Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.34104/ajpab.021.035041
M. R. Karim, Majharul Islam, Md. Saikat Hossain Bhuiyan, Sushan Chowhan, M. Hassan, Arif Sardar, J. Mian
Response of Potassium (K) is boosted due to the introduction of high-yielding varieties and cropping intensity. So, a pot experiment was done to see the allocation of native and added K in soils and the response of this on rice. Seven soil samples from seven AEZs. An amount of 1-kilogram soil was taken in each of 28 earthen pots of which 14 pots for cultivation rice and 14 pots for without cultivation as a control. Potassium and other fertilizers applied as follows Fertilizer Recommendation Guide-1012. Two replicate plots were used per treatment. Then the soils were saturated with water so that the soils could be soaked well. The pots were kept in this condition for one day to allow the soils to settle in the pots properly. The rice variety used for the experiment was BRRI dhan28. All forms of K were found to remarkable decrease due to cultivation. The depleted non-exchangeable K sum was the largest, this was followed by exchangeable and then, in control plots, water-soluble K. The depleted amount of exchangeable and non-exchangeable K was almost similar but higher than water-soluble K in treated pots. A significant variation was found among the yields ranging from 3.77 to 5.48 g pot-1. The average dry matter yield of treated pots 4.75 g pot-1 was significantly higher than non-treated pots 3.10 g pot-1.
{"title":"Potassium Fractions and Rice Yield in Different Agro-ecological Zones of Bangladesh","authors":"M. R. Karim, Majharul Islam, Md. Saikat Hossain Bhuiyan, Sushan Chowhan, M. Hassan, Arif Sardar, J. Mian","doi":"10.34104/ajpab.021.035041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34104/ajpab.021.035041","url":null,"abstract":"Response of Potassium (K) is boosted due to the introduction of high-yielding varieties and cropping intensity. So, a pot experiment was done to see the allocation of native and added K in soils and the response of this on rice. Seven soil samples from seven AEZs. An amount of 1-kilogram soil was taken in each of 28 earthen pots of which 14 pots for cultivation rice and 14 pots for without cultivation as a control. Potassium and other fertilizers applied as follows Fertilizer Recommendation Guide-1012. Two replicate plots were used per treatment. Then the soils were saturated with water so that the soils could be soaked well. The pots were kept in this condition for one day to allow the soils to settle in the pots properly. The rice variety used for the experiment was BRRI dhan28. All forms of K were found to remarkable decrease due to cultivation. The depleted non-exchangeable K sum was the largest, this was followed by exchangeable and then, in control plots, water-soluble K. The depleted amount of exchangeable and non-exchangeable K was almost similar but higher than water-soluble K in treated pots. A significant variation was found among the yields ranging from 3.77 to 5.48 g pot-1. The average dry matter yield of treated pots 4.75 g pot-1 was significantly higher than non-treated pots 3.10 g pot-1.","PeriodicalId":214462,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Pure and Applied Biosciences","volume":"64 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127621477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.34104/ajpab.021.042049
Wakgari Abirham Haile, Tilahun Ayano
This seminar review is aimed to provide information about the IBK which results in ocular pain and loss of vision that would result in the reduction of the market price of the affected animal. Infectious Bovine Keratoconjuctivitis (IBK) or ‘pink eye’ is a common and highly contagious ocular disease. The disease is caused by the bacteria family Moraxellaceae, genus Moraxella and species Moraxella bovis. M. bovis is a gram-negative rod. The occurrence and distribution of the disease are worldwide and the persistence of the disease from year to year is by means of infected animals, which can act as carriers. Transmission is unusual in the absence of flies and occurs generally in their presence. A number of factors such as tall grass, weeds, dust, face flies and ultraviolet radiation, and other stress factors contribute to the disease occurrence. The pathogenesis of IBK is likely associated with collagenase release from epithelial cells, fibroblasts, and neutrophils. Hydrolytic enzymes of M. bovis possess the ability to degrade lipids, mucopolysaccharides, and matrix proteins, which may contribute to corneal ulceration. The first signs of pinkeye are characterized by excessive tearing, blinking, photophobia, and swelling of the eyelids and conjunctiva. As the disease progresses, the ocular discharge becomes purulent. The disease is usually diagnosed with clinical signs like excessive lacrimation and culturing of the bacteria from ocular exudates. IBK is differentially diagnosed from M. bovis, Pasteurella multocida, IBRT, and Thelaziasis. Drugs may be delivered to the eye in several ways: subconjunctival injection, topical application, and systemic administration to treat the diseases. Vaccination and fly control are some of the prevention and control measures. This disease is economically very important which causes severe ocular disorder in cattle which may result in the suffering of the animal from pain and loss of vision thereby economic loss due to bodyweight loss by the stress from pain, inability to feed properly, and the blindness that reduces the price of sale. Therefore, it is recommended that the susceptible cattle should be housed to avoid exposure to UV radiation and the populations of face flies should be controlled to minimize the incidence and transmission of IBK.
{"title":"A Brief Review on the Prevalence, Diagnosis Prevention of Infectious Bovine Keratoconjuctivitis","authors":"Wakgari Abirham Haile, Tilahun Ayano","doi":"10.34104/ajpab.021.042049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34104/ajpab.021.042049","url":null,"abstract":"This seminar review is aimed to provide information about the IBK which results in ocular pain and loss of vision that would result in the reduction of the market price of the affected animal. Infectious Bovine Keratoconjuctivitis (IBK) or ‘pink eye’ is a common and highly contagious ocular disease. The disease is caused by the bacteria family Moraxellaceae, genus Moraxella and species Moraxella bovis. M. bovis is a gram-negative rod. The occurrence and distribution of the disease are worldwide and the persistence of the disease from year to year is by means of infected animals, which can act as carriers. Transmission is unusual in the absence of flies and occurs generally in their presence. A number of factors such as tall grass, weeds, dust, face flies and ultraviolet radiation, and other stress factors contribute to the disease occurrence. The pathogenesis of IBK is likely associated with collagenase release from epithelial cells, fibroblasts, and neutrophils. Hydrolytic enzymes of M. bovis possess the ability to degrade lipids, mucopolysaccharides, and matrix proteins, which may contribute to corneal ulceration. The first signs of pinkeye are characterized by excessive tearing, blinking, photophobia, and swelling of the eyelids and conjunctiva. As the disease progresses, the ocular discharge becomes purulent. The disease is usually diagnosed with clinical signs like excessive lacrimation and culturing of the bacteria from ocular exudates. IBK is differentially diagnosed from M. bovis, Pasteurella multocida, IBRT, and Thelaziasis. Drugs may be delivered to the eye in several ways: subconjunctival injection, topical application, and systemic administration to treat the diseases. Vaccination and fly control are some of the prevention and control measures. This disease is economically very important which causes severe ocular disorder in cattle which may result in the suffering of the animal from pain and loss of vision thereby economic loss due to bodyweight loss by the stress from pain, inability to feed properly, and the blindness that reduces the price of sale. Therefore, it is recommended that the susceptible cattle should be housed to avoid exposure to UV radiation and the populations of face flies should be controlled to minimize the incidence and transmission of IBK.","PeriodicalId":214462,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Pure and Applied Biosciences","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133666888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.34104/ajpab.021.017028
Md. Ashiqur Rahamn, Sifat Ara, Mohammed Kyokobad Hosain, Bushra Rahman
Scientific endeavor has made it possible to discover and synthesize lipid-lowering drugs but, in most cases, their beneficial effects are overshadowed by their adverse effects. Hence, research interest in the screening of medicinal plants has intensified in recent years with a view of discovering potential antioxidants, lipid, and glucose-lowering phytochemicals. Four-month feeding of carbamazepine (both 5 mg/kg and 20 mg/kg body weight) with a normal diet increased the body mass of rats. Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol level was increased based on the oral execution of carbamazepine. But high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol level and weight of the liver increased slightly and the level of triacylglycerol (TG) and total cholesterol (TC) level remain unchanged. Nonetheless, the Begonia barbata feeding with a normal diet reduced carbamazepine-induced obesity at both high and low doses. The level of LDL cholesterol and liver weight was significantly decreased due to the oral execution of B. barbata together with normal diet and carbamazepine, where HDL level was changed but not significantly.
{"title":"Assessment and Evaluation of the Leaf Extract of Begonia barbata to the Reduction LDL-Cholesterol in Carbamazepine Induced Obese Rats","authors":"Md. Ashiqur Rahamn, Sifat Ara, Mohammed Kyokobad Hosain, Bushra Rahman","doi":"10.34104/ajpab.021.017028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34104/ajpab.021.017028","url":null,"abstract":"Scientific endeavor has made it possible to discover and synthesize lipid-lowering drugs but, in most cases, their beneficial effects are overshadowed by their adverse effects. Hence, research interest in the screening of medicinal plants has intensified in recent years with a view of discovering potential antioxidants, lipid, and glucose-lowering phytochemicals. Four-month feeding of carbamazepine (both 5 mg/kg and 20 mg/kg body weight) with a normal diet increased the body mass of rats. Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol level was increased based on the oral execution of carbamazepine. But high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol level and weight of the liver increased slightly and the level of triacylglycerol (TG) and total cholesterol (TC) level remain unchanged. Nonetheless, the Begonia barbata feeding with a normal diet reduced carbamazepine-induced obesity at both high and low doses. The level of LDL cholesterol and liver weight was significantly decreased due to the oral execution of B. barbata together with normal diet and carbamazepine, where HDL level was changed but not significantly.","PeriodicalId":214462,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Pure and Applied Biosciences","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128956364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.34104/ajpab.021.029034
A. Ahmed, S. A. Hasan, Nusrat Akhtar Juyee, M. Islam, M. Z. Abedin
It is a great concern that extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) and non-ESBL uropathogenic micro-organisms have been worldwide illustrated to increase multidrug resistance. To study the prevalence and patterns of uropathogens, and antimicrobial susceptibilities profiles of ESBL and non-ESBL producing bacterial infection in a tertiary level health service center of Bangladesh. The prevalence of ESBL producing uropathogens and their antimicrobial resistance patterns were identified in 176 isolates from patients with UTI. ESBL and non-ESBL producing bacterial isolates and their antibiotic sensitivity and resistance patterns were distinguished from the 176 patients of suspected urinary tract infection. The Double-disc diffusion test was done to determine the presence of ESBL-producing bacterial strains. The most widely ESBL positive uropathogen was Escherichia coli (87%), followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, (6.8%), Enterococcus spp. (3.4%), Acinetobacter spp. (2.5%) and non-ESBL positive E. coli (41.4), Staphylococcus saprophyticus (25.9%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (17.2%), Staphylococcus aureus (10.3%), and Klebsiella pneumoniae (5.2%). The current investigation found most frequently Escherichia coli in both ESBL and non-ESBL uropathogenic groups as 87% and 41.4% respectively. Generally, a large number of antibiotic resistance patterns and ESBL producing common bacterial isolates were found in this study which increases the public health problem. Therefore, for safe human life, we ought to be taking appropriate action against the threat.
{"title":"Patterns of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase Producing Uropathogens Detection in Tertiary Care Hospital of Bangladesh","authors":"A. Ahmed, S. A. Hasan, Nusrat Akhtar Juyee, M. Islam, M. Z. Abedin","doi":"10.34104/ajpab.021.029034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34104/ajpab.021.029034","url":null,"abstract":"It is a great concern that extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) and non-ESBL uropathogenic micro-organisms have been worldwide illustrated to increase multidrug resistance. To study the prevalence and patterns of uropathogens, and antimicrobial susceptibilities profiles of ESBL and non-ESBL producing bacterial infection in a tertiary level health service center of Bangladesh. The prevalence of ESBL producing uropathogens and their antimicrobial resistance patterns were identified in 176 isolates from patients with UTI. ESBL and non-ESBL producing bacterial isolates and their antibiotic sensitivity and resistance patterns were distinguished from the 176 patients of suspected urinary tract infection. The Double-disc diffusion test was done to determine the presence of ESBL-producing bacterial strains. The most widely ESBL positive uropathogen was Escherichia coli (87%), followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, (6.8%), Enterococcus spp. (3.4%), Acinetobacter spp. (2.5%) and non-ESBL positive E. coli (41.4), Staphylococcus saprophyticus (25.9%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (17.2%), Staphylococcus aureus (10.3%), and Klebsiella pneumoniae (5.2%). The current investigation found most frequently Escherichia coli in both ESBL and non-ESBL uropathogenic groups as 87% and 41.4% respectively. Generally, a large number of antibiotic resistance patterns and ESBL producing common bacterial isolates were found in this study which increases the public health problem. Therefore, for safe human life, we ought to be taking appropriate action against the threat.","PeriodicalId":214462,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Pure and Applied Biosciences","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114551482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.34104/ajpab.021.050054
Mohammad Lutfar Rahman, Harwindar Singh, Khairir Khalil
Functional authority is a management term that underscores the need to apply authority by an individual, team to play over an individual, department, division in order for them to follow strict principles, procedures to carry out their work within schedule aiming to make the best outcome according to the standard principle of the organization. Through the functional authority an organization’s mission, vision, objectives, policy, guideline, procedure, principle, cultures are highlighted. Functional authority is bestowed to those persons by the authority to the effect that they will control specific processes, practices, policies, or other matters to carry out managerial functions as per the decision of the company’s policymakers. Delegation of functional authority varies at different types of strategic decisions. First, decisions concerning capital investments are kept more centralized than those concerning the workforce due to the greater number of financial resources and the greater externalities involved in each individual decision. Second, as to decisions concerning investments in capital equipment, the larger the amount of the investments the less likely decentralization. As to decisions concerning a plant’s labor force, decision authority is more likely to be kept centralized if decisions affect other units of the firm and decentralized if they have a larger impact on the plant manager’s activity. In labor relations matter, decentralization is necessary for the implementation of agreements reached after negotiation and are applicable to all units under their one ownership. On the other hand, centralization is necessary in case labor relations are at the bargaining level only. The concept, expressed as the transfer of authority from the center to subordinate ends, is important both for more effective and productive management of the areas outside the center organization in public administration and for strengthening these areas in terms of democracy conception. Because of the increasing interest all over the world in issues such as ensuring service need compliance, the importance of decisions made by the closest unit to the public and the reduction of bureaucratization have made implementation of decentralized systems a necessity in the local regions.
{"title":"Functional Authority: A Tool of Decentralizing Corporate Management","authors":"Mohammad Lutfar Rahman, Harwindar Singh, Khairir Khalil","doi":"10.34104/ajpab.021.050054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34104/ajpab.021.050054","url":null,"abstract":"Functional authority is a management term that underscores the need to apply authority by an individual, team to play over an individual, department, division in order for them to follow strict principles, procedures to carry out their work within schedule aiming to make the best outcome according to the standard principle of the organization. Through the functional authority an organization’s mission, vision, objectives, policy, guideline, procedure, principle, cultures are highlighted. Functional authority is bestowed to those persons by the authority to the effect that they will control specific processes, practices, policies, or other matters to carry out managerial functions as per the decision of the company’s policymakers. Delegation of functional authority varies at different types of strategic decisions. First, decisions concerning capital investments are kept more centralized than those concerning the workforce due to the greater number of financial resources and the greater externalities involved in each individual decision. Second, as to decisions concerning investments in capital equipment, the larger the amount of the investments the less likely decentralization. As to decisions concerning a plant’s labor force, decision authority is more likely to be kept centralized if decisions affect other units of the firm and decentralized if they have a larger impact on the plant manager’s activity. In labor relations matter, decentralization is necessary for the implementation of agreements reached after negotiation and are applicable to all units under their one ownership. On the other hand, centralization is necessary in case labor relations are at the bargaining level only. The concept, expressed as the transfer of authority from the center to subordinate ends, is important both for more effective and productive management of the areas outside the center organization in public administration and for strengthening these areas in terms of democracy conception. Because of the increasing interest all over the world in issues such as ensuring service need compliance, the importance of decisions made by the closest unit to the public and the reduction of bureaucratization have made implementation of decentralized systems a necessity in the local regions.","PeriodicalId":214462,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Pure and Applied Biosciences","volume":"203 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116700012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：