Pub Date : 2007-12-26DOI: 10.1109/IREP.2007.4410574
S. Mohagheghi, R.H. Alaileh, G. Cokkinides, A. Meliopoulos
The supercalibrator concept was introduced based on a statistical estimation process that fits the GPS- synchronized measurements and all other available standard data into a three-phase, breaker-oriented, instrumentation inclusive model. In this approach, the asymmetries, unbalances and the instrumentation errors are taken into account in the state estimation procedure.The laboratory setup considered in this paper is the scaled down model of a three substation power system.
{"title":"Distributed state estimation based on the supercalibrator concept - laboratory implementation","authors":"S. Mohagheghi, R.H. Alaileh, G. Cokkinides, A. Meliopoulos","doi":"10.1109/IREP.2007.4410574","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IREP.2007.4410574","url":null,"abstract":"The supercalibrator concept was introduced based on a statistical estimation process that fits the GPS- synchronized measurements and all other available standard data into a three-phase, breaker-oriented, instrumentation inclusive model. In this approach, the asymmetries, unbalances and the instrumentation errors are taken into account in the state estimation procedure.The laboratory setup considered in this paper is the scaled down model of a three substation power system.","PeriodicalId":214545,"journal":{"name":"2007 iREP Symposium - Bulk Power System Dynamics and Control - VII. Revitalizing Operational Reliability","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131007754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-12-26DOI: 10.1109/IREP.2007.4410561
Krish Narendra, Zhiying Zhang, John Lane, Bill Lackey, Ed Khan NxtPhase
Phasor measurement unit (PMU) is an emerging technology in electric power systems which has many advantages in wide area disturbance analysis, protection and control. In order to utilize the benefits of this technology and to arrive at common way of representing, reporting and utilizing Phasor measurements, the IEEE standards committee revised the existing 1344 standard for synchrophasors and recently published "IEEE Standard for Synchrophasors for Power Systems-C37.118-2005". The new standard mandates compliance levels (level 0 and / or level 1) for the PMU under steady state conditions. This paper discusses the calibration and testing of TESLA 3000 PMU -a software module available with the TESLA disturbance fault recorder (DFR) and the challenges of testing the PMU as per the new synchrophasor standard. The possible sources of errors and the current state of the art of the calibration equipment which qualifies for PMU testing will also be discussed.
{"title":"Calibration and testing of TESLA Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU) using doble F6150 test instrument","authors":"Krish Narendra, Zhiying Zhang, John Lane, Bill Lackey, Ed Khan NxtPhase","doi":"10.1109/IREP.2007.4410561","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IREP.2007.4410561","url":null,"abstract":"Phasor measurement unit (PMU) is an emerging technology in electric power systems which has many advantages in wide area disturbance analysis, protection and control. In order to utilize the benefits of this technology and to arrive at common way of representing, reporting and utilizing Phasor measurements, the IEEE standards committee revised the existing 1344 standard for synchrophasors and recently published \"IEEE Standard for Synchrophasors for Power Systems-C37.118-2005\". The new standard mandates compliance levels (level 0 and / or level 1) for the PMU under steady state conditions. This paper discusses the calibration and testing of TESLA 3000 PMU -a software module available with the TESLA disturbance fault recorder (DFR) and the challenges of testing the PMU as per the new synchrophasor standard. The possible sources of errors and the current state of the art of the calibration equipment which qualifies for PMU testing will also be discussed.","PeriodicalId":214545,"journal":{"name":"2007 iREP Symposium - Bulk Power System Dynamics and Control - VII. Revitalizing Operational Reliability","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129004046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-12-26DOI: 10.1109/IREP.2007.4410539
T. Overbye, Esa M. Rantanen, S. Judd
The paper introduces a new technique for power system visualization known as geographic data views, or GDVs. The impetus behind the development of GDVs is to use dynamically created visualization in order to show a wider range of power system information than is possible using the existing geographically based wide-area visualizations that are becoming common in electric power control centers. With the GDV approach power system visualizations can be dynamically created by operators or engineers using power system information along with geographic information imbedded in the power system model. The paper demonstrates the approach for several sample data sets.
{"title":"Electric power control center visualization using Geographic Data Views","authors":"T. Overbye, Esa M. Rantanen, S. Judd","doi":"10.1109/IREP.2007.4410539","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IREP.2007.4410539","url":null,"abstract":"The paper introduces a new technique for power system visualization known as geographic data views, or GDVs. The impetus behind the development of GDVs is to use dynamically created visualization in order to show a wider range of power system information than is possible using the existing geographically based wide-area visualizations that are becoming common in electric power control centers. With the GDV approach power system visualizations can be dynamically created by operators or engineers using power system information along with geographic information imbedded in the power system model. The paper demonstrates the approach for several sample data sets.","PeriodicalId":214545,"journal":{"name":"2007 iREP Symposium - Bulk Power System Dynamics and Control - VII. Revitalizing Operational Reliability","volume":"156 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120940381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-12-26DOI: 10.1109/IREP.2007.4410529
B. Lesieutre, F. Alvarado
We have examined the potential impacts of PAR devices on system LMPs. Since fixed-offset and fixed-flow controls impact the incremental capabilities of the network differently, then in theory they should impact the LMPs differently. We demonstrate this effect through examples. Depending on topology, limits, and PAR placement, the relative values for the LMPs will be vary. In some cases the fixed-flow operation may result in lower LMPs, and in other cases the fixed-offset will result in lower LMPs. We have also briefly noted that there can be advantages to operating the PAR in a hybrid mode in which the phase angle may be set to control fixed-offset, fixed-flow, or even fixed-flow on a different path, depending on system conditions.
{"title":"Pondering proper PAR pricing","authors":"B. Lesieutre, F. Alvarado","doi":"10.1109/IREP.2007.4410529","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IREP.2007.4410529","url":null,"abstract":"We have examined the potential impacts of PAR devices on system LMPs. Since fixed-offset and fixed-flow controls impact the incremental capabilities of the network differently, then in theory they should impact the LMPs differently. We demonstrate this effect through examples. Depending on topology, limits, and PAR placement, the relative values for the LMPs will be vary. In some cases the fixed-flow operation may result in lower LMPs, and in other cases the fixed-offset will result in lower LMPs. We have also briefly noted that there can be advantages to operating the PAR in a hybrid mode in which the phase angle may be set to control fixed-offset, fixed-flow, or even fixed-flow on a different path, depending on system conditions.","PeriodicalId":214545,"journal":{"name":"2007 iREP Symposium - Bulk Power System Dynamics and Control - VII. Revitalizing Operational Reliability","volume":"355 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122764186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-12-26DOI: 10.1109/IREP.2007.4410538
S. Hadley
Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEVs) have the potential to increase the use of electricity to fuel the U.S. transportation needs. The effect of this additional demand on the electric system will depend on the amount and timing of the vehicles' periodic recharging on the grid. We used the ORCED (Oak Ridge Competitive Electricity Dispatch) model to evaluate the impact of PHEVs on the Virginia-Carolinas (VACAR) electric grid in 2018. An inventory of one million PHEVs was used and charging was begun in early evening and later at night for comparison. Different connection power levels of 1.4 kW, 2 kW, and 6 kW were used. The results include the impact on capacity requirements, fuel types, generation technologies, and emissions. Cost information such as added cost of generation and cost savings versus use of gasoline were calculated. Preliminary results of the expansion of the study to all regions of the country are also presented. The results show distinct differences in fuels and generating technologies when charging times are changed. At low specific power and late in the evening, coal was the major fuel used, while charging more heavily during peak times led to more use of combustion turbines and combined cycle plants.
{"title":"Evaluating the impact of Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles on regional electricity supplies","authors":"S. Hadley","doi":"10.1109/IREP.2007.4410538","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IREP.2007.4410538","url":null,"abstract":"Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEVs) have the potential to increase the use of electricity to fuel the U.S. transportation needs. The effect of this additional demand on the electric system will depend on the amount and timing of the vehicles' periodic recharging on the grid. We used the ORCED (Oak Ridge Competitive Electricity Dispatch) model to evaluate the impact of PHEVs on the Virginia-Carolinas (VACAR) electric grid in 2018. An inventory of one million PHEVs was used and charging was begun in early evening and later at night for comparison. Different connection power levels of 1.4 kW, 2 kW, and 6 kW were used. The results include the impact on capacity requirements, fuel types, generation technologies, and emissions. Cost information such as added cost of generation and cost savings versus use of gasoline were calculated. Preliminary results of the expansion of the study to all regions of the country are also presented. The results show distinct differences in fuels and generating technologies when charging times are changed. At low specific power and late in the evening, coal was the major fuel used, while charging more heavily during peak times led to more use of combustion turbines and combined cycle plants.","PeriodicalId":214545,"journal":{"name":"2007 iREP Symposium - Bulk Power System Dynamics and Control - VII. Revitalizing Operational Reliability","volume":"103 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116167268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-12-26DOI: 10.1109/IREP.2007.4410536
E. Bompard, Ciwei Gao, R. Napoli, A. Russo, M. Masera, A. Stefanini
Since the malicious threats are concerned widely around the world, authorities are keen to implement adequate countermeasures against the malicious attacks, in which the information plays a very important role. In this paper, the problem of the risk analysis of malicious attacks against the power system is addressed with particular consideration of the information. Due to the strategic interaction among the attacker and the defender, a model based on game theory is proposed. Focusing on the importance of the information, Bayesian game is applied to study the impacts of the imperfect information. Several information scenarios are considered; they are generated in terms of the defender's and attacker's knowledge about their opponent's action costs. Conclusions are drawn with the numerical example of the IEEE RTS 96 system.
{"title":"Information impact on the risk analysis of the malicious attack against power system","authors":"E. Bompard, Ciwei Gao, R. Napoli, A. Russo, M. Masera, A. Stefanini","doi":"10.1109/IREP.2007.4410536","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IREP.2007.4410536","url":null,"abstract":"Since the malicious threats are concerned widely around the world, authorities are keen to implement adequate countermeasures against the malicious attacks, in which the information plays a very important role. In this paper, the problem of the risk analysis of malicious attacks against the power system is addressed with particular consideration of the information. Due to the strategic interaction among the attacker and the defender, a model based on game theory is proposed. Focusing on the importance of the information, Bayesian game is applied to study the impacts of the imperfect information. Several information scenarios are considered; they are generated in terms of the defender's and attacker's knowledge about their opponent's action costs. Conclusions are drawn with the numerical example of the IEEE RTS 96 system.","PeriodicalId":214545,"journal":{"name":"2007 iREP Symposium - Bulk Power System Dynamics and Control - VII. Revitalizing Operational Reliability","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134358511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-12-26DOI: 10.1109/IREP.2007.4410513
T. Dietermann, G. Balzer
The liberalization of the German energy market forced the power utilities to change their strategies especially their maintenance and investment practice. In an open market the customers are free to decide where they want to buy the energy they need. The power utilities have to remain competitive and therefore they are searching for ways to invest their maintenance budget as efficient as possible. In this paper an approach which sorts every asset referring to its importance for the system performance is shown. The presented researches were done for a part of the German 110 kV transmission system in order to find the correlation between the position of the assets in the system and their importance for the system performance.
{"title":"Changes in the market situation and the need for efficient maintenance strategies","authors":"T. Dietermann, G. Balzer","doi":"10.1109/IREP.2007.4410513","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IREP.2007.4410513","url":null,"abstract":"The liberalization of the German energy market forced the power utilities to change their strategies especially their maintenance and investment practice. In an open market the customers are free to decide where they want to buy the energy they need. The power utilities have to remain competitive and therefore they are searching for ways to invest their maintenance budget as efficient as possible. In this paper an approach which sorts every asset referring to its importance for the system performance is shown. The presented researches were done for a part of the German 110 kV transmission system in order to find the correlation between the position of the assets in the system and their importance for the system performance.","PeriodicalId":214545,"journal":{"name":"2007 iREP Symposium - Bulk Power System Dynamics and Control - VII. Revitalizing Operational Reliability","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124407079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-12-26DOI: 10.1109/IREP.2007.4410517
A. Hajimiragha, Claudio A. Canizares, Michael Fowler, M. Geidl, Goran Andersson
This paper investigates the formulation of a general optimal energy flow (OEF) problem for integrated energy systems, paying particular attention to "hydrogen economy" issues, i.e. production, distribution and utilization of hydrogen, as well as considering the impact of energy storage devices. Based on the concept of energy hubs, the optimal conversion and transmission of multiple energy sources and energy carriers, in particular natural gas, electricity, district heat and hydrogen, considering energy storage devices are discussed. A 3 energy-hub system with electricity, gas, heat and hydrogen production, distribution, demand and storage capabilities is used to illustrate some of the proposed concepts and analysis techniques. The results illustrate some of the advantages of combining different energy sources and carriers, particularly if hydrogen is considered as an integral part of the energy system, given its storage characteristics.
{"title":"Optimal Energy Flow of integrated energy systems with hydrogen economy considerations","authors":"A. Hajimiragha, Claudio A. Canizares, Michael Fowler, M. Geidl, Goran Andersson","doi":"10.1109/IREP.2007.4410517","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IREP.2007.4410517","url":null,"abstract":"This paper investigates the formulation of a general optimal energy flow (OEF) problem for integrated energy systems, paying particular attention to \"hydrogen economy\" issues, i.e. production, distribution and utilization of hydrogen, as well as considering the impact of energy storage devices. Based on the concept of energy hubs, the optimal conversion and transmission of multiple energy sources and energy carriers, in particular natural gas, electricity, district heat and hydrogen, considering energy storage devices are discussed. A 3 energy-hub system with electricity, gas, heat and hydrogen production, distribution, demand and storage capabilities is used to illustrate some of the proposed concepts and analysis techniques. The results illustrate some of the advantages of combining different energy sources and carriers, particularly if hydrogen is considered as an integral part of the energy system, given its storage characteristics.","PeriodicalId":214545,"journal":{"name":"2007 iREP Symposium - Bulk Power System Dynamics and Control - VII. Revitalizing Operational Reliability","volume":"63 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114416997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-12-26DOI: 10.1109/IREP.2007.4410553
T. Assis, G. Taranto, D. Falcão
Cost minimization and secure operation are, in general, two conflicting objectives. In this way, it is important to incorporate security assessment in the economic dispatch solution. This paper presents a methodology to determine an economic dispatch that takes into account both static and dynamic security. In the proposed method, the integration of different power systems analysis tools is applied to evaluate the system dynamic security during the economic dispatch computation. Furthermore, to conduct the systems to a secure dispatch without getting away from the optimal solution, an intelligent inference is used.
{"title":"Secure economic dispatch determination through integrated tools and fuzzy inference systems","authors":"T. Assis, G. Taranto, D. Falcão","doi":"10.1109/IREP.2007.4410553","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IREP.2007.4410553","url":null,"abstract":"Cost minimization and secure operation are, in general, two conflicting objectives. In this way, it is important to incorporate security assessment in the economic dispatch solution. This paper presents a methodology to determine an economic dispatch that takes into account both static and dynamic security. In the proposed method, the integration of different power systems analysis tools is applied to evaluate the system dynamic security during the economic dispatch computation. Furthermore, to conduct the systems to a secure dispatch without getting away from the optimal solution, an intelligent inference is used.","PeriodicalId":214545,"journal":{"name":"2007 iREP Symposium - Bulk Power System Dynamics and Control - VII. Revitalizing Operational Reliability","volume":"89 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115563088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-12-26DOI: 10.1109/IREP.2007.4410572
V. Madani, A. Vaccaro, D. Villacci, R. King
With the advent of modern day satellite technology, the electric utility industry is exploring opportunities to expand applications that can be served from space-based platforms. Traditionally, in the electric power industry the use of satellite-based technology is seen in many aspects of wide-area management -- weather satellites are used to provide information on demand and to thus, lower the probability of blackouts or brownouts; GPS satellites are used for system control by providing synchronized measurements; and Low Earth Orbiting (LEO) satellites are being investigated for communication of the power system measurements with the desire to improve reliability and provide global coverage with low data latency. These LEO satellites are typically 500 -1500 km above the Earth's surface. The integration of satellite technology into power system operations is emerging now due not only to the large coverage area available from space, improvements in satellite reliability, and lower data-latency, but also the advent of lower cost small satellite buses. Today, satellite applications for power systems are an active area of research in such areas as wide area measurement, control, and communication.
{"title":"Satellite based communication network for large scale power system applications","authors":"V. Madani, A. Vaccaro, D. Villacci, R. King","doi":"10.1109/IREP.2007.4410572","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IREP.2007.4410572","url":null,"abstract":"With the advent of modern day satellite technology, the electric utility industry is exploring opportunities to expand applications that can be served from space-based platforms. Traditionally, in the electric power industry the use of satellite-based technology is seen in many aspects of wide-area management -- weather satellites are used to provide information on demand and to thus, lower the probability of blackouts or brownouts; GPS satellites are used for system control by providing synchronized measurements; and Low Earth Orbiting (LEO) satellites are being investigated for communication of the power system measurements with the desire to improve reliability and provide global coverage with low data latency. These LEO satellites are typically 500 -1500 km above the Earth's surface. The integration of satellite technology into power system operations is emerging now due not only to the large coverage area available from space, improvements in satellite reliability, and lower data-latency, but also the advent of lower cost small satellite buses. Today, satellite applications for power systems are an active area of research in such areas as wide area measurement, control, and communication.","PeriodicalId":214545,"journal":{"name":"2007 iREP Symposium - Bulk Power System Dynamics and Control - VII. Revitalizing Operational Reliability","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114763361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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