Pub Date : 2007-12-26DOI: 10.1109/IREP.2007.4410542
S. Bose, Y. Liu, K. Bahei-Eldin, J. de Bedout, M. Adamiak
This paper reviews the overall architecture of the Microgrid concept, and presents details associated with the tieline control features. Laboratory results from exercising the tieline controls in a hardware-in-the-loop environment are also presented. The controls are implemented with Matlab/Simulink software running on a PC, using data provided from a digital relay through the IEC 61850 GOOSE/OPC data transfer mechanism.
{"title":"Tieline controls in microgrid applications","authors":"S. Bose, Y. Liu, K. Bahei-Eldin, J. de Bedout, M. Adamiak","doi":"10.1109/IREP.2007.4410542","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IREP.2007.4410542","url":null,"abstract":"This paper reviews the overall architecture of the Microgrid concept, and presents details associated with the tieline control features. Laboratory results from exercising the tieline controls in a hardware-in-the-loop environment are also presented. The controls are implemented with Matlab/Simulink software running on a PC, using data provided from a digital relay through the IEC 61850 GOOSE/OPC data transfer mechanism.","PeriodicalId":214545,"journal":{"name":"2007 iREP Symposium - Bulk Power System Dynamics and Control - VII. Revitalizing Operational Reliability","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121402888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-12-26DOI: 10.1109/IREP.2007.4410550
W. Qiao, R. Harley, G. Venayagamoorthy
Flexible AC transmission system (FACTS) devices are widely recognized as powerful controllers to improve the dynamic performance and stability of power systems. The standard FACTS controllers are linear controllers designed around a specific operating point from a linearized system model with fixed parameters. However, at other operating points their performance degrades. Neural-network-based nonlinear intelligent control offers an attractive approach to overcome the drawbacks of the linear controllers. This paper presents two different neural-network-based intelligent control architectures, i.e., indirect adaptive neurocontrol and adaptive critic design based optimal neurocontrol, for designing the external control of an SSSC FACTS device. Simulation studies are carried out to evaluate the proposed nonlinear intelligent controllers on single machine infinite bus as well as multi-machine power systems. Results show that the proposed intelligent controls improve the dynamic performance of the SSSC and the associated power network.
{"title":"Neural-network-based intelligent control for improving dynamic performance of FACTS devices","authors":"W. Qiao, R. Harley, G. Venayagamoorthy","doi":"10.1109/IREP.2007.4410550","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IREP.2007.4410550","url":null,"abstract":"Flexible AC transmission system (FACTS) devices are widely recognized as powerful controllers to improve the dynamic performance and stability of power systems. The standard FACTS controllers are linear controllers designed around a specific operating point from a linearized system model with fixed parameters. However, at other operating points their performance degrades. Neural-network-based nonlinear intelligent control offers an attractive approach to overcome the drawbacks of the linear controllers. This paper presents two different neural-network-based intelligent control architectures, i.e., indirect adaptive neurocontrol and adaptive critic design based optimal neurocontrol, for designing the external control of an SSSC FACTS device. Simulation studies are carried out to evaluate the proposed nonlinear intelligent controllers on single machine infinite bus as well as multi-machine power systems. Results show that the proposed intelligent controls improve the dynamic performance of the SSSC and the associated power network.","PeriodicalId":214545,"journal":{"name":"2007 iREP Symposium - Bulk Power System Dynamics and Control - VII. Revitalizing Operational Reliability","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132740097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-12-26DOI: 10.1109/IREP.2007.4410527
C. Genesi, G. Granelli, P. Marannino, M. Montagna, F. Zanellini
Based on the analysis of the recent huge blackouts that stroke some countries in the European systems, the authors of the paper emphasize as a right knowledge of the actual cross border transmission capacities (CBTCs) is becoming of primary importance in order to obtain a secure operation of the whole system, independently from the method adopted in its allocation. Among the different methods proposed for the CBTCs allocation the behavior of the so called coordinated auctioning (CA) has been simulated in an automatic procedure applied to the analysis of the UCTE system with reference to scenarios of the years 2005 and 2010. The adopted simulator allows the supervision of the network flows not only in each interconnection line, but also in the first ones living the borders to enter in the national networks. Opening a larger window on the network flows, the simulator is able to put in evidence the role played in the CBTC allocation by the presence of internal bottlenecks. Examples are given showing as limiting the control to the Net Transmission Capacity (NTC) published by each Transmission System Operator (TSO) or extending the supervision only to the lines of the interconnection corridors is not enough to attain the most suitable information for a secure and economic CBTC allocation.
{"title":"Opening a larger window on network flows to enhance the cross border capacity allocation in bulk interconnected systems","authors":"C. Genesi, G. Granelli, P. Marannino, M. Montagna, F. Zanellini","doi":"10.1109/IREP.2007.4410527","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IREP.2007.4410527","url":null,"abstract":"Based on the analysis of the recent huge blackouts that stroke some countries in the European systems, the authors of the paper emphasize as a right knowledge of the actual cross border transmission capacities (CBTCs) is becoming of primary importance in order to obtain a secure operation of the whole system, independently from the method adopted in its allocation. Among the different methods proposed for the CBTCs allocation the behavior of the so called coordinated auctioning (CA) has been simulated in an automatic procedure applied to the analysis of the UCTE system with reference to scenarios of the years 2005 and 2010. The adopted simulator allows the supervision of the network flows not only in each interconnection line, but also in the first ones living the borders to enter in the national networks. Opening a larger window on the network flows, the simulator is able to put in evidence the role played in the CBTC allocation by the presence of internal bottlenecks. Examples are given showing as limiting the control to the Net Transmission Capacity (NTC) published by each Transmission System Operator (TSO) or extending the supervision only to the lines of the interconnection corridors is not enough to attain the most suitable information for a secure and economic CBTC allocation.","PeriodicalId":214545,"journal":{"name":"2007 iREP Symposium - Bulk Power System Dynamics and Control - VII. Revitalizing Operational Reliability","volume":"131 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115672514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-12-26DOI: 10.1109/IREP.2007.4410559
V. Madani, W. Higinbotham
This paper explains the challenges and addresses the benefits associated with utilizing products that provide multiple communications paths. Methods for employing IP networks for real time information collection will be discussed. Communications schemes are presented with traditional media including audio, digital, fiber, and IP networks. Examples of how analog data, status points, and HMI information can be transported on these networks are also described. The technology also simplifies connectivity, reduces hardware and potential failures, and offers a variety of diagnostics monitoring both at the equipment level as well as the system level. New methods will be shown that can decrease the communication's systems complexities even further to lower costs, improve system performance, and increase overall system reliability and MTBF.
{"title":"Advantages in modern communications as applied to Remedial Action Schemes and control centers","authors":"V. Madani, W. Higinbotham","doi":"10.1109/IREP.2007.4410559","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IREP.2007.4410559","url":null,"abstract":"This paper explains the challenges and addresses the benefits associated with utilizing products that provide multiple communications paths. Methods for employing IP networks for real time information collection will be discussed. Communications schemes are presented with traditional media including audio, digital, fiber, and IP networks. Examples of how analog data, status points, and HMI information can be transported on these networks are also described. The technology also simplifies connectivity, reduces hardware and potential failures, and offers a variety of diagnostics monitoring both at the equipment level as well as the system level. New methods will be shown that can decrease the communication's systems complexities even further to lower costs, improve system performance, and increase overall system reliability and MTBF.","PeriodicalId":214545,"journal":{"name":"2007 iREP Symposium - Bulk Power System Dynamics and Control - VII. Revitalizing Operational Reliability","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128511817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-12-26DOI: 10.1109/IREP.2007.4410567
Qian Chen, P. Ju, Z. Shao, Feng Wu
In order to consider the effect of the distribution network on the load modeling, a synthesis load model (SLM) including the power load and the distribution network has been proposed. Using SLM, the accuracy of the load modeling can be improved. At the same time, a strategy of the parameter estimation of the SLM is proposed in this paper. The proposed parameter estimation strategy is based on the combination of the component based and the measurement based load modeling method. During parameter estimation, only the parameters playing very important roles in the dynamics of the composite load model are estimated, while the other parameters playing limited role are set as the default values which is obtained by the component based method. The efficiency of the proposed strategy is verified by the load modeling based on the field measurements.
{"title":"Electrical load modeling with considering distribution network","authors":"Qian Chen, P. Ju, Z. Shao, Feng Wu","doi":"10.1109/IREP.2007.4410567","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IREP.2007.4410567","url":null,"abstract":"In order to consider the effect of the distribution network on the load modeling, a synthesis load model (SLM) including the power load and the distribution network has been proposed. Using SLM, the accuracy of the load modeling can be improved. At the same time, a strategy of the parameter estimation of the SLM is proposed in this paper. The proposed parameter estimation strategy is based on the combination of the component based and the measurement based load modeling method. During parameter estimation, only the parameters playing very important roles in the dynamics of the composite load model are estimated, while the other parameters playing limited role are set as the default values which is obtained by the component based method. The efficiency of the proposed strategy is verified by the load modeling based on the field measurements.","PeriodicalId":214545,"journal":{"name":"2007 iREP Symposium - Bulk Power System Dynamics and Control - VII. Revitalizing Operational Reliability","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127136054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-12-26DOI: 10.1109/IREP.2007.4410566
K.A. Fahid, P. Gopalakrishnan, S. Cherian
Phasor measure unit (PMU) deployment for wide area monitoring systems (WAMS) results in large amount's of data being generated every second across the PMU network, the intermediate data concentrator's and the central monitoring center. This large amount of data evacuation provides practical bottlenecks with the prevalent network architecture and communication schemes. This paper looks at this problem; by studying the underlying reason's for communication bottlenecks and proposes an enhanced architecture to address this issue.
{"title":"PhasorNet A High Performance Network Communications Architecture for Synchrophasor Data Transfer in Wide Area Monitoring, Protection and Control Applications","authors":"K.A. Fahid, P. Gopalakrishnan, S. Cherian","doi":"10.1109/IREP.2007.4410566","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IREP.2007.4410566","url":null,"abstract":"Phasor measure unit (PMU) deployment for wide area monitoring systems (WAMS) results in large amount's of data being generated every second across the PMU network, the intermediate data concentrator's and the central monitoring center. This large amount of data evacuation provides practical bottlenecks with the prevalent network architecture and communication schemes. This paper looks at this problem; by studying the underlying reason's for communication bottlenecks and proposes an enhanced architecture to address this issue.","PeriodicalId":214545,"journal":{"name":"2007 iREP Symposium - Bulk Power System Dynamics and Control - VII. Revitalizing Operational Reliability","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117169629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-12-26DOI: 10.1109/IREP.2007.4410548
Guoping Liu, J. Quintero, V. Venkatasubramanian
With the growing implementation of synchrophasors or PMU's across the power grid, it is now possible to observe and analyze system wide dynamic phenomena in real-time. This paper presents the framework of an automatic real-time oscillation monitoring expert system for extracting the modal information and mode shape of electromagnetic oscillations while they are still emerging in the real power system. The algorithms use three signal processing engines, namely, Prony's method, matrix pencil method and Hankel total least squares (HTLS) method. Results from these engines are processed using a custom developed set of rules for handling the complexities of modal analysis from real-time PMU measurements. The results are illustrated on several actual PMU recordings from power systems in North America. A simple powerful control design is also explored to initiate a supplementary HVDC modulation scheme to damp out inter-area oscillations when the oscillation monitoring system detects poorly damped oscillations.
{"title":"Oscillation monitoring system based on wide area synchrophasors in power systems","authors":"Guoping Liu, J. Quintero, V. Venkatasubramanian","doi":"10.1109/IREP.2007.4410548","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IREP.2007.4410548","url":null,"abstract":"With the growing implementation of synchrophasors or PMU's across the power grid, it is now possible to observe and analyze system wide dynamic phenomena in real-time. This paper presents the framework of an automatic real-time oscillation monitoring expert system for extracting the modal information and mode shape of electromagnetic oscillations while they are still emerging in the real power system. The algorithms use three signal processing engines, namely, Prony's method, matrix pencil method and Hankel total least squares (HTLS) method. Results from these engines are processed using a custom developed set of rules for handling the complexities of modal analysis from real-time PMU measurements. The results are illustrated on several actual PMU recordings from power systems in North America. A simple powerful control design is also explored to initiate a supplementary HVDC modulation scheme to damp out inter-area oscillations when the oscillation monitoring system detects poorly damped oscillations.","PeriodicalId":214545,"journal":{"name":"2007 iREP Symposium - Bulk Power System Dynamics and Control - VII. Revitalizing Operational Reliability","volume":"134 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124679304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-12-26DOI: 10.1109/IREP.2007.4410560
D. Tholomier, S. Richards, A. Apostolov
Distance relays have been successfully used for many years as the most common type of protection of transmission lines. The development of electromechanical and solid state relays with mho characteristics can be considered as an important factor in the wide spread acceptance of this type of protection at different voltage levels all over the world. Zone 1 of distance relays is used to provide primary highspeed protection of a significant portion of the transmission line. Zone 2 is used to cover the rest of the protected line and provide some backup for the remote end bus. Zone 3 is the backup protection for all the lines connected to the remote end bus. The experience from the North American blackout in August 2003, as well as the recent European disturbance in November 2006 demonstrated the importance that the behavior of many distance relays had during the dynamic loading at different stages of the disturbance and the out-of-step conditions that followed in some areas The implementation of distance relays requires understanding of its operating principles, as well as the factors that affect the performance of the device under different abnormal conditions. The paper analyzes different methods for resolving the load encroachment of the apparent impedance into the distance characteristic as a result of dynamic loading and the detection of faults at that time. Another important issue is the operation of distance relays during stable or unstable out-of-step conditions. Depending on the location of the distance relays in the system and the type of event the relays may use blocking of the selected distance elements or tripping if separation is required.
{"title":"Advanced distance protection applications fot dynamic loading and out-of step condition","authors":"D. Tholomier, S. Richards, A. Apostolov","doi":"10.1109/IREP.2007.4410560","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IREP.2007.4410560","url":null,"abstract":"Distance relays have been successfully used for many years as the most common type of protection of transmission lines. The development of electromechanical and solid state relays with mho characteristics can be considered as an important factor in the wide spread acceptance of this type of protection at different voltage levels all over the world. Zone 1 of distance relays is used to provide primary highspeed protection of a significant portion of the transmission line. Zone 2 is used to cover the rest of the protected line and provide some backup for the remote end bus. Zone 3 is the backup protection for all the lines connected to the remote end bus. The experience from the North American blackout in August 2003, as well as the recent European disturbance in November 2006 demonstrated the importance that the behavior of many distance relays had during the dynamic loading at different stages of the disturbance and the out-of-step conditions that followed in some areas The implementation of distance relays requires understanding of its operating principles, as well as the factors that affect the performance of the device under different abnormal conditions. The paper analyzes different methods for resolving the load encroachment of the apparent impedance into the distance characteristic as a result of dynamic loading and the detection of faults at that time. Another important issue is the operation of distance relays during stable or unstable out-of-step conditions. Depending on the location of the distance relays in the system and the type of event the relays may use blocking of the selected distance elements or tripping if separation is required.","PeriodicalId":214545,"journal":{"name":"2007 iREP Symposium - Bulk Power System Dynamics and Control - VII. Revitalizing Operational Reliability","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125395423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-12-26DOI: 10.1109/IREP.2007.4410568
Y. Makarov, C. Miller, T. Nguen, Jian Ma
The potential uses of the sub-second GPS-synchronized phasor data collected from various locations within an electric power system promise endless benefits for the applications targeting reliable operation of electric power systems. Despite the undisputable progress achieved in developing visualization tools, alarming tools, modal analysis tools, and statistical analysis tools based on synchrophasor data, there is an emerging need to develop more real-time phasor-based applications. This paper discusses a new idea of the characteristic ellipsoid approach to monitor the dynamic behavior of an interconnected power system using phasor measurements. This method will be a useful tool for providing wide-area situational awareness for grid operators, identification of system disturbances and detection of system stresses and their locations.
{"title":"Characteristic ellipsoid method for monitoring power system dynamic behavior using phasor measurements","authors":"Y. Makarov, C. Miller, T. Nguen, Jian Ma","doi":"10.1109/IREP.2007.4410568","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IREP.2007.4410568","url":null,"abstract":"The potential uses of the sub-second GPS-synchronized phasor data collected from various locations within an electric power system promise endless benefits for the applications targeting reliable operation of electric power systems. Despite the undisputable progress achieved in developing visualization tools, alarming tools, modal analysis tools, and statistical analysis tools based on synchrophasor data, there is an emerging need to develop more real-time phasor-based applications. This paper discusses a new idea of the characteristic ellipsoid approach to monitor the dynamic behavior of an interconnected power system using phasor measurements. This method will be a useful tool for providing wide-area situational awareness for grid operators, identification of system disturbances and detection of system stresses and their locations.","PeriodicalId":214545,"journal":{"name":"2007 iREP Symposium - Bulk Power System Dynamics and Control - VII. Revitalizing Operational Reliability","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130107141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-12-26DOI: 10.1109/IREP.2007.4410556
D. Tholomier, L. Schmitt, J. Giri
The utility operational environment has been facing over the last 10 years significant changes mainly derived from the unbundling of the overall energy supply chain as well as from fundamental changes observed in the mix of the energy resources portfolio towards lower size renewable energies. These challenges have been changing the former flow patterns observed within transmission and distribution networks towards larger amount of cross-border flows from less observable areas as well as massive counter-flows from distribution to transmission related to the larger penetration of distribution energy resources. Meanwhile the growing regulatory pressure tends to focus network operator attention to grow the return of their assets their existing asset though aging. These growing operational constraints have grown the amount of dispatcher stress while various blackouts have happened in Europe and US. Several working groups analysing the context of these major incidents have been launched, AREVA T&D technical experts having participated to several of them. This paper proposes to list the various consequence of this analysis onto energy management system technologies.
{"title":"Impact of recent blackout: Return of experience of experience on utility operational IT infrastructures","authors":"D. Tholomier, L. Schmitt, J. Giri","doi":"10.1109/IREP.2007.4410556","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IREP.2007.4410556","url":null,"abstract":"The utility operational environment has been facing over the last 10 years significant changes mainly derived from the unbundling of the overall energy supply chain as well as from fundamental changes observed in the mix of the energy resources portfolio towards lower size renewable energies. These challenges have been changing the former flow patterns observed within transmission and distribution networks towards larger amount of cross-border flows from less observable areas as well as massive counter-flows from distribution to transmission related to the larger penetration of distribution energy resources. Meanwhile the growing regulatory pressure tends to focus network operator attention to grow the return of their assets their existing asset though aging. These growing operational constraints have grown the amount of dispatcher stress while various blackouts have happened in Europe and US. Several working groups analysing the context of these major incidents have been launched, AREVA T&D technical experts having participated to several of them. This paper proposes to list the various consequence of this analysis onto energy management system technologies.","PeriodicalId":214545,"journal":{"name":"2007 iREP Symposium - Bulk Power System Dynamics and Control - VII. Revitalizing Operational Reliability","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128513003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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