Black pepper (Piper nigrum) is a plant highly valued for its functional aromatic compounds. To increase bioavailability of its phytochemicals, a novel approach to extraction using microwave heating and optimization was investigated. Fixed (microwave power and particle size) and variable (heating time and solvent volume) extraction criteria were applied to obtain aqueous extracts, followed by the optimization of the quality of extracts by subjecting the extracts to meat quality test using the central composite design. Thereafter, quality indices (pH, 2-thiobarbituric acid reactive substance value, refrigeration loss, colour and cooking loss) of meat subjected to storage were determined and the outcomes were analysed using response surface methodology. A total of six optimised solutions were derived but the best extraction criteria (variable) were 87.28 min and 364.26 mL of heating time and solvent volume respectively with a desirability value of 0.624, while microwave power and particle size were kept constant. Afterwards, selected optimised extraction criteria was applied, and black pepper aqueous extract obtained was compositionally analysed using Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry. Remarkably, a total of 71 compounds were extracted, comprising element-based compounds such as silicon, nitrogen, sulphur and iodine. Two silicon and nitrogen-based compounds as well as one sulphur and nitrogen-sulphur based compound were obtained while seven iodine-based compounds were discovered alongside other functional compounds. This approach results in green and efficient extraction process with increased bioavailability of functional compounds. However, further modifications of extraction criteria can be applied to upscale the desirability level (score) for increased extraction efficiency.
{"title":"Optimization of microwave extraction of biocompounds from black pepper using meat quality assessment","authors":"Adeola Adegoke, Kehinde Atinuke Sanwo, Olajide Philip Sobukola, Lawrence, Tokunbo Egbeyale","doi":"10.15446/rfnam.v76n2.101035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/rfnam.v76n2.101035","url":null,"abstract":"Black pepper (Piper nigrum) is a plant highly valued for its functional aromatic compounds. To increase bioavailability of its phytochemicals, a novel approach to extraction using microwave heating and optimization was investigated. Fixed (microwave power and particle size) and variable (heating time and solvent volume) extraction criteria were applied to obtain aqueous extracts, followed by the optimization of the quality of extracts by subjecting the extracts to meat quality test using the central composite design. Thereafter, quality indices (pH, 2-thiobarbituric acid reactive substance value, refrigeration loss, colour and cooking loss) of meat subjected to storage were determined and the outcomes were analysed using response surface methodology. A total of six optimised solutions were derived but the best extraction criteria (variable) were 87.28 min and 364.26 mL of heating time and solvent volume respectively with a desirability value of 0.624, while microwave power and particle size were kept constant. Afterwards, selected optimised extraction criteria was applied, and black pepper aqueous extract obtained was compositionally analysed using Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry. Remarkably, a total of 71 compounds were extracted, comprising element-based compounds such as silicon, nitrogen, sulphur and iodine. Two silicon and nitrogen-based compounds as well as one sulphur and nitrogen-sulphur based compound were obtained while seven iodine-based compounds were discovered alongside other functional compounds. This approach results in green and efficient extraction process with increased bioavailability of functional compounds. However, further modifications of extraction criteria can be applied to upscale the desirability level (score) for increased extraction efficiency.","PeriodicalId":21444,"journal":{"name":"Revista Facultad Nacional de Agronomía","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135516239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-01DOI: 10.15446/rfnam.v76n2.103168
Elizabeth Susana Ordoñez Gomez, Joseferik Calderon Pino, Darlym Reátegui Diaz
Chocolates are considered functional foods and are consumed worldwide. The objective was to evaluate the effect of particle size and the inclusion of Physalis peruviana L (Goldenberry) and Vaccinium spp (Andean blueberry) on sensory attributes, color, total phenols, and anthocyanins in dark and milk chocolate. The attributes of gloss, surface, breakage, melting, grittiness, odor, fruit scents, aftertaste, sweetness, mouthfeel, bitterness, and astringency were evaluated for sensory evaluation. To measure color, the CIELAB system was used. Phenols were evaluated using spectrophotometry and anthocyanins using the pH differential method. According to principal components analysis (PCA), dark chocolates with the inclusion of goldenberries had the best sensory scores (Øp =10-20 µm); the results for the correlations were 0.97 for surface and melting, 0.98 for surface and aftertaste, 1.0 for aftertaste and astringency, and -0.92 melting and odor. Milk chocolate with the inclusion of goldenberries (Øp =10- 20 µm) was superior in attributes such as fruit scents, sweetness, grittiness, gloss, odor, aftertaste, and mouthfeel. At the same time, there was a correlation between melting and aftertaste of -0.92 and between melting and mouthfeel of -0.94, odor with fruit scents and sweetness were 0.96 and 0.98, and fruit scents with aftertaste and sweetness were 0.94 and 0.99. Dark and milk chocolates with the inclusion of goldenberries (Øp =10-15 µm) were slightly superior in the phenol content, while chocolates with the inclusion of Andean blueberries (Øp =10-20 µm) had greater anthocyanin contents.
{"title":"Effect of particle size on sensory and bioactive properties of chocolates with Physalis peruviana L and Vaccinium spp","authors":"Elizabeth Susana Ordoñez Gomez, Joseferik Calderon Pino, Darlym Reátegui Diaz","doi":"10.15446/rfnam.v76n2.103168","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/rfnam.v76n2.103168","url":null,"abstract":"Chocolates are considered functional foods and are consumed worldwide. The objective was to evaluate the effect of particle size and the inclusion of Physalis peruviana L (Goldenberry) and Vaccinium spp (Andean blueberry) on sensory attributes, color, total phenols, and anthocyanins in dark and milk chocolate. The attributes of gloss, surface, breakage, melting, grittiness, odor, fruit scents, aftertaste, sweetness, mouthfeel, bitterness, and astringency were evaluated for sensory evaluation. To measure color, the CIELAB system was used. Phenols were evaluated using spectrophotometry and anthocyanins using the pH differential method. According to principal components analysis (PCA), dark chocolates with the inclusion of goldenberries had the best sensory scores (Øp =10-20 µm); the results for the correlations were 0.97 for surface and melting, 0.98 for surface and aftertaste, 1.0 for aftertaste and astringency, and -0.92 melting and odor. Milk chocolate with the inclusion of goldenberries (Øp =10- 20 µm) was superior in attributes such as fruit scents, sweetness, grittiness, gloss, odor, aftertaste, and mouthfeel. At the same time, there was a correlation between melting and aftertaste of -0.92 and between melting and mouthfeel of -0.94, odor with fruit scents and sweetness were 0.96 and 0.98, and fruit scents with aftertaste and sweetness were 0.94 and 0.99. Dark and milk chocolates with the inclusion of goldenberries (Øp =10-15 µm) were slightly superior in the phenol content, while chocolates with the inclusion of Andean blueberries (Øp =10-20 µm) had greater anthocyanin contents.","PeriodicalId":21444,"journal":{"name":"Revista Facultad Nacional de Agronomía","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135516361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.15446/rfnam.v76n1.101470
Oscar Humberto Alvarado Sanabria
Due to the urban environment urban trees must deal with drier and hotter than in rural areas. Knowing the water consumption of each species and the indicators of water deficit is useful to decide the frequency and volume of irrigation and to select species according to the microclimate of the location. To determine approximately the irrigation frequency and to identify physiological variables that indicate water stress, it was carried out an experiment in which five tropical species (Citharexylum montanum M., Citharexylum sulcatum M., Caesalpinia spinosa K., Inga edulis M. and Retrophyllum rospigliosii P.) were subjected to water deficit. After a month of planting, eight trees per species were subjected to four treatments: control treatment (volumetric water content higher than 45% (TC)), the volumetric water content of 20% (VM20), fifteen and thirty days after the soil had reached VM20 (T15 and T30, respectively). In trees with similar height, it was found that the descending order of water consumption was I. edulis, C. montanum, C. spinosa, C. sulcatum, R. rospigliosii and that the best indicator of water deficit was the stem water potential. In general, volumetric moisture of soil of 20% was a suitable threshold to decide when irrigating regardless of the species. Deeming the effect of the treatments on the growth of the assessed species, T30 diminished severely the growth by 50% in comparison to the control, except for C. sulcatum in which there were no significant differences.
{"title":"Effect of water deficit on water status and growth of five tropical species used in urban forestry","authors":"Oscar Humberto Alvarado Sanabria","doi":"10.15446/rfnam.v76n1.101470","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/rfnam.v76n1.101470","url":null,"abstract":"Due to the urban environment urban trees must deal with drier and hotter than in rural areas. Knowing the water consumption of each species and the indicators of water deficit is useful to decide the frequency and volume of irrigation and to select species according to the microclimate of the location. To determine approximately the irrigation frequency and to identify physiological variables that indicate water stress, it was carried out an experiment in which five tropical species (Citharexylum montanum M., Citharexylum sulcatum M., Caesalpinia spinosa K., Inga edulis M. and Retrophyllum rospigliosii P.) were subjected to water deficit. After a month of planting, eight trees per species were subjected to four treatments: control treatment (volumetric water content higher than 45% (TC)), the volumetric water content of 20% (VM20), fifteen and thirty days after the soil had reached VM20 (T15 and T30, respectively). In trees with similar height, it was found that the descending order of water consumption was I. edulis, C. montanum, C. spinosa, C. sulcatum, R. rospigliosii and that the best indicator of water deficit was the stem water potential. In general, volumetric moisture of soil of 20% was a suitable threshold to decide when irrigating regardless of the species. Deeming the effect of the treatments on the growth of the assessed species, T30 diminished severely the growth by 50% in comparison to the control, except for C. sulcatum in which there were no significant differences.","PeriodicalId":21444,"journal":{"name":"Revista Facultad Nacional de Agronomía","volume":"88 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135798241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.15446/rfnam.v76n1.101474
Javier Rivera-Acosta, Xiuchuan Xu
This study evaluates the impact of agricultural credit on productivity of Musaceae (banana and plantain) in farmers from Valle del Cauca (Colombia) using data from National Agricultural Census of 2014. Additionally, the effect of credit on two productivity indices (PI1 y PI2) was evaluated, PI1 measured in tons of production per hectare and PI2 in ton of production per employee. To evaluate this impact, the counterfactual without treatment was estimated using the information of those farmers who obtained a credit and similar farmers who did not. Therefore, to control the selection bias, derived from the fact that the credits are not awarded randomly, this study uses the Propensity Score Matching (PSM) methodology applying the 4-nearest neighbor matching algorithm. In general, for banana producers, the results suggest that access to agricultural credit has positive and significant effects with an increase in productivity per hectare (PI1) of 8.4%; on the other hand, for PI2 the result was not statistically significant, however, it may be an indicator that the farmer is not using human resources efficiently to achieve the increase obtained in PI1 . Finally, this study suggests that access to agricultural credit may not be decisive in increasing the productivity of the plantain crop, given that the effect on the two indices evaluated was indeterminate.
本研究利用2014年全国农业普查的数据，评估了农业信贷对哥伦比亚考卡山谷农民Musaceae(香蕉和大蕉)生产力的影响。此外，还评估了信贷对两个生产力指数(PI1 y PI2)的影响，PI1以每公顷产量吨数计算，PI2以每名员工的产量吨数计算。为了评估这种影响，使用获得信贷的农民和没有获得信贷的类似农民的信息估计未经处理的反事实。因此，为了控制由于信用不是随机授予而产生的选择偏差，本研究采用了采用4近邻匹配算法的倾向得分匹配(PSM)方法。总体而言，研究结果表明，获得农业信贷对香蕉生产者具有积极而显著的影响，每公顷生产力(PI1)提高了8.4%;另一方面，对于PI2，结果没有统计学意义，但是，这可能表明农民没有有效地利用人力资源来实现PI1所获得的增长。最后，本研究表明，获得农业信贷可能不是提高大蕉作物生产力的决定性因素，因为对两个评估指标的影响是不确定的。
{"title":"The impact of credit on agricultural productivity of Musaceae: evidence from Valle Del Cauca, Colombia","authors":"Javier Rivera-Acosta, Xiuchuan Xu","doi":"10.15446/rfnam.v76n1.101474","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/rfnam.v76n1.101474","url":null,"abstract":"This study evaluates the impact of agricultural credit on productivity of Musaceae (banana and plantain) in farmers from Valle del Cauca (Colombia) using data from National Agricultural Census of 2014. Additionally, the effect of credit on two productivity indices (PI1 y PI2) was evaluated, PI1 measured in tons of production per hectare and PI2 in ton of production per employee. To evaluate this impact, the counterfactual without treatment was estimated using the information of those farmers who obtained a credit and similar farmers who did not. Therefore, to control the selection bias, derived from the fact that the credits are not awarded randomly, this study uses the Propensity Score Matching (PSM) methodology applying the 4-nearest neighbor matching algorithm. In general, for banana producers, the results suggest that access to agricultural credit has positive and significant effects with an increase in productivity per hectare (PI1) of 8.4%; on the other hand, for PI2 the result was not statistically significant, however, it may be an indicator that the farmer is not using human resources efficiently to achieve the increase obtained in PI1 . Finally, this study suggests that access to agricultural credit may not be decisive in increasing the productivity of the plantain crop, given that the effect on the two indices evaluated was indeterminate.","PeriodicalId":21444,"journal":{"name":"Revista Facultad Nacional de Agronomía","volume":"88 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135798245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.15446/rfnam.v76n1.101710
David Araya Gutierrez, Giovanni Garro Monge, Karol Jiménez Quesada, Dagoberto Arias Aguilar, Randall Quesada Cordero
The abaca also known as cañamo of manila, produces a natural fiber which is known as the most resistant worldwide natural fiber, that has properties like resistance to salinity, mechanical strength, flexibility, and durability. The unique characteristics of the fiber have caused an increase in its use in many industries. However, the cultivation of abaca is threatened by the presence of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense, one of the most important diseases which has been considered the most lethal, due to the scarcity of existing control methods. The article aims to highlight recent data about the characteristics of the plant and its fiber, crop management, productivity, and the market as an approach for updating the current knowledge regarding the abaca. It was found that some characteristics of abaca fiber such as strength and physical properties depend on the position of its leaves, on the maturity of the plant and also on the fiber extraction system. Regarding fiber extraction, it is mentioned that there are two types of methods (stripping and decortication). Concerning the productivity, there exists a considerable difference between the ways of bundle extraction, for instance, the hand stripping technique produces about 20 kg of fiber bundles per day. It is concluded that abaca has great potential as a crop that could boost the markets of various countries. Though the information available on this crop is scarce, so it is necessary to increase research about its production and management to promote greater use.
马尼拉的abaca也被称为cañamo，生产的天然纤维被称为世界上最耐盐的天然纤维，具有耐盐、机械强度、柔韧性和耐用性等特性。纤维的独特特性使其在许多工业中的应用增加。然而，由于缺乏现有的控制方法，abaca的种植受到了最重要的疾病之一，被认为是最致命的Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense的威胁。这篇文章的目的是强调最近的数据关于植物的特点和它的纤维，作物管理，生产力和市场作为一种方法，更新目前的知识关于abaca。结果表明，ababa纤维的强度、物理性能等特性与ababa叶片的位置、植株的成熟度以及提取系统有关。关于纤维提取，有两种方法(剥离法和去皮法)。在产量方面，不同的提取方式存在较大的差异，如手工剥离法每天的纤维束产量约为20公斤。结论是，作为一种作物，abaca具有巨大的潜力，可以促进各国的市场。虽然关于这种作物的信息很少，因此有必要加强对其生产和管理的研究，以促进其更广泛的利用。
{"title":"Abaca: a general review on its characteristics, productivity, and market in the world","authors":"David Araya Gutierrez, Giovanni Garro Monge, Karol Jiménez Quesada, Dagoberto Arias Aguilar, Randall Quesada Cordero","doi":"10.15446/rfnam.v76n1.101710","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/rfnam.v76n1.101710","url":null,"abstract":"The abaca also known as cañamo of manila, produces a natural fiber which is known as the most resistant worldwide natural fiber, that has properties like resistance to salinity, mechanical strength, flexibility, and durability. The unique characteristics of the fiber have caused an increase in its use in many industries. However, the cultivation of abaca is threatened by the presence of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense, one of the most important diseases which has been considered the most lethal, due to the scarcity of existing control methods. The article aims to highlight recent data about the characteristics of the plant and its fiber, crop management, productivity, and the market as an approach for updating the current knowledge regarding the abaca. It was found that some characteristics of abaca fiber such as strength and physical properties depend on the position of its leaves, on the maturity of the plant and also on the fiber extraction system. Regarding fiber extraction, it is mentioned that there are two types of methods (stripping and decortication). Concerning the productivity, there exists a considerable difference between the ways of bundle extraction, for instance, the hand stripping technique produces about 20 kg of fiber bundles per day. It is concluded that abaca has great potential as a crop that could boost the markets of various countries. Though the information available on this crop is scarce, so it is necessary to increase research about its production and management to promote greater use.","PeriodicalId":21444,"journal":{"name":"Revista Facultad Nacional de Agronomía","volume":"96 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135181561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Transgenic cotton plants (Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner (Bt)) has significant influenced the integrated pest management around the world. In Colombia, Anthonomus grandis Boheman and Spodoptera complex are currently considered the main pests in cotton crops. Therefore, this study evaluated the effect of Bt (Cry1Ac and Cry2Ab) and non-Bt cotton on the population fluctuation during two years in Tolima region. A Pearson correlation matrix was carried out between the pest variables and yield, while climatic variables and insect populations were correlated in four phenological stages with Spearman rank correlations. Additionally, a factor analysis for mixed data was performed in order to compare the effect of genotypes on the population fluctuation of the insects. For A. grandis, no differences in their populations were presented. However, in yield non-Bt cotton plants showed a higher inverse correlation with the perforated bolls compared to Bt cotton. In relation to the Spodoptera complex, the Bt genotype had 67.4% fewer larvae compared to non-Bt cotton. Statistically significant differences were presented. However, there was not a total absence of the pest during the entire crop cycle. These results suggest that if refuge zones and pest management practices are not determined in the study area, Spodoptera complex could generate resistance to genetically modified plants.
{"title":"Effect of Bt (Cry1Ac and Cry2Ab) and non-Bt cotton on the temporal variation of A. grandis and representatives of the Spodoptera complex in Tolima, Colombia","authors":"Camilo Ignacio Jaramillo-Barrios, Ginna Natalia Cruz-Castiblanco, Buenaventura Monje-Andrade","doi":"10.15446/rfnam.v76n1.100904","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/rfnam.v76n1.100904","url":null,"abstract":"Transgenic cotton plants (Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner (Bt)) has significant influenced the integrated pest management around the world. In Colombia, Anthonomus grandis Boheman and Spodoptera complex are currently considered the main pests in cotton crops. Therefore, this study evaluated the effect of Bt (Cry1Ac and Cry2Ab) and non-Bt cotton on the population fluctuation during two years in Tolima region. A Pearson correlation matrix was carried out between the pest variables and yield, while climatic variables and insect populations were correlated in four phenological stages with Spearman rank correlations. Additionally, a factor analysis for mixed data was performed in order to compare the effect of genotypes on the population fluctuation of the insects. For A. grandis, no differences in their populations were presented. However, in yield non-Bt cotton plants showed a higher inverse correlation with the perforated bolls compared to Bt cotton. In relation to the Spodoptera complex, the Bt genotype had 67.4% fewer larvae compared to non-Bt cotton. Statistically significant differences were presented. However, there was not a total absence of the pest during the entire crop cycle. These results suggest that if refuge zones and pest management practices are not determined in the study area, Spodoptera complex could generate resistance to genetically modified plants.","PeriodicalId":21444,"journal":{"name":"Revista Facultad Nacional de Agronomía","volume":"147 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135798254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.15446/rfnam.v76n1.100958
Sandra Vargas Díaz, Héctor José Ciro Velásquez, José Uriel Sepúlveda Valencia
Membrane separation technology in the dairy industry has become a basis for the innovation and processing of new products, as well as an alternative for the use of co-products, contributing to the reduction of the environmental impact that this industry generates. The objective of this work was to develop a fermented dairy beverage using sweet whey ultrafiltration permeate (UFP) and whey protein concentrate (WPC), evaluating its effect on physicochemical and techno-functional characteristics under storage with controlled conditions. The experimental design was a simplex centroid mixtures with WPC (2-5%), UFP (51-58%), and milk (40-47%) where a non-hydrolyzed (NHFDB) and hydrolyzed (HFDB) (> at 85%) beverage was formulated. Optimum beverages were obtained by minimizing syneresis and maximizing protein content, and overall product acceptability. The results of the multiple response desirability analysis showed the following formulation: WPC (5%), UFP (52.2%), and milk (42.8%) for the non hydrolyzed fermented dairy beverage (NHFDB) and WPC (5%), UFP (51%) and milk (44%) for the hydrolyzed beverage (HFDB). The developed beverages presented a non-Newtonian behavior (pseudoplastic) and gel-like characteristics for the non-hydrolyzed beverage, high sensory quality, acidity (0.55-0.68% lactic acid), pH (4.18-4.45), and syneresis (10.7-13.2%). The non hydrolyzed fermented dairy beverage was more stable over storage time in terms of physicochemical characteristics and syneresis than the hydrolyzed fermented dairy beverage.
{"title":"Development and characterization of a fermented dairy beverage from permeated and concentrated sweet whey sweetened with tagatose","authors":"Sandra Vargas Díaz, Héctor José Ciro Velásquez, José Uriel Sepúlveda Valencia","doi":"10.15446/rfnam.v76n1.100958","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/rfnam.v76n1.100958","url":null,"abstract":"Membrane separation technology in the dairy industry has become a basis for the innovation and processing of new products, as well as an alternative for the use of co-products, contributing to the reduction of the environmental impact that this industry generates. The objective of this work was to develop a fermented dairy beverage using sweet whey ultrafiltration permeate (UFP) and whey protein concentrate (WPC), evaluating its effect on physicochemical and techno-functional characteristics under storage with controlled conditions. The experimental design was a simplex centroid mixtures with WPC (2-5%), UFP (51-58%), and milk (40-47%) where a non-hydrolyzed (NHFDB) and hydrolyzed (HFDB) (> at 85%) beverage was formulated. Optimum beverages were obtained by minimizing syneresis and maximizing protein content, and overall product acceptability. The results of the multiple response desirability analysis showed the following formulation: WPC (5%), UFP (52.2%), and milk (42.8%) for the non hydrolyzed fermented dairy beverage (NHFDB) and WPC (5%), UFP (51%) and milk (44%) for the hydrolyzed beverage (HFDB). The developed beverages presented a non-Newtonian behavior (pseudoplastic) and gel-like characteristics for the non-hydrolyzed beverage, high sensory quality, acidity (0.55-0.68% lactic acid), pH (4.18-4.45), and syneresis (10.7-13.2%). The non hydrolyzed fermented dairy beverage was more stable over storage time in terms of physicochemical characteristics and syneresis than the hydrolyzed fermented dairy beverage.","PeriodicalId":21444,"journal":{"name":"Revista Facultad Nacional de Agronomía","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135798247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.15446/rfnam.v75n3.100730
Jeinson Estiven Bravo-Buitrago, Hector José Ciro-Velásquez, Carlos Julio Márquez-Cardozo
Mango (Mangifera indica) and pineapple (Ananas comosus) are two important fruits with many industrial uses and excellent sensory, nutritional and functional characteristics. In this research work, the development of intermediate moisture edible leathers obtained by convective drying technology of the mixture of mango and pineapple pulp at 60 and 70 °C was carried out, evaluating their physicochemical characterization and stability under controlled storage conditions at 25 and 35 °C. The results showed that leathers subjected to drying at 60 °C and stored at 35 °C presented a significant increase in water activity. Leathers stored at 35 °C showed greater browning due to the effect of storage temperature. The highest resistance to cutting and tension was observed in edible leathers dried at 70 °C and stored at 25 °C. The Young's Modulus in tension varied between 1.317 and 2.22 MPa. The greatest degradation of vitamin C (57%) was found in leathers dried at 70 °C and stored at 35 °C. It was possible to conclude that the mango and pineapple pulp-based leathers stored for 4 weeks presented physical-chemical and techno-functional characteristics that make them suitable for consumption.
{"title":"Study of the physicochemical and mechanical stability of an edible leather of mango (Mangifera indica) and pineapple (Ananas comosus) pulp","authors":"Jeinson Estiven Bravo-Buitrago, Hector José Ciro-Velásquez, Carlos Julio Márquez-Cardozo","doi":"10.15446/rfnam.v75n3.100730","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/rfnam.v75n3.100730","url":null,"abstract":"Mango (Mangifera indica) and pineapple (Ananas comosus) are two important fruits with many industrial uses and excellent sensory, nutritional and functional characteristics. In this research work, the development of intermediate moisture edible leathers obtained by convective drying technology of the mixture of mango and pineapple pulp at 60 and 70 °C was carried out, evaluating their physicochemical characterization and stability under controlled storage conditions at 25 and 35 °C. The results showed that leathers subjected to drying at 60 °C and stored at 35 °C presented a significant increase in water activity. Leathers stored at 35 °C showed greater browning due to the effect of storage temperature. The highest resistance to cutting and tension was observed in edible leathers dried at 70 °C and stored at 25 °C. The Young's Modulus in tension varied between 1.317 and 2.22 MPa. The greatest degradation of vitamin C (57%) was found in leathers dried at 70 °C and stored at 35 °C. It was possible to conclude that the mango and pineapple pulp-based leathers stored for 4 weeks presented physical-chemical and techno-functional characteristics that make them suitable for consumption.","PeriodicalId":21444,"journal":{"name":"Revista Facultad Nacional de Agronomía","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135798249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.15446/rfnam.v76n1.99647
Germán Darío Aguado, Ernesto Martin Uliarte, Mariano Iván Funes-Pinter
Tomato is one of the main horticultural products in Argentina. Its cultivation is intensive in the use of fertilizers and pesticides, which negatively impact the environment. The chemical fertilizers commonly used are, to some extent, gradually being replaced by liquid biofertilizers. A liquid biofertilizer (bioslurry) made from goat manure, fresh plant residues, and some mineral inputs was physicochemically characterized. To evaluate its effect on tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) performance, two trials were conducted between October and November 2020: a seed germination test with increasing bioslurry dilutions (0 to 15%); and another trial in a greenhouse located in Luján de Cuyo, Mendoza, to evaluate the effect of different doses of bioslurry (5, 10 and 15%), compared to a commercial fertilization plan for seedlings in plastic trays. The experimental design used was completely randomized plots in both cases. Bioslurry at concentrations above 5% negatively affected tomato seed germination. The biofertilizer achieved a nutritional effect on seedlings compared to the unfertilized control. However, this effect was inferior to the treatment with commercial fertilizers. It is advisable to initiate applications of bioslurry after seedlings have emerged. Further studies are needed on biofertilizer use concentrations, doses, application frequencies, and suitability for different crops. Also, to achieve the effect of a commercial fertilization program, it will be necessary to combine enriched bioslurry with other bio inputs that complement plant nutrition.
番茄是阿根廷的主要园艺产品之一。它的种植密集使用化肥和农药，这对环境产生了负面影响。常用的化学肥料在一定程度上正逐渐被液体生物肥料所取代。以羊粪、新鲜植物残茬和一些矿物原料为原料制备了一种液态生物肥料(生物浆)。为评价其对番茄(Solanum lycopersicum L.)生产性能的影响，于2020年10月至11月进行了两项试验:增加生物浆稀释度(0 ~ 15%)的种子发芽试验;另一项试验在门多萨Luján de Cuyo的一个温室进行，以评估不同剂量的生物浆(5%、10%和15%)的效果，并将其与商业施肥计划在塑料托盘中的幼苗进行比较。在这两种情况下使用的实验设计都是完全随机的。5%以上的生物浆对番茄种子萌发有不利影响。与未施肥的对照相比，生物肥料对幼苗有营养作用。然而，这种效果不如用商品肥料处理。建议在幼苗出现后开始施用生物浆。需要进一步研究生物肥料的使用浓度、剂量、施用频率和不同作物的适宜性。此外，为了达到商业施肥计划的效果，有必要将富集的生物浆与补充植物营养的其他生物投入结合起来。
{"title":"Effect of different concentrations of bioslurry on the germination and production of tomato seedlings (Solanum lycopersicum L.)","authors":"Germán Darío Aguado, Ernesto Martin Uliarte, Mariano Iván Funes-Pinter","doi":"10.15446/rfnam.v76n1.99647","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/rfnam.v76n1.99647","url":null,"abstract":"Tomato is one of the main horticultural products in Argentina. Its cultivation is intensive in the use of fertilizers and pesticides, which negatively impact the environment. The chemical fertilizers commonly used are, to some extent, gradually being replaced by liquid biofertilizers. A liquid biofertilizer (bioslurry) made from goat manure, fresh plant residues, and some mineral inputs was physicochemically characterized. To evaluate its effect on tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) performance, two trials were conducted between October and November 2020: a seed germination test with increasing bioslurry dilutions (0 to 15%); and another trial in a greenhouse located in Luján de Cuyo, Mendoza, to evaluate the effect of different doses of bioslurry (5, 10 and 15%), compared to a commercial fertilization plan for seedlings in plastic trays. The experimental design used was completely randomized plots in both cases. Bioslurry at concentrations above 5% negatively affected tomato seed germination. The biofertilizer achieved a nutritional effect on seedlings compared to the unfertilized control. However, this effect was inferior to the treatment with commercial fertilizers. It is advisable to initiate applications of bioslurry after seedlings have emerged. Further studies are needed on biofertilizer use concentrations, doses, application frequencies, and suitability for different crops. Also, to achieve the effect of a commercial fertilization program, it will be necessary to combine enriched bioslurry with other bio inputs that complement plant nutrition.","PeriodicalId":21444,"journal":{"name":"Revista Facultad Nacional de Agronomía","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135798253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.15446/rfnam.v76n1.100536
Andrea Hermosa Otero, Misael Cortés-Rodríguez, Jaime Velásquez-Restrepo
Canangucha is a palm from the Colombian Amazon of great industry interest, due to its expansion and ecosystem and food services it offers to communities. The objective of this work was to evaluate the morphometric, physical, and chemical characteristics, as well as the yield of the canangucha fruit in both EI and EII ecotypes, this characterization can become the starting point for the development of the value chain of the fruit. For the fruits and seeds, the longitudinal diameter (LD), equatorial diameter (ED), mass (g), and color (L*, a*, b*) were determined. The pulp was characterized based on pH, °Brix, moisture content, aw, color, crude protein, total lipids, crude fiber, carbohydrates, minerals, total phenols (TP), antioxidant capacity (ABTS and DPPH methods), α-carotene, β- carotene and α-tocopherol. The fruit mass is comprised 61-65% seed, 15 17% pulp and 19-21% pericarp. The morphometric variables of the fruit and seed of ecotypes I and II showed a significant difference (P<0.05). The color of the fruit presented significant changes based on its ripeness, and the luminosity fluctuated between 26.8%-53.7%; while the pulp presented a yellow-orange hue with a variation in the color plane (a*, b*), being between (11.3, 5.1) and (23.4, 43.5). The EI ecotype pulp presented better quality attributes: total lipids (34.2%), crude fiber (22.2%), crude protein (6.8%), pH: 3.6-4.4, °Brix: 15-16, TP: 1467.3±146.5 mg GAE 100g-1, DPPH: 2.5±0.1 mg TE g-1, ABTS: 3.0±0.2 mg TE g-1, β carotene: 68.2±9.6 mg 100g-1, and 11927.7 µg RAE. It was concluded that canangucha has an important nutritional value and compounds with physiological activity, which identifies it with great potential to be used in the food and pharmaceutical industries.
{"title":"Canangucha (Mauritia flexuosa L. f): A potential fruit in the colombian amazon","authors":"Andrea Hermosa Otero, Misael Cortés-Rodríguez, Jaime Velásquez-Restrepo","doi":"10.15446/rfnam.v76n1.100536","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/rfnam.v76n1.100536","url":null,"abstract":"Canangucha is a palm from the Colombian Amazon of great industry interest, due to its expansion and ecosystem and food services it offers to communities. The objective of this work was to evaluate the morphometric, physical, and chemical characteristics, as well as the yield of the canangucha fruit in both EI and EII ecotypes, this characterization can become the starting point for the development of the value chain of the fruit. For the fruits and seeds, the longitudinal diameter (LD), equatorial diameter (ED), mass (g), and color (L*, a*, b*) were determined. The pulp was characterized based on pH, °Brix, moisture content, aw, color, crude protein, total lipids, crude fiber, carbohydrates, minerals, total phenols (TP), antioxidant capacity (ABTS and DPPH methods), α-carotene, β- carotene and α-tocopherol. The fruit mass is comprised 61-65% seed, 15 17% pulp and 19-21% pericarp. The morphometric variables of the fruit and seed of ecotypes I and II showed a significant difference (P<0.05). The color of the fruit presented significant changes based on its ripeness, and the luminosity fluctuated between 26.8%-53.7%; while the pulp presented a yellow-orange hue with a variation in the color plane (a*, b*), being between (11.3, 5.1) and (23.4, 43.5). The EI ecotype pulp presented better quality attributes: total lipids (34.2%), crude fiber (22.2%), crude protein (6.8%), pH: 3.6-4.4, °Brix: 15-16, TP: 1467.3±146.5 mg GAE 100g-1, DPPH: 2.5±0.1 mg TE g-1, ABTS: 3.0±0.2 mg TE g-1, β carotene: 68.2±9.6 mg 100g-1, and 11927.7 µg RAE. It was concluded that canangucha has an important nutritional value and compounds with physiological activity, which identifies it with great potential to be used in the food and pharmaceutical industries.","PeriodicalId":21444,"journal":{"name":"Revista Facultad Nacional de Agronomía","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135798242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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