Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.15446/rfnam.v76n3.104823
Leandro Paiola Albrecht, Alfredo Junior Paiola Albrecht, Fabiula Patricia Novakoski, André Felipe Moreira Silva, Marcelo Cassol, Mateus Dalpubel Mattiuzzi
Among the factors that limit the productive potential of soybean crops, stands out lodging, in addition to competition with weeds. Given this, the importance of soybean pre-emergence herbicides for different purposes is highlighted; however, they have to be evaluated for selectivity. This study aimed to evaluate the growth and agronomic performance of soybean applied with pre-emergence herbicides. Experiment 1 was conducted in the 2017-2018 season at two locations, and experiment 2 in the 2016-2017 season at one location. Treatments consisted of the application of pre-emergence herbicides in soybean in a randomized block design with four replications. Crop injury and chlorophyll indices (experiment 1) and variables related to agronomic performance (experiments 1 and 2) were assessed. Diclosulam and chlorimuron showed potential for application at pre-emergence to reduce plant height and consequently plant lodging. Moreover, diclosulam, chlorimuron, sulfentrazone, flumioxazin, s-metolachlor, pendimethalin, trifluralin, imazethapyr/flumioxazin, and oxyfluorfen did not negatively affect agronomic performance when applied at pre-emergence of soybean. This study evidenced the selectivity of pre-emergence herbicides to soybean.
{"title":"Growth and agronomic performance of soybean applied with pre-emergence herbicides","authors":"Leandro Paiola Albrecht, Alfredo Junior Paiola Albrecht, Fabiula Patricia Novakoski, André Felipe Moreira Silva, Marcelo Cassol, Mateus Dalpubel Mattiuzzi","doi":"10.15446/rfnam.v76n3.104823","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/rfnam.v76n3.104823","url":null,"abstract":"Among the factors that limit the productive potential of soybean crops, stands out lodging, in addition to competition with weeds. Given this, the importance of soybean pre-emergence herbicides for different purposes is highlighted; however, they have to be evaluated for selectivity. This study aimed to evaluate the growth and agronomic performance of soybean applied with pre-emergence herbicides. Experiment 1 was conducted in the 2017-2018 season at two locations, and experiment 2 in the 2016-2017 season at one location. Treatments consisted of the application of pre-emergence herbicides in soybean in a randomized block design with four replications. Crop injury and chlorophyll indices (experiment 1) and variables related to agronomic performance (experiments 1 and 2) were assessed. Diclosulam and chlorimuron showed potential for application at pre-emergence to reduce plant height and consequently plant lodging. Moreover, diclosulam, chlorimuron, sulfentrazone, flumioxazin, s-metolachlor, pendimethalin, trifluralin, imazethapyr/flumioxazin, and oxyfluorfen did not negatively affect agronomic performance when applied at pre-emergence of soybean. This study evidenced the selectivity of pre-emergence herbicides to soybean.","PeriodicalId":21444,"journal":{"name":"Revista Facultad Nacional de Agronomía","volume":"107 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134994799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-01DOI: 10.15446/rfnam.v76n2.101345
Dario Antonio Castañeda Sánchez, Mateo Barrera Betancourth
No-till avocado orchards in the highlands are gaining importance in eastern Antioquia, Colombia. To evaluate the influence of management, and edaphic properties on the composition of weed communities, 50 Hass avocado orchards were studied in nine municipalities of eastern Antioquia. The variables cover and presence of weeds were used to estimate relative frequency, dominance, and Importance Value (IV); weed management was characterized by a survey. The maximum moisture retention capacity and pH of the soil were also determined. The importance of species, rotation of management strategies, and herbicides were analyzed graphically. The association between weeds dominance, and factors, was evaluated by a generalized linear model. 66 dicots and 28 monocot weeds were classified. Out of the 10 most important species, three foreign species, Melinis minutiflora P. Beauv, Digitaria horizontalis Willd, and Pennisetum clandestinum Hoschst. Ex Chiov were the most representative. The municipalities are grouping the effects of similar management strategies in the territory. Chemical management favored the equilibrium of the weed composition, while mechanical management did not. Soil properties had less influence on the distribution and dominance of weeds.
在哥伦比亚安蒂奥基亚东部，高原上的免耕鳄梨果园正变得越来越重要。为了评价管理和土壤性质对杂草群落组成的影响，在安蒂奥基亚东部9个市的50个哈斯鳄梨果园进行了研究。使用覆盖和杂草存在变量来估计相对频率、优势度和重要性值(IV);杂草管理的特点是一项调查。测定了土壤的最大保水能力和pH值。用图表分析了品种、轮作管理策略和除草剂的重要性。采用广义线性模型评价了杂草优势度与因子之间的关系。66株双子叶杂草和28株单子叶杂草被分类。在10个最重要的种中，有3个外来种，分别是Melinis minutiflora P. Beauv、Digitaria horizontalis野生和Pennisetum clandestinum Hoschst。Ex Chiov是最具代表性的。市政当局正在对该地区类似管理策略的效果进行分组。化学管理有利于杂草组成的平衡，而机械管理不利于杂草组成的平衡。土壤性质对杂草的分布和优势度影响较小。
{"title":"Weed community of no-till avocado (Persea americana Mill.) crops in tropical highlands","authors":"Dario Antonio Castañeda Sánchez, Mateo Barrera Betancourth","doi":"10.15446/rfnam.v76n2.101345","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/rfnam.v76n2.101345","url":null,"abstract":"No-till avocado orchards in the highlands are gaining importance in eastern Antioquia, Colombia. To evaluate the influence of management, and edaphic properties on the composition of weed communities, 50 Hass avocado orchards were studied in nine municipalities of eastern Antioquia. The variables cover and presence of weeds were used to estimate relative frequency, dominance, and Importance Value (IV); weed management was characterized by a survey. The maximum moisture retention capacity and pH of the soil were also determined. The importance of species, rotation of management strategies, and herbicides were analyzed graphically. The association between weeds dominance, and factors, was evaluated by a generalized linear model. 66 dicots and 28 monocot weeds were classified. Out of the 10 most important species, three foreign species, Melinis minutiflora P. Beauv, Digitaria horizontalis Willd, and Pennisetum clandestinum Hoschst. Ex Chiov were the most representative. The municipalities are grouping the effects of similar management strategies in the territory. Chemical management favored the equilibrium of the weed composition, while mechanical management did not. Soil properties had less influence on the distribution and dominance of weeds.","PeriodicalId":21444,"journal":{"name":"Revista Facultad Nacional de Agronomía","volume":"108 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135516237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Selection for higher yield and wider adaptability are the most important tasks in crop breeding programs. (GE) interactions are commonly seen as one of the major barriers in plant breeding. The present work aims to assess the effects of GE interaction for the grain yield of 14 durum wheat varieties grown in rain-fed environments during 2014-2017 cropping seasons, and to analyze the relationships between 15 traits intra and inter-environments. Field trials were carried out in a randomized complete block design with four replicates. Grain yield data were analyzed using AMMI model. The combined analysis of variance showed that the effects of genotype, environment and their interactions were highly significant on the grain yield. Using CV and Pi index, GTA dur was the high yielding (32.5 q ha-1) and most stable variety across all the environments. Based on the inter-character correlation, the indirect selection of grain yield via the number of grains per m2 would be effective. Moreover, the inter-environment correlation of the studied variables confirms there was GE interaction and suggests that the best varieties should be chosen according to their specific adaptation. Cold environments differed from warm and moderate ones in the ranking of varieties. Indeed, Sétif site offers better possibilities for producing the Ofanto variety (39.9 q ha-1). Whereas, GTA dur and Simeto (30.9 q ha-1 and 29.7 q ha-1, respectively) prove to be the most efficient in terms of grain yield at Oued Smar and Khemis Miliana sites together.
{"title":"Analysis of the effect of GE interaction on the grain yield and its related traits in rain-fed Algerian durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. var. durum) grown in contrasting environments","authors":"Abderrezzak Kirouani, Leila Boukhalfoun, Redha Ouldkiar, Hamenna Bouzerzour","doi":"10.15446/rfnam.v76n2.102517","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/rfnam.v76n2.102517","url":null,"abstract":"Selection for higher yield and wider adaptability are the most important tasks in crop breeding programs. (GE) interactions are commonly seen as one of the major barriers in plant breeding. The present work aims to assess the effects of GE interaction for the grain yield of 14 durum wheat varieties grown in rain-fed environments during 2014-2017 cropping seasons, and to analyze the relationships between 15 traits intra and inter-environments. Field trials were carried out in a randomized complete block design with four replicates. Grain yield data were analyzed using AMMI model. The combined analysis of variance showed that the effects of genotype, environment and their interactions were highly significant on the grain yield. Using CV and Pi index, GTA dur was the high yielding (32.5 q ha-1) and most stable variety across all the environments. Based on the inter-character correlation, the indirect selection of grain yield via the number of grains per m2 would be effective. Moreover, the inter-environment correlation of the studied variables confirms there was GE interaction and suggests that the best varieties should be chosen according to their specific adaptation. Cold environments differed from warm and moderate ones in the ranking of varieties. Indeed, Sétif site offers better possibilities for producing the Ofanto variety (39.9 q ha-1). Whereas, GTA dur and Simeto (30.9 q ha-1 and 29.7 q ha-1, respectively) prove to be the most efficient in terms of grain yield at Oued Smar and Khemis Miliana sites together.","PeriodicalId":21444,"journal":{"name":"Revista Facultad Nacional de Agronomía","volume":"88 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135516236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-01DOI: 10.15446/rfnam.v76n2.101788
Ruby Alejandra Loaiza Ruiz, Julián David Otalvaro Gutiérrez, José Régulo Cartagena Valenzuela, Carlos Felipe Barrera Sanchez, Oscar de Jesús Córdoba Gaona
This work aimed to describe the morphological diversity of the UN Cotové papaya variety to identify outstanding plants that can be used to obtain a new local cultivar. 18 individuals were selected, and the multivariate non-hierarchical cluster technique analyzed data. A Polynomial regression model was carried out to describe growth as a function of growing degree days. The ANOVA identified significant differences between plants for most morphological variables. The Pearson correlation showed linear dependence; all the variables had a high correlation (higher than 0.82) with plant height. The Hopkins and Gap statistic determined two clusterings: Gropu "D" with higher development and group "A" with less development for all parameters. Second-order polynomial model were the best fit for the plant height, and third-order models were the best fit for the others. The non-linear functional models were not significant for the evaluated variables, presenting "Lack of Fit" values greater than 0.05. The results provided information for selecting plants with outstanding characteristics that can be used in the papaya breeding program.
{"title":"Morphological diversity of the UN Cotové papaya (Carica papaya L.) variety grown under tropical dry forest conditions","authors":"Ruby Alejandra Loaiza Ruiz, Julián David Otalvaro Gutiérrez, José Régulo Cartagena Valenzuela, Carlos Felipe Barrera Sanchez, Oscar de Jesús Córdoba Gaona","doi":"10.15446/rfnam.v76n2.101788","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/rfnam.v76n2.101788","url":null,"abstract":"This work aimed to describe the morphological diversity of the UN Cotové papaya variety to identify outstanding plants that can be used to obtain a new local cultivar. 18 individuals were selected, and the multivariate non-hierarchical cluster technique analyzed data. A Polynomial regression model was carried out to describe growth as a function of growing degree days. The ANOVA identified significant differences between plants for most morphological variables. The Pearson correlation showed linear dependence; all the variables had a high correlation (higher than 0.82) with plant height. The Hopkins and Gap statistic determined two clusterings: Gropu \"D\" with higher development and group \"A\" with less development for all parameters. Second-order polynomial model were the best fit for the plant height, and third-order models were the best fit for the others. The non-linear functional models were not significant for the evaluated variables, presenting \"Lack of Fit\" values greater than 0.05. The results provided information for selecting plants with outstanding characteristics that can be used in the papaya breeding program.","PeriodicalId":21444,"journal":{"name":"Revista Facultad Nacional de Agronomía","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135516235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-01DOI: 10.15446/rfnam.v76n2.102479
Harry Wilson Báñez Aldave, Ledyz Cuesta Herrera, Juan Ygnacio López Hernández, Jesús Enrique Andrades Grassi, Hugo Alexander Torres Mantilla
The avocado is one of the most consumed foods in the world and it is affected by the mite Oligonychus sp., which affects the generation of chlorophyll by the plant, resulting in a decrease in productivity. Given the economic importance of the avocado, a spatial statistical methodology was used to analyze the risk of a pest in its crops. A total of 202 observations of a 1.1 ha avocado farm were used to measure the number of mites per leaf in the area of Barranca, Perú. Predictive geostatistical methods and indicators were applied. A Spherical semivariogram was adjusted to estimate a Univariate Ordinary Kriging, covariates such as vegetation indicators and geomorphometric variables were used to improve the spatial resolution of the covariates and geostatistical simulation was used and linear co-regionalization models were adjusted with which pest predictions were made with co-Kriging. Finally, the predictions were transformed into a risk model using Kriging Indicator. The results obtained show that the mite presents a stationary process in second order with spatial dependence of less than 10 m, in which univariante Ordinary Kriging was the most efficient. Despite the results, the linear co-regionalization models are consistent, but the geostatistical simulation was not enough to improve the predictions. Covariate data should be incorporated at a higher level of detail and small-scale variations should be analyzed. It is suggested to incorporate covariate data with a higher level of detail and analyze small-scale variations.
{"title":"Application of a spatial risk model of the crystalline spider mite (Oligonychus sp.) to avocado crop damage using remote sensing","authors":"Harry Wilson Báñez Aldave, Ledyz Cuesta Herrera, Juan Ygnacio López Hernández, Jesús Enrique Andrades Grassi, Hugo Alexander Torres Mantilla","doi":"10.15446/rfnam.v76n2.102479","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/rfnam.v76n2.102479","url":null,"abstract":"The avocado is one of the most consumed foods in the world and it is affected by the mite Oligonychus sp., which affects the generation of chlorophyll by the plant, resulting in a decrease in productivity. Given the economic importance of the avocado, a spatial statistical methodology was used to analyze the risk of a pest in its crops. A total of 202 observations of a 1.1 ha avocado farm were used to measure the number of mites per leaf in the area of Barranca, Perú. Predictive geostatistical methods and indicators were applied. A Spherical semivariogram was adjusted to estimate a Univariate Ordinary Kriging, covariates such as vegetation indicators and geomorphometric variables were used to improve the spatial resolution of the covariates and geostatistical simulation was used and linear co-regionalization models were adjusted with which pest predictions were made with co-Kriging. Finally, the predictions were transformed into a risk model using Kriging Indicator. The results obtained show that the mite presents a stationary process in second order with spatial dependence of less than 10 m, in which univariante Ordinary Kriging was the most efficient. Despite the results, the linear co-regionalization models are consistent, but the geostatistical simulation was not enough to improve the predictions. Covariate data should be incorporated at a higher level of detail and small-scale variations should be analyzed. It is suggested to incorporate covariate data with a higher level of detail and analyze small-scale variations.","PeriodicalId":21444,"journal":{"name":"Revista Facultad Nacional de Agronomía","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135516233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-01DOI: 10.15446/rfnam.v76n2.103177
Linda Estefania Ríos Monterroza, Carlos Ramón Vergara Rivera
This study was aimed to determine the weaknesses and potential of green businesses in La Mojana and San Jorge subregions in the department of Sucre. Businesses in the category of sustainable goods and services from natural resources and subsectors of the Biotrade sector were considered since they were the most representative in the area—the instrument verification sheet version 1.2 F001-2014 established by the Ministry of Environment and Sustainable Development - MADS was used to evaluate them. The fulfillment of sustainability criteria in the evaluated subsectors and between the level of business development in the study municipalities was analyzed using the Chi-square test. As a result, weaknesses in the economic component criteria and strengths in the environmental criteria for most of the businesses were evidenced, as well as significant differences between the municipalities and subsectors. However, restructuring businesses towards sustainability is a path that requires cultural, technological, and management strengthening. This is a change that should gradually happen and must be supported by government authorities.
{"title":"Weaknesses and potential of green businesses in the Sub-regions of La Mojana and San Jorge, in the department of Sucre, Colombia","authors":"Linda Estefania Ríos Monterroza, Carlos Ramón Vergara Rivera","doi":"10.15446/rfnam.v76n2.103177","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/rfnam.v76n2.103177","url":null,"abstract":"This study was aimed to determine the weaknesses and potential of green businesses in La Mojana and San Jorge subregions in the department of Sucre. Businesses in the category of sustainable goods and services from natural resources and subsectors of the Biotrade sector were considered since they were the most representative in the area—the instrument verification sheet version 1.2 F001-2014 established by the Ministry of Environment and Sustainable Development - MADS was used to evaluate them. The fulfillment of sustainability criteria in the evaluated subsectors and between the level of business development in the study municipalities was analyzed using the Chi-square test. As a result, weaknesses in the economic component criteria and strengths in the environmental criteria for most of the businesses were evidenced, as well as significant differences between the municipalities and subsectors. However, restructuring businesses towards sustainability is a path that requires cultural, technological, and management strengthening. This is a change that should gradually happen and must be supported by government authorities.","PeriodicalId":21444,"journal":{"name":"Revista Facultad Nacional de Agronomía","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135516362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-01DOI: 10.15446/rfnam.v76n2.99365
Patricia Isabel Manzano Santana, Freddy Arturo Magdama Tobar, Andrea Orellana Manzano, Omar Ruiz Barzola, Migdalia Miranda Martínez, Tulio Fredi Orellana León, Esther Lilia Peralta García
The use of liquid organic amendments (biols) is a common practice for farmers due to the multiple benefits in the management and production of their crops, including the control of pests and diseases. The present study analyzes the chemical composition of the pure compound C1 and fractions F2 and F3 of local biols produced in two provinces of Ecuador and their antifungal activity against Moniliophthora roreri (Cif & Par). This work incorporates the use of Gas Chromatography coupled to Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS), Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and in vitro inhibition assays for sample analysis. C1 was identified as Mannitol. The percentage of inhibition against M. roreri in F2 and F3 was 44.37% and 8.34%, respectively; and, for C1, 28.63%. The values of the median lethal dose (LD50) obtained corroborate that the F2 fraction was the one with the highest controlling activity against the pathogen. The 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid diisooctyl ester compound was the main compound in F2 (30.88%) and the Pentadecanoic acid, 14-methyl-, methyl ester in F3. Finally, all compounds obtained from the biol fractions were identified and it was determined that the fermentative process was suitable for producing bioactive compounds of interest to inhibit the growth of Moniliophthora roreri.
{"title":"Bioactive compounds against Moniliophthora roreri (Cif & Par) identified in locally produced liquid amendments (Biols)","authors":"Patricia Isabel Manzano Santana, Freddy Arturo Magdama Tobar, Andrea Orellana Manzano, Omar Ruiz Barzola, Migdalia Miranda Martínez, Tulio Fredi Orellana León, Esther Lilia Peralta García","doi":"10.15446/rfnam.v76n2.99365","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/rfnam.v76n2.99365","url":null,"abstract":"The use of liquid organic amendments (biols) is a common practice for farmers due to the multiple benefits in the management and production of their crops, including the control of pests and diseases. The present study analyzes the chemical composition of the pure compound C1 and fractions F2 and F3 of local biols produced in two provinces of Ecuador and their antifungal activity against Moniliophthora roreri (Cif & Par). This work incorporates the use of Gas Chromatography coupled to Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS), Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and in vitro inhibition assays for sample analysis. C1 was identified as Mannitol. The percentage of inhibition against M. roreri in F2 and F3 was 44.37% and 8.34%, respectively; and, for C1, 28.63%. The values of the median lethal dose (LD50) obtained corroborate that the F2 fraction was the one with the highest controlling activity against the pathogen. The 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid diisooctyl ester compound was the main compound in F2 (30.88%) and the Pentadecanoic acid, 14-methyl-, methyl ester in F3. Finally, all compounds obtained from the biol fractions were identified and it was determined that the fermentative process was suitable for producing bioactive compounds of interest to inhibit the growth of Moniliophthora roreri.","PeriodicalId":21444,"journal":{"name":"Revista Facultad Nacional de Agronomía","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135703259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-01DOI: 10.15446/rfnam.v76n2.104456
Maria Laura Lemos, Diego Ricardo Gutiérrez, Mariana Judith Farías, Silvia del Carmen Rodriguez
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of antioxidant treatments on the conservation of cut eggplants (Solanum melongena L.), which was carried out in two stages. Initially, the effect of citric acid (CA), ascorbic acid (AA) and cysteine (Cys) solution at 0.5 and 1% on sensory attributes (general appearance and browning), and color parameters during storage were evaluated. Immersion in 1% AA was considered the best antioxidant since it maintained visual quality for 6 days. Subsequently, hot water dipping (HWD) treatments followed by the 1% AA solution were evaluated and optimized through the Response Surface Methodology (RSM). Sensory attributes, color parameters, respiration rate (RR), phenolic compounds (PhC), antioxidant capacity, as well as the activity of polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and peroxidase (POD) were assessed during cold storage. The results showed that HWD at 50 °C, 60 s and 1% AA was the optimal combination to control enzymatic browning and extend its fresh quality for up to 8 days. Furthermore, that combination of treatments reduced the PPO and POD activities and increased the PhC compared to the control (untreated), not finding significant differences between them in antioxidant capacity and RR. Therefore, the application of this combination would be the most appropriate to preserve the quality of the fresh-cut eggplants for 8 days of storage at 4 °C.
{"title":"Application of antioxidants and hot water treatments to improve shelf life of fresh-cut eggplants (Solanum melongena L.) during storage","authors":"Maria Laura Lemos, Diego Ricardo Gutiérrez, Mariana Judith Farías, Silvia del Carmen Rodriguez","doi":"10.15446/rfnam.v76n2.104456","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/rfnam.v76n2.104456","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of antioxidant treatments on the conservation of cut eggplants (Solanum melongena L.), which was carried out in two stages. Initially, the effect of citric acid (CA), ascorbic acid (AA) and cysteine (Cys) solution at 0.5 and 1% on sensory attributes (general appearance and browning), and color parameters during storage were evaluated. Immersion in 1% AA was considered the best antioxidant since it maintained visual quality for 6 days. Subsequently, hot water dipping (HWD) treatments followed by the 1% AA solution were evaluated and optimized through the Response Surface Methodology (RSM). Sensory attributes, color parameters, respiration rate (RR), phenolic compounds (PhC), antioxidant capacity, as well as the activity of polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and peroxidase (POD) were assessed during cold storage. The results showed that HWD at 50 °C, 60 s and 1% AA was the optimal combination to control enzymatic browning and extend its fresh quality for up to 8 days. Furthermore, that combination of treatments reduced the PPO and POD activities and increased the PhC compared to the control (untreated), not finding significant differences between them in antioxidant capacity and RR. Therefore, the application of this combination would be the most appropriate to preserve the quality of the fresh-cut eggplants for 8 days of storage at 4 °C.","PeriodicalId":21444,"journal":{"name":"Revista Facultad Nacional de Agronomía","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135516234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dairy production systems are a sensitive sector of the primary economy frequently affected by pathogens that negatively impact production parameters, the bovine leukemia virus (BLV) one of these. In this study, the molecular prevalence of BLV was determined in the specialized dairy sector of Antioquia using the viral marker of the envelope gene (env). Blood samples were taken from 575 bovines from specialized dairies in Antioquia distributed in 53 herds and located in the three specialized milk production areas of Antioquia (north, east, and Valle de Aburrá). DNA extraction was performed by salting out, and a nested PCR was performed to detect the env gene. The products were visualized on a 2% agarose gel with GelRed as an intercalator. A molecular prevalence of BLV of 17.0% in animals and 71.7% in herds were found, being Valle de Aburrá the area where the highest rate of positive animals was obtained (21.1%), unlike the northern area with the lowest rate (15.6%). The molecular prevalence of BLV in this study is lower than that of previous studies in the department, which ranged between 47 and 73%, and this may be associated with factors of breed resistance, the age of the animals, or management practices in the herds. These results can contribute to creating BLV control strategies and optimizing milk production in the department of Antioquia, being relevant to paying attention to the behavior of this pathogen under different production system conditions.
{"title":"Molecular prevalence of Bovine Leukemia Virus in specialized dairies in the department of Antioquia, Colombia","authors":"Daniela Castillo Rey, Albeiro López Herrera, Cristina Úsuga Monroy","doi":"10.15446/rfnam.v76n2.104722","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/rfnam.v76n2.104722","url":null,"abstract":"Dairy production systems are a sensitive sector of the primary economy frequently affected by pathogens that negatively impact production parameters, the bovine leukemia virus (BLV) one of these. In this study, the molecular prevalence of BLV was determined in the specialized dairy sector of Antioquia using the viral marker of the envelope gene (env). Blood samples were taken from 575 bovines from specialized dairies in Antioquia distributed in 53 herds and located in the three specialized milk production areas of Antioquia (north, east, and Valle de Aburrá). DNA extraction was performed by salting out, and a nested PCR was performed to detect the env gene. The products were visualized on a 2% agarose gel with GelRed as an intercalator. A molecular prevalence of BLV of 17.0% in animals and 71.7% in herds were found, being Valle de Aburrá the area where the highest rate of positive animals was obtained (21.1%), unlike the northern area with the lowest rate (15.6%). The molecular prevalence of BLV in this study is lower than that of previous studies in the department, which ranged between 47 and 73%, and this may be associated with factors of breed resistance, the age of the animals, or management practices in the herds. These results can contribute to creating BLV control strategies and optimizing milk production in the department of Antioquia, being relevant to paying attention to the behavior of this pathogen under different production system conditions.","PeriodicalId":21444,"journal":{"name":"Revista Facultad Nacional de Agronomía","volume":"212 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135516238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-01DOI: 10.15446/rfnam.v76n2.102403
Harley Quinto Mosquera, Yeison Rivas Urrutia, Natalia Palacios Murillo
Fine root biomass (FRB) is essential for the functioning of tropical forests. However, due to the degradation generated by mining, it is necessary to evaluate the influence of the soil and the successional time on the FRB, to contribute to its restoration. Forests of biogeographic Chocó have been affected by mining; for this reason, the objective of evaluating the influence of the soil and the successional time on the FRB in abandoned mines was proposed. For this, plots were established in three successional stages: two abandoned mines (12-15 and 30-35 years) and a primary forest. Subsequently, the physicochemical conditions of the soil and the FRB (<2 mm) at 20 cm depth were measured. The registered FRB was 5.73 t ha-1 in stages of 12-15 years, 2.56 t ha-1 in stages of 30- 35 years, and 5.91 t ha-1 forests; that is, it recovered quickly, but did not increase with successional time. In general, the FRB was determined by successional age, fertility, OM, and clay. In stages of 12-15 years, it was positively associated with OM and slime; and negatively with clay and sand. While, in stages of 30-35 years, it was positively related to Al, N, Ca and clay; but, with K, MO and Mg it was negative. In summary, it was determined that the soils have a different influence on the FRB in each successional stag. In addition, the limitation of belowground biomass storage due to multiple nutrients, which affect the mitigation of global climate change, was noted.
细根生物量(FRB)对热带森林的功能至关重要。然而，由于采矿造成的退化，有必要评估土壤和演替时间对森林植被的影响，以促进森林植被的恢复。生物地理Chocó的森林受到采矿的影响;为此，提出了评价土壤和演替时间对废弃矿山FRB影响的目标。为此，在三个连续阶段建立了地块:两个废弃矿山(12-15年和30-35年)和一个原始森林。随后，测量了20 cm深度土壤的理化条件和FRB (<2 mm)。12-15年、30- 35年和5.91 t ha-1的森林速降率分别为5.73 t ha-1、2.56 t ha-1;也就是说，它恢复得很快，但不随连续时间而增加。一般来说，FRB由演替年龄、肥力、OM和粘土决定。在12-15年的阶段，它与OM和粘液呈正相关;而粘土和沙子则相反。在30 ~ 35 a阶段，与Al、N、Ca和粘土呈显著正相关;但是对于K, MO和Mg，它是负的。综上所述，土壤对不同演替阶段FRB的影响是不同的。此外，与会者还指出，由于多种营养物质的存在，地下生物量储存受到限制，影响到全球气候变化的减缓。
{"title":"Fine root biomass and its relationship with the soil in degraded areas by mining in biogeographic Chocó","authors":"Harley Quinto Mosquera, Yeison Rivas Urrutia, Natalia Palacios Murillo","doi":"10.15446/rfnam.v76n2.102403","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/rfnam.v76n2.102403","url":null,"abstract":"Fine root biomass (FRB) is essential for the functioning of tropical forests. However, due to the degradation generated by mining, it is necessary to evaluate the influence of the soil and the successional time on the FRB, to contribute to its restoration. Forests of biogeographic Chocó have been affected by mining; for this reason, the objective of evaluating the influence of the soil and the successional time on the FRB in abandoned mines was proposed. For this, plots were established in three successional stages: two abandoned mines (12-15 and 30-35 years) and a primary forest. Subsequently, the physicochemical conditions of the soil and the FRB (<2 mm) at 20 cm depth were measured. The registered FRB was 5.73 t ha-1 in stages of 12-15 years, 2.56 t ha-1 in stages of 30- 35 years, and 5.91 t ha-1 forests; that is, it recovered quickly, but did not increase with successional time. In general, the FRB was determined by successional age, fertility, OM, and clay. In stages of 12-15 years, it was positively associated with OM and slime; and negatively with clay and sand. While, in stages of 30-35 years, it was positively related to Al, N, Ca and clay; but, with K, MO and Mg it was negative. In summary, it was determined that the soils have a different influence on the FRB in each successional stag. In addition, the limitation of belowground biomass storage due to multiple nutrients, which affect the mitigation of global climate change, was noted.","PeriodicalId":21444,"journal":{"name":"Revista Facultad Nacional de Agronomía","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135516496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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