Pub Date : 2023-03-30DOI: 10.34104/ajpab.023.020027
The study was conducted at Agricultural Research Centre with the objective of identifying the best-performing perennial grass species under supplemental irrigation and advising the promising cultivated fodder grass for smallholder livestock producers. Randomized Complete Block Design of six perennial grass species with three replications was employed. The six perennial grass species used were T1 (Brachiaria mutica_18659), T2 (Cynodon aethiopicus), T3 (Pennisetum sphacelatum), T4 (Brachiaria decumbense), T5 (Chloris gayana cv. Masaba), and T6 (Brachiaria mutica_6964). The result revealed that agronomic performance of cover, vigor, and height was varied (P<0.001) among perennial grass species. Furthermore, effects of cover (P<0.05), vigor (P<0.05) and height (P<0.001), and dry matter contents (P<0.05) of perennial species over years were found. The dry matter yields and contents of P. sphacelatum (22.85 ton ha-1 and 41.7%) followed by C. aethiopicus (12.53 ton ha-1 and 40.6%) of perennial grass species performed better (P<0.001) than others. The highest (P<0.001) dry matter yield (20.3 ton ha-1) was obtained during the second year of harvest than the first (12.65 ton ha-1) and third (11.36 ton ha-1) year harvests. Similarly, the highest (P<0.001) dry matter percent of the perennial grass species was also found during the second year harvest (50.1%) than the first (25.8%) and third (40.0%) year harvests. The lowest dry matter yield was recorded by C. gayana at the first year (8.5 ton ha-1) and third year (8 ton ha-1) harvests. Likewise, B. mutica_18659 provided the lowest dry matter yield (12.9 tons ha-1) during the second harvest period. Hence, smallholder farmers can preferably be advised to use P. sphacelatum and C. aethiopicus perennial grass fodder crops resources under supplemental irrigation.
这项研究是在农业研究中心进行的，目的是确定在补充灌溉下表现最好的多年生牧草品种，并为小农畜牧业生产者提供有前途的栽培饲料草。采用随机完全区组设计，对6种多年生禾本科植物进行3个重复试验。6种多年生牧草分别为T1 (Brachiaria mutica_18659)、T2 (Cynodon aethiopicus)、T3 (Pennisetum sphacelatum)、T4 (Brachiaria decumbense)、T5 (Chloris gayana cv.)。Masaba)和T6 (Brachiaria mutica_6964)。结果表明，不同多年生草本植物的盖度、活力和高度的农艺性能存在差异(P<0.001)。此外，盖度(P<0.05)、活力(P<0.05)、高度(P<0.001)和干物质含量(P<0.05)对多年生植物的年际变化也有影响。多年生禾草种中干物质产量和含量最高的是棘松(22.85 ton ha-1, 41.7%)，其次是埃塞俄比亚棘松(12.53 ton ha-1, 40.6%) (P<0.001)。干物质产量在第二年最高(20.3 ton ha-1)，高于第一年(12.65 ton ha-1)和第三年(11.36 ton ha-1)。同样，多年生牧草的干物质百分比在第二年(50.1%)高于第一年(25.8%)和第三年(40.0%)，P<0.001。干物质产量最低的是甘菊在收获第一年(8.5吨公顷)和第三年(8吨公顷)。第二采收期干物质产量最低的是mutica_18659 (12.9 t hm -1)。因此，建议小农在补充灌溉条件下，较好地利用棘草和埃塞俄比亚棘草多年生草料作物资源。
{"title":"Performance of Perennial Grass Species under Supplemental Irrigation","authors":"","doi":"10.34104/ajpab.023.020027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34104/ajpab.023.020027","url":null,"abstract":"The study was conducted at Agricultural Research Centre with the objective of identifying the best-performing perennial grass species under supplemental irrigation and advising the promising cultivated fodder grass for smallholder livestock producers. Randomized Complete Block Design of six perennial grass species with three replications was employed. The six perennial grass species used were T1 (Brachiaria mutica_18659), T2 (Cynodon aethiopicus), T3 (Pennisetum sphacelatum), T4 (Brachiaria decumbense), T5 (Chloris gayana cv. Masaba), and T6 (Brachiaria mutica_6964). The result revealed that agronomic performance of cover, vigor, and height was varied (P<0.001) among perennial grass species. Furthermore, effects of cover (P<0.05), vigor (P<0.05) and height (P<0.001), and dry matter contents (P<0.05) of perennial species over years were found. The dry matter yields and contents of P. sphacelatum (22.85 ton ha-1 and 41.7%) followed by C. aethiopicus (12.53 ton ha-1 and 40.6%) of perennial grass species performed better (P<0.001) than others. The highest (P<0.001) dry matter yield (20.3 ton ha-1) was obtained during the second year of harvest than the first (12.65 ton ha-1) and third (11.36 ton ha-1) year harvests. Similarly, the highest (P<0.001) dry matter percent of the perennial grass species was also found during the second year harvest (50.1%) than the first (25.8%) and third (40.0%) year harvests. The lowest dry matter yield was recorded by C. gayana at the first year (8.5 ton ha-1) and third year (8 ton ha-1) harvests. Likewise, B. mutica_18659 provided the lowest dry matter yield (12.9 tons ha-1) during the second harvest period. Hence, smallholder farmers can preferably be advised to use P. sphacelatum and C. aethiopicus perennial grass fodder crops resources under supplemental irrigation.","PeriodicalId":214462,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Pure and Applied Biosciences","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132471816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-25DOI: 10.34104/ajpab.023.013019
The study was conducted to evaluate the prevalence of tuberculosis among the populations of Bera, Pabna from January to December 2021. Samples (Sputum) were collected from 09 different unions of susceptible pulmonary TB patients of different ages and occupations by field health workers in Bera, Pabna using a pretest and questionnaire. A gross of 4353 samples (January-December 2021) was tested by fluorescent smear microscope and GeneXpert, in the middle of them, 2442 (56%) were male, and the rest of 1911 (44%) were female. We stained 2577 samples and 151 participants tested positive. By the GeneXpert method, we tested 1776 samples and 266 tested positive. We identify a total of 417 sputa positive, of these 253 (61%) were male and 164 (39%) were female. We found a total of 542 positive TB patients from January to December 2021, in the middle of them, Bacteriologically confirm 405 (75%), Clinically diagnosed 25 ( 5% ), Extrapulmonary 78 (14%), Retreatment 32 (6%) and Failure 2 (0%). The maximum positive TB patient's age was >65 years. In comparisons between 2020 and 2021, the number of positive TB patients in 2020 was 408, and in 2021 was 542. Microscopy and Xpert test together to make it possible for large amounts of presumptive tests and diagnosed easily to determine the prevalence of tuberculosis. The overall prevalence of pulmonary tuberculosis among the participants was 9.6%.
{"title":"Assessment of the Prevalence of Tuberculosis among the High Risk Populations of Bera, Pabna","authors":"","doi":"10.34104/ajpab.023.013019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34104/ajpab.023.013019","url":null,"abstract":"The study was conducted to evaluate the prevalence of tuberculosis among the populations of Bera, Pabna from January to December 2021. Samples (Sputum) were collected from 09 different unions of susceptible pulmonary TB patients of different ages and occupations by field health workers in Bera, Pabna using a pretest and questionnaire. A gross of 4353 samples (January-December 2021) was tested by fluorescent smear microscope and GeneXpert, in the middle of them, 2442 (56%) were male, and the rest of 1911 (44%) were female. We stained 2577 samples and 151 participants tested positive. By the GeneXpert method, we tested 1776 samples and 266 tested positive. We identify a total of 417 sputa positive, of these 253 (61%) were male and 164 (39%) were female. We found a total of 542 positive TB patients from January to December 2021, in the middle of them, Bacteriologically confirm 405 (75%), Clinically diagnosed 25 ( 5% ), Extrapulmonary 78 (14%), Retreatment 32 (6%) and Failure 2 (0%). The maximum positive TB patient's age was >65 years. In comparisons between 2020 and 2021, the number of positive TB patients in 2020 was 408, and in 2021 was 542. Microscopy and Xpert test together to make it possible for large amounts of presumptive tests and diagnosed easily to determine the prevalence of tuberculosis. The overall prevalence of pulmonary tuberculosis among the participants was 9.6%.","PeriodicalId":214462,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Pure and Applied Biosciences","volume":"341 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132009045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-07DOI: 10.34104/ajpab.023.001012
This study was cross-sectional in nature. To determine the health issue caused by lead exposure in lead acid storage battery companies, a total of 100 correspondents were questioned and examined. The participants were chosen on purpose from 11 lead acid storage battery facilities in Dhaka. A pretested questionnaire and check list were used by the researcher to gather data. All the interviewees were male and varied in age between 14 to 50. There were 18 participants in the 14 - 18 age cohorts, a group that is particularly susceptible to lead poisoning. According to the report, most factories disregard their own standards. Because the employees manage the load plate and lead oxide with their bare hands throughout the manufacturing process, lead is frequently contaminated and eventually absorbed through food. 85 out of the 100 responders reported clinically significant symptoms and indications of lead poisoning. Progressive weakness, decreased appetite, constipation, abdominal pain, joint as well as muscular distress, anemia, and anger were among the most prevalent observations. Four respondents had high blood pressure. With the length of the task, the symptoms became more severe. It was discovered that gender as well as clinical manifestations correlated with one another. Additionally, statistically meaningful was the correlation between age and the length of duration of employment and clinical manifestations. Hospital or even other facilities weren't included. The personal hygiene status was found good. About 15% of responders utilized hand gloves, which is a very insufficient level of safety precautions. This investigation was unable to pinpoint any associations among clinical symptoms and past employment history, educational attainment, degree of personal cleanliness, or safety precautions taken.
{"title":"Exploring Health Problems among Lead Acid Storage Battery Workers in Dhaka City, Bangladesh","authors":"","doi":"10.34104/ajpab.023.001012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34104/ajpab.023.001012","url":null,"abstract":"This study was cross-sectional in nature. To determine the health issue caused by lead exposure in lead acid storage battery companies, a total of 100 correspondents were questioned and examined. The participants were chosen on purpose from 11 lead acid storage battery facilities in Dhaka. A pretested questionnaire and check list were used by the researcher to gather data. All the interviewees were male and varied in age between 14 to 50. There were 18 participants in the 14 - 18 age cohorts, a group that is particularly susceptible to lead poisoning. According to the report, most factories disregard their own standards. Because the employees manage the load plate and lead oxide with their bare hands throughout the manufacturing process, lead is frequently contaminated and eventually absorbed through food. 85 out of the 100 responders reported clinically significant symptoms and indications of lead poisoning. Progressive weakness, decreased appetite, constipation, abdominal pain, joint as well as muscular distress, anemia, and anger were among the most prevalent observations. Four respondents had high blood pressure. With the length of the task, the symptoms became more severe. It was discovered that gender as well as clinical manifestations correlated with one another. Additionally, statistically meaningful was the correlation between age and the length of duration of employment and clinical manifestations. Hospital or even other facilities weren't included. The personal hygiene status was found good. About 15% of responders utilized hand gloves, which is a very insufficient level of safety precautions. This investigation was unable to pinpoint any associations among clinical symptoms and past employment history, educational attainment, degree of personal cleanliness, or safety precautions taken.","PeriodicalId":214462,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Pure and Applied Biosciences","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129183709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-07DOI: 10.34104/ajpab.022.01030114
Mohammad Ali, Mohammad Muktadir Alam, M. T. Hossain, Mohammad, R. Islam, Mohammad Afzal Hossain, M. S. Huda, Md. Nazmul Haque
The experiment which likened the execution of high-placed outcome briefly cold duration and heat-tolerant varieties under increasing temperature was carried out in two successive crop seasons (2017-18 and 2018-19) at a farmer's field in Maniksari Upzila within Khagrachari Hill District during the Rabi season (November–March). Early mature wheat types made available by BARI were sown at the ideal time and were heat, saline tolerant as a coping strategy for extreme heat stress. There were six short time wheat cultivars developed recently in heat and stress (BARI Gom 25, BARI Gom 28, BARI Gom 30, BARI Gom 32, BARI Gom 33, and Advance Line BAW 1147). BARI Gom 33 (3.86 t/ha and 3.80 t/ha) and BARI Gom 30 (3.78 t/ha and 3.56 t/ha) produced the highest crop yields over the course of a few years. BARI Gom 32 (3.00 t/ha and 3.40 t/ha), Advance line 1147 (2.96 t/ha and 3.04 t/ha), and BARI Gom 28 (2.59 t/ha and 3.10 t/ha) were found the highest yields. BARI Gom 25 (2.74 t/ha and 2.89 t/ha) had the lowest yield. The quantity of biomass yield and wheat crop output differed significantly, but the other characteristics had little bearing. BARI Gom 25 was the earliest maturing variety, and BARI Gom 33 generated the highest crop output compared to other varieties. The highest benefit cost ratio (BCR) was 1.48 displayed by BARI Gom 33 and the lowest by BARI Gom 25 which was 1.08. According to the experiment's findings, BARI Gom 33 was among the six kinds in the Khagrachari Hills' early high producing and most adaptable variety. BARI Gom 30 also may be cultivated in the Khagrachari Hills District.
{"title":"Effect of Hill Temperature on Wheat Variety Development and Yield in the District of Khagrachari","authors":"Mohammad Ali, Mohammad Muktadir Alam, M. T. Hossain, Mohammad, R. Islam, Mohammad Afzal Hossain, M. S. Huda, Md. Nazmul Haque","doi":"10.34104/ajpab.022.01030114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34104/ajpab.022.01030114","url":null,"abstract":"The experiment which likened the execution of high-placed outcome briefly cold duration and heat-tolerant varieties under increasing temperature was carried out in two successive crop seasons (2017-18 and 2018-19) at a farmer's field in Maniksari Upzila within Khagrachari Hill District during the Rabi season (November–March). Early mature wheat types made available by BARI were sown at the ideal time and were heat, saline tolerant as a coping strategy for extreme heat stress. There were six short time wheat cultivars developed recently in heat and stress (BARI Gom 25, BARI Gom 28, BARI Gom 30, BARI Gom 32, BARI Gom 33, and Advance Line BAW 1147). BARI Gom 33 (3.86 t/ha and 3.80 t/ha) and BARI Gom 30 (3.78 t/ha and 3.56 t/ha) produced the highest crop yields over the course of a few years. BARI Gom 32 (3.00 t/ha and 3.40 t/ha), Advance line 1147 (2.96 t/ha and 3.04 t/ha), and BARI Gom 28 (2.59 t/ha and 3.10 t/ha) were found the highest yields. BARI Gom 25 (2.74 t/ha and 2.89 t/ha) had the lowest yield. The quantity of biomass yield and wheat crop output differed significantly, but the other characteristics had little bearing. BARI Gom 25 was the earliest maturing variety, and BARI Gom 33 generated the highest crop output compared to other varieties. The highest benefit cost ratio (BCR) was 1.48 displayed by BARI Gom 33 and the lowest by BARI Gom 25 which was 1.08. According to the experiment's findings, BARI Gom 33 was among the six kinds in the Khagrachari Hills' early high producing and most adaptable variety. BARI Gom 30 also may be cultivated in the Khagrachari Hills District.","PeriodicalId":214462,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Pure and Applied Biosciences","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121661856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-30DOI: 10.34104/ajpab.022.0940102
Microbial resistance to antibiotics has been raised over time, creating a serious burden and an issue that requires a quick response. As a result, interest has shifted to medicinal plants as natural, effective, and cost-efficient alternatives. The goal of this study was to assess the antibacterial and antifungal activities of the dried buds of the clove’s flowers, which were extracted in 250 ml of ethanol using the Soxhlet apparatus. Subsequently, DMSO stock solutions were utilized to create concentrations of 100, 50, 25, 12.5, 6.25, and ultimately 3.125 mg/ml. Following that, the agar-well diffusion technique was utilized for the evaluation of the antibacterial activities of the clove extract against gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus and Group A Streptococcus bacteria) and gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli), as well as Candida albicans, isolated and identified through the pediatric hospital's medical laboratory west of Gaza city. Lastly, the results of this study clearly showed that the ethanolic extract of dried immature flower buds of clove has anti-S. aureus and anti-group A Streptococcus effects, as well as for the C. albicans used in the present study, with the exception of E. coli, which demonstrated resistance to the plant extract at all concentrations tested. While the lowest concentrations that showed anti-bacterial activity were revealed to be 12.5 and 25 mg/ml for anti-S. aureus and anti-group A Streptococcus, respectively, with inhibition zone diameters of 2 and 1 mm, on the other hand, 25 mg/ml with a 2 mm inhibition zone was determined to have the lowest concentration that had anti-C. albicans activity. This study concluded that cloves can be employed as a plant with anti-bacterial and anti-fungal characteristics, but additional research is required.
{"title":"Antibacterial and Anticandidal Activity of Ethanolic Extract of Immature Flower Buds of Syzygium aromaticum","authors":"","doi":"10.34104/ajpab.022.0940102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34104/ajpab.022.0940102","url":null,"abstract":"Microbial resistance to antibiotics has been raised over time, creating a serious burden and an issue that requires a quick response. As a result, interest has shifted to medicinal plants as natural, effective, and cost-efficient alternatives. The goal of this study was to assess the antibacterial and antifungal activities of the dried buds of the clove’s flowers, which were extracted in 250 ml of ethanol using the Soxhlet apparatus. Subsequently, DMSO stock solutions were utilized to create concentrations of 100, 50, 25, 12.5, 6.25, and ultimately 3.125 mg/ml. Following that, the agar-well diffusion technique was utilized for the evaluation of the antibacterial activities of the clove extract against gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus and Group A Streptococcus bacteria) and gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli), as well as Candida albicans, isolated and identified through the pediatric hospital's medical laboratory west of Gaza city. Lastly, the results of this study clearly showed that the ethanolic extract of dried immature flower buds of clove has anti-S. aureus and anti-group A Streptococcus effects, as well as for the C. albicans used in the present study, with the exception of E. coli, which demonstrated resistance to the plant extract at all concentrations tested. While the lowest concentrations that showed anti-bacterial activity were revealed to be 12.5 and 25 mg/ml for anti-S. aureus and anti-group A Streptococcus, respectively, with inhibition zone diameters of 2 and 1 mm, on the other hand, 25 mg/ml with a 2 mm inhibition zone was determined to have the lowest concentration that had anti-C. albicans activity. This study concluded that cloves can be employed as a plant with anti-bacterial and anti-fungal characteristics, but additional research is required.","PeriodicalId":214462,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Pure and Applied Biosciences","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125283302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-29DOI: 10.34104/ajpab.022.089093
The genus Acinetobacter currently contains 34 species, the vast majority of which are not regularly implicated in causing infection. However, Carbapenems have long been thought of as the agents of choice for serious Acinetobacter baumannii infections. The objective of this study is to determine the Antibiotics susceptibility profile of Acinetobacter spp Isolated from clinical specimen University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin. The descriptive cross-sectional study is conducted in UITH located in North Central Nigeria. 10 strains of Acinetobacter spp. were isolated from clinical samples between February to July 2018. The isolated strains were identified using standard microbiological methods, API20NE. Antimicrobial susceptibility was performed using the Modified Kirby Bauer method with the organism tested against Amoxicillin, Amoxicillin-Clavulanate, Ceftriaxone, Cefixime, Cefuroxime, Streptomycin, Perfloxacin, Gentamicin, Imipenem, Nitrofurantoin. Most of the antibiotics used in this study are mostly multi-drug resistant. Amoxicillin (100%), Cefixime, Amoxicillin Clavulanate (100%), Cefuroxime (100%), Gentamicin (100%), Nitrofurantoin (100%), Ceftriaxone (100%) but 80% are susceptible to Imipenem. Carbapenems are the best antibiotic treatment option for infections arising from these organisms although a coordinated rational usage is desired along with a functional antibiotic prescription policy to avoid treatment failures. Continuous monitoring of resistance patterns is necessary to strengthen infection control policies.
{"title":"The Antibiotics Susceptibility Profile of Acinetobacter spp Isolated from Clinical Specimens in University Teaching Hospital","authors":"","doi":"10.34104/ajpab.022.089093","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34104/ajpab.022.089093","url":null,"abstract":"The genus Acinetobacter currently contains 34 species, the vast majority of which are not regularly implicated in causing infection. However, Carbapenems have long been thought of as the agents of choice for serious Acinetobacter baumannii infections. The objective of this study is to determine the Antibiotics susceptibility profile of Acinetobacter spp Isolated from clinical specimen University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin. The descriptive cross-sectional study is conducted in UITH located in North Central Nigeria. 10 strains of Acinetobacter spp. were isolated from clinical samples between February to July 2018. The isolated strains were identified using standard microbiological methods, API20NE. Antimicrobial susceptibility was performed using the Modified Kirby Bauer method with the organism tested against Amoxicillin, Amoxicillin-Clavulanate, Ceftriaxone, Cefixime, Cefuroxime, Streptomycin, Perfloxacin, Gentamicin, Imipenem, Nitrofurantoin. Most of the antibiotics used in this study are mostly multi-drug resistant. Amoxicillin (100%), Cefixime, Amoxicillin Clavulanate (100%), Cefuroxime (100%), Gentamicin (100%), Nitrofurantoin (100%), Ceftriaxone (100%) but 80% are susceptible to Imipenem. Carbapenems are the best antibiotic treatment option for infections arising from these organisms although a coordinated rational usage is desired along with a functional antibiotic prescription policy to avoid treatment failures. Continuous monitoring of resistance patterns is necessary to strengthen infection control policies.","PeriodicalId":214462,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Pure and Applied Biosciences","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132822564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-05DOI: 10.34104/ajpab.022.078088
Agro forestry systems are believed to provide several ecosystem services; however, until recently evidence in the agro forestry literature supporting these perceived benefits has been lacking. This paper aimed to provide empirical information on the role of agro forestry in ecosystem maintenance and climate change adaptation and mitigation provided by agro forestry. Agro forestry has played a greater role in the maintenance of the ecosystem and mitigation of CO2 than monocropping and open cereal-based agriculture but less than natural forest. Agro forestry is important for preserving biodiversity, CO2 sequestration, and adapting to climate change. CO2 sequestration through above and ground biomass, offsetting CO2 emission from deforestation and microclimate modification are major climate change mitigation effects. Provision of numerous ecosystem services such as food, fodder, and fuel wood, income source, and enhancing soil productivity help the community to sustain changing climate effects. Hence, considerable attention needs to be given to agro forestry to contribute considerable benefit to the maintenance of the ecosystem, and climate change mitigation and adaptation next to a forest.
{"title":"The Role of Agroforestry in Ecosystem Maintenance and Climate Change Regulation: A Review","authors":"","doi":"10.34104/ajpab.022.078088","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34104/ajpab.022.078088","url":null,"abstract":"Agro forestry systems are believed to provide several ecosystem services; however, until recently evidence in the agro forestry literature supporting these perceived benefits has been lacking. This paper aimed to provide empirical information on the role of agro forestry in ecosystem maintenance and climate change adaptation and mitigation provided by agro forestry. Agro forestry has played a greater role in the maintenance of the ecosystem and mitigation of CO2 than monocropping and open cereal-based agriculture but less than natural forest. Agro forestry is important for preserving biodiversity, CO2 sequestration, and adapting to climate change. CO2 sequestration through above and ground biomass, offsetting CO2 emission from deforestation and microclimate modification are major climate change mitigation effects. Provision of numerous ecosystem services such as food, fodder, and fuel wood, income source, and enhancing soil productivity help the community to sustain changing climate effects. Hence, considerable attention needs to be given to agro forestry to contribute considerable benefit to the maintenance of the ecosystem, and climate change mitigation and adaptation next to a forest.","PeriodicalId":214462,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Pure and Applied Biosciences","volume":"74 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124568088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-07DOI: 10.34104/ajpab.022.065077
An experiment was completed to examine the performance of high yield and heat tolerant wheat types under rising temperatures in hill districts of Bandarban, Rangamati Khagrachari (South Asia). During the Rabi season (November to March each year), the trial was done at 3 hill regions (districts) in Farmer’s field, Bangladesh throughout two crop seasons (2020-21 and 2021-22) at various locations in one upazilla in each of the 3 (three) hill region (districts). We use freshly announced high-yield wheat varieties for optimal sowing and heat tolerance as an adaptation strategy in hills suffering from terminal heat stress. BARI Gom 30, BARI Gom 32, BARI Gom 33, WMRI Gom 01, and WMRI Gom 02 were the five high-yielding heat tolerant wheat types. BARI Gom 33 (3.16 t/ha) has produced the highest crop output, followed by BARI Gom 30 (3.09 t/ha). WMRI Gom 02 (3.00 t/ha), BARI Gom 32 (2.97 t/ha) and the lowest performance was WMRI Gom 01(2.87 t/ha) in the last years. The difference in wheat crop output and biological yield was considerable, but the rest of the characteristics were unimportant. BARI Gom 33 was the yielded and adapted variety of the greatest likened to the others. WMRI Gom 01 had an insignificant benefit-cost ratio (BCR) of 1.06, whereas BARI Gom 33 had the maximum BCR of 1.22 in alliance with the five types tested, BARI Gom 33 was the high yielding and most adaptable.
{"title":"Performance of New Wheat Yield in Bangladesh's Three Hill Districts (Bandarban, Rangamati, and Khagrachari)","authors":"","doi":"10.34104/ajpab.022.065077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34104/ajpab.022.065077","url":null,"abstract":"An experiment was completed to examine the performance of high yield and heat tolerant wheat types under rising temperatures in hill districts of Bandarban, Rangamati Khagrachari (South Asia). During the Rabi season (November to March each year), the trial was done at 3 hill regions (districts) in Farmer’s field, Bangladesh throughout two crop seasons (2020-21 and 2021-22) at various locations in one upazilla in each of the 3 (three) hill region (districts). We use freshly announced high-yield wheat varieties for optimal sowing and heat tolerance as an adaptation strategy in hills suffering from terminal heat stress. BARI Gom 30, BARI Gom 32, BARI Gom 33, WMRI Gom 01, and WMRI Gom 02 were the five high-yielding heat tolerant wheat types. BARI Gom 33 (3.16 t/ha) has produced the highest crop output, followed by BARI Gom 30 (3.09 t/ha). WMRI Gom 02 (3.00 t/ha), BARI Gom 32 (2.97 t/ha) and the lowest performance was WMRI Gom 01(2.87 t/ha) in the last years. The difference in wheat crop output and biological yield was considerable, but the rest of the characteristics were unimportant. BARI Gom 33 was the yielded and adapted variety of the greatest likened to the others. WMRI Gom 01 had an insignificant benefit-cost ratio (BCR) of 1.06, whereas BARI Gom 33 had the maximum BCR of 1.22 in alliance with the five types tested, BARI Gom 33 was the high yielding and most adaptable.","PeriodicalId":214462,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Pure and Applied Biosciences","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130161501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-03DOI: 10.34104/ajpab.022.055064
There were 172 heads comprising 141 hens and 31 roosters from the Davao region collected and randomly sampled to describe the phenotypic characteristics in terms of qualitative (feather morphology, comb type, skin, and shank color) and quantitative (body weight, body length, chest circumference, shank length, height, and wingspan) traits of the mottled native chickens. The modified Philippine Native Animal Development survey questionnaire was used in the collection of data. Qualitative traits were analyzed using frequency and percentages while quantitative characteristics were analyzed through one-way ANOVA using Tukey's HSD test. There morphological characteristics of native chicken in the Davao region vary by province. Nonetheless, mottled native chicken is predominantly of a single comb, white skin, yellow shank, and normal feather morphology. Body weight and length, chest circumference, shank length, and wingspan for chickens were significantly different except for the body height of mottled native chickens across provinces. Meanwhile, all morphometric characteristics of roosters are significantly different across provinces. The mottled type of native chicken in the Davao region has been found out diverse as manifested in the quantitative and qualitative characteristics gathered. This study recommends incorporating the results of the genotypic characteristics of mottled native chickens in the Davao Region to further determine its diversity and lineages.
{"title":"Phenotypic Characterization of Mottled Native Chicken in Davao Region, Philippines","authors":"","doi":"10.34104/ajpab.022.055064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34104/ajpab.022.055064","url":null,"abstract":"There were 172 heads comprising 141 hens and 31 roosters from the Davao region collected and randomly sampled to describe the phenotypic characteristics in terms of qualitative (feather morphology, comb type, skin, and shank color) and quantitative (body weight, body length, chest circumference, shank length, height, and wingspan) traits of the mottled native chickens. The modified Philippine Native Animal Development survey questionnaire was used in the collection of data. Qualitative traits were analyzed using frequency and percentages while quantitative characteristics were analyzed through one-way ANOVA using Tukey's HSD test. There morphological characteristics of native chicken in the Davao region vary by province. Nonetheless, mottled native chicken is predominantly of a single comb, white skin, yellow shank, and normal feather morphology. Body weight and length, chest circumference, shank length, and wingspan for chickens were significantly different except for the body height of mottled native chickens across provinces. Meanwhile, all morphometric characteristics of roosters are significantly different across provinces. The mottled type of native chicken in the Davao region has been found out diverse as manifested in the quantitative and qualitative characteristics gathered. This study recommends incorporating the results of the genotypic characteristics of mottled native chickens in the Davao Region to further determine its diversity and lineages.","PeriodicalId":214462,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Pure and Applied Biosciences","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124653338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-10DOI: 10.34104/ajpab.022.047054
Mongla City in the southern part of Bangladesh is facing problems with the scarcity of suitable drinking water. The present study is to identify the suitability of the geochemical property of groundwater for drinking purposes. The water samples from 24 Tub-wells, Tab water, and other drinking water sources have been collected. The main purpose is to assess the groundwater arsenic and salinity hazard in Mongla City and its surrounding area. The pH value of drinking water in the study area ranges from 6.7 to 7.38 with an average value of 7.09, which is within the permissible limit for drinking uses. The TDS values range from 95.96-to 1365.60 mg/l. The EC and TDS values fall within the drinking water quality standard. According to WHO, the Arsenic contamination ranges between 0 ppb – 335 ppb which is within the permissible range of the Bangladesh Arsenic Standard (<50ppb). All the Cations and Anions are within the permissible limit of the drinking uses except the Na+ concentration is slightly higher with an average value being 203.36 mg/l. The people in the Rampal area get safe drinking water within 50m far away from their house and some are very near to their houses. Mongla city is located very near to the coaster hence few deep tubes are well found and high salinity intrusion is unsuitable for drinking purposes, Most of the time, they had to buy safe drinking water from NGOs or GO controlled companies. Very few people use Tap water and pond water for drinking purposes. The Groundwater of the study area is slight to moderate and suitable for drinking purposes in terms of salinity hazards and arsenic concentration is within the acceptable range. Hence, it can be concluded that groundwater o Mongla city and the surrounding area are good for health.
{"title":"Assessment of Drinking Water Quality and its Effects on Health from Mongla City with Surrounding Area of Bangladesh","authors":"","doi":"10.34104/ajpab.022.047054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34104/ajpab.022.047054","url":null,"abstract":"Mongla City in the southern part of Bangladesh is facing problems with the scarcity of suitable drinking water. The present study is to identify the suitability of the geochemical property of groundwater for drinking purposes. The water samples from 24 Tub-wells, Tab water, and other drinking water sources have been collected. The main purpose is to assess the groundwater arsenic and salinity hazard in Mongla City and its surrounding area. The pH value of drinking water in the study area ranges from 6.7 to 7.38 with an average value of 7.09, which is within the permissible limit for drinking uses. The TDS values range from 95.96-to 1365.60 mg/l. The EC and TDS values fall within the drinking water quality standard. According to WHO, the Arsenic contamination ranges between 0 ppb – 335 ppb which is within the permissible range of the Bangladesh Arsenic Standard (<50ppb). All the Cations and Anions are within the permissible limit of the drinking uses except the Na+ concentration is slightly higher with an average value being 203.36 mg/l. The people in the Rampal area get safe drinking water within 50m far away from their house and some are very near to their houses. Mongla city is located very near to the coaster hence few deep tubes are well found and high salinity intrusion is unsuitable for drinking purposes, Most of the time, they had to buy safe drinking water from NGOs or GO controlled companies. Very few people use Tap water and pond water for drinking purposes. The Groundwater of the study area is slight to moderate and suitable for drinking purposes in terms of salinity hazards and arsenic concentration is within the acceptable range. Hence, it can be concluded that groundwater o Mongla city and the surrounding area are good for health.","PeriodicalId":214462,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Pure and Applied Biosciences","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128356082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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