Pub Date : 2020-09-09DOI: 10.34104/ajpab.020.01210128
M. Islam, M. Khatun, Shahnaz Yesmin, Snapson Ghagra, Shakibul, Hasan, Fahim Alam Nobel, M. Mozibullah, M. Sohel, M. Mogal, Md. Amjad Hossain, Mohammad Mehedi Hasan, Md. Khairul Islam
Cholera remains a major risk in developing countries like Bangladesh, particularly after natural or man-made disasters and becoming increasingly resistant to antibiotics. Effective prevention strategies will be essential in reducing the disease burden of these bacterial infections. Here, we used the specificity and rapid-acting properties of bacteriophages as a potential prophylaxis therapy for cholera, a severely dehydrating disease caused by Vibrio cholerae 01 or 0139 serogroup. In this study, a single bacteriophage, JSF4 specific for V. cholerae 01 serogroup, was used to reduce the severity of cholera therapeutically in the infant mice model. Bacterial counts were decreased up to 106 times in the intestines of bacteriophage-treated animals and increased up to 24 times in the untreated control mice intestines. This is the first report that a single bacteriophage JSF4 might be useful to treat cholera caused by V. cholerae 01 serogroup strains and could be an alternative to antibiotics. In the future, JSF4 bacteriophages may also have profound implications in phage therapy for controlling cholera caused by pathogenic V. cholerae 01 serogroup strains.
{"title":"Bacteriophage JSF4 can be a Potential Prophylaxis Therapy for Cholera: An Alternative Approach to Antibiotics","authors":"M. Islam, M. Khatun, Shahnaz Yesmin, Snapson Ghagra, Shakibul, Hasan, Fahim Alam Nobel, M. Mozibullah, M. Sohel, M. Mogal, Md. Amjad Hossain, Mohammad Mehedi Hasan, Md. Khairul Islam","doi":"10.34104/ajpab.020.01210128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34104/ajpab.020.01210128","url":null,"abstract":"Cholera remains a major risk in developing countries like Bangladesh, particularly after natural or man-made disasters and becoming increasingly resistant to antibiotics. Effective prevention strategies will be essential in reducing the disease burden of these bacterial infections. Here, we used the specificity and rapid-acting properties of bacteriophages as a potential prophylaxis therapy for cholera, a severely dehydrating disease caused by Vibrio cholerae 01 or 0139 serogroup. In this study, a single bacteriophage, JSF4 specific for V. cholerae 01 serogroup, was used to reduce the severity of cholera therapeutically in the infant mice model. Bacterial counts were decreased up to 106 times in the intestines of bacteriophage-treated animals and increased up to 24 times in the untreated control mice intestines. This is the first report that a single bacteriophage JSF4 might be useful to treat cholera caused by V. cholerae 01 serogroup strains and could be an alternative to antibiotics. In the future, JSF4 bacteriophages may also have profound implications in phage therapy for controlling cholera caused by pathogenic V. cholerae 01 serogroup strains.","PeriodicalId":214462,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Pure and Applied Biosciences","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130469356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-08-14DOI: 10.34104/ajpab.020.01120120
Sharif Neaz, Sayeeda Monira Rahman, S. Bapari, Hasib Uddin Ahmed Chowdhury Rumi, A. Bhuiyan, Sanjay Belowar
Bioethanol production from canteen food wastes not only resolves pollution issues by decreasing food waste management it also meets the requirement of bio-fuels. The development of alternatives to fossil fuels like bio-fuel is appropriate and increasingly urgent with the reduction of resources of fossil fuels and the progressively worsening situation of our atmosphere and natural surroundings. The usage of biofuels is one option to decrease the emission of greenhouse gases in the nearer future. Different promising raw materials have been considered for the production of bio-ethanol throughout the last few decades. Food waste from school and college canteens are increasing environmental problem. Food waste might be considered as an edible and non-toxic waste-derived during food production or consumption system. Food waste generated in canteens is rich in carbohydrate, which comprises 65% of total solids due to its high quantity of starch. Through the use of fermentation technology, this waste can be converted to useful by-products like bio-ethanol. Therefore, the exploitation of hotel and restaurant food waste for bio-ethanol production can absolutely influence both energy and environmental sustainability.
{"title":"Optimization and Assessment of Different Parameters and Utilizing Food Waste from the College Canteen for Bioethanol Production","authors":"Sharif Neaz, Sayeeda Monira Rahman, S. Bapari, Hasib Uddin Ahmed Chowdhury Rumi, A. Bhuiyan, Sanjay Belowar","doi":"10.34104/ajpab.020.01120120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34104/ajpab.020.01120120","url":null,"abstract":"Bioethanol production from canteen food wastes not only resolves pollution issues by decreasing food waste management it also meets the requirement of bio-fuels. The development of alternatives to fossil fuels like bio-fuel is appropriate and increasingly urgent with the reduction of resources of fossil fuels and the progressively worsening situation of our atmosphere and natural surroundings. The usage of biofuels is one option to decrease the emission of greenhouse gases in the nearer future. Different promising raw materials have been considered for the production of bio-ethanol throughout the last few decades. Food waste from school and college canteens are increasing environmental problem. Food waste might be considered as an edible and non-toxic waste-derived during food production or consumption system. Food waste generated in canteens is rich in carbohydrate, which comprises 65% of total solids due to its high quantity of starch. Through the use of fermentation technology, this waste can be converted to useful by-products like bio-ethanol. Therefore, the exploitation of hotel and restaurant food waste for bio-ethanol production can absolutely influence both energy and environmental sustainability.","PeriodicalId":214462,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Pure and Applied Biosciences","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127456735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-27DOI: 10.34104/ajpab.020.01040111
A. S. M. Saikat, A. B. R. Khalipha
Bacillus cereus is enteropathogenic and widely distributed pathogen in the environment, which is mainly associated with food poisoning. In the intestine, B. cereus produces enterotoxins resulting in diarrhoea, abdominal distress and vomiting, and a range of infections in humans. BCRIVMBC126_02492 is a functional protein of B. cereus, which is related to oxidation glutathione persulfide in the mitochondria, cyanide fixation, and also has a variety of biological functions. Nevertheless, protein BCRIVMBC126_02492 is not explored. Therefore, the structure prediction, functional annotation, and characterization of the protein are proposed in this study. Modeller, Swiss-model, and Phyre2 are used for generating tertiary structures. The structural quality assessment of the protein determined by Ramachandran Plot analysis, Swiss-Model Interactive Workplace, and Verify 3D tools. Furthermore, Z-scores applied to detect the overall tertiary model quality of the protein. A comparison of the results showed that the models generated by Modeller were more suitable than Phyre2 and Swiss Models. This investigation decoded the role of this unexplored protein of B. cereus. Therefore, it can bolster the way for enriching our knowledge for pathogenesis and drug and vaccine targeting opportunities against B. cereus infection.
{"title":"Structure Prediction, Characterization, and Functional Annotation of Uncharacterized Protein BCRIVMBC126_02492 of Bacillus cereus: An In Silico Approach","authors":"A. S. M. Saikat, A. B. R. Khalipha","doi":"10.34104/ajpab.020.01040111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34104/ajpab.020.01040111","url":null,"abstract":"Bacillus cereus is enteropathogenic and widely distributed pathogen in the environment, which is mainly associated with food poisoning. In the intestine, B. cereus produces enterotoxins resulting in diarrhoea, abdominal distress and vomiting, and a range of infections in humans. BCRIVMBC126_02492 is a functional protein of B. cereus, which is related to oxidation glutathione persulfide in the mitochondria, cyanide fixation, and also has a variety of biological functions. Nevertheless, protein BCRIVMBC126_02492 is not explored. Therefore, the structure prediction, functional annotation, and characterization of the protein are proposed in this study. Modeller, Swiss-model, and Phyre2 are used for generating tertiary structures. The structural quality assessment of the protein determined by Ramachandran Plot analysis, Swiss-Model Interactive Workplace, and Verify 3D tools. Furthermore, Z-scores applied to detect the overall tertiary model quality of the protein. A comparison of the results showed that the models generated by Modeller were more suitable than Phyre2 and Swiss Models. This investigation decoded the role of this unexplored protein of B. cereus. Therefore, it can bolster the way for enriching our knowledge for pathogenesis and drug and vaccine targeting opportunities against B. cereus infection.","PeriodicalId":214462,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Pure and Applied Biosciences","volume":"390 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122078788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-17DOI: 10.34104/ajpab.020.0940103
Shirmin Islam, M. Moniruzzaman, Ms. J. Pramanik, T. Jabin, Merina Mostari, Jui, Biswas, Al-Imran, M. Uddin, M. Saleh, S. Zaman
Mobile phone is a device that keeps in contact with our sensitive body parts including faces, hands, nose, ears, and lips, etc. most of the time. Although we know many bad aspects of mobile phones; we are indifferent to its bacterial contamination. Smartphone screen is an endless reservoir of pathogenic bacteria and works as an object in spreading those bacteria. The purpose of the study was to identify pathogenic bacteria from smartphone screen and finding some common causes of bacterial contamination. So, a public survey was conducted among 100 students from the Dept. of Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology, University of Rajshahi to know the uses pattern of their particular smartphone. Then, for the lab-based work samples were collected from the smartphone screen of the students by sterile swabs moistened with normal saline water. Among the samples, four strains were selected based on bacterial concentration for further analysis. Out of four, two strains were gram-positive and two were gram-negative. Biochemical tests indicated that all of them were pathogenic and the selected gram-positive bacteria were coagulase-positive Staphylococcus species and coagulase-negative Staphylococcus species.16S-rRNA gene sequencing identified the selected two-gram negative strains as Stenotrophomonas maltophilia and Klebsiella pneumoniae. The antibiotic sensitivity test referred that all the bacteria were multidrug-resistant and may be dangerous for compromised immune patients.
{"title":"Molecular Identification and Characterization of Smartphone Screen Associated Pathogenic Bacteria","authors":"Shirmin Islam, M. Moniruzzaman, Ms. J. Pramanik, T. Jabin, Merina Mostari, Jui, Biswas, Al-Imran, M. Uddin, M. Saleh, S. Zaman","doi":"10.34104/ajpab.020.0940103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34104/ajpab.020.0940103","url":null,"abstract":"Mobile phone is a device that keeps in contact with our sensitive body parts including faces, hands, nose, ears, and lips, etc. most of the time. Although we know many bad aspects of mobile phones; we are indifferent to its bacterial contamination. Smartphone screen is an endless reservoir of pathogenic bacteria and works as an object in spreading those bacteria. The purpose of the study was to identify pathogenic bacteria from smartphone screen and finding some common causes of bacterial contamination. So, a public survey was conducted among 100 students from the Dept. of Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology, University of Rajshahi to know the uses pattern of their particular smartphone. Then, for the lab-based work samples were collected from the smartphone screen of the students by sterile swabs moistened with normal saline water. Among the samples, four strains were selected based on bacterial concentration for further analysis. Out of four, two strains were gram-positive and two were gram-negative. Biochemical tests indicated that all of them were pathogenic and the selected gram-positive bacteria were coagulase-positive Staphylococcus species and coagulase-negative Staphylococcus species.16S-rRNA gene sequencing identified the selected two-gram negative strains as Stenotrophomonas maltophilia and Klebsiella pneumoniae. The antibiotic sensitivity test referred that all the bacteria were multidrug-resistant and may be dangerous for compromised immune patients.","PeriodicalId":214462,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Pure and Applied Biosciences","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126669278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-15DOI: 10.34104/ajpab.020.085093
Md. Ali Asraf, D. Sarker, Md. Faruk Hossen, M. Haque, M. Kudrat-E-Zahan
Copper (II) complex of naphthaldehyde thiosemicarbazone (L) has been synthesized and characterized by melting points, conductance, magnetic, infrared, and ESI-MS spectral measurements in addition to elemental analysis. A tetrahedral structure is suggested for the complex. The antibacterial activities of the complex and ligand were evaluated by the disc diffusion technique. Pure bacteria cultures of Bacillus subtilis (Gram-positive) and Escherichia coli (Gram-negative) were used to check the antibacterial activities of the synthesized compounds. Antibacterial activities were compared by measuring the inhibition zone diameter and chloramphenicol was used as a reference. Both the compounds showed significant antibacterial activity in different range against gram-positive & gram-negative bacteria. The antibacterial activity data also show that the Cu(II) complex to be more effective than the parent ligand. Molecular geometry of the complex has been optimized by ChemDraw Ultra 12.0 and then MM2 calculation has been done.
{"title":"Molecular Computation and Antibacterial Activity of Cu (II) Complex of Naphthaldehyde Thiosemicarbazone","authors":"Md. Ali Asraf, D. Sarker, Md. Faruk Hossen, M. Haque, M. Kudrat-E-Zahan","doi":"10.34104/ajpab.020.085093","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34104/ajpab.020.085093","url":null,"abstract":"Copper (II) complex of naphthaldehyde thiosemicarbazone (L) has been synthesized and characterized by melting points, conductance, magnetic, infrared, and ESI-MS spectral measurements in addition to elemental analysis. A tetrahedral structure is suggested for the complex. The antibacterial activities of the complex and ligand were evaluated by the disc diffusion technique. Pure bacteria cultures of Bacillus subtilis (Gram-positive) and Escherichia coli (Gram-negative) were used to check the antibacterial activities of the synthesized compounds. Antibacterial activities were compared by measuring the inhibition zone diameter and chloramphenicol was used as a reference. Both the compounds showed significant antibacterial activity in different range against gram-positive & gram-negative bacteria. The antibacterial activity data also show that the Cu(II) complex to be more effective than the parent ligand. Molecular geometry of the complex has been optimized by ChemDraw Ultra 12.0 and then MM2 calculation has been done.","PeriodicalId":214462,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Pure and Applied Biosciences","volume":"112 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125465254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-10DOI: 10.34104/ajpab.020.077084
Morgubatul Jannat, M. K. Hossain, M. Uddin
Forests provide direct and indirect economic benefits to forest-dependent communities in the world, especially in the developing countries contributing to the national economy. The present study aims with the socioeconomic status and factors favoring forest conservation and influencing people’s dependency on forest resources in the Bandarban hill district of Bangladesh. The study was based on Focus Group Discussion (FGD) and socioeconomic survey through a semi-structured questionnaire. The study revealed that peoples’ income from the forest and forest-related occupations were positively related to their forest dependency. However, respondent’s education level significantly reduced their dependency on forest resources. Thus, educating the forest-dependent people and supporting alternative livelihoods may be an option for effective forest management and conservation. This study represents an important pioneer step in taking a holistic view of the peoples’ dependency on forest resources which might be helpful for policymakers in the future to ensure sustainable forest management and conservation in developing countries like Bangladesh.
{"title":"Socioeconomic Factors of Forest Dependency in Developing Countries: Lessons Learned from the Bandarban Hill District of Bangladesh","authors":"Morgubatul Jannat, M. K. Hossain, M. Uddin","doi":"10.34104/ajpab.020.077084","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34104/ajpab.020.077084","url":null,"abstract":"Forests provide direct and indirect economic benefits to forest-dependent communities in the world, especially in the developing countries contributing to the national economy. The present study aims with the socioeconomic status and factors favoring forest conservation and influencing people’s dependency on forest resources in the Bandarban hill district of Bangladesh. The study was based on Focus Group Discussion (FGD) and socioeconomic survey through a semi-structured questionnaire. The study revealed that peoples’ income from the forest and forest-related occupations were positively related to their forest dependency. However, respondent’s education level significantly reduced their dependency on forest resources. Thus, educating the forest-dependent people and supporting alternative livelihoods may be an option for effective forest management and conservation. This study represents an important pioneer step in taking a holistic view of the peoples’ dependency on forest resources which might be helpful for policymakers in the future to ensure sustainable forest management and conservation in developing countries like Bangladesh.","PeriodicalId":214462,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Pure and Applied Biosciences","volume":"88 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114399985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-07DOI: 10.34104/ajpab.020.064076
Wakgari Abirham Haile
Climate change is a result of the global increase in average air and ocean temperatures, and rising average sea levels. Livestock production and health are significantly vulnerable to the impact of climate change. Climate change has direct and indirect impacts on emerging and re-emerging animal diseases and zoonoses since it disrupts natural ecosystems and allows disease-causing pathogens to move into new areas where they may harm wildlife and domestic species, as well as humans. Climate change affects diseases and pest distributions, range prevalence, incidence, and seasonality but the degree of change remains highly uncertain. The occurrence and distribution of vector-borne diseases such as bluetongue, west Nile fever, rift valley fever, African horse sickness, etc. are closely associated with weather patterns and long-term climatic factors strongly influence the incidence of outbreaks. The interaction between animal production and climate change is complex and multi-directional since animal production contributes to climate change; but to the reverse and worse condition, climate change highly affects animal production. Climate change, animal production systems, and animal diseases are strongly linked to each other. But what is worse is that both change in climate and the production systems of animals highly affect the occurrence, distribution, emergence, and re-emergence of animal diseases. The close linkage among climate change, animal production, and disease; the increased threat of climate on the animal production and health sectors needs: the hands of stakeholders in the environment, animal production and health to work in an integrated and systematic manner; researches with emphasis given to the state of climate change and the direct and indirect effects it poses on animal production and health; and ensuring development of sustainable animal farming and land use, and climate adaptation and mitigation strategies.
{"title":"Impact of Climate Change on Animal Production and Expansion of Animal Disease: A Review on Ethiopia Perspective","authors":"Wakgari Abirham Haile","doi":"10.34104/ajpab.020.064076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34104/ajpab.020.064076","url":null,"abstract":"Climate change is a result of the global increase in average air and ocean temperatures, and rising average sea levels. Livestock production and health are significantly vulnerable to the impact of climate change. Climate change has direct and indirect impacts on emerging and re-emerging animal diseases and zoonoses since it disrupts natural ecosystems and allows disease-causing pathogens to move into new areas where they may harm wildlife and domestic species, as well as humans. Climate change affects diseases and pest distributions, range prevalence, incidence, and seasonality but the degree of change remains highly uncertain. The occurrence and distribution of vector-borne diseases such as bluetongue, west Nile fever, rift valley fever, African horse sickness, etc. are closely associated with weather patterns and long-term climatic factors strongly influence the incidence of outbreaks. The interaction between animal production and climate change is complex and multi-directional since animal production contributes to climate change; but to the reverse and worse condition, climate change highly affects animal production. Climate change, animal production systems, and animal diseases are strongly linked to each other. But what is worse is that both change in climate and the production systems of animals highly affect the occurrence, distribution, emergence, and re-emergence of animal diseases. The close linkage among climate change, animal production, and disease; the increased threat of climate on the animal production and health sectors needs: the hands of stakeholders in the environment, animal production and health to work in an integrated and systematic manner; researches with emphasis given to the state of climate change and the direct and indirect effects it poses on animal production and health; and ensuring development of sustainable animal farming and land use, and climate adaptation and mitigation strategies.","PeriodicalId":214462,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Pure and Applied Biosciences","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121439689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-05-30DOI: 10.34104/ajpab.020.051063
Dejene Taye, Bamlaku Getnet
This research focuses on the impact of staff turnover on organizational effectiveness and performance in Mada Walabu University. High staff turnover rates may jeopardize efforts to attain organizational objectives. In addition, when an organization loses a critical employee, there is a negative impact on innovation, consistency in providing service to primary users may be jeopardized and major delays in the delivery of services to customers may occur. The research design used in this study was the descriptive approach, which allowed the researcher to use semi-structured questionnaires when collecting data. The survey method used in this study because the target population only composed of 425 employees. The study employed Purposive, Simple Random sampling, and Convenience sampling techniques. A high response rate of 100% obtained using the personal method of data collection; questionnaire structured in a 5-point Likert scale format. Furthermore, the study interviewed human resource heads and ten voluntary employees with convenient sampling techniques. The study finding suggests that high labor demand and job opportunities in the market, lack of opportunity for career advancement in the organization, Unsatisfied with the working conditions, and no involvement in decision-making, are the foremost causes of employee turnover on organizational performance. The study finding also showed that staff turnover causes loss of some of the very experienced and skilled employees, reduction in work productivity and quality of services rendered as well as it causes too much wastage of resources when new staff settles and loses public confidence in the operation of the organization. In order to return the reduced university’s capacity in terms of national attrition rates, higher education access targets, quality education assurance, significant community, and technology transfer, and standardized research-based problem-solving culture due to staff turnover.
{"title":"The Impact of Employee Turnover on Organizational Performance: A Case Study of Mada Walabu University, Bale Robe, Ethiopia","authors":"Dejene Taye, Bamlaku Getnet","doi":"10.34104/ajpab.020.051063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34104/ajpab.020.051063","url":null,"abstract":"This research focuses on the impact of staff turnover on organizational effectiveness and performance in Mada Walabu University. High staff turnover rates may jeopardize efforts to attain organizational objectives. In addition, when an organization loses a critical employee, there is a negative impact on innovation, consistency in providing service to primary users may be jeopardized and major delays in the delivery of services to customers may occur. The research design used in this study was the descriptive approach, which allowed the researcher to use semi-structured questionnaires when collecting data. The survey method used in this study because the target population only composed of 425 employees. The study employed Purposive, Simple Random sampling, and Convenience sampling techniques. A high response rate of 100% obtained using the personal method of data collection; questionnaire structured in a 5-point Likert scale format. Furthermore, the study interviewed human resource heads and ten voluntary employees with convenient sampling techniques. The study finding suggests that high labor demand and job opportunities in the market, lack of opportunity for career advancement in the organization, Unsatisfied with the working conditions, and no involvement in decision-making, are the foremost causes of employee turnover on organizational performance. The study finding also showed that staff turnover causes loss of some of the very experienced and skilled employees, reduction in work productivity and quality of services rendered as well as it causes too much wastage of resources when new staff settles and loses public confidence in the operation of the organization. In order to return the reduced university’s capacity in terms of national attrition rates, higher education access targets, quality education assurance, significant community, and technology transfer, and standardized research-based problem-solving culture due to staff turnover.","PeriodicalId":214462,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Pure and Applied Biosciences","volume":"65 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121445377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-05-14DOI: 10.34104/ajpab.020.039050
M. Z. Abedin, Md. Sadiqur Rahman, Rubait Hasan, Jamiatul Husna Shathi, Laila, Jarin, M. S. Zaman
Bacterial diseases are widespread and can be of particular importance in the fish farming of Bangladesh. This investigation was done to assess and compare the bacteria diversities and population in local fresh water pond fishes. Out of 95 samples, 54(56.9%) were Shing (Heteropneustes fossils), 14(14.7%) were Pangas (Pangasius pangasius), 9(9.5%) were Pabda (Ompok spp), 7(7.3%) were Thai Koi, (Anabas testudineus), and 11(11.6%) were others infected fishes such as Shol (Channa striata), Magur (Clarias spp), Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), and Tengara (Mystus cavasius) fishes. Among 95 infected fishes 84(88.4%) were infected with pathogenic bacteria and 11(11.6%) were normal flora. There were eight types of different isolated spp with the frequency of occurrence were 36 (42.9%) Aeromonas spp, 15 (17.9%) Pseudomonas spp, 7(8.3%) Vibrio spp, 9 (10.7%) Staphylococcus spp, 7(8.3%) Flavobacterium spp, 7(8.3%) Edwardsiella spp, others were 3(3.6%) Citobacter spp, and Enterobacter spp respectively. All of the isolated pathogenic bacteria showed 84/84(100%) resistant to Amoxicillin and 18/84(64.3%) resistant to Erythromycin. All the strains showed sensitive to Ciprofloxacin, Cotrimoxazole, Enorfloxacin, Doxyciline, Clotetracycline, and Colistin with the frequency of occurrence were 78/84(92.8%), 76/84 (90.5%), 73/84(86.9%), 67/84(67.9%), 53/84(63.1%) and 52/84(61.9%) respectively. The physiochemical characteristics of 95 pond water samples were analyzed; the average water temperature, pH, and ammonia were 27.3oC, 7.6, and 0.87mg/L respectively. The significant variation in the physiochemical parameters like water temperature, pH, ammonia was observed within these five types of ponds water. Hence, it is important to detect fish diseases, responsible pathogens, and other agents for the protection of our water resources.
{"title":"Isolation, Identification, and Antimicrobial Profiling of Bacteria from Aquaculture Fishes in Pond Water of Bangladesh","authors":"M. Z. Abedin, Md. Sadiqur Rahman, Rubait Hasan, Jamiatul Husna Shathi, Laila, Jarin, M. S. Zaman","doi":"10.34104/ajpab.020.039050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34104/ajpab.020.039050","url":null,"abstract":"Bacterial diseases are widespread and can be of particular importance in the fish farming of Bangladesh. This investigation was done to assess and compare the bacteria diversities and population in local fresh water pond fishes. Out of 95 samples, 54(56.9%) were Shing (Heteropneustes fossils), 14(14.7%) were Pangas (Pangasius pangasius), 9(9.5%) were Pabda (Ompok spp), 7(7.3%) were Thai Koi, (Anabas testudineus), and 11(11.6%) were others infected fishes such as Shol (Channa striata), Magur (Clarias spp), Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), and Tengara (Mystus cavasius) fishes. Among 95 infected fishes 84(88.4%) were infected with pathogenic bacteria and 11(11.6%) were normal flora. There were eight types of different isolated spp with the frequency of occurrence were 36 (42.9%) Aeromonas spp, 15 (17.9%) Pseudomonas spp, 7(8.3%) Vibrio spp, 9 (10.7%) Staphylococcus spp, 7(8.3%) Flavobacterium spp, 7(8.3%) Edwardsiella spp, others were 3(3.6%) Citobacter spp, and Enterobacter spp respectively. All of the isolated pathogenic bacteria showed 84/84(100%) resistant to Amoxicillin and 18/84(64.3%) resistant to Erythromycin. All the strains showed sensitive to Ciprofloxacin, Cotrimoxazole, Enorfloxacin, Doxyciline, Clotetracycline, and Colistin with the frequency of occurrence were 78/84(92.8%), 76/84 (90.5%), 73/84(86.9%), 67/84(67.9%), 53/84(63.1%) and 52/84(61.9%) respectively. The physiochemical characteristics of 95 pond water samples were analyzed; the average water temperature, pH, and ammonia were 27.3oC, 7.6, and 0.87mg/L respectively. The significant variation in the physiochemical parameters like water temperature, pH, ammonia was observed within these five types of ponds water. Hence, it is important to detect fish diseases, responsible pathogens, and other agents for the protection of our water resources.","PeriodicalId":214462,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Pure and Applied Biosciences","volume":"1930 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128890847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-28DOI: 10.34104/ajpab.020.36038
S. Rafiquzzaman
In Bangladesh, the lockdown has been started officially from 26th March 2020 which is actually the most important time for harvesting and summer stocking in the pond. The whole aquaculture production system is now hampering due to pandemic COVID-19 and the value chain in this sector is quite vulnerable. I conducted a wireless survey through cell phone collected information from different stakeholders of different agro-ecological zones of Bangladesh to assess the impact of the pandemic situations in the aquaculture sector. Survey results revealed that pandemic COVID-19 has been affected in different areas of the aquaculture sector including reduction of consumption, export order cancellation, reduction in price, delay in summer stocking, lack of technical support, and transport crisis.
{"title":"Case Study on the Impact of Pandemic COVID-19 in Aquaculture with its Recommendations","authors":"S. Rafiquzzaman","doi":"10.34104/ajpab.020.36038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34104/ajpab.020.36038","url":null,"abstract":"In Bangladesh, the lockdown has been started officially from 26th March 2020 which is actually the most important time for harvesting and summer stocking in the pond. The whole aquaculture production system is now hampering due to pandemic COVID-19 and the value chain in this sector is quite vulnerable. I conducted a wireless survey through cell phone collected information from different stakeholders of different agro-ecological zones of Bangladesh to assess the impact of the pandemic situations in the aquaculture sector. Survey results revealed that pandemic COVID-19 has been affected in different areas of the aquaculture sector including reduction of consumption, export order cancellation, reduction in price, delay in summer stocking, lack of technical support, and transport crisis.","PeriodicalId":214462,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Pure and Applied Biosciences","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132461007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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