals through the exercise of their mindsto be converted into new practices.","PeriodicalId":214405,"journal":{"name":"Vidyodaya Journal of Science","volume":"438 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122882900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-31DOI: 10.31357/vjs.v25i02.6177
S. Sivaramanan, S.W. Kotagama
The study depicts the links between man-made environmental issues based on cause-and-effectrelationships from real-world examples. For instance, man-made climate change is caused primarily bydeforestation, draining of wetlands, intensive farming, and air pollution (greenhouse gas emission).Besides, every anthropogenic environmental problem may cause various other environmental problems,such as air pollution causes ocean acidification, ozone depletion, acid rain, disease, and visual pollution(smog). Similarly, deforestation causes biodiversity loss, land degradation, and human-animal conflict.About 255 links were examined among 40 identified environmental issues. In this web, certain causativeenvironmental problems establish keystone links. Keystone environmental problems were identified fromthe concept map based on the criteria given by the following approach. When mitigating a man-madeenvironmental problem, if it results in the permanent disappearance of one or more man-madeenvironmental problems, then that mitigated problem can be considered a keystone environmentalproblem. To be specific, a complete dependency of the resulting environmental problem/s on the parentenvironmental problem has enabled the parent environmental problem to be considered a keystoneenvironmental problem. This is because if the causative parent issue gets solved, then the resultingoffspring/s cannot exist. Eight man-made environmental problems were found as keystones, such as airpollution, deforestation, population explosion, overexploitation of natural resources, global energy crisis,intensive farming, water pollution-water scarcity, and urbanization (industrialization)-urban sprawlsettlements. Keywords: environment, environmental problems, manmade environmental problems, keystoneenvironmental problems, interconnected environmental problems
{"title":"Investigation into the Interconnected Nature of Environmental Problems and Identifying Keystone Environmental Problems","authors":"S. Sivaramanan, S.W. Kotagama","doi":"10.31357/vjs.v25i02.6177","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31357/vjs.v25i02.6177","url":null,"abstract":"The study depicts the links between man-made environmental issues based on cause-and-effectrelationships from real-world examples. For instance, man-made climate change is caused primarily bydeforestation, draining of wetlands, intensive farming, and air pollution (greenhouse gas emission).Besides, every anthropogenic environmental problem may cause various other environmental problems,such as air pollution causes ocean acidification, ozone depletion, acid rain, disease, and visual pollution(smog). Similarly, deforestation causes biodiversity loss, land degradation, and human-animal conflict.About 255 links were examined among 40 identified environmental issues. In this web, certain causativeenvironmental problems establish keystone links. Keystone environmental problems were identified fromthe concept map based on the criteria given by the following approach. When mitigating a man-madeenvironmental problem, if it results in the permanent disappearance of one or more man-madeenvironmental problems, then that mitigated problem can be considered a keystone environmentalproblem. To be specific, a complete dependency of the resulting environmental problem/s on the parentenvironmental problem has enabled the parent environmental problem to be considered a keystoneenvironmental problem. This is because if the causative parent issue gets solved, then the resultingoffspring/s cannot exist. Eight man-made environmental problems were found as keystones, such as airpollution, deforestation, population explosion, overexploitation of natural resources, global energy crisis,intensive farming, water pollution-water scarcity, and urbanization (industrialization)-urban sprawlsettlements. \u0000Keywords: environment, environmental problems, manmade environmental problems, keystoneenvironmental problems, interconnected environmental problems","PeriodicalId":214405,"journal":{"name":"Vidyodaya Journal of Science","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116941214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-31DOI: 10.31357/vjs.v25i02.6172
Shyamal Mondal
Improving nutritional efficiency (NUE) by endangering environmental quality has been a centralissue for agricultural food production (FPS) programs in order to sustain the growing population.Nanotechnology with nanoscale inputs for the production of nano agri-inputs (NAIPs) has alreadyemerged as an important solution to address the problem of low or moderate nutrient utilization withminimal environmental impact. Recently, a few new hybrid nanofertilizer (HNF) formulations have beendeveloped for biofortification and sustainable agriculture. Urea-modified hydroxyapatite was reported,which is a rich source of nitrogen, calcium, and phosphate. Gehan Amaratunga of the University ofCambridge has stated, “such fertilizers could reduce runoff and lead to harmful algal blooms in waterbodies”. The NAE (N Agronomic use Efficiency) for the urea-HA nanohybrids is 48%, while the NAEfor pure urea is 18%, at the field level. However, these fertilizers are expensive and have not been shownto be commercially viable up to date. Recently, nanoparticles such as copper, iron, and zinc wereincorporated into urea-modified hydroxyapatite to further increase the efficiency of the proposed fertilizer.
{"title":"A Review: Nanofertilizers for the Biofortification and Sustainable Agriculture","authors":"Shyamal Mondal","doi":"10.31357/vjs.v25i02.6172","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31357/vjs.v25i02.6172","url":null,"abstract":"Improving nutritional efficiency (NUE) by endangering environmental quality has been a centralissue for agricultural food production (FPS) programs in order to sustain the growing population.Nanotechnology with nanoscale inputs for the production of nano agri-inputs (NAIPs) has alreadyemerged as an important solution to address the problem of low or moderate nutrient utilization withminimal environmental impact. Recently, a few new hybrid nanofertilizer (HNF) formulations have beendeveloped for biofortification and sustainable agriculture. Urea-modified hydroxyapatite was reported,which is a rich source of nitrogen, calcium, and phosphate. Gehan Amaratunga of the University ofCambridge has stated, “such fertilizers could reduce runoff and lead to harmful algal blooms in waterbodies”. The NAE (N Agronomic use Efficiency) for the urea-HA nanohybrids is 48%, while the NAEfor pure urea is 18%, at the field level. However, these fertilizers are expensive and have not been shownto be commercially viable up to date. Recently, nanoparticles such as copper, iron, and zinc wereincorporated into urea-modified hydroxyapatite to further increase the efficiency of the proposed fertilizer. \u0000","PeriodicalId":214405,"journal":{"name":"Vidyodaya Journal of Science","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129544739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-31DOI: 10.31357/vjs.v25i02.6173
U. R. Yamasinghe, D. Gunawardana
There are 22 recorded wild rice species on earth, of which 5 are found in Sri Lanka. Knowledgeon the endophytic diazotrophs of wild rice species, which can be adopted for paddy cultivation, is still ata fledgling stage of discovery. The identification of stably maintained endophytic diazotrophic bacteria inthe genus Oryza requires further attention, especially due to skyrocketing global prices of chemicalfertilizers. The main objective of our study was the isolation and characterization of endophytic and rootsurfacecolonizing nitrogen fixers from three distinct wild rice species found in Sri Lanka, namely Oryzaeichingeri, Oryza granulata and Oryza nivara. Endophytic nitrogen fixers were isolated from surface–sterilized stems, leaves, and roots, while root surface colonizing bacteria were isolated from washed roots.There were eleven endophytic bacteria and four root surface colonizing bacteria isolated by using nitrogenfreeyeast mannitol/malate agar plates; six isolates from O. granulata, five isolates from O. eichingeri andfour isolates from O. nivara. Out of the 15 isolates, 13 were Gram negative and 2 stained Gram positive.Six of the eleven isolates secreted three enzymes tested, primarily pectinases, proteases, and cellulases,suggesting their prospective involvement in endophytic lifestyles. Most isolates showed either bulls eyes,dendritic or featureless patterns of swarming chemotaxis for the chemoattractant proline, a commonpromoter of bacterial motility. We also tested the genomes of the isolates for the presence of the nifH gene.DNA from seven isolates gave a PCR amplicon of the expected size (360 bp) using universal nifH primers,which proves that the genetic foundation for the production of nitrogenase reductase subunit was found inthese seven isolates. We also tested each of the bacterial isolates against a devastating fungal pathogen ofrice (Rhizoctonia solani). We found 4 potential candidates that show partial inhibitory activity against thegrowth of this rice sheath blight causative agent.
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