Pub Date : 2022-05-07DOI: 10.34104/ajpab.022.041046
Bangladesh is frequently cited as a country that is extremely vulnerable to climate change. Socioeconomic sectors like agriculture and fishing are more climate-sensitive in the country. These climate change impacts are extremely detrimental to the economy, the environment, and the social development of the people in the study area. To complete the objectives, both qualitative and quantitative data have been collected through questionnaire surveys, photography, and observation methods, and those data have been involved with primary and secondary data collected from the community, government, and NGO officials. To conduct the survey for the research, the total sample size was 100. From the study, different climate vulnerabilities like 38% cyclone, 46% river-bank erosion, 41% flood, 36% seasonal change are severely noticed and 43% moderate condition of drought affects the socio-economic conditions. 84% of people faced problems in crop production and 75% changed their lifestyle due to irregular events. Consequently, most poor families experienced food insecurity, health problems, water shortage, and hygiene problems. Damaged infrastructure also hampered earnings and production. People try to control the situations and approve a diversity of options and technologies to adapt to the climate change impacts in the area. The government and different NGOs actively perform adaptation practices for building disaster resiliency. Union Disaster Management Committee serves resilience activities such as disseminating early warnings among the community during cyclones. NGOs help to build cooperative agricultural farms and inspire local people to engage in aforestation, balancing the local climate. Using developed seeds of vegetables and food crops, changing cropping patterns, using organic fertilizer to improve soil fertility instead of chemical fertilizers, and irrigating vegetables and some crops for increasing productivity. The community people in the study area recommended increasing climate-resilient activities through community participation and enhancement of their capacity.
{"title":"Climate Vulnerability Assessment and Building Community Resiliency at Kalaskati Union, Bakerganj","authors":"","doi":"10.34104/ajpab.022.041046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34104/ajpab.022.041046","url":null,"abstract":"Bangladesh is frequently cited as a country that is extremely vulnerable to climate change. Socioeconomic sectors like agriculture and fishing are more climate-sensitive in the country. These climate change impacts are extremely detrimental to the economy, the environment, and the social development of the people in the study area. To complete the objectives, both qualitative and quantitative data have been collected through questionnaire surveys, photography, and observation methods, and those data have been involved with primary and secondary data collected from the community, government, and NGO officials. To conduct the survey for the research, the total sample size was 100. From the study, different climate vulnerabilities like 38% cyclone, 46% river-bank erosion, 41% flood, 36% seasonal change are severely noticed and 43% moderate condition of drought affects the socio-economic conditions. 84% of people faced problems in crop production and 75% changed their lifestyle due to irregular events. Consequently, most poor families experienced food insecurity, health problems, water shortage, and hygiene problems. Damaged infrastructure also hampered earnings and production. People try to control the situations and approve a diversity of options and technologies to adapt to the climate change impacts in the area. The government and different NGOs actively perform adaptation practices for building disaster resiliency. Union Disaster Management Committee serves resilience activities such as disseminating early warnings among the community during cyclones. NGOs help to build cooperative agricultural farms and inspire local people to engage in aforestation, balancing the local climate. Using developed seeds of vegetables and food crops, changing cropping patterns, using organic fertilizer to improve soil fertility instead of chemical fertilizers, and irrigating vegetables and some crops for increasing productivity. The community people in the study area recommended increasing climate-resilient activities through community participation and enhancement of their capacity.","PeriodicalId":214462,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Pure and Applied Biosciences","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133808690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-15DOI: 10.34104/ajpab.022.036040
Bangladesh is a great market for the flower trade. It produces a lot of different types of flowers as well as imports from neighboring countries which cost 3 million BDT currencies every year. The Jashore district of plants viz. Gladiolus, Gerbera, Rose, Tuberose and Marigold. The infected part of the plant samples was collected from five separate flower gardens. The precisely prepared infected sample was cultured on Potato Dextrose Aga media at 28ºC in an incubator for 48 hours and sub-cultured several times of each sample of distinct features to get a fresh culture of fungal pathogens. The isolates were identified based on their morphological features of the colony and observation of mycelia structure. The infection by fungal pathogens is considered a great barrier to flower cultivation. Therefore, the present study was attempted to the isolation infecting fungal pathogen from five different flowering crystal violet dyes to analyze the spore structure, the shape of the tips, conidial structure, and we identified three different types of fungus from five flowering plants Aspergillus niger identified from gerbera and rose, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (pinkish) from tuberose, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (whitish) from gladiolus and Alternaria alternate from marigold. This study has provided the primary alarm of fungal infection by following a less expensive technique. This study will be helpful to identify and management of phyto-pathogen for floriculture.
{"title":"Isolation and Identification of Fungal Pathogens from Five Flowering Plants in Jashore Region of Bangladesh","authors":"","doi":"10.34104/ajpab.022.036040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34104/ajpab.022.036040","url":null,"abstract":"Bangladesh is a great market for the flower trade. It produces a lot of different types of flowers as well as imports from neighboring countries which cost 3 million BDT currencies every year. The Jashore district of plants viz. Gladiolus, Gerbera, Rose, Tuberose and Marigold. The infected part of the plant samples was collected from five separate flower gardens. The precisely prepared infected sample was cultured on Potato Dextrose Aga media at 28ºC in an incubator for 48 hours and sub-cultured several times of each sample of distinct features to get a fresh culture of fungal pathogens. The isolates were identified based on their morphological features of the colony and observation of mycelia structure. The infection by fungal pathogens is considered a great barrier to flower cultivation. Therefore, the present study was attempted to the isolation infecting fungal pathogen from five different flowering crystal violet dyes to analyze the spore structure, the shape of the tips, conidial structure, and we identified three different types of fungus from five flowering plants Aspergillus niger identified from gerbera and rose, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (pinkish) from tuberose, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (whitish) from gladiolus and Alternaria alternate from marigold. This study has provided the primary alarm of fungal infection by following a less expensive technique. This study will be helpful to identify and management of phyto-pathogen for floriculture.","PeriodicalId":214462,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Pure and Applied Biosciences","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117354891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-31DOI: 10.34104/ajpab.022.022035
Isolation and enumeration of phyllospheric and endophytic fungal diversity were carried out from the medicinal plant, Adhatoda vasica Nees. Occurrence of phyllosphere fungi shows a total number of 3 fungal species (Aspergillus sp., Penicillium sp., and Cladosporium cladosporioides). A total number of 4 (Alternaria alternata, Curvularia lunata, Mycelia sterilia1 and Aspergillus niger) and 3 (Alternaria alternata, Mycelia sterilia 2 and Penicillium sp.) fungi were isolated from leaf and stem respectively. Alternaria alternata shows to be the highest colonizer in leaf which was followed by Curvularia lunata. Mycelia sterilia 2 represented highest colonization frequency in stem. Production of total phenol, and antagonistic activity were carried out with the dominant endophytic isolates from leaf and stem. Alternaria alternata shows the highest production of phenol and highest extent of antioxidant activity. The dominant isolates failed to show any antagonistic activity against the gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. The presence of some phytochemical compounds, available in Adhatoda vasica, was also tested qualitatively in the vegetative body of the dominant endophytic isolates.
{"title":"Survey of Phyllosphere & Endophyte Mycoflora Isolated from Adhatoda vasica Nees and Estimation of Some Secondary Metabolites","authors":"","doi":"10.34104/ajpab.022.022035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34104/ajpab.022.022035","url":null,"abstract":"Isolation and enumeration of phyllospheric and endophytic fungal diversity were carried out from the medicinal plant, Adhatoda vasica Nees. Occurrence of phyllosphere fungi shows a total number of 3 fungal species (Aspergillus sp., Penicillium sp., and Cladosporium cladosporioides). A total number of 4 (Alternaria alternata, Curvularia lunata, Mycelia sterilia1 and Aspergillus niger) and 3 (Alternaria alternata, Mycelia sterilia 2 and Penicillium sp.) fungi were isolated from leaf and stem respectively. Alternaria alternata shows to be the highest colonizer in leaf which was followed by Curvularia lunata. Mycelia sterilia 2 represented highest colonization frequency in stem. Production of total phenol, and antagonistic activity were carried out with the dominant endophytic isolates from leaf and stem. Alternaria alternata shows the highest production of phenol and highest extent of antioxidant activity. The dominant isolates failed to show any antagonistic activity against the gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. The presence of some phytochemical compounds, available in Adhatoda vasica, was also tested qualitatively in the vegetative body of the dominant endophytic isolates.","PeriodicalId":214462,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Pure and Applied Biosciences","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129227571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-19DOI: 10.34104/ajpab.022.010021
More than 2.0 million-hectare area was affected by flash floods of various grades and reduced the average yield in Bangladesh by 5%. It involves introgression of Sub1 QTL into the genetic background of HYV rice through marker-assisted breeding and to evaluate submergence tolerance of high yielding rice varieties. SSR profiling was performed to tag the submergence tolerant QTL by using sub1 flanking markers and F1 confirmation of Binadhan-7 x BRRI dhan52 (F1) by using the primer RM1115. The gene diversity value was 0.7610 and the polymorphism information content (PIC) values were 0.7432 & allele frequencies (%) were 0.3328. Binadhan-7 x BRRI dhan52 (F2) crosses were possessed the highest grain yield plant-1 (38.00 g) which was significantly higher than its both parents and also early maturing as 124 days from all crosses. The genetic similarity analysis using UPGMA (Unweighted Pair-Group Method using the Arithmetic Average) clustering system generated 5 major genetic clusters. Maximum intra-cluster degree of diversity was observed in cluster4 (79.93) and minimum in cluster3 (31.44). Highly significant and positive correlations were found among the grain yield (GY) and Total tillers/plant, effective tillers/plant, panicle length, and filled grains/panicle. The first three principal components with Eigen-values explained 73.7 % of the total variation among 16 rice genotypes for the 9 quantitative traits studied. However, it is hoped that promising Sub1 cross combination Binadhan-7x BRRI dhan52 will be able to develop three to four weeks tolerance with high yielding submergence tolerant varieties to increase rice production in submerged prone areas of Bangladesh where single flash floods occur under different cropping patterns.
{"title":"Genetic Analysis of Submergence Tolerance Rice Genotypes by Introgression of Sub1 QTL to Indica HYV through Breeding Populations (F2) with Marker Assay","authors":"","doi":"10.34104/ajpab.022.010021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34104/ajpab.022.010021","url":null,"abstract":"More than 2.0 million-hectare area was affected by flash floods of various grades and reduced the average yield in Bangladesh by 5%. It involves introgression of Sub1 QTL into the genetic background of HYV rice through marker-assisted breeding and to evaluate submergence tolerance of high yielding rice varieties. SSR profiling was performed to tag the submergence tolerant QTL by using sub1 flanking markers and F1 confirmation of Binadhan-7 x BRRI dhan52 (F1) by using the primer RM1115. The gene diversity value was 0.7610 and the polymorphism information content (PIC) values were 0.7432 & allele frequencies (%) were 0.3328. Binadhan-7 x BRRI dhan52 (F2) crosses were possessed the highest grain yield plant-1 (38.00 g) which was significantly higher than its both parents and also early maturing as 124 days from all crosses. The genetic similarity analysis using UPGMA (Unweighted Pair-Group Method using the Arithmetic Average) clustering system generated 5 major genetic clusters. Maximum intra-cluster degree of diversity was observed in cluster4 (79.93) and minimum in cluster3 (31.44). Highly significant and positive correlations were found among the grain yield (GY) and Total tillers/plant, effective tillers/plant, panicle length, and filled grains/panicle. The first three principal components with Eigen-values explained 73.7 % of the total variation among 16 rice genotypes for the 9 quantitative traits studied. However, it is hoped that promising Sub1 cross combination Binadhan-7x BRRI dhan52 will be able to develop three to four weeks tolerance with high yielding submergence tolerant varieties to increase rice production in submerged prone areas of Bangladesh where single flash floods occur under different cropping patterns.","PeriodicalId":214462,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Pure and Applied Biosciences","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127786409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-03DOI: 10.34104/ajpab.021.01350144
T. Win
Lan-Kuu freshwater wetland of Auk SaThar in Mingin Township, Sagaing Region was investigated for its species composition, relative abundance, and diversity of aquatic macro-invertebrates from June 2020 to January 2021. This wetland has water throughout the year and is used by many local people for fishing and trapping birds. Thirty macro invertebrates’ species belonging to 28 genera, 19 families, 11 orders, 5 classes, and 3 Phyla were identified and recorded. These species belonged to the orders Hemiptera (23%), Coeleoptera and Odonata (14% each), Orthoptera, Architaenioglossa and Sorbeoconcha (10% each), Lepidoptera (7%), and Hymenoptera, Araneae, Decapoda, and Opithopora (3%). Among the collected specimens Dytiscus verticalis accounted for the highest number of individuals while the least number of individuals were Arocatus rusticus. Average relative abundance indicated 9 species as ‘uncommon’, 14 species as ‘common’ and 7 species as very common in the studied wetland. According to the Shannon index, the diversity of macro-invertebrates recorded in Lan-Kuu freshwater wetland, Myanmar, was high, (2.746-3.016), and so was the evenness (0.888-0.956).
{"title":"Diversity of Macro Invertebrates and Their Habitat Characteristics in Lan-Kuu Freshwater Wetland, Myanmar","authors":"T. Win","doi":"10.34104/ajpab.021.01350144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34104/ajpab.021.01350144","url":null,"abstract":"Lan-Kuu freshwater wetland of Auk SaThar in Mingin Township, Sagaing Region was investigated for its species composition, relative abundance, and diversity of aquatic macro-invertebrates from June 2020 to January 2021. This wetland has water throughout the year and is used by many local people for fishing and trapping birds. Thirty macro invertebrates’ species belonging to 28 genera, 19 families, 11 orders, 5 classes, and 3 Phyla were identified and recorded. These species belonged to the orders Hemiptera (23%), Coeleoptera and Odonata (14% each), Orthoptera, Architaenioglossa and Sorbeoconcha (10% each), Lepidoptera (7%), and Hymenoptera, Araneae, Decapoda, and Opithopora (3%). Among the collected specimens Dytiscus verticalis accounted for the highest number of individuals while the least number of individuals were Arocatus rusticus. Average relative abundance indicated 9 species as ‘uncommon’, 14 species as ‘common’ and 7 species as very common in the studied wetland. According to the Shannon index, the diversity of macro-invertebrates recorded in Lan-Kuu freshwater wetland, Myanmar, was high, (2.746-3.016), and so was the evenness (0.888-0.956).","PeriodicalId":214462,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Pure and Applied Biosciences","volume":"58 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126661682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-01DOI: 10.34104/ajpab.021.01250134
Tangina Aktar Tamanna, Md. Anwar Hossen, M. Mamun, A. Shahed
Cold mitigation mechanism at seedling stage is a primary requirement during Boro season as seedlings are raised during months of November and December. This study was conducted at the Sylhet Agricultural University's Agricultural and Biosystem Engineering lab in Sylhet during the 2018-19 academic year. The focus of this study is to mitigate the biotic and abiotic effect on germination and mat-type seedling growing during the Boro season. A two-factor design with three replications was used in the experiment. As abiotic stress control factors, six treatments were taken under two different thicknesses (0.04 mm and 0.08 mm) of white polythene sheds that covered day time only (12 hours) and day and night time (24 hours). Along with that two fungicides (Atavo and Autostin) and MoP fertilizer were used to control biotic stress on young seedlings raised in a plastic tray. Agronomical characteristics were measured in two intervals (after 15 and 30 days). The combined effect of 0.08 mm thick polythene shed and MoP treatment showed the highest value for seedling height (167.3 mm), a number of leaves (4), leaf length (99.8 mm), stem length (73.5 mm), and seedling density (18/cm2). Fungal infection was found lowest in 0.08 mm polythene covered day and night time. Seedling raised plastic trays are much more effective than the conventional way in terms of germination and quality. So, 0.08 mm thick white polythene was recommended as a covering mechanism and MoP as a treating mechanism for seedlings rising in cold weather of the Sylhet region.
{"title":"Mitigation of Biotic and Abiotic Stresses in Mat Type Seedlings Raised for Mechanical Rice Transplanter","authors":"Tangina Aktar Tamanna, Md. Anwar Hossen, M. Mamun, A. Shahed","doi":"10.34104/ajpab.021.01250134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34104/ajpab.021.01250134","url":null,"abstract":"Cold mitigation mechanism at seedling stage is a primary requirement during Boro season as seedlings are raised during months of November and December. This study was conducted at the Sylhet Agricultural University's Agricultural and Biosystem Engineering lab in Sylhet during the 2018-19 academic year. The focus of this study is to mitigate the biotic and abiotic effect on germination and mat-type seedling growing during the Boro season. A two-factor design with three replications was used in the experiment. As abiotic stress control factors, six treatments were taken under two different thicknesses (0.04 mm and 0.08 mm) of white polythene sheds that covered day time only (12 hours) and day and night time (24 hours). Along with that two fungicides (Atavo and Autostin) and MoP fertilizer were used to control biotic stress on young seedlings raised in a plastic tray. Agronomical characteristics were measured in two intervals (after 15 and 30 days). The combined effect of 0.08 mm thick polythene shed and MoP treatment showed the highest value for seedling height (167.3 mm), a number of leaves (4), leaf length (99.8 mm), stem length (73.5 mm), and seedling density (18/cm2). Fungal infection was found lowest in 0.08 mm polythene covered day and night time. Seedling raised plastic trays are much more effective than the conventional way in terms of germination and quality. So, 0.08 mm thick white polythene was recommended as a covering mechanism and MoP as a treating mechanism for seedlings rising in cold weather of the Sylhet region.","PeriodicalId":214462,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Pure and Applied Biosciences","volume":"71 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124723616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-03DOI: 10.34104/ajpab.021.01190124
Naim Khan Zadran, Zabit Khan Naibzi
Breast-feeding protects newborn infants against numerous infectious conditions and sicknesses, and can also affect the results of vaccination. The main purpose of this research is to assess breastfeeding defends against CM and find the changed effects of vaccination. This research is designed as a cross-sectional study. It is worth mentioning that the study took almost one year to be completed, and the survey was conducted from May 1, 2020, to May 1, 2021. It is notable that the study was carried out base on librarian and field research methodology, and the information was collected from the newly born infants until five years’ children, and then it was analyzed. The data upon infections of indicative measles and socioeconomic indicators were obtained at ten months period. Breast-feeding has been classified as < 30 days breastfed, 1-3-month breast-food, breast-feeding for over three months, unsure breastfeeding, and no breastfeeding. Regarding the results, it could be said that anti-measles Ig though with a mean value of 5.37 AFU, all 55 colostrum samples were positive. Furthermore, the timing of extraction for breast milk AFU is different, the average AFU value fell to 2.11 among days 6-15 (n=15), but the value fell below the cut-out mark of 1.8–1.48 amongst days fifteen to thirty (n=10). It is being concluded that immunization of measles gives excellent disease resistance. In addition to this, breastfeeding is related to a relatively moderate decrease in the chance of measles diagnosis. Relationships with such a diagnosis of measles were independent of breastfeeding & measles vaccination.
{"title":"Incidence of Measles in Breastfed Infants versus Non-Breastfed Infants","authors":"Naim Khan Zadran, Zabit Khan Naibzi","doi":"10.34104/ajpab.021.01190124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34104/ajpab.021.01190124","url":null,"abstract":"Breast-feeding protects newborn infants against numerous infectious conditions and sicknesses, and can also affect the results of vaccination. The main purpose of this research is to assess breastfeeding defends against CM and find the changed effects of vaccination. This research is designed as a cross-sectional study. It is worth mentioning that the study took almost one year to be completed, and the survey was conducted from May 1, 2020, to May 1, 2021. It is notable that the study was carried out base on librarian and field research methodology, and the information was collected from the newly born infants until five years’ children, and then it was analyzed. The data upon infections of indicative measles and socioeconomic indicators were obtained at ten months period. Breast-feeding has been classified as < 30 days breastfed, 1-3-month breast-food, breast-feeding for over three months, unsure breastfeeding, and no breastfeeding. Regarding the results, it could be said that anti-measles Ig though with a mean value of 5.37 AFU, all 55 colostrum samples were positive. Furthermore, the timing of extraction for breast milk AFU is different, the average AFU value fell to 2.11 among days 6-15 (n=15), but the value fell below the cut-out mark of 1.8–1.48 amongst days fifteen to thirty (n=10). It is being concluded that immunization of measles gives excellent disease resistance. In addition to this, breastfeeding is related to a relatively moderate decrease in the chance of measles diagnosis. Relationships with such a diagnosis of measles were independent of breastfeeding & measles vaccination.","PeriodicalId":214462,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Pure and Applied Biosciences","volume":"117 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133187121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-08DOI: 10.34104/ajpab.021.01060112
Mir Md. Mozammal Hoque, M. Rehnuma, S. Uddin, Sabbir Ahmed, Md. Eusuf Sarker, Gautom Kumar Biswas
This study was conducted at Ukhiya Upazila of Cox’s Bazar district to find out the socio-environmental impacts due to Rohingya refugee's invasion of the study area. Both the quantitative and qualitative tools were used to analyzed data and information, in order to assess these impacts. According to the finding, 3918 acre natural and 1879 acre man-made forest coverage was damaged due to Rohingya refugees sheltering in the study area. This study finds out that 42% of the refugees living in the Kutupalong sheltering area are directly dependent on the forest for cooking wood of 1411 tons/day. Moreover, Rohingya`s are significantly affecting other natural resources including soil, agricultural land, and surface and ground-water of the study area. In fact, they using 18.26 million liters of water per day and the ground-water level has been depleted by 25 meters during the time period of 25 August 2017 to February 2018. Furthermore, ~9000 hectares of farming land with local crops (Boro, Aman, Betel leaf) and fruits had been permanently damaged as impacts of Rohingya migration on the area studied. We measured the noise level surroundings of the Rohingya camps, which was 1.5 times higher than the DoE recommended value for the residential area. Various life-threatening diseases were also identified towards the refugees among them diphtheria was most alarming. Moreover, Rohingya are also involved in various antisocial activities including smuggling, drug trafficking, robbery, snatch, theft, etc. Such societal degradation might trigger multiplicative impacts on the environment and overall socio-economic circumstances of the whole Teknaf area.
{"title":"Impacts of Rohingya Migration on Surrounding Environment of Ukhiya, Bangladesh","authors":"Mir Md. Mozammal Hoque, M. Rehnuma, S. Uddin, Sabbir Ahmed, Md. Eusuf Sarker, Gautom Kumar Biswas","doi":"10.34104/ajpab.021.01060112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34104/ajpab.021.01060112","url":null,"abstract":"This study was conducted at Ukhiya Upazila of Cox’s Bazar district to find out the socio-environmental impacts due to Rohingya refugee's invasion of the study area. Both the quantitative and qualitative tools were used to analyzed data and information, in order to assess these impacts. According to the finding, 3918 acre natural and 1879 acre man-made forest coverage was damaged due to Rohingya refugees sheltering in the study area. This study finds out that 42% of the refugees living in the Kutupalong sheltering area are directly dependent on the forest for cooking wood of 1411 tons/day. Moreover, Rohingya`s are significantly affecting other natural resources including soil, agricultural land, and surface and ground-water of the study area. In fact, they using 18.26 million liters of water per day and the ground-water level has been depleted by 25 meters during the time period of 25 August 2017 to February 2018. Furthermore, ~9000 hectares of farming land with local crops (Boro, Aman, Betel leaf) and fruits had been permanently damaged as impacts of Rohingya migration on the area studied. We measured the noise level surroundings of the Rohingya camps, which was 1.5 times higher than the DoE recommended value for the residential area. Various life-threatening diseases were also identified towards the refugees among them diphtheria was most alarming. Moreover, Rohingya are also involved in various antisocial activities including smuggling, drug trafficking, robbery, snatch, theft, etc. Such societal degradation might trigger multiplicative impacts on the environment and overall socio-economic circumstances of the whole Teknaf area.","PeriodicalId":214462,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Pure and Applied Biosciences","volume":"114 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126054961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-03DOI: 10.34104/ajpab.021.0980105
S. Sharmin, Rexona Parvin, U. Habiba
The experiment was conducted at the Agricultural Research Field of International University of Business Agriculture and Technology, Dhaka during the period from August to October 2020 to investigate the response of different doses of nitrogen fertilizer on the growth and yield of Kangkong (Ipomoea reptans poir). The experiment consisted of four nitrogen fertilizer levels viz. T0: no fertilizer, T1: 60 kg nitrogen fertilizer, T2: 80 kg nitrogen fertilizer, and T3: 100 kg nitrogen fertilizer per hectare. The result revealed that plant height, number of leaves per plant, number of branches per plant, fresh weight per plant, dry weight per plant, root length per plant, fresh weight of root per plant, dry weight of root per plant, yield per plot and yield per hectare grown under different doses of nitrogen fertilizer viz. control (T0), 60 kg N per hectare (T1), 80 kg N per hectare (T2), showed significant reduction than those grown in 100 kg N per hectare (T3). The experiment was conducted following Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with four replications. The application of different doses of nitrogen significantly influences the growth and yield of Kangkong. The maximum plant height, number of leaves, number of branches, fresh weight per plant, root length was obtained from T3 treatment while the minimum was found from the control treatment (T0) at 60 days after sowing. The highest yield (17.87 t/ha) was performed from the treatment T3 and the lowest yield (11.83t/ha) was obtained from the control treatment where no nitrogen was used.
{"title":"Response of Different Doses of Nitrogen Fertilizer on Growth and Yield of KangKong (Ipomoea reptans poir)","authors":"S. Sharmin, Rexona Parvin, U. Habiba","doi":"10.34104/ajpab.021.0980105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34104/ajpab.021.0980105","url":null,"abstract":"The experiment was conducted at the Agricultural Research Field of International University of Business Agriculture and Technology, Dhaka during the period from August to October 2020 to investigate the response of different doses of nitrogen fertilizer on the growth and yield of Kangkong (Ipomoea reptans poir). The experiment consisted of four nitrogen fertilizer levels viz. T0: no fertilizer, T1: 60 kg nitrogen fertilizer, T2: 80 kg nitrogen fertilizer, and T3: 100 kg nitrogen fertilizer per hectare. The result revealed that plant height, number of leaves per plant, number of branches per plant, fresh weight per plant, dry weight per plant, root length per plant, fresh weight of root per plant, dry weight of root per plant, yield per plot and yield per hectare grown under different doses of nitrogen fertilizer viz. control (T0), 60 kg N per hectare (T1), 80 kg N per hectare (T2), showed significant reduction than those grown in 100 kg N per hectare (T3). The experiment was conducted following Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with four replications. The application of different doses of nitrogen significantly influences the growth and yield of Kangkong. The maximum plant height, number of leaves, number of branches, fresh weight per plant, root length was obtained from T3 treatment while the minimum was found from the control treatment (T0) at 60 days after sowing. The highest yield (17.87 t/ha) was performed from the treatment T3 and the lowest yield (11.83t/ha) was obtained from the control treatment where no nitrogen was used.","PeriodicalId":214462,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Pure and Applied Biosciences","volume":"135 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122326428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-28DOI: 10.34104/ajpab.021.085097
K. Abbasi, S. Iqbal, Saeeda Bano, K. Siddiqui, Lovely Muthiah
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are currently available for a range of applications and have become a good material for regenerative medicine, tissue engineering, and disease therapy. MSCs are self-renewing, multipotent progenitor cells with multilineage potential to differentiate into cell types of mesodermal origin, such as adipocytes, osteocytes, and chondrocytes, and exert potent immunosuppressive potentials. In the present review, we highlight the currently reported variations in the differentiation potential of MSCs from different tissue sources, the minimal criteria to define MSCs from various tissue environments, and provide a detailed description of MSCs surface markers. Furthermore, MSC's immunomodulatory features secrete cytokines and immune receptors which regulate the microenvironment in the host tissue also revisits in detail. We propose that there are likely more sources of MSCs waiting to be discovered. We need to Standardize MSCs characterization by selecting markers for isolation, cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in MSC-mediated immune modulation, and other functionalities of MSCs should be characterized prior to use in clinical applications.
{"title":"More to Explore; The Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) Major Tissue Sources, Known Surface Markers, and Its Immunomodulation properties","authors":"K. Abbasi, S. Iqbal, Saeeda Bano, K. Siddiqui, Lovely Muthiah","doi":"10.34104/ajpab.021.085097","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34104/ajpab.021.085097","url":null,"abstract":"Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are currently available for a range of applications and have become a good material for regenerative medicine, tissue engineering, and disease therapy. MSCs are self-renewing, multipotent progenitor cells with multilineage potential to differentiate into cell types of mesodermal origin, such as adipocytes, osteocytes, and chondrocytes, and exert potent immunosuppressive potentials. In the present review, we highlight the currently reported variations in the differentiation potential of MSCs from different tissue sources, the minimal criteria to define MSCs from various tissue environments, and provide a detailed description of MSCs surface markers. Furthermore, MSC's immunomodulatory features secrete cytokines and immune receptors which regulate the microenvironment in the host tissue also revisits in detail. We propose that there are likely more sources of MSCs waiting to be discovered. We need to Standardize MSCs characterization by selecting markers for isolation, cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in MSC-mediated immune modulation, and other functionalities of MSCs should be characterized prior to use in clinical applications.","PeriodicalId":214462,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Pure and Applied Biosciences","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131454738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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