Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.15446/rfnam.v76n3.105392
María de las Mercedes Longás, Sebastián Viera, Nelson Alen Rodríguez, Juan Pablo D'´Amico, Mario Ricardo Sabbatini
In fragile environments, no-tillage (0T) instead of conventional tillage (CT) is desirable to prevent agroecosystem degradation, but there is little information on its implementation in horticulture. This study aimed to investigate the effects of replacing CT with 0T on floristic composition and weed emergence dynamics in a garlic crop, under the hypothesis that the implementation of a 0T system alters the weed community during the initial stage of the transition. Two experiments were carried out following a randomized complete block design with two treatments (garlic crop grown under 0T and CT). In two subsampling per plot, biweekly destructive weed surveys were carried out. Although both tillage systems presented a similar diversity between systems, these weed communities varied by 36% in their species identity, and it was recorded a higher total weed density under CT (P>0.05). Under 0T, anemophilous Asteraceae, such as Conyza bonariensis and Sonchus oleraceus, tended to increase their presence. Under CT, there was a greater amount of indehiscent fruiting Brassicaceae such as Raphanus sativus and Rapistrum rugosum. The implementation of Vicia villosa as a predecessor crop led to many births due to its capacity for natural reseeding. It is concluded that there are important changes in the species composition and weed emergence patterns immediately after the implementation of 0T compared to CT, suggesting that the filtering pressures exerted by each tillage system favor certain weed species over others. By understanding weed community shifts and critical stages of weed emergence, farmers can improve herbicide application, thereby reducing the excessive use of chemicals and minimizing environmental impact. In addition, this information can help to schedule labor and machinery more efficiently, saving time and production costs.
{"title":"Effect of the tillage system on the floristic composition and the emergence of weeds in Allium sativum","authors":"María de las Mercedes Longás, Sebastián Viera, Nelson Alen Rodríguez, Juan Pablo D'´Amico, Mario Ricardo Sabbatini","doi":"10.15446/rfnam.v76n3.105392","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/rfnam.v76n3.105392","url":null,"abstract":"In fragile environments, no-tillage (0T) instead of conventional tillage (CT) is desirable to prevent agroecosystem degradation, but there is little information on its implementation in horticulture. This study aimed to investigate the effects of replacing CT with 0T on floristic composition and weed emergence dynamics in a garlic crop, under the hypothesis that the implementation of a 0T system alters the weed community during the initial stage of the transition. Two experiments were carried out following a randomized complete block design with two treatments (garlic crop grown under 0T and CT). In two subsampling per plot, biweekly destructive weed surveys were carried out. Although both tillage systems presented a similar diversity between systems, these weed communities varied by 36% in their species identity, and it was recorded a higher total weed density under CT (P>0.05). Under 0T, anemophilous Asteraceae, such as Conyza bonariensis and Sonchus oleraceus, tended to increase their presence. Under CT, there was a greater amount of indehiscent fruiting Brassicaceae such as Raphanus sativus and Rapistrum rugosum. The implementation of Vicia villosa as a predecessor crop led to many births due to its capacity for natural reseeding. It is concluded that there are important changes in the species composition and weed emergence patterns immediately after the implementation of 0T compared to CT, suggesting that the filtering pressures exerted by each tillage system favor certain weed species over others. By understanding weed community shifts and critical stages of weed emergence, farmers can improve herbicide application, thereby reducing the excessive use of chemicals and minimizing environmental impact. In addition, this information can help to schedule labor and machinery more efficiently, saving time and production costs.","PeriodicalId":21444,"journal":{"name":"Revista Facultad Nacional de Agronomía","volume":"87 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134995000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.15446/rfnam.v76n3.104812
Leonora Rodríguez Polanco, Paula Bermeo Fúquene, Edinson Bayardo Parra Alferes, Jose Dimas Segura Amaya
Black pod disease (BPD) is a severe biotic disorder affecting cacao trees in tropical regions generating an estimated global production reduction of approximately 20 to 30%. Accordingly, this study aimed to investigate the correlation between two artificial inoculation methods for Phytophthora palmivora and their potential association with natural infection in cacao clones. Incidence (%) and severity in detached pods (average lesion diameter) and leaf discs (disease severity index) were evaluated. The inoculation in pods at 6 DAI (Days After Inoculation) indicated the highest lesion diameter values for clone CCN51 (9.83 cm); hence, it was categorized as the most susceptible. Conversely, clones IMC67 (5.30 cm) and PA46 (5.27 cm), with the lowest lesion diameter values, were classified as moderately susceptible. Similar outcomes were observed in the leaf disc infection test, corroborating the susceptibility categorization of all six clones at 10 DAI. The leaf disc infection method showed a significantly positive correlation with the detached pod infection method, highlighting the feasibility of employing leaf inoculation to classify clones based on their susceptibility to BPD. Significant differences in aggressiveness were established between the isolates from different Colombian cacao regions. These findings were consistently reflected in the field, where the CCN51 clone exhibited the highest susceptibility compared to TSH565 and ICS95. This research proposes using the leaf technique to assess the aggressivity of Phytophthora palmivora isolates in cacao trees in Colombia.
{"title":"Resistance estimation to Phytophthora palmivora in cacao genotypes using artificial inoculation and natural infection in the field","authors":"Leonora Rodríguez Polanco, Paula Bermeo Fúquene, Edinson Bayardo Parra Alferes, Jose Dimas Segura Amaya","doi":"10.15446/rfnam.v76n3.104812","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/rfnam.v76n3.104812","url":null,"abstract":"Black pod disease (BPD) is a severe biotic disorder affecting cacao trees in tropical regions generating an estimated global production reduction of approximately 20 to 30%. Accordingly, this study aimed to investigate the correlation between two artificial inoculation methods for Phytophthora palmivora and their potential association with natural infection in cacao clones. Incidence (%) and severity in detached pods (average lesion diameter) and leaf discs (disease severity index) were evaluated. The inoculation in pods at 6 DAI (Days After Inoculation) indicated the highest lesion diameter values for clone CCN51 (9.83 cm); hence, it was categorized as the most susceptible. Conversely, clones IMC67 (5.30 cm) and PA46 (5.27 cm), with the lowest lesion diameter values, were classified as moderately susceptible. Similar outcomes were observed in the leaf disc infection test, corroborating the susceptibility categorization of all six clones at 10 DAI. The leaf disc infection method showed a significantly positive correlation with the detached pod infection method, highlighting the feasibility of employing leaf inoculation to classify clones based on their susceptibility to BPD. Significant differences in aggressiveness were established between the isolates from different Colombian cacao regions. These findings were consistently reflected in the field, where the CCN51 clone exhibited the highest susceptibility compared to TSH565 and ICS95. This research proposes using the leaf technique to assess the aggressivity of Phytophthora palmivora isolates in cacao trees in Colombia.","PeriodicalId":21444,"journal":{"name":"Revista Facultad Nacional de Agronomía","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134995005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.15446/rfnam.v76n3.102852
Henry Andres Mejía Londoño, Carlos Felipe Barrera-Sánchez, Oscar de Jesús Córdoba Gaona
Cannabis sativa is a widely studied species and is currently accepted worldwide due to its medicinal properties, especially those conferred to the CBD phytocannabinoid, which is synthesized mainly in the globular trichomes of female flowers. Males are undesirable and rare in commercial plantations; however, they are necessary for breeding programs. This research aimed to evaluate sexual reversion methods in female cannabis plants as a preliminary stage of a plant breeding program. A completely randomized design with eight treatments and four repetitions was used. The treatments consisted of protocols for the sexual reversion of female plants through drip application and foliar spraying of Silver Thiosulfate (STS), Aminoethoxy-vinyl-glycine (AVG), 1-Methylcyclopropene (1-MCP), and Gibberellic acid (AG3), plus a control treatment without application. Male flower production was evaluated in female cannabis plants, and pollen viability in male flowers was determined. The AVG treatments applied to the apex by dripping, and the AG3 applied to the foliage in the form of a spray influenced the sexual reversion of female plants and produced a total of 132 and 32 male flowers, respectively, without difference between them (P=0.08383). For AVG dripping, only male flowers were observed at the apex, where the application was made directly. Moreover, STS and 1-MCP did not induce the production of male flowers. The pollen from male plants treated with AG3 in spray, and AVG dripping showed high viability (>50%), contrary to the low viability observed in plants treated with AGC applied in spray. The plants treated with AG3 (spray) were higher due to the elongation of the internodes. The AVG and AG3 compounds are effective in the sexual reversion of female cannabis and generate male flowers with viable pollen.
{"title":"Sex reversal in female cannabis plants as a in response to male flowering promoters","authors":"Henry Andres Mejía Londoño, Carlos Felipe Barrera-Sánchez, Oscar de Jesús Córdoba Gaona","doi":"10.15446/rfnam.v76n3.102852","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/rfnam.v76n3.102852","url":null,"abstract":"Cannabis sativa is a widely studied species and is currently accepted worldwide due to its medicinal properties, especially those conferred to the CBD phytocannabinoid, which is synthesized mainly in the globular trichomes of female flowers. Males are undesirable and rare in commercial plantations; however, they are necessary for breeding programs. This research aimed to evaluate sexual reversion methods in female cannabis plants as a preliminary stage of a plant breeding program. A completely randomized design with eight treatments and four repetitions was used. The treatments consisted of protocols for the sexual reversion of female plants through drip application and foliar spraying of Silver Thiosulfate (STS), Aminoethoxy-vinyl-glycine (AVG), 1-Methylcyclopropene (1-MCP), and Gibberellic acid (AG3), plus a control treatment without application. Male flower production was evaluated in female cannabis plants, and pollen viability in male flowers was determined. The AVG treatments applied to the apex by dripping, and the AG3 applied to the foliage in the form of a spray influenced the sexual reversion of female plants and produced a total of 132 and 32 male flowers, respectively, without difference between them (P=0.08383). For AVG dripping, only male flowers were observed at the apex, where the application was made directly. Moreover, STS and 1-MCP did not induce the production of male flowers. The pollen from male plants treated with AG3 in spray, and AVG dripping showed high viability (>50%), contrary to the low viability observed in plants treated with AGC applied in spray. The plants treated with AG3 (spray) were higher due to the elongation of the internodes. The AVG and AG3 compounds are effective in the sexual reversion of female cannabis and generate male flowers with viable pollen.","PeriodicalId":21444,"journal":{"name":"Revista Facultad Nacional de Agronomía","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134995002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Drying is the most important stage for maintaining coffee quality. The temperature conditions at which drying is performed can affect bean integrity. This research was developed with the aim of determining the effect of mechanical drying air temperature on the quality of coffee during storage and verifying its effect on the generation of bleached beans evaluating two air temperatures at 50 and 40 °C, and solar drying was used as a control, using an experimental design of random blocks with 10 blocks. The response variables were related to beans color and sensory quality. The analysis of repeated measures indicated that there were differences in the initial color of the coffee beans due to the effect of the treatments and the storage time. A greater magnitude of color change was obtained for coffee dried at 50 °C and that dried with solar drying. Germination was lower and different for the 50 °C treatment. This treatment also showed greater fat content since the beginning of the storage; meanwhile, the two other treatments just presented greater fat content at the end of the experiment. Regarding to sample proportion of clean cups, the multiple comparison Tukey–Kramer test was significantly different in terms of favoring solar drying at 40 °C. The effect of the drying conditions on beans has not been appreciated; however, the deterioration generated during this stage occurs during storage and manifests itself in a loss of quality, with an increase in defects.
{"title":"Influence of drying air temperature on coffee quality during storage","authors":"Aida Esther Peñuela Martínez, Juan Rodriguez Sanz Uribe, Rubén Darío Medina Rivera","doi":"10.15446/rfnam.v76n3.104115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/rfnam.v76n3.104115","url":null,"abstract":"Drying is the most important stage for maintaining coffee quality. The temperature conditions at which drying is performed can affect bean integrity. This research was developed with the aim of determining the effect of mechanical drying air temperature on the quality of coffee during storage and verifying its effect on the generation of bleached beans evaluating two air temperatures at 50 and 40 °C, and solar drying was used as a control, using an experimental design of random blocks with 10 blocks. The response variables were related to beans color and sensory quality. The analysis of repeated measures indicated that there were differences in the initial color of the coffee beans due to the effect of the treatments and the storage time. A greater magnitude of color change was obtained for coffee dried at 50 °C and that dried with solar drying. Germination was lower and different for the 50 °C treatment. This treatment also showed greater fat content since the beginning of the storage; meanwhile, the two other treatments just presented greater fat content at the end of the experiment. Regarding to sample proportion of clean cups, the multiple comparison Tukey–Kramer test was significantly different in terms of favoring solar drying at 40 °C. The effect of the drying conditions on beans has not been appreciated; however, the deterioration generated during this stage occurs during storage and manifests itself in a loss of quality, with an increase in defects.","PeriodicalId":21444,"journal":{"name":"Revista Facultad Nacional de Agronomía","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134995001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.15446/rfnam.v76n3.105714
Djair Felix da Silva, Luiz Antônio Dos Santos Dias, Fábio Santos Matos
In plants, several chemical elements are found in different concentrations and formulations. Some of these elements influence each other, either through positive stimulation or inhibition. This study evaluated the correlation between nutrient contents and production components of Jatropha (Jatropha curcas L.). The experiment was conducted at the Federal University of Viçosa-MG, Brazil. A randomized block design with four replications was used. The treatments consisted of six Jatropha clones transplanted 4.5 years ago, from the municipalities of Janaúba and Bomfim, in Minas Gerais, Brazil. Yield was determined by harvesting the ripe and dried fruits, and the oil and protein contents in the grains were obtained by nuclear magnetic resonance. To determine nutrient contents, leaves were collected when the plants were in flowering, with yellow fruits and when the fruits were dry. There was a significant and negative association between grain yield and Mg content. Regarding foliar nutrient contents, the positive (r) significant correlations were between the following pairs: (N and S, r=0.554); (N and Cu, r=0.460); (P and Ca, r=0.420); (K and Zn, r=0.511); (K and Cu, r=0.506); (Ca and Mg, r=0.603); (Zn and Fe, r=0.662); (Zn and Mn, r=0.795); (Zn and Cu, r=0.574); (Fe and Mn, r=0.528) and (Mn and Cu, r=0.479); and the negative ones were between: (K and Ca, r=-0.596); (K and Mg, r=-0.673); (Mg and Cu, r=-0.506). Therefore, it was possible to prove the existence of nutritional interaction between some elements, as well as the effects on grain yields. This research will serve as a basis for studies to recommend fertilizer doses, plant improvement through nutritional efficiency, and studies in the area of biochemistry.
{"title":"Correlation between leaf nutrient contents and grain, oil and protein productivities in Jatropha curcas L","authors":"Djair Felix da Silva, Luiz Antônio Dos Santos Dias, Fábio Santos Matos","doi":"10.15446/rfnam.v76n3.105714","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/rfnam.v76n3.105714","url":null,"abstract":"In plants, several chemical elements are found in different concentrations and formulations. Some of these elements influence each other, either through positive stimulation or inhibition. This study evaluated the correlation between nutrient contents and production components of Jatropha (Jatropha curcas L.). The experiment was conducted at the Federal University of Viçosa-MG, Brazil. A randomized block design with four replications was used. The treatments consisted of six Jatropha clones transplanted 4.5 years ago, from the municipalities of Janaúba and Bomfim, in Minas Gerais, Brazil. Yield was determined by harvesting the ripe and dried fruits, and the oil and protein contents in the grains were obtained by nuclear magnetic resonance. To determine nutrient contents, leaves were collected when the plants were in flowering, with yellow fruits and when the fruits were dry. There was a significant and negative association between grain yield and Mg content. Regarding foliar nutrient contents, the positive (r) significant correlations were between the following pairs: (N and S, r=0.554); (N and Cu, r=0.460); (P and Ca, r=0.420); (K and Zn, r=0.511); (K and Cu, r=0.506); (Ca and Mg, r=0.603); (Zn and Fe, r=0.662); (Zn and Mn, r=0.795); (Zn and Cu, r=0.574); (Fe and Mn, r=0.528) and (Mn and Cu, r=0.479); and the negative ones were between: (K and Ca, r=-0.596); (K and Mg, r=-0.673); (Mg and Cu, r=-0.506). Therefore, it was possible to prove the existence of nutritional interaction between some elements, as well as the effects on grain yields. This research will serve as a basis for studies to recommend fertilizer doses, plant improvement through nutritional efficiency, and studies in the area of biochemistry.","PeriodicalId":21444,"journal":{"name":"Revista Facultad Nacional de Agronomía","volume":"2013 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134995007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Banana (Musa sp.) crops have one of the greatest economic impacts in Colombia, with an estimated production of 2.2 million tons in 2019. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of three antibrowning solutions: S1 (citric acid), S2 (citric acid + ascorbic acid), and S3 (citric acid + ascorbic acid + sodium metabisulfite) on the color, moisture, aw, pH, and acidity characteristics of flour from rejected green bananas. No significant differences were found (P>0.05). The values of a* and b* in all samples were in the grey zone. L* and WI presented values close to 50, which could be defined as a flour in a medium range of clarity. The citric acid anti-browning solution was selected based on criteria such as cost and availability. The second part of the study assessed the effect of the storage time (1, 3, 5, 7, 9 and 11 days) at 7 °C on the color and texture of fresh bananas; and pH, instrumental, and sensory color of banana flour. There were differences noticeable for the human eye in the color (ΔE) of the peel from day 3 compared to day 1; while in the pulp, these changes were observed from day 7. Statistically significant differences in instrumental and sensory color properties of banana flour were observed after day 7 (P<0.05). The maximum storage time at 7 °C of fresh green bananas to produce banana flour should not exceed 7 days because color may be affected.
{"title":"Effect of low-temperature storage time on rejected green banana for flour production","authors":"Yamilé Jaramillo Garcés, Miguel Sacchet Pérez, Gustavo Manjarres Pinzon, Katherine Manjarres Pinzon, Guillermo Correa Londoño, Eduardo Rodriguez Sandoval","doi":"10.15446/rfnam.v76n3.105789","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/rfnam.v76n3.105789","url":null,"abstract":"Banana (Musa sp.) crops have one of the greatest economic impacts in Colombia, with an estimated production of 2.2 million tons in 2019. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of three antibrowning solutions: S1 (citric acid), S2 (citric acid + ascorbic acid), and S3 (citric acid + ascorbic acid + sodium metabisulfite) on the color, moisture, aw, pH, and acidity characteristics of flour from rejected green bananas. No significant differences were found (P>0.05). The values of a* and b* in all samples were in the grey zone. L* and WI presented values close to 50, which could be defined as a flour in a medium range of clarity. The citric acid anti-browning solution was selected based on criteria such as cost and availability. The second part of the study assessed the effect of the storage time (1, 3, 5, 7, 9 and 11 days) at 7 °C on the color and texture of fresh bananas; and pH, instrumental, and sensory color of banana flour. There were differences noticeable for the human eye in the color (ΔE) of the peel from day 3 compared to day 1; while in the pulp, these changes were observed from day 7. Statistically significant differences in instrumental and sensory color properties of banana flour were observed after day 7 (P<0.05). The maximum storage time at 7 °C of fresh green bananas to produce banana flour should not exceed 7 days because color may be affected.","PeriodicalId":21444,"journal":{"name":"Revista Facultad Nacional de Agronomía","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134994999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.15446/rfnam.v76n3.104708
Didik Wahyudi, Ihda Ummu Aufa, Lia Hapsari
Banana bunchy top virus (BBTV) molecular detection and understanding its origin are important issues for mitigating future spread. The aim of this study was to molecularly detect BBTV infection and analyze the characteristic also phylogenetic of banana isolates from East Java Indonesia. Two BBTV asymptomatic wild bananas and two BBTV symptomatic banana cultivars were examined. PCR amplifications were accomplished using BBTV DNA-R primers for master replication initiation protein. Sequences evaluations were conducted in SeqScanner. Sequences identification was performed in nucleotide BLAST. Translation of ORFs was determined using ORF Finder server tool. Protein identification was conducted in protein BLAST. Sequences polymorphisms were analyzed using DnaSP6. Phylogenetic analysis was employed using Neighbor-Joining algorithm with Kimura two-parameter (K2P) substitution model in MEGA7. Results showed that BBTV DNA-R components were detected in all isolates and confirmed as Rep protein. The sequences length were varied from 616 to 1,074 bp, low GC content (42.90%) and low conservation (56.47%). Asymptomatic wild bananas generated shorter length and more variable sequences, presumably related to the resistance mechanism. Phylogenetic analysis of BBTV DNA-R East Java with other 38 homolog sequences worldwide were found clustered in Asian Group, closely related to Vietnam, Thailand, and China. Hence, it presumably originated from China mainland via Malay Peninsula route.
{"title":"Phylogenetic analysis and molecular characterization of BBTV DNA-R of wild and cultivated banana isolates from East Java, Indonesia","authors":"Didik Wahyudi, Ihda Ummu Aufa, Lia Hapsari","doi":"10.15446/rfnam.v76n3.104708","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/rfnam.v76n3.104708","url":null,"abstract":"Banana bunchy top virus (BBTV) molecular detection and understanding its origin are important issues for mitigating future spread. The aim of this study was to molecularly detect BBTV infection and analyze the characteristic also phylogenetic of banana isolates from East Java Indonesia. Two BBTV asymptomatic wild bananas and two BBTV symptomatic banana cultivars were examined. PCR amplifications were accomplished using BBTV DNA-R primers for master replication initiation protein. Sequences evaluations were conducted in SeqScanner. Sequences identification was performed in nucleotide BLAST. Translation of ORFs was determined using ORF Finder server tool. Protein identification was conducted in protein BLAST. Sequences polymorphisms were analyzed using DnaSP6. Phylogenetic analysis was employed using Neighbor-Joining algorithm with Kimura two-parameter (K2P) substitution model in MEGA7. Results showed that BBTV DNA-R components were detected in all isolates and confirmed as Rep protein. The sequences length were varied from 616 to 1,074 bp, low GC content (42.90%) and low conservation (56.47%). Asymptomatic wild bananas generated shorter length and more variable sequences, presumably related to the resistance mechanism. Phylogenetic analysis of BBTV DNA-R East Java with other 38 homolog sequences worldwide were found clustered in Asian Group, closely related to Vietnam, Thailand, and China. Hence, it presumably originated from China mainland via Malay Peninsula route.","PeriodicalId":21444,"journal":{"name":"Revista Facultad Nacional de Agronomía","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134995004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.15446/rfnam.v76n3.102451
Lucas Esteban Cano Gallego, Álvaro de Jesús Tamayo Molano, Carolina Ortiz Muñoz, Juan Camilo Henao Rojas
With the purpose to define the appropriate doses in the production of mint cultivation, this research was conducted in three locations (Gibraltar, Arboleda and Aguacatal) of the municipality of Jardín, Antioquia. The soils of these localities are andisols, with medium contents of organic matter, low in interchangeable bases, low in phosphorus and boron, with characteristics of low fertility. For this research, Mentha spicata L. (mint) was seeded at a distance of 0.3x0.3 m, in an experimental design of randomized complete blocks with four repetitions, with five increasing doses of compound fertilizer (10-30-10) (0, 60, 120, 180, and 240 kg ha-1), in combination of five increasing doses of organic fertilizer (0, 1.8, 3.6, 5.4, and 7 t ha-1), and one control with a biological fertilizer. In five foliage harvests, the highest dry matter (DM) yields were achieved with the application of 180 and 120 kg ha-1 of 10-30-10, with yields of 156 and 158 g of DM per square meter, respectively.
为了确定薄荷种植生产中的适当剂量，这项研究在安蒂奥基亚Jardín市的三个地点(直布罗陀、阿尔博莱达和阿瓜卡塔尔)进行。这些地区的土壤为中质土壤，有机质含量中等，可交换碱含量低，磷硼含量低，具有低肥力特征。本研究以薄荷(Mentha spicata L.，薄荷)为研究对象，采用4个重复的随机完整小区设计，在0.3 × 0.3 m处播种，施用5个增加剂量的复合肥(10-30-10)(0、60、120、180和240 kg ha-1)，同时施用5个增加剂量的有机肥(0、1.8、3.6、5.4和7 t ha-1)，并以生物肥作为对照。在5个叶片收获中，施用10-30-10处理180和120 kg hm -1的干物质产量最高，每平方米干物质产量分别为156和158 g。
{"title":"Response of mint (Mentha spicata L.) crops to chemical and organic fertilization","authors":"Lucas Esteban Cano Gallego, Álvaro de Jesús Tamayo Molano, Carolina Ortiz Muñoz, Juan Camilo Henao Rojas","doi":"10.15446/rfnam.v76n3.102451","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/rfnam.v76n3.102451","url":null,"abstract":"With the purpose to define the appropriate doses in the production of mint cultivation, this research was conducted in three locations (Gibraltar, Arboleda and Aguacatal) of the municipality of Jardín, Antioquia. The soils of these localities are andisols, with medium contents of organic matter, low in interchangeable bases, low in phosphorus and boron, with characteristics of low fertility. For this research, Mentha spicata L. (mint) was seeded at a distance of 0.3x0.3 m, in an experimental design of randomized complete blocks with four repetitions, with five increasing doses of compound fertilizer (10-30-10) (0, 60, 120, 180, and 240 kg ha-1), in combination of five increasing doses of organic fertilizer (0, 1.8, 3.6, 5.4, and 7 t ha-1), and one control with a biological fertilizer. In five foliage harvests, the highest dry matter (DM) yields were achieved with the application of 180 and 120 kg ha-1 of 10-30-10, with yields of 156 and 158 g of DM per square meter, respectively.","PeriodicalId":21444,"journal":{"name":"Revista Facultad Nacional de Agronomía","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134994998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.15446/rfnam.v76n3.105693
Perfecto Chagua Rodríguez, Rafael Julián Malpartida Yapias, Elmer Robert Torres Gutiérrez, Grimaldo Wilfredo Quispe Santivañez, Guillermo Alberto Linares Luján, Meliza Lindsay Rojas
This study aimed to develop a beverage with functional and nutritional properties based on fermented whey and Andean fruit juices by using a simple-lattice mixture desing. The used proportions varied from 0.5 to 0.8 fermented whey, and from 0.1 to 0.4 for goldenberry (Physalis peruviana L.) and tumbo (Passiflora mollissima) juices, respectively. The influence of the mixture was analyzed on physicochemical and sensorial properties of beverages. It was evaluated that beverages contained protein, fat and acidity up to 1.92, 0.25, and 2.15%, respectively. Furthermore, the maximum bioactive compounds content was 343.54x10-5 kg(GA) kg-1 (total phenolics), 0.52x10-3 kg (CE) kg-1 (total flavonoids), 65.41x10-5 kg(AA) L-1 (Vitamin C), and 105x10-3 kg(Trolox) kg-1 (antioxidant capacity). Regarding sensorial evaluation results, the beverage with 55% fermented whey, 30% goldenberry juice, and 15% tumbo juice showed the best scores in taste regarding taste, colour and overall acceptability. It was observed that an increase in the percentage of fermented whey above 60% has negative effects, on the contrary, an increase in the percentage of goldenberry juice has a positive effect on sensorial properties. Finally, by optimization of both protein content and overall acceptability, the formulation with 50% fermented whey, 40% goldenberry juice, and 10% tumbo juice was the optimal mixture. Therefore, fermented whey, goldenberry, and tumbo juices can be used to obtain a beverage with high nutritional and functional value.
{"title":"Development of a functional beverage based on fermented whey, goldenberry (Physalis peruviana L.), and tumbo (Passiflora mollissima)","authors":"Perfecto Chagua Rodríguez, Rafael Julián Malpartida Yapias, Elmer Robert Torres Gutiérrez, Grimaldo Wilfredo Quispe Santivañez, Guillermo Alberto Linares Luján, Meliza Lindsay Rojas","doi":"10.15446/rfnam.v76n3.105693","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/rfnam.v76n3.105693","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to develop a beverage with functional and nutritional properties based on fermented whey and Andean fruit juices by using a simple-lattice mixture desing. The used proportions varied from 0.5 to 0.8 fermented whey, and from 0.1 to 0.4 for goldenberry (Physalis peruviana L.) and tumbo (Passiflora mollissima) juices, respectively. The influence of the mixture was analyzed on physicochemical and sensorial properties of beverages. It was evaluated that beverages contained protein, fat and acidity up to 1.92, 0.25, and 2.15%, respectively. Furthermore, the maximum bioactive compounds content was 343.54x10-5 kg(GA) kg-1 (total phenolics), 0.52x10-3 kg (CE) kg-1 (total flavonoids), 65.41x10-5 kg(AA) L-1 (Vitamin C), and 105x10-3 kg(Trolox) kg-1 (antioxidant capacity). Regarding sensorial evaluation results, the beverage with 55% fermented whey, 30% goldenberry juice, and 15% tumbo juice showed the best scores in taste regarding taste, colour and overall acceptability. It was observed that an increase in the percentage of fermented whey above 60% has negative effects, on the contrary, an increase in the percentage of goldenberry juice has a positive effect on sensorial properties. Finally, by optimization of both protein content and overall acceptability, the formulation with 50% fermented whey, 40% goldenberry juice, and 10% tumbo juice was the optimal mixture. Therefore, fermented whey, goldenberry, and tumbo juices can be used to obtain a beverage with high nutritional and functional value.","PeriodicalId":21444,"journal":{"name":"Revista Facultad Nacional de Agronomía","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134995006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.15446/rfnam.v76n3.102634
Clara Inés Medina Cano, Gustavo Adolfo Ligarreto Moreno, Maria Orfilia Vargas Arcila
Agraz, mortiño, or Andean blueberry (Vaccinium meridionale Swartz) is a fruit tree with high potential for national consumption since it is considered a functional food due to its high content of anthocyanins and antioxidants. The morphological description in plants involves both characterization variables that are highly heritable and easily detectable, as well as evaluation variables influenced by the environment and useful for genetic breeding that, together, are called descriptors and allow knowing the variability of the species. The aim of this study was to develop a list of morphological descriptors with the inclusion of variables to characterize and evaluate Vaccinium meridionale Swartz. Observations were made in natural populations of 11 municipalities in Antioquia, three in Boyacá, one in Cundinamarca, two in Nariño, and one in Santander, Colombia, as well as in the ex situ collection established in Rionegro Antioquia, between 2005 to 2011. A descriptor with 38 quantitative, binary, and multi-state variables was developed. Seven of these variables were obtained at the plant level, 10 from the leaf, six from the flower, 14 from the fruit, and one from the seed. The application of the morphological descriptors in in situ and ex situ conditions reported high polymorphism in the qualitative traits and high variation between individuals for the quantitative variables in the collections under study. These variables are of taxonomic and agronomic importance in the knowledge of the species and are essential for producing and marketing the fruit.
{"title":"Proposal of descriptors to study the variability of Vaccinium meridionale Swartz","authors":"Clara Inés Medina Cano, Gustavo Adolfo Ligarreto Moreno, Maria Orfilia Vargas Arcila","doi":"10.15446/rfnam.v76n3.102634","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/rfnam.v76n3.102634","url":null,"abstract":"Agraz, mortiño, or Andean blueberry (Vaccinium meridionale Swartz) is a fruit tree with high potential for national consumption since it is considered a functional food due to its high content of anthocyanins and antioxidants. The morphological description in plants involves both characterization variables that are highly heritable and easily detectable, as well as evaluation variables influenced by the environment and useful for genetic breeding that, together, are called descriptors and allow knowing the variability of the species. The aim of this study was to develop a list of morphological descriptors with the inclusion of variables to characterize and evaluate Vaccinium meridionale Swartz. Observations were made in natural populations of 11 municipalities in Antioquia, three in Boyacá, one in Cundinamarca, two in Nariño, and one in Santander, Colombia, as well as in the ex situ collection established in Rionegro Antioquia, between 2005 to 2011. A descriptor with 38 quantitative, binary, and multi-state variables was developed. Seven of these variables were obtained at the plant level, 10 from the leaf, six from the flower, 14 from the fruit, and one from the seed. The application of the morphological descriptors in in situ and ex situ conditions reported high polymorphism in the qualitative traits and high variation between individuals for the quantitative variables in the collections under study. These variables are of taxonomic and agronomic importance in the knowledge of the species and are essential for producing and marketing the fruit.","PeriodicalId":21444,"journal":{"name":"Revista Facultad Nacional de Agronomía","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134995009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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